organelles from cells
TRANSCRIPT
Organelles from Cells
Group 3
PROKARYOTIC ORGANELLES
Plasma (cell) Membrane
• Encloses cytoplasm of cell
• Basically controls what can go and out of the cell (ex. Functions like a bouncer at a club).
• Uses active and passive transport
Nucleoid Region
• Area where DNA is located
• Has nuclear material without actually having a nuclear membrane
• Prokaryotic genome is a circular double-stranded DNA
Ribosomes
• Assembles proteins with information from DNA
Cell Wall
• Rigid outer layer that surrounds the cell membrane
• It protects the cell and maintains its shape
Flagella
• Longer projections that help with locomotion of the cell
Chloroplast
• A plastid that contains chlorophyll
• Chlorophyll is what makes the leaves and plants green
Pili and Fimbriae
• Numerous short projections that help with the attachment of support
Capsule and Cytoplasm
• The capsule is the sticky outer layer over the cell wall; it keeps the cell together
• The cytoplasm is just the cytosol including all the organelles except the nucleus
EUKARYOTIC ORGANELLES
Mitochondria
• Its primary function is to generate energy in the form of ATP
• It also stores calcium for cell signaling activities; generates heat; mediates cell growth and death
Nucleus, Nucleolus and Nuclear Envelope
• The nucleus is the cell’s genetic control center→ consists of a double membrane, nuclear envelope, nuclear pores, chromatin, nucleolus, and nucleoplasm
Chromatin• It’s a stainable substance of the cell nucleus
consisting of DNA, RNA, and various proteins that form chromosomes during cell division
Endoplasmic Reticulum→ Rough & Smooth
• Single continuous membrane with nuclear envelope → serves as a highway for the cell
• Rough ER: covered with ribosomes, major site of protein synthesis
• Smooth ER: lacks ribosomes; it transports, synthesizes lypids, detoxifies, and stores calcium ions
Golgi Apparatus
• Handles export and import of material for the cell
• It stores, packages, sorts and modifies proteins before they are exported
• Considered the UPS of the cell
Centrioles
• Cellular structure that is composed of nine triplet microtubles and forms the asters during mitosis
• Divides in a perpendicular from during mitosis
Microtubles
• They are conveyer belts inside the cells
• They move vesicles, granules, organelles like mitochondria, and chromosomes through a special attachment of proteins
Vacuoles
• Very large in size• Work with
lysosomes for digestion
• Stores food and water as well as wastes and excess water
Microfilaments
• It gives shape to the cell and are involved in the constriction of cytoplasm during divisions in animal cells
Peroxisome
• Breakdown lipids
• Detoxifies alcohols and hydrogen peroxide
Lysosome
• Contain digestive enzymes
• Breakdown cell’s food and wastes