organic compounds: proteins. basic overview contain nitrogen, carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen contain...
TRANSCRIPT
Organic Compounds:
Proteins
Basic Overview
contain nitrogen, carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen
Water is the most abundant molecule in the body
Proteins are the 2nd most abundant!
Amino Acids = building blocks!
All proteins are made of amino acids– Amino acids = building blocks =
monomers– 20 essential amino acids
peptide bond- the bond that holds amino acids together to form a protein– Peptides = chains of amino acids
A single protein can be made of hundreds or thousands of amino acids
The human body has ~100,000 different proteins!
Protein StructureAll proteins have a unique
shape–amino acid chain twists and turns
to create a specialized shape–amino acid order determines
protein shapeorder changes => shape
changes => protein cannot function!!!
Functions Control cell activities & chemical
reactions (enzymes)– cell metabolism– Metabolism = all reactions involved in
OBTAINING and USING ENERGY cellular transport immune system function muscle function structure
– tissues and organs– hair, nails, horns, hoofs, etc.
What are Enzymes?very important proteinsonly found in living thingschange the rate of a
chemical reaction–also called catalysts–can speed up reactions–control metabolic processes
Why are Enzymes Important?help make materials needed
by cells release energy transfer informationalso involved in chemical
reactions of digestion, reproduction, respiration, vision, movement, thought, etc.
Factors that Affect Enzymes Enzyme activity can be affected
by:– temperature– pH
Cells must maintain homeostasis of pH and temperature for enzymes to work best!
All enzymes have optimal (BEST) pH levels and temperatures that work fastest at!
pH
Temperature
Nucleic Acids
Structure
composed of the elements carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, and phosphorus
Built from nucleotidesVery large and complex!
Nucleotides
Nucleotides = Building blocks of nucleic acids = monomers
Consist of three basic parts:5-carbon sugar (a carbohydrate)
phosphate groupnitrogenous base
Functions Two basic types:
RNA = ribonucleic acidcontains the sugar riboseInvolved in making proteins
DNA = deoxyribonucleic acidcontains the sugar deoxyribosegenetic information Blueprints/instructions for life!