optimizingtransportdataoptimizing transport data ... · optimizingtransportdataoptimizing transport...

Optimizing Transport DataOptimizing Transport Data Integration andIntegration and Management

Zhengdong HUANGZhengdongHUANGWuhanUniversity

2012/2/9 1Transport Sector and NAMAs - Manila

(IGES / CAI-Asia)

ContentsContents

Datafortransportplanningandmanagementg

Whyintegrationandmanagement?I d Issuesintransportdataintegration Technicalaspectp Institutionalaspect

Action examples Actionexamples Conclusions


(IGES / CAI-Asia)

The living worldThe living world

People ActivitiesConstraints

HouseholdIIncomeEmploymentAge

ScheduleType of activity

Perception Modes

Spacep

Land useZoneRoad networkRoad networkPlaces


(IGES / CAI-Asia)

Current issues in urban transport

FactorsleadingtoCONGESTION: Infrastructureshortageordeficiency Motorvehicleincrease Overlyhighdensity Lessorganizedspatialstructure

EMISSION: CO2,NOx… Noise Noise

SAFETY Accident Accident

2012/2/9Transport Sector and NAMAs - Manila

(IGES / CAI-Asia)4

Data in transport- categoriesData in transport categories

Socio‐economicdata(census,landuse…)

T t i f t t ( d f iliti ) Transportinfrastructure(roads,facilities...)

Transportservices(publictransit…)p (p )

Traveldemandandsystemuse(household,

activities,employment,freight…)

Transport impact (performance measure Transportimpact(performancemeasure,

environment…)


(IGES / CAI-Asia)

Data needs - structureData needs structure

Demand attributes

Supply attributes

System data

Service data

Economic data

Demographic data

System performance

Facilities data

Condition data

Project data

data

Land use data

Travel dataProject data

Traveller behaviour data

Performance measures

Safety dataEmissions

System impactsimpacts

Air quality data Other Land use data Energy data EconomicAir quality data Other environment

data

Land use data Energy data Economic growth


(IGES / CAI-Asia)

Data needs - examplesData needs examplesPlanning tasks Supply data Demand data Performance data Impact data

Land use –transport

Road network Land use

UTMSRoad network;

d t itLand use; S i i

Speed; volume;node; transit Socio-economic

p ; ;

Discrete choice Distance Socio-economic Travel time

S iActivity-based Location

Socio-economic; travel diary

Time; Volume; incidents

Traffic Road network; Time; Speed;Traffic assignment

Road network; node

O-DTime; Speed; volume

Micro-simulation

Road network;Land use; Socio-economic

Speed; volumesimulation Socio-economic

Operations Road networkSpeed; volume; incidents

Noise;

N i VMTImpact analysis Road network Congestion

Noise; VMT; emissions


(IGES / CAI-Asia)

Data types - examplesData types examplesSpatialSpatial

Attribute Temporal Point Line Area

Activity Activity ActivityPoint

Activity site & building

Activity site & str. link

Activity site & TAZ

Activity & its attributes

Activity schedule

Spatial Line

Rd ntwk & Bus route

Link & TAZ

Link per-formance

Link travel time

AreaTAZ & Land use

TAZ data Land use Change

Attribute TAZ matrix Change

Temporal Compare


(IGES / CAI-Asia)

ObservationsObservations

Dataisthekeyforplanningandcontrol Huge amount of transport data Hugeamountoftransportdata Spatialspan:region,city,district,site Temporalspan:year,month,day,hour Activity span: plan construction Activityspan:plan,construction,maintenance,monitor

Neededdatagobeyondthetransportsystemitselfy


(IGES / CAI-Asia)9

Why transport data integration

Integration:tocoordinateorblenddistinctdataintoaunifiedwhole

Datasource Fromdifferentagenciesg Fromdifferentdatacollectiondevices Fromvolunteers

Datatype Spatial: areal linear point data Spatial:areal,linear,pointdata Temporal:hour,day,month,year Spatio‐temporal: both attributes Spatio‐temporal:bothattributes


(IGES / CAI-Asia)10

TECHNICAL ISSUESTECHNICAL ISSUES


(IGES / CAI-Asia)11

Technology for data integration

datastandardizing interfacing and interoperability interfacingandinteroperability datawarehousing(assembledata,provide

f f d k )informationfordecisionmaking) spatialandtemporalreferencing spat a a d te po a e e e c g aggregatinganddisaggregating


(IGES / CAI-Asia)

Spatial and temporal referencing

Transportdataneedstobespatiallyandtemporallyanchoredp y

GISasadataintegratorS ti l ti l Spatialvsnon‐spatial

Points,lines,andpolygons Vectorsandimages Different layers Differentlayers Differentsources


(IGES / CAI-Asia)13


(IGES / CAI-Asia)14

Location as key integratorLocation as key integrator

Data are linked by their spatial locations. The geo-referenced approach provides a framework forreferenced approach provides a framework for information exchange and data integration.

Byanchoringsocio‐economicactivityinformationtolocations,aseriesofspatialoperationsbecomespossiblefortransportanalysis

Travel demand forecasting Freight routing Incident management Incident management The ITS industry


(IGES / CAI-Asia)

Location referencing -principle

Naming or codingActivity site description (e.g. address)

Geo-referenced spatial base (e.g. street network)

Naming or coding system (e.g. name & address)

Location reference system

Activity info with geo-referenced

locations

Activities(e.g. work, shopping)


(IGES / CAI-Asia)

Location referencing -methods

N b d Name‐based LinkIDsusingeitheraplanarornon‐planargraphrepresentationrepresentation

Crossstreetmatching Landmark

Road‐based LinearreferencingS dd Streetaddresses

Coordinate‐based Grid Grid GPS Groundsurveyy


(IGES / CAI-Asia)

Types and reliabilities of referencing basesTypes and reliabilities of referencing bases

Post codevague

Administrative unit Telecom zone

St t ddPoint of interest

Street name Place

Street intersectionBuilding

Street address

gaccurate

certain uncertain


(IGES / CAI-Asia)

Referencing of spatial transport data

TAZ StopLand use & other

Routeoverlap connect on / endTAZ& other

units

referenceconnect spread on

combineinin

Road networkActivity Sites & Locations

Intersection(Node)

Road segment define endon / along compose

& Locations (Node)g

(Link)


(IGES / CAI-Asia)

GIS T (GIS for transportation)GIS-T (GIS for transportation)

• Institutional – political, economic, social or i i l forganizational factors

• Process – architectures, functions, activities, information flows

• Data – geo/spatial, locational and temporal g p p

• Technology – computing and communication platforms and componentsd co po e s


(IGES / CAI-Asia)

Transport Data Representation in GISTransport Data Representation in GISPl t k Li k d• Planarnetworks Link‐node

• Non‐planarnetworks Network+attributeM lti di i l 3 D / 4 D• Multi‐dimensional 3‐D/4‐D

• Nodeimpedance NodeattributeT l ( ) D i i• Traversals(routes) Dynamicsegmentation

• O‐Dpairs Table• Lanes Links+attribute• Visualisation Graphicalpresent• Temporalchanges Attributes+?


(IGES / CAI-Asia)

Transport data model: UML conceptual view of spatio-temporal transportation object representation (Chen et al 2009)


(IGES / CAI-Asia)22

temporal transportation object representation (Chen et al, 2009)

GIS and Transport modelsGIS and Transport modelsGIS Transport Model

• Multi-purpose Single purpose

p

• Data-driven Model-driven

G hi t t Ab t t t t• Geographic context Abstract context

• Many topologies Single topo (link-node)y p g g p

• Chain structures link-node structure

• Spatially-indexed Sort-indexed

• Many fields Few fields• Many fields Few fields


(IGES / CAI-Asia)

GIS and transport modelsGIS and transport models

Dueker & Butler, 20002012/2/9 24Transport Sector and NAMAs - Manila

(IGES / CAI-Asia)

Spatial data aggregating andSpatial data aggregating and disaggregating

TransitionofZonaldataandattributes Aggregating

f ll t l fromsmallzonestolargezones

Disaggregating Fromlargezonestosmallzones


(IGES / CAI-Asia)25

Three types of data transition from source to target zones

Aggregation Interpolation Disaggregation

26

Two approaches to zonal data transition

Adm. UnitsSource zonesAdm Units

Land use BuildingSource zones

Land

Disaggregation

Interpolationuse

BuildingGrid cellLand use BuildingInterm. zones

TAZ Oth TAZ Oth

Aggregation

TAZ; Other zonesTarget zones

TAZ; Other zonesTarget zones

(a) Interpolation (b) Disaggregation-aggregation


(IGES / CAI-Asia)

Monte Carlo simulation (Spiekermann & W 2000)Wegener, 2000)

Doubly constraintDoubly constraint method（huang et al，2007），）

Implementation in ArcGIS


(IGES / CAI-Asia)28

Homogeneous zones

Land use


(IGES / CAI-Asia)29

Population disaggregated to raster cells


(IGES / CAI-Asia)30

PT demand at bus stopsbus stops based on accessibility measuremeasure

Transport Sector and NAMAs - Manila (IGES / CAI-Asia)

312012/2/9

London ibusdata


(IGES / CAI-Asia)32

managementTfL, 2006

An example of a smart card information system


(IGES / CAI-Asia)33

An example of a smart card information system (Pelletier, 2011)

Data integration between design tool g g(CAD) and management tool (GIS)

CAD design framework GIS framework

CAD mapQuery

Statistics

Data

exchangeCAD CAD map design

Statisticsexchange

Web GIS

C

design

CAD attribute

t

serviceGIS

databasefile

Geomanagement Geo-Design


(IGES / CAI-Asia)

Autodesk MAP ESRI GeoDesign


(IGES / CAI-Asia)35

INSTITUTIONAL ISSUESINSTITUTIONAL ISSUES


(IGES / CAI-Asia)36

ChallengesChallenges

Largeamountsofsectordata Most data are regarded as confidential Mostdataareregardedasconfidential Difficulttoshare,wasteoftimeandmoney Nomechanismforpublicdatasharing


(IGES / CAI-Asia)37

Urban transport administrative structure in China

Ministry of Public SecurityProvincial Government

Ministry of Construction

Provincial Dept. of Public Security Provincial Dept. of Construction

M i i l GMunicipal Government

Bureau of Traffic Management

Construction Committee

Planning Committee

Transport Committee

Bureau of Land Resource and Urban Planning

Institute of Planning and Design Institute of Transport PlanningInstitute of Survey and Mapping

Companies of Public Transport

Passenger Transport Management


(IGES / CAI-Asia)38

y pp g

Administrative link Technical link

Groups shaping the urban transport system of Wuhan

The Construction Land Resource and Planning

Committee (CC)and Planning

Bureau (LRPB)

The Wuhan municipal

government

The Bureau of Public Security

(BPS)

The Planning Committee (PC)( )

The Transport The Statistical e spoCommittee (TC) Bureau (SB)


(IGES / CAI-Asia)39

Institutional relationships on transport

Urban transport planning and management

Related agencies

LRPB:Transport planning

BTM:Traffic control PC:Transport planning

Land use controlUrban development

Traffic control Vehicle control

PC:Long-range planLarge projects

CC:

EPB:Emission control

CC:Annual road planConstruction marketRoad inventory

TC:Public transport

Inter-city transportSB:

Socio-economic


(IGES / CAI-Asia)40

Road inventoryy pinfo

Observations in Chinese context

Governmentalagencies Paygrowingattentiontodatacollection y g g HavenecessarytechnicalcapacityorsupportLess effective usage Lesseffectiveusage

Inadequateinter‐agencycooperation

Institutionaldatasharing Easier: vertical (CG‐Province‐City) Easier:vertical(CG Province City) Difficult:horizontal(e.g.LRUB‐TC‐PC‐EPB)

Dataavailabilitytothepublic2012/2/9

Transport Sector and NAMAs - Manila (IGES / CAI-Asia)

41

Data sharingData sharingMaintaining a database of common street networkMaintaining a database of common street network

Road network planning (LRPU)

Assigning traffic signs (BTM)

New road construction (CC)(BTM)

Assigning street name Database of

Street

Assigning street

Surveying and mapping (ISD)

(Municipality)Street Network

g gnumber (BPS)


(IGES / CAI-Asia)

R id t t l Household:

Transport modelling tasks

Data requirements Data sources

Resident travel demand

Household:Income

SizeOccupation

Age structure

Trip Generation:Regression;

LRPU:

IUTPAge structure

Trip Characteristics:Trip rate

Trip purpose

g ;Category…

Trip distribution:Gravity;

ISD

IUPD

p p pOrigin / Destination

Trip durationMode

TAZ:

Gravity;Intervening opport.;

Entropy…

Modal split:

BPU

BTMTAZ:Distances

Travel timeLand-use

classification

Diversion curve;Behavioural choice

BTM

SBclassification

Geographical locationLarge-scale attractionRoad network:Road segments / Links

Route assignment:Minimum; Stochastic;Equilibrium; Multi-path

BPS

CCand their connectivity

City:Total population

path…

Other Travel Demand:- Floating

CC


(IGES / CAI-Asia)43

Total trip structureGDP

Socio-economic index

population;- Outward travellers;- Freight within city;- Outward freight

PC

TC

ACTIONS OF (TRANSPORT)ACTIONS OF (TRANSPORT) DATA SHARING


(IGES / CAI-Asia)44

SDI: Spatial Data Infrastructure

GSDI

…topromoteawarenessand

USNSDI

thetechnology,policies,pimplementationofcomplimentarypolicies,

d d d

gy pstandards,andhumanresourcesnecessaryto

icommonstandards,andeffectivemechanismsforthedevelopment of interoperable

acquire,process,store,distribute,andimproveutilization of geospatialdevelopmentofinteroperable

digitalgeographicdataandtechnologiestosupport

utilizationofgeospatialdata

gdecisionmakingatallscalesformultiplepurposes.


(IGES / CAI-Asia)45

Objectives of a Spatial Data Infrastructure

T d f d l TopromoteaccesstoandusageofdigitalgeospatialinformationofvaluetomultipleusersT i di f d bli ToimprovediscoveryofandpublicaccesstoprimarilygovernmentalgeospatialdataresourcesT d d li i f ff Toreduceduplicationofeffortamongcollaboratingorganizationsdeveloping,publishingand building applications on geospatial data andandbuildingapplicationsongeospatialdataandservicesusing open standards and accessible solutions…usingopenstandardsandaccessiblesolutions


(IGES / CAI-Asia)

Spatial Data InfrastructureSpatial Data Infrastructure Organizational commitment and arrangements Organizationalcommitment andarrangementstostand‐upandbuilduponspatialdataandservices within a heterogeneous community ofserviceswithinaheterogeneouscommunityofproducersandusersTh ti l i f ti d it i t ti Thespatialinformation,anditsintegration

Technologies,standards,specificationsfordiscovery,visualization,anduseofprimarilydigitalgeographicinformation


(IGES / CAI-Asia)

Vision of Geospatial One-stop

Tribal UsersNational PolicyCivilian Users

Federal Users

Local Users State Users

Makers

Commercial Users

DoD UsersInternational Users

G ti lOth t d d GeospatialOne-StopPortal

Other standards-based portals

Local Governments State Governments Civilian SectorCommercial Sector

Federal Government Tribal Governments DoD John Moeller (FGDC)2012/2/9 48Transport Sector and NAMAs - Manila

(IGES / CAI-Asia)


(IGES / CAI-Asia)49

Transport Asset Data Integration: The Pennsylvania Experience


(IGES / CAI-Asia)50http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/infrastructure/asstmgmt/dipatoc.cfm


(IGES / CAI-Asia)51

Chinese national standard -urban geospatial dataurban geospatial data

sharingg Basicrequirementsforstandarddataoffundamentalgeographicinformation(GBg g p (21139‐2007)Standard for urban geospatial framework Standardforurbangeospatialframeworkdata(CJJ103‐2004)

Technicalstandard:urbangeospatialinformation infrastructure ‐ sharing serviceinformationinfrastructure sharingservicetechniques (CJ/T384‐2011,from2012‐05‐01)01)


(IGES / CAI-Asia)52

Wuhan: administrative platform for geographic data AGIS‐baseddatasharingplatform Provided by information centre of LRPB for ProvidedbyinformationcentreofLRPBforallmunicipalagenciesTh h d h d k Throughad‐hocadministrativenetwork


(IGES / CAI-Asia)53

ONE MAP SET for planning and management

Administration

Key mapsONEMAPSETSET

Base maps


(IGES / CAI-Asia)54

Liu, 2011

Concluding remarksConcluding remarks Dataisexploding:satelliteimage,traffic… Datafortransportgobeyondthesystemitselfp g y y Greatopportunityexistsforintegratingandstreamlining transport‐related data in a morestreamliningtransport relateddatainamoreefficientway

Effective data usage depend on Effectivedatausagedependon TechnicalimprovementInstitutional cooperation Institutionalcooperation

AjointeffortonONEplatform


(IGES / CAI-Asia)

Zhengdong HuangWuhan UniversityyEmail: [email protected]


(IGES / CAI-Asia)

optimizingtransportdataoptimizing transport data ... · optimizingtransportdataoptimizing transport...

Documents