The Periodic TableThe Periodic Table

The Father of the Periodic TableThe Father of the Periodic Table—Dmitri Mendeleev—Dmitri Mendeleev

Mendeleev (1834-1907) was the first Mendeleev (1834-1907) was the first scientist to notice a relationship scientist to notice a relationship between the elementsbetween the elements

Around 1865 he arranged his periodic Around 1865 he arranged his periodic table by atomic masstable by atomic mass

Dmitri Mendeleev

The Periodic TableThe Periodic TableHenry Moseley Henry Moseley

(1887-1915) later (1887-1915) later discovered that the discovered that the periodic nature of periodic nature of the elements was the elements was associated with associated with atomic number, not atomic number, not atomic mass.atomic mass.

The Periodic TableThe Periodic Table

Column = Group or Family

18 columns on the Periodic

Table

Row = Period7 rows on the Periodic Table

What does the information in What does the information in the box tell me?the box tell me?

11

HH1.0081.008

Atomic Number = # of protons and # of electrons

Atomic Mass = # of

protons plus

neutrons

Elemental

Symbol

Coloring the Coloring the Periodic Table Periodic Table

FamiliesFamilies

Some images are from Some images are from www.chem4kids.com

Table # 1 States of MatterTable # 1 States of Matter

SOLIDS

LIQUIDS

GASES

Metals, Nonmetals, and Metals, Nonmetals, and MetalloidsMetalloids

Metals are to the left of the

stair- step

Hydrogen (H) the only

nonmetal on the metal

side

Nonmetals are on the right of the

stair-step

Semi-metals, “metalloids,”touch the stair-step

Properties of MetalsProperties of MetalsPhysical PropertiesPhysical Properties

ShininessShininessMalleabiltyMalleabiltyDuctilityDuctilityConductivityConductivityHigh Melting PointsHigh Melting Points

Properties of NonmetalsProperties of NonmetalsPhysical PropertiesPhysical Properties

(Lacks most of the properties of a Metal)(Lacks most of the properties of a Metal)DullDullBrittleBrittlePoor ConductorsPoor ConductorsMost are gases at room temperatureMost are gases at room temperature

Properties of MetalloidsProperties of MetalloidsPhysical Properties:Physical Properties:

(Have characteristics of both metals and (Have characteristics of both metals and nonmetals)nonmetals)

All are solids at room temperatureAll are solids at room temperatureBrittleBrittleHardHard

Table # 2, 3 Main GroupsTable # 2, 3 Main Groups

METALS

METALLOIDS

NONMETALS

Families on the Periodic TableFamilies on the Periodic Table Elements on the periodic table can be Elements on the periodic table can be

grouped into families bases on their grouped into families bases on their chemicalchemical properties. properties.

Each family has a Each family has a specific name specific name to to differentiate it from the other families differentiate it from the other families in the periodic table.in the periodic table.

Elements in each family Elements in each family reactreact differently with differently with other elements.other elements.

ALKALI METALSALKALI METALSGroup 1Group 1Hydrogen is Hydrogen is notnot a member, it is a a member, it is a

non-metalnon-metal1 electron in the outer shell1 electron in the outer shellSoft and silvery metalsSoft and silvery metalsVeryVery reactive, esp. with water reactive, esp. with waterConduct electricityConduct electricityNever found as pure elements/ only Never found as pure elements/ only

compounds!compounds!

ALKALINE EARTH METALSALKALINE EARTH METALSGroup 2Group 2 2 electrons in the outer shell2 electrons in the outer shell White and malleableWhite and malleable Reactive, but less than Alkali Reactive, but less than Alkali

metalsmetals Conduct electricityConduct electricity Usually found as compoundsUsually found as compounds

TRANSITION METALSTRANSITION METALSGroups in the Groups in the

middle middle

Good conductors of Good conductors of heat and electricity.heat and electricity.

Some are used for Some are used for jewelry.jewelry.

Can bond with many Can bond with many elements in a variety elements in a variety of shapes. of shapes.

BORON FAMILY BORON FAMILY

Group 3Group 33 electrons in 3 electrons in

the outer shellthe outer shellMost are Most are

metalsmetalsBoron is a Boron is a

metalloidmetalloid

CARBON FAMILY CARBON FAMILY Group 4Group 44 electrons in 4 electrons in

the outer shellthe outer shellContains Contains

metals, metals, metalloids, and metalloids, and a a non-metalnon-metal Carbon (C)Carbon (C)

NITROGEN FAMILY NITROGEN FAMILY Group 5Group 5 5 electrons in the 5 electrons in the

outer shellouter shell Can share Can share

electrons to form electrons to form compoundscompounds

Contains metals, Contains metals, metalloids, and metalloids, and non-metalsnon-metals

OXYGEN FAMILY OXYGEN FAMILY Group 6Group 66 electrons in 6 electrons in

the outer shellthe outer shellContains Contains

metals, metals, metalloids, and metalloids, and non-metalsnon-metals

ReactiveReactive

HalogensHalogensGroup 7Group 7 7 electrons in the 7 electrons in the

outer shellouter shell All are All are non-non-

metalsmetalsVery reactive Very reactive

are often bonded are often bonded with elements with elements from Group 1from Group 1

Noble GasesNoble GasesGroup 8Group 8Exist as gasesExist as gasesNon-metalsNon-metals8 electrons in the 8 electrons in the

outer shell = Fullouter shell = FullNot reactive with Not reactive with

other elementsother elements

Rare Earth MetalsRare Earth MetalsSome are Some are

RadioactiveRadioactiveThe rare earths The rare earths

are silver, are silver, silvery-white, or silvery-white, or gray metals. gray metals.

Conduct Conduct electricityelectricity

LanthanidesLanthanidesActinidesActinides

Table # 3 The FamiliesTable # 3 The Families