optimized air/water heat pump selection, based on scopon approach

OPTIMIZED SELECTION

OF A HEAT PUMP FOR

THE CITY OF MILAN,

USING “SCOPon”

APPROACH

Dipl. Eng. Luca Zordan

Release 06_2014

OPTIMIZED SELECTION OF A HEAT PUMP FOR THE CITY 'OF MILAN, USING

“SCOPon” APPROACH

Luca Zordan

Release 06_2014

INTRODUCTION - SCOP

As is known SCOP (Seasonal Coefficient of Performance) describes the heat

pump's average annual efficiency performance.

SCOP is therefore an expression for how efficient a specific heat pump will be

for a given heating demand profile, so in a specific geographical area.

More precisely, it’s defined two different types of SCOP: SCOPon and

SCOPnet.

Next slides will show the right definition, but take note the first one (SCOPon)

takes into account the contribution - in terms of energy consumption - of any

additional electrical heaters.



Luca Zordan

Release 06_2014

INTRODUCTION - Bivalent Temperature

In addition, we have to remember the meaning of «Bivalent Temperature».

The point where the heat pump's capacity corresponds exactly to the heating

demand is known as the bivalent point. At temperatures below the bivalent

point, the heat pump's capacity has to be supplemented by backup heating. In

the SCOP calculation this is included as pure electric heating with a COP

value of 1, regardless of whether or not the heat pump has an electric heating

element. For higher temperatures the heat pump will run in part load, which

SCOP also takes into account. These conditions are illustrated in the figure

below



Luca Zordan

Release 06_2014

INTRODUCTION - Bivalent Temperature

Tdesign T [˚C]

kW

Pdesign

A (-7˚C) B (2˚C) C (7˚C) D (12˚C)

88%

54%

35%

15%

Tbivalent

Electric

BackupPart load

Capacity



Luca Zordan

Release 06_2014

SCOPE

It’s not the purpose of this presentation to explain how to calculate seasonal

coefficients of performance,

BUT THE QUESTIONS ARE:

- considering a given design temperature, it’s better to select a large heat

pump or it’s better a smaller with electrical heater in addition?

- What is the tool that guides us in an energy-conscious selection?

I TRIED TO REPLY THESE QUESTIONS INTRODUCING A NEW

APPROACH BASED ON SCOPon.

Enjoy your reading!



APPLICATION:

OFFICE BUILDING

LOCATION:

Milan (Italy)

Luca Zordan

Release 06_2014

Working Days

Saturday

Sunday & holudays

OPERATING TIMES

ON OFF

OPEN

CLOSE



APPLICATION:

OFFICE BUILDING

Luca Zordan

Release 06_2014

Daytime

Night

Temperature (°C)

Temperature (°C)

Hours

UR

%

Annual Operating

Hours Daytime 2670

Hours Night 291

Totale Hours 2961



APPLICATION:

HOTEL

LOCATION:

Milan (Italy)

Luca Zordan

Release 06_2014

Working Days

Saturday

Sunday & holudays

OPERATING TIMES

ON OFF

OPEN

CLOSE



APPLICATION:

HOTELS

Luca Zordan

Release 06_2014

Daytime

Night

Temperature (°C)

Hours

UR

%

Temperature (°C)

Annual Operating

Hours Daytime 4116

Hours Night 4116

Totale Hours 8232



CITY OF MILAN

CALCULATION OF SEASONAL PERFORMANCE (SCOPon) WITH

REFERENCE TO UNI EN 14825

Luca Zordan

Release 06_2014

Outdoor Temperature

Water temperature

supplied

Partial LoadRation (PLR)

HeatingBuilding Capacity

(°C) (°C) % kW

TOL -15 45

JDESIGN -5 45 100% 58,0

A -7 45 - 63,5

B 2 45 67% 38,7

C 7 45 43% 24,9

D 12 45 19% 11,0

Tbalance 16 0% 0,0



Luca Zordan

Release 06_2014

CITY OF MILAN

SELECTION OF AIR/WATER HEAT PUMP SERIES “BLUE BOX_GEYSER

2 HT”, DEPENDING ON DIFFERENT BIVALENT TEMPERATURE.

It’s been selected No. 5 different bivalent temperatures:

-5°C / -2°C / 0°C / +2°C / +5°C

Resulting in selection No. 5 different sizes of Heat Pump:

Geyser 2 HT 90

Geyser 2 HT 70

Geyser 2 HT 60

Geyser 2 HT 50

Geyser 2 HT 32



CITY OF MILAN

SELECTION OF HEAT PUMP SERIES “BLUE BOX_GEYSER 2 HT”

DEPENDING ON BIVALENT TEMPERATURE.

Luca Zordan

Release 06_2014

Heating Capacity of Heat Pump

JBIV = -5 JBIV = -2 JBIV = 0 JBIV = 2 JBIV = 5

Geyser 2 HT 90 Geyser 2 HT 70 Geyser 2 HT 60 Geyser 2 HT 50 Geyser 2 HT 32

[kW]

PTOL [kW] 48,9 36,5 32,0 27,3 19,6

COPTOL 2,36 2,22 2,29 2,36 2,20

PBIV [kW] 60,5 48,4 44,4 38,4 29,5

COPBIV 2,84 2,90 3,11 3,21 3,35

PA [kW] 58,1 43,7 38,4 32,2 23,4

COPBIV,A 2,75 2,62 2,71 2,74 2,63

PB [kW] 70,0 52,4 46,2 38,4 27,9

COPBIV,B 3,24 3,14 3,24 3,21 3,16

PC [kW] 77,4 57,7 51,1 42,3 30,7

COPBIV,C 3,57 3,47 3,58 3,53 3,50

PD [kW] 85,5 63,3 56,3 46,5 33,6

COPBIV,D 3,92 3,84 3,95 3,82 3,84



Luca Zordan

Release 06_2014



SCOPon: DEFINITION

Luca Zordan

Release 06_2014



CITY OF MILAN

CALCULATION OF “SCOPon” (Bin-method, Cfr. EN 14825)

Luca Zordan

Release 06_2014



CITY OF MILAN

CALCULATION OF “SCOPon” FOR EACH HEAT PUMP SIZE

Luca Zordan

Release 06_2014

Annual Heating

demand of the building

Annual Heat Pump

Capacity

Annual power input with

electrical heater

Annual power input

without electrical heater

Annual Heating

demand of the building

Annual Heat Pump

Capacity

Annual power input with

electrical heater

Annual power input

without electrical heater

kWh kWh kWh kWh kWh kWh kWh kWh

35.427 35.427 12.584 12.584 54.368 54.368 19.306 19.306

SCOPon SCOPnet SCOPon SCOPnet

2,82 2,82 2,82 2,82

35.427 35.331 12.161 12.065 54.368 54.260 18.620 18.512


2,91 2,93 2,92 2,93

35.427 34.922 11.810 11.306 54.368 53.745 18.001 17.378


3,00 3,09 3,02 3,09

35.427 33.942 12.292 10.807 54.368 52.313 18.691 16.636


2,88 3,14 2,91 3,14

35.427 30.255 14.522 9.350 54.368 46.746 22.044 14.422


2,44 3,24 2,47 3,24

UFFICI HOTELOFFICE BUILDING HOTEL

ITEM 1

ITEM 2

ITEM 3

ITEM 4

ITEM 5



Luca Zordan

Release 06_2014

CITY OF MILAN - RESULT

2.82 2.91 3.00 2.882.44

1

3

5

7

9

11

13

15

-5 -2 0 2 5

MW

h/y

ear

Annual Power Input with Electrical heater and SCOPon

Annual Power Input with Elect heater SCOP_on

• Point of Minimum Energy

consumption

• Point of Maximum SCOPon

value

Application : OFFICE BUILGING



Luca Zordan

Release 06_2014

MAIN RESULT

Applying this analytical “SCOPon” approach, with reference to the

obtained datas it is clear that the selection energetically more convenient

is on model GEYSER 2 HT 60, in correspondence of a bivalent

temperature Tbiv = 0°C



Luca Zordan

Release 06_2014

CITY OF MILAN – COMBINED RESULTS: OFFICE BUILDING &

HOTEL



Luca Zordan

Release 06_2014

MAIN NOTE

This is an analytical method that could be applied to optimize the heat

pump selection. However, it’s essentially defined for winter heating. In the

Italy area, the application of the reversible heat pump (for combined use

in summer and winter) is much preferred and used in respect to "just

heating" applications.

The strong sensible and latent loads in our "beautiful country" during

summer, heavily influence the selection of the size of the unit.



Luca Zordan

Release 06_2014

THANKS FOR YOUR ATTENTION

[email protected]

optimized air/water heat pump selection, based on scopon approach

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