organizational development ppt

7/28/2019 Organizational Development Ppt

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TRADITIONAL VS. NONTRADITIONALORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURES



ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTUREThe arrangement of positions in an

organization and the authority andresponsibility relationships amongthem



TRADITIONAL ORGANIZATIONSHave formally defined roles for the members

Stable and resistant to change

Work behavior tends to be regulated and kept within organizational guidelines and standards

Also called mechanistic or bureaucratic

structuresCharacterized by an authority hierarchy that is

represented in the organizational chart



Chain of Command – number of authority levels in an organization

Span of Control – number of workers who

must report to a single supervisorTall organizational structure – long chain of command; narrow span of control

Flat organizational structure – short chain of command; wide span of control



TRADITIONAL ORGANIZATIONAL

STRUCTURESBureaucracy – typified by a well-defined authority

hierarchy and strict rules governing work behavior

- establishes order in the work setting and increasesproductivity by reducing inefficiencies

Characteristics:

Specialization of labor; well-defined authority hierarchy;

formal rules and procedures; impersonality;employment decisions based on merit; and emphasison written records



Line-staff organizational structure – composed of one group of employees who achieve the goals of the organization and another group who supportsthem

Line – employees engaged directly in tasks thataccomplish its goals

Staff – employees with work descriptions designed

to support the line



NONTRADITIONAL

ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURES

Team organization – consisting of a team

of members organized around aparticular project or product

Project task force – workers who are

assembled temporarily to complete aspecific job or project



CONTINGENCY MODELS OF ORGANIZATIONAL

STRUCTURE

Work technology – for maximal performanceorganizational structure needed to match the type of production technology (small batch production, massproduction, and continuous-process production)

External environment – the organization is affected by external factors

differentiation – complexity of an organization’s structure

that is based on the number of units, the orientations of managers, and the goals and interests of members

integration – the amount and quality of collaborationamong the division of an organization



ORGANIZATIONAL CULTUREShared values, beliefs, assumptions, and patterns of

behavior within an organization.

SOCIETAL INFLUENCES1. Individualism vs. Collectivsm

2. Power distance

3. Masculinity vs. Femininity

4. Uncertainty avoidance

5. Long term vs. Short tem orientation



ORGANIZATIONAL DEVELOPMENT

(OD)The process of assisting organizations in preparing

for and managing change.

Change agent-OD practitioner/ catalyst who helpsorganizations through the process of change

Action research-OD methodological model thatapplies social research methods to collecting

relevant organizational data that are used forsolving organizational problems



ORGANIZATIONAL DEVELOPMENT

TECHNIQUESSurvey feedback – the consultant works with the

organization to develop and administer a survey instrument to collect data that are fed back toorganizational members and used as the starting pointfor change

T-groups – uses unstructured group interaction to assist workers in achieving insight into their ownmotivations and behavior patterns in dealing withother organizational members



Team building – teams of workers discuss how to improve

team performance by analyzing group interactionProcess consultation – a consultant helps a client-

organization study its problems objectively and learn tosolve them

Management by objectives – goal-setting OD technique in which supervisors and subordinates jointly setperformance goals; at the end of the goal period, theirattainment is evaluated and new goals are set

Quality circles – small groups of volunteer employees fromthe same work area who meet regularly to solve work-related problems

organizational development ppt

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