organic chemistry introduction
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Organic Chemistry Introduction. Topic 10.1.9 – 10.1.13. Compounds up to 6 carbon atoms with functional groups (10.1.9). Compounds up to 6 carbon atoms with functional groups (10.1.9-10). Know these 7, only have to recognize the 3 in the. Alcohols: suffix = “anol”. propan-1-ol. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Organic Chemistry IntroductionTopic 10.1.9 – 10.1.13
Functional Group
Formula Structural Formula
Alcohol -OH - O – H
Aldehyde -COH (on the end of a chain)
O- C – H
Ketone -CO- (can’t be on end of chain)
O- C –
Carboxylic Acid
-COOH (on the end of a chain)
O- C – O – H
Halide -Br, -Cl, -F, -I - X
Compounds up to 6 carbon atoms with functional groups (10.1.9)
Compounds up to 6 carbon atoms with functional groups (10.1.9-10)
Functional Group
Formula Suffix (or Prefix)
Alcohol -OH -ol
Aldehyde -COH -al
Ketone -CO- -one
Carboxylic Acid
-COOH -oic acid
Halide -Br, -Cl, -F, -I bromo-,chloro-, fluoro-,iodo-
Know these 7, only have to recognize the
3 in the
Alcohols: suffix = “anol”
propan-1-ol
propan-2-ol
2-methyl propan-2-ol
propanal
Note: an aldeyhde group is always on an end carbon so don’t need a number
butandianal
Aldehydes: suffix = “anal”
propanone(don’t need C#, must be in between two carbons)
butanone(don’t need C#, must be in between two carbons)
2-pentanone orpenta-2-one
Ketones: suffix = “anone”
butandione
pentan-3-one
butanoic acid
Note: a carboxyl is always on an end carbon
propandioic acid
Carboxylic Acids: suffix = “anoic acid”
1-bromopropane
2-chlorobutane
1,2-diiodoethane
1,2-difluoroethene
1,2-difluoroethene
1,1,2-trifluorothene
Halides: prefixes = “fluoro, chloro, bromo, iodo”
Functional Group
Formula
Amine - NH2
Ester OR – C – O – R
Benzene
Only identify the following functional groups in structures: (10.1.11)
• with reference to the carbon that is directly bonded to an alcohol group or a halogen:– Primary = carbon atom is only bonded
to one other carbon– Secondary = carbon atom is bonded to
two other carbons– Tertiary = carbon atom is bonded to
three other carbons
10.1.12 Identify primary, secondary and tertiary carbon atoms in alcohols (-OH) and halogenoalkanes (-F, -Cl, -Br, -I)
• Volatility: how easily a substance turns into a gas– the weaker the intermolecular force, the
more volatile it is – from strongest to weakest
– ionic › hydrogen bonding › dipole-dipole › van der Wall’s
– therefore volatility…– alkane (only Van der Wall’s) ›
halogenoalkane › aldehyde › ketone › amine › alcohol (H bonding) › carboxylic acid (H bonding)
10.1.13 Discuss the volatility and solubility in water of compounds containing the functional groups listed in10.1.9.
Boiling Points
• Solubility: a solute’s ability to dissolve in a polar solvent (water)– the more polar a substance is, the
more soluble it is–solubility decreases as chain length
increases–smaller alcohols, aldehydes,
ketones & carboxylic acids are typically soluble• they are all polar as is water