opportunities in the forest based sector ftp biorefinery task force annita westenbroek – kcpk (nl)...

Opportunities in the Forest based SectorOpportunities in the Forest based Sector

FTP Biorefinery Task Force

Annita Westenbroek – KCPK (NL)Klaus Niemela – KCL (F)Peter Axegard – STFI (S)

Source: M. Mensink, FTP-conference Lahti, Nov 2006CG Beckeman, Int. Biorefinery conference, Helsinki, Oct 2006

22007-1-19

Forest based biorefinery initiatives

1. Annita Westenbroek: FTP Biorefinery Taskforce

2. Klaus Niemela: biorefinery activities in Finland

3. Peter Axegard: biorefinery activities in Sweden

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42007-1-19

52007-1-19

FTP started a biorefinery taskforce

Bringing the experts in the field together. To define the key projects that need to take place in

the field of biorefinery, that will increase the competitiveness of our sector in the next decade.

Mapping existing projects, reaching out to the other technology platforms (Sustainable chemistry, Biofuels and Plants for the future) and collect information from the incredible number of conferences on this subject…..

A Vision Paper will be ready in March 2007

62007-1-19

Why biorefinery in the forest

Climate change and energy policy will create a new reality, a new balance between within our sector and between sectors, soon!

The forest based sector is probably the only sector able to have a neutral contribution to climate change, when all aspects are taken into account and much is done.• All aspects = carbon emissions, carbon storage, transport,

landfill, forestry, etc.• Much to be done: Energy efficiency, CHP, Biorefinery, bio-

energy, etc.

The forest sector can lead! And should lead the developments. Focusing on biorefinery is a strong step in that direction.

72007-1-19

Biorefinery defined by the taskforce

Biorefinery has the aim to create more value our of the bio-based raw material of the pulp and paper/forest based sectors.

This can be in the form of current products, chemicals and energy, biomass, biofuels.

Biorefinery is seen as an opportunity, creating more value for the existing players in the field.

Therefore biorefinery is defined as: “Efficient use of the entire potential of raw materials and by-streams of the pulp and paper industry towards a broad range of high added value products (by cooperation in and between chains.

82007-1-19

Biorefinery Task Force

Peter Axegard, STFI Markku Karlsson, UPM-Kymmene Paterson McKeough, VTT Annita Westenbroek, KCPK Michel Petit-Conil, Afocel/CTP Ludger Eltrop, IER University

Stuttgart Klaus Niemelä, KCL Marco Mensink, CEPI (chairman)

92007-1-19

Key priorities defined by the taskforce

1. Selective and efficient separation and conversion processes – R&D into technology.

2. Above sector synergies with the agricultural and chemical sector.

3. Bio-refineries as a source of wood-derived energy carriers, adding our knowledge and expertise.

4. Recycled fibre biorefinery – using residues, providing products.

5. The socio-economic impact of biorefinery development – an integrated vision of added value.

102007-1-19

The Dutch approach

More efficient use of fibre raw materials and by-streams• Utilizing own by-streams (raw material, energy source)• Fibre cascading (fibre containing by-stream of one mill is

valuable raw material of another mill)• New products from by-streams• Exchange of by-streams / raw materials with other

sectors• Energy from by-streams

Above sector synergies!• Clustering the agro and forest based biorefineries

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Opportunities in the Forest-based Sector

2. Forest-based biorefinery

research in Finland

Klaus Niemelä

2007-1-19Klaus Niemelä 13

Outline

• Background, history

• Pulp production, pulp mill as a biorefinery

• Examples of current or planned research areas or programmes

• New COST action on biorefineries


Wood as a chemical raw material – long history

• Isolation of naval stores

• Production of charcoal and tar

• Manufacture of methanol, acetic acid, calcium acetate, acetone...

• Alkali fusion of wood (sawdust) to oxalic acid


Pulping: production of fiber, chemicals and energy

• Acidic sulfite pulping

• Alkaline kraft pulping

• Semichemical pulping

• Mechanical pulping


Sulfite pulping by-products

• Lignosulfonates (> 1 million tons)• Ethanol• Xylose• Torula yeast• Vanillin• Furfural, acetic acid

• In the past: p-cymene, pekilo protein, oxalic acid, methanol, etc.


Lenzing achieved a 25% increase of the non energetic use of wood: however …

the recovery of Hemicellulose derivatives so far cannot be further increasedall the Lignins are still burnt

e.g. „Wood Biorefinery“ in Lenzing

The net calorific value corresponds toabt. 220 kg fuel oil per t of pulp produced!

dissolvingpulp

Acetic acid

spent liquor excess energy

Beech wood

50%

pulpmill

39% Furfural

Xylose

11%

dissolvingpulp

Acetic acid

spent liquor excess energy

Beech wood

50%

pulpmill

39% Furfural

Xylose

11%


Kraft pulping by-products

• Tall oil (1.5 million tons)• Turpentine (200,000 tons)• Lignin (100,000 tons)• DMS, DMSO, DMSO2 (pulping spent liquor

oxidation)

• In the past: methanol, pyrolysis oils, kraft-prehydrolysis products, etc.


Examples of current or planned research programmes (1)

Sustainable Production and Products:

• Research programme by Academy of Finland• Runs from 2006 to 2010• Three research themes: - Industrial ecology - Green chemistry and engineering - Chemicas in industrial production• Several biorefinery-related projects funded



BioRefine:

• Technology programme by Tekes (Finnish Funding Agency for Technology and Innovation)

• Under planning, final decision during spring

• Integration of forest, energy and chemical industry and biotechnology to find new biomass-based business potential



SymBio, Industrial Biotechnology:

• Technology Programme by Tekes• Runs from 2006 to 2011• The focus areas for the R&D projects are: - Development and intensification of biotechnological

production and processing - Applications in environmental biotechnology - Supporting technologies; e.g. measurements, modelling and the development of enzymes and production organisms



Sustainable Energy:

• Research programme by Academy of Finland• 2008-2011• The objective is to strengthen basic research in the

energy field and to harmonise research on environmentally friendly energy production with economic factors even at the early stages of research.

• The main themes are new technology for energy production, an effective energy system, and energy use efficiency.


Projects or research areas - examples

• Isolation of lignans from softwood knots (Prof. B. Holmbom, Åbo Akademi University)

• Production of transportation fuels from biomass at pulp and paper mills (P. McKeough, VTT)

• Aliphatic hydroxy acids as pulping by-products

2007-1-19Klaus Niemelä 28(Presentation by P. McKeough avail. at www.blackliquor.com)


Hydroxy acids as pulping by-products

Background:During kraft pulping, nearly 10% of the wood raw material is converted to a mixture of aliphatic hydroxy acids (total "production" in Europe is millions of tons annually).

They are currently burnt in the recovery boilers (together with lignin and other compounds), although they could offer an abundant source of platform and specialty chemicals for chemical industry.

Problems:1. The acids form a complex mixture, with several main compounds.2. Their isolation and purification has not yet been fully solved.3. Properties or potential uses of some compounds are poorly known.


Hydroxy acids as pulping by-products

COOH lCH2OH

COOH lCHOH lCH3

COOH lCHOH lCH2 lCH3

COOH lCHOH lCH2 lCH2 lCH2OH

COOH lC lCH2 lCH2OH

CH2OH

OH

COOH lC lCH2 lCHOH lCH2OH

CH2OH

OH

1, glycolic acid2, lactic acid3, 2-hydroxybutanoic acid 4, 2,5-dihydroxypentanoic acid5, xyloisosaccharinic acid6, glucoisosaccharinic acids (2 stereoisomers)

12

3

4

5

6

The main acids:


New COST action: biotechnology for lignocellulose biorefineries

• 2007-2010

• Chair: Dr. Liisa Viikari,

VTT, Finland

The main objective: to

develop environmentally

sound and cost-effective

biotechnical tools and pro-

duction technologies to be

exploited in the production

of fibres, chemicals, and

bioenergy.

(Intererested in? [email protected])

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turning science into reality

Opportunities in the forest based sector part 3. Biorefinery Research Activities in Sweden in the Forest Based Sector

Presentation by Peter Axegård, STFI-Packforsk AB

Brokery Event 18th and 19th of January 2007International Research on Biorefinery with Biofuels


Biofuels

Integrated

Energy

System

Fibre processing

Primary treat-ment

Pulpwood

Forestry/agri residues and used recycled fibres

Pulp or paper

Chemicals

Use of Pulp Mill By-products and Forestry Residues

Conver-sion

Conver-sion

Black liquor Electricity


Outline

Ex 1. Birch bark

Ex 2. Glucomannan from TMP white water

Ex 3. New process for soap removal

Ex 4. Xylan from black liquor

Ex 5. Lignin from kraft black liquor

Ex 6. Gasification

Conclusions


The Pulp Mill Biorefinery-Ex1. Birch Bark

Fatty acids – polyesters

Betulin – skin protection


The Pulp Mill Biorefinery-Ex. 2 Glucomananns from TMP

Glucomannans from spruce has a

unique ability to form barriers with

low oxygen permeability


The Pulp Mill Biorefinery-Ex 3. New process for removal of soap from black liquor

• In operation spring 2006• Capacity 25.000 tons of

raw extractives (tall soap) per year

• Decreased use of sulfuric acid

• Final products– Resins for binders

formulations – Fatty acid ester (biodiesel)– β - sitosterol


The Pulp Mill Biorefinery-Ex 4. Xylan from kraft black liquor

150 kg /tonne wood dissolved into black liquor

can be removed efficiently and purified

can be sorbed onto fiber surfaces

results in less refining demand


Xylan ─ Main Hardwood Hemicellulose

O

OO

OHO

HOO

OO

HOO

OH OH

O

HOH2C

OH

OH

O

OO

HO

OCO2H

H3CO

HO OH

O

HOO

OH

Ac

Ac

O-Acetyl-4-O-methylglucuronoxylan

Birch ~30 %

Eucalyptus ~15 %


The Pulp Mill Biorefinery-Ex 5. Lignin from black liquor

FRAM2 program

Demonstration plant


Lignin from Kraft Black Liquor

Lignin OUT Recovery boiler

Digester

Evaporation

BleachingWood

chips Pulp/paper

Lignin IN

Replacement of fossil fuel

50 L mineral oil can be saved ptp

Wood


• Energy– Heat value of 1 tonne of lignin equals 0.65 tonne of mineral oil– Fuel for lime kilns, heat and power, oil replacement, syngas

• Materials– Carbon fibre for composites, porous carbon structures

• Chemicals

– Phenols, binders, dispersants, sequestering

Lignin Applications


Lignin from the LignoBoost Process


C 64.0 %O 26.4 %H 5.7 %Na 0.03 %Ash 0.2 %

Dry solids 65-70 %

Heat value 26 GJ/t

Properties of LignoBoost Lignin Before Drying


Demonstration of Lignin ProductionStart-Up January 2007

Wermland Paper,the Bäckhammar mill

LignoBoostDemonstration plant


Demo For Lignin Removal

To commercialize the process

Through demonstrating the process through a demo plant

• Demo plant starts late 2006• Annual capacity 4000 tonnes• Lignin will be used in lime kilns and other

incinerators


The Pulp Mill Biorefinery-Ex 6.Gasification

Swedish Black Liquor Gasification

ETC, STFI. Chalmers, Umeå Univ., ETC, Luleå Technical Univ., Corrosion Institute

Pilot plant and related R&D


Pulp wood

Pulp & paperproduction Paper

Forestry residues

Electricity

Two Promising Biorefining Alternatives

Spent liquor

Biomass gasification Methanol/DME

FT-fuels

Lignin removal

Lignin


Fuel gas

Pulp & paper production

STFI-VTT Scheme: Integrating Biomass Gasification with Lignin Removal

Spent liquor

Biomass gasification

Lignin removal

Pulp wood Paper

Forestry residues

ElectricityMethanol/DMEFT-fuels

Lignin

To CO2 sinkCO2


Other Opportunities - Integrating Bio- mass Gasification with Lignin Removal

No principal limitation in removal of valuable components from black liquor

Unit kg/t pulp Spruce Birch Eucalypt

Lignin 510 340 340

Xylan 30 100 40


The Future Pulp Mill is a Wood Biorefinery Producing

Fibers for future paper and fibre based composites




Value added by-products from hemicelluloses




Value added by-products from hemicelluloses

Solid fuels, liquid fuels and electricity from black liquor, forestry residues and agro residues

opportunities in the forest based sector ftp biorefinery task force annita westenbroek – kcpk (nl)...

Documents

taskforce biorefinery

biorefinery activities

field of biorefinery

biorefinery conference

ftp biorefinery taskforce

klaus niemel16 slide

klaus niemel18 slide

sweden slide