organizing the periodic table ch. 5.1. truefalsestatementtruefalse mendeleev made the periodic table...
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ORGANIZING THE PERIODIC TABLE
Ch. 5.1
True False Statement True False
Mendeleev made the periodic table from a deck of cards
Periodic elements mass increase by columns
Properties of elements are the same by rows
Lavoisier arranged the periodic table by metals, nonmetals, gases
and earths
Mendeleev’s periodic predictions were true
Search for Order
1750 Only 17 elements
1789 Lavoisier grouped
into Metals, nonmetals,
gases and earths
No good method yet found
Mendeleev's Periodic Table
1860’s 63 elements Deck of cards
arrangement for students
Periodic Table- arrangement of elements in columns based on a set of properties that repeat from row to row
Arranged elements into rows of increasing mass
Elements with similar properties were in the same column
Mendeleev
Used properties of elements near blanks to predict properties of undiscovered elements
Close match between his predictions and actual new elements showed how correct his table was
Predictions Evidence
THE MODERN PERIODIC TABLE
Ch. 5.2
True False Statement True False
Periods are rows, arranged by increasing energy levels
Groups are columns, and have similar electron configurations
Metalloids have properties unlike metals and nonmetals
Elements are more metallic left to right
Transition metals are a combination of metals found in nature
The Periodic Law
Elements are arranged by INCREASING atomic #(# of ______)
Periodic Law
Rows # of elements per
period varies due to orbitals
Columns Same group=
similar properties Electron
Configuration
Periods Groups
Classes of Elements
State at room temperature Solid, liquid or gas
Occurring Naturally or not 1-92 natural 93+ not natural
General properties Metal, nonmetal, metalloid
Metals
Good conductors of electricity
Solid, except Hg Malleable Ductile- made
into thin wire
Transition metals Form compounds
with distinctive colors
Nonmetals
Poor conductors of electricity
Gas at room temp If not, very brittle
F most reactive Group 18 least
reactive
Metalloids
Mixture of properties Metals, and
nonmetals Varies with
temperature
Variation Across Periods
REPRESENTATIVE GROUPS
Ch. 5.3
True False Statement True False
Elements in groups have a different # of valance electrons
Alkali Metals are group 1, and include hydrogen
The nitrogen group is often used for fertilizer
Halogens have 6 valance electrons
The reactivity of metals increases from top to bottom
Valance Electrons
Lewis Dot Structure
Electron located in the highest energy level
Increase left to right
Elements in groups have similar properties due to same # of valance electrons
Groups/Families:
8 Total- going down columns
Alkali Metals
Group 1A 1 Valance Electron VERY Reactive
Reactivity increases from top to bottom Found in nature
Only as compounds
Alkaline Earth Metals
Group 2A 2 Valance Electrons Reactivity
How they react with water
Boron Family
Group 3A 3 Valance Electrons Al- most abundant metal on Earth
Carbon Family
Group 4A 4 Valance Electrons Contains
nonmetal- C 2 metaloids – Si, Ge 2 metals – Sn, Pb
Except for H2O, most compounds in the body contain C
Nitrogen Family
Group 5A 5 Valance Electrons Contains
2 nonmetals – N, P 2 metaloids – As, Sb 1 metal – Bi
Oxygen Family
Group 6A 6 Valance Electrons Contains
3 nonmetals – O, S, Se 2 metaloids – Te, Po
O is most abundant element in Earths crust
Halogens
Group 7A 7 Valance Electrons Physical properties- different Chemical Properties- similar
Highly reactive nonmetals Fl is most reactive React easily with metals
Noble Gases
Group 8A 8 Valance Electrons, except He(2) Odorless, extremely un-reactive
Transition Metals
able to put more than eight electrons in the shell that is one in from the outermost shell Sc has a configuration of 2-8-9-2
able to put up to 32 electrons in their second to last shell Au has an organization of 2-8-18-32-18-1
Transition Metals
Rare Earth or inner transition
Found naturally in Earth
Reactive, ionic
Radioactive Metals tarnish
when met with air
Lanthanide Actinide
Websites
http://www.funbrain.com/periodic/index.html
http://www.privatehand.com/flash/elements.html