original case book jack the ripper

8/12/2019 Original Case Book Jack the Ripper

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Witnesses

Joseph Allen

Police Constable Joseph Allen, 423H

Witness at Alice McKenzie's inquest.

Born c.1853, Saltash, Cornwall. Married to Anne (b.1852) with onedaughter, Caroline (b.188)!1". #arrant $o. %&8'%.!2"

C Allens beat too* hi+ through Castle Alle on the night o- Mcen/ies+urder and at around 12.20a+ he aused -or a snac* at the eact sotwhere the bod was -ound ust thirt +inutes later. Allen testi-ied thathe saw nothing out o- the ordinar at the ti+e.

Allens testi+on was ta*en at the in4uest on 1 ul 188'6

Police-constable Joseph Allen, 423 H, deposed, - Last night I was inCastle-alley. It was then 20 in!tes past "2 when I passed th#o!gh. Iwas th#o!gh the alley se$e#al ties. I #eained the#e %o# %i$e in!tes. Iente#ed the alley th#o!gh the a#chway in &hitechapel-#oad. I hadsoething to eat !nde# the lap whe#e the deceased was %o!nd. Ha$ing#eained in the alley %o# %i$e in!tes, I went into &entwo#th-st#eet.'he#e was neithe# an no# woan the#e. 'he#e we#e wagons in the

alley - two #ight !nde#neath the lap.

(Co#one#) &o!ld yo! swea# the#e was no one in the wagons* - I wo!ldnot swea# to that, as I did not loo+ into the one o% the wagons was anopen one. $e#ything was $e#y !iet at the tie. 'he bac+s o% soe o%the ho!ses in /ewcastle-st#eet %aced the alley, and in soe o% the !ppe#windows we#e lights. 'hat was not an !n!s!al thing at that tie. Icannot say i% any o% the windows we#e open. /o so!nds cae %#o thoseho!ses. n lea$ing the alley I et Constable &alte# And#ews, 212 H, in&entwo#th-st#eet. It was abo!t "00 ya#ds %#o the alley whe#e I et

And#ews. I spo+e to And#ews, who then went towa#ds oldston-st#eet.(o!lston t#eet)

(Co#one#) How did yo! %i the tie* - I loo+ed at y watch. It was"2530 when I le%t the alley. At the end is a p!blicho!se - the 'h#eeC#owns - and as I passed the landlo#d was sh!tting !p the ho!se. A%te#lea$ing And#ews I went towa#ds Coe#cial-st#eet and et e#geant6adla, (6adha) 3" H, who told e a woan had been %o!nd


2/77

!#de#ed in Castle-alley, and he di#ected e to go to the station. &henthe se#geant spo+e to e it was %i$e in!tes to ", and " o7cloc+ when Igot to the station.!3"

A short su++ar o- .C. Allens testi+on aears in a reort -iled b

Suerintendent 7ho+as Arnold and dated 1 ul 188'6

P.C. 423H Allen passed th#o!gh the Alley at "2.30 a.. and #eained!nde# the lap, eactly whe#e the body was %o!nd, %o# %i$e in!teswhilst pa#ta+ing o% his s!ppe#, he neithe# saw o# hea#d any pe#son in thealley.!&"

Mararet !ran"lin

!rien# o$ Alice McKenzie an# a %itness at her inquest.

Margaret ran*lin, a widow and lodger at the #hite 9ouse, 5% lowerand :ean Street, aeared on the second da o- the Mcen/ie in4uest.She stated6

I ha$e +nown the deceased %o# "8 yea#s. 6etween ""530 and "2 o7cloc+on '!esday night I saw the deceased and was spea+ing to he#. I wassitting with two othe#s on the steps o% a ho!se at the top o% 9lowe# and

:ean-st#eet. :eceased was passing and going in the di#ection o% 6#ic+-lane and &hitechapel. &e echanged a %ew wo#ds. I do not thin+ shewas !nde# the in%l!ence o% d#in+. I ha$e o%ten seen he# o!t as late asthat, as she did doestic wo#+ %o# the Jews. I did not see he# spea+ toanyone in 6#ic+-lane on '!esday night. 'he only nae I +new he# bywas Alice. I +new she was li$ing in !n-st#eet with a an that I +new bythe nae o% 6#yant. It was the sae one that ga$e e$idence yeste#day.I ha$e ne$e# seen he# tal+ing with othe# en. he wo#+ed ha#d %o# the

Jews and they do not gi$e !ch. It had ;!st beg!n to #ain whendeceased passed.!1"

7he two other wo+en resent were Catherine 9ughes and SarahMahone.

ran*lin also ga;e a state+ent to Sergeant earse C


3/77

"4 o# "8 yea#s in the neighbo!#hood I cannot say i% she was a##ied,b!t she !sed to li$e with a blind an, I ha$e only +nown he# as 7Alice7.

I was sitting on a doo#-step in 6#ic+ Lane on '!esday "


4/77

>sse, a-ter which three -urther children were born, two na+ed =lads,both o- who+ died in in-anc, and a third b the na+e o- $ellie who wasborn on 21st Aril 18'2. sse had ta*en lace in 18'0 or 18'1, but the older =lads was born inher +others ho+e ;illage o- Coggeshall on 1&th August 188', so it isli*el to ha;e ta*en lace considerabl earlier. B 1'01, the -a+il wererecorded as li;ing at 1' Sta+well Street, though Albert is +issing.9owe;er, Alice is listed as +arried, as oosed to widow. ntil ;errecentl nothing +ore was *nown o- Albert Cadosch, but recent researchhas unco;ered his later histor.

?n 2%th Aril 18'3, at St Andrews Do+an Catholic Church in $ewcastleEuonE7ne, a +an b the na+e o- Albert Cadosch, a haw*er, whoclai+ed to be a 23EearEold bachelor, +arried >li/abeth Stobart. 7his+ans stated age is a decade ounger than the Albert Cadosch who ga;ee;idence at the Cha+an in4uest would ha;e been, but the na+e o- thebridegroo+s -ather is re;ealing6 @aul Cadosch E deceased@. ?ccuation6@=lass F China Merchant@. ngland and entered into a biga+ous+arriage. Albert F >li/abeth had one child together E also na+ed Albert Eher -irst and his ninth.Charles Albert Cadosch died in a $ewcastle

in-ir+ar on 13th March 18'%, the cause o- death, recorded as @MitralDegurgitation, Aorta Degurgitation, :ilated le-t Gentricle@ was +assi;eheart -ailure in la+ans ter+s. 9e was three +onths short o- his 3%thbirthda, but his age is shown as 28. 9is oung son sur;i;ed hi+ b onla -ew +onths.


5/77

Mrs. !i##&ont

(n$or&ant.

Mrs. idd+ont was the wi-e o- the rorietor o- the rince Albert ubwhich stood at the corner o- Brush-ield Street and Steward Street.

She stated that at a+ on 8th Sete+ber 1888, soon a-ter the death o-Annie Cha+an, she was standing in the -irst co+art+ent o- the bartal*ing with her -riend Mar Chaell. A +an entered the ub (in the+iddle co+art+ent) whose aearance -rightened her. 9e waswearing a brown sti-- hat, a dar* coat, and no waistcoatH his hat wasulled down o;er his ees and with his -ace artl concealed he as*ed -orhal- a int o- -our ale. She ser;ed the drin* whilst loo*ing at hi+through the +irror at the bac* o- the bar. As soon as he saw MarChaell watching hi+ -ro+ the other co+art+ent, he turned his bac*and got the artition between hi+sel- and her. Mrs. idd+ont wasstruc* b the -act that there were blood sots on the bac* o- his righthand. She also noticed that his shirt was torn. 7he +an dran* the beer inone gul and i++ediatel le-t.!1"

Mar Chaell -ollowed the +an into Brush-ield Street and noting that hewas heading in the direction o- Bishosgate, ointed hi+ out to a

bstander, oseh 7alor.Mrs. idd+ont, Chaell and 7alor later attended two identit arades,the -irst including susect #illia+ iggott and the second with ohni/er.


6/77


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)he *icti&s o$ Jac" the +ipperBelow is a list o- ;icti+s belie;ed to ha;e been *illed at the hands o- ac*the Dier. Although +an on the list ha;e been disregarded b +ostDierologists, the are included here -or ou to -or+ulate our ownoinion on their ;icti+ status.7here are -i;e ;icti+s that ha;e historicall been @generall acceted@ as;icti+s o- ac* the Dier. 7hese -i;e are o-ten re-ered to as the@canonical@ ;icti+s. But there were +an other grisl +urders that ca+ebe-ore and a-ter these canonical -i;e which so+e theorists o;er the earsha;e argued should be included as genuine ;icti+s o- ac* the Dier.

Mar Ann ichols

Mortuar hotograh o- Mar Ann $ichols.

Born Mar Ann #al*er on August 2%, 18&5 in :awes Court, Shoe ane,o-- leet Street. She was christened in or so+e ears be-ore 1851. At theti+e o- her death the >ast ondon ?bser;er guessed her age at 30E35.At the in4uest her -ather said @she was nearl && ears o- age, but it+ust be owned that she loo*ed ten ears ounger.@

!eatures

52@ tallH brown eesH dar* co+leionH brown hair turning greH -i;e-ront teeth +issing (Du+below)H two botto+Eone to -ront (ido), herteeth are slightl discoloured. She is described as ha;ing s+all, delicate-eatures with high chee*bones and gre ees. She has a s+all scar onher -orehead -ro+ a childhood inur.


8/77

She is described b >+il 9olland as @a ;er clean wo+an who alwassee+ed to *ee to hersel-.@ 7he doctor at the ost +orte+ re+ar*ed onthe cleanliness o- her thighs. She is also an alcoholic.

Histor

ather6 >dward #al*er (Blac*s+ith, -or+erl a loc*s+ith). 9e has grahair and beard and, as a s+ith, was robabl ower-ull built. At theti+e o- olls death he is li;ing at 1% Maidswood Dd., Ca+berwell.

Mother6 Caroline.

oll +arried #illia+ $ichols on anuar 1%, 18%&. She would ha;e beenabout 22 ears old. 7he +arriage is er-or+ed b Charles Marshall, Gicaro- Saint Brides arish Church and witnessed b Seth =eorge 9a;ell and

Sarah =ood.

#illia+ $ichols is in the e+lo o- Messrs. er*ins, Bacon F Co.,#hite-riars Dd. and li;ing at Cogburg Dd. o-- ?ld ent Doad at the ti+eo- his wi-es death.

7he coule ha;e -i;e children. >dward ohn, born 18%%H erc =eorge,18%8H Alice >sther, 180H >li/a Sarah, 18 and 9enr Al-red born in18'. 7he oldest, 21 in 1888, is li;ing with his grand-ather (olls-ather) at the ti+e o- her death. 9e had le-t ho+e in 1880 according to

his -ather, on his own accord. 7he other children continued to li;e with$ichols.

#illia+ and oll brie-l lodged in Bou;erie Street then +o;ed in withher -ather at 131 7ra-algar Street -or about ten ears. 7he send siears, (no dates) at $o. % : bloc*, eabod Buildings, Sta+-ord Street,Blac*-riars Dd. 7here the are aing a rent o- 5 shillings, % ence erwee*.


9/77

was li;ing as a co++on rostitute. At the ti+e o- her death, he had notseen his wi-e in three ears.

olls -ather sread the stor that the searation had co+e about due to#illia+ ha;ing an a--air with the nurse who too* care o- oll during her

last con-ine+ent. #illia+ does not den that he had an a--air but statesthat it was not the cause o- her lea;ing. @7he wo+an le-t +e -our or -i;eti+es, i- not si.@ 9e clai+s that the a--air too* lace a-ter oll le-t.7here is ob;ious dishar+on in the -a+il as the eldest son would ha;enothing to do with his -ather at his +others -uneral.

A-ter the searation, oll begins a sad litan o- +o;ing -ro+ wor*houseto wor*house.

4>24>?2-">"?>?3EE a+beth #or*house

">"?>?3-">20>?3EE a+beth ?3 EE She is li;ing with her -ather in Ca+berwell. 9etesti-ies at the in4uest into her death that she was @a dissolute characterand drun*ard who+ he *new would co+e to a bad end.@ 9e -ound hernot a sober erson but not in the habit o- staing out late at night. 9erdrin*ing caused -riction and the argued. 9e clai+s that he had not

thrown her out but she le-t the net +orning.

8>2">?3-2>?3EE a+beth #or*house

2>?3-"0>2?1EE She is said to ha;e been li;ing with a +an na+ed7ho+as :ew, a blac*s+ith, with a sho in Ior* Mews, 15 Ior* St.,#alworth. 2?1-"2>2>?1EE Strand #or*house, >d+onton

"2>2>?1-"2>"@>?1EE a+beth #or*house

n "2>2>?1 It is said that she was ca!ght =sleeping #o!gh in the openB=in '#a%alga# !a#e. he was %o!nd to be destit!te and with no eans o%s!stenance and was sent on to Labeth &o#+ho!se.


10/77

"2>"@>?1-"2>2@>?1EE a+beth #or*house

"2>2@>?1-">4>??EE $o record

">4>??-4>"??EE Mitcha+ #or*house, 9olborn and 9olborn "??-8>"2>?? EE a+beth #or*house.


11/77

?>">??-?>2>??EE =ras +il 9olland. 7he roo+ isdescribed as being surrisingl neat. 7he rice o- the roo+ is &d ernight.

?n 8J2&J88 oll +o;es to a lodging house *nown as the #hite 9ouse at5% lower and :ean Street.


12/77

+inutes. oll lea;es wal*ing east down #hitechael Doad.

C $eil disco;ers $ichols bod in Buc*s Dow, -ro+ 9ao!s C#ies Past and P#esent, 1'03.

At the ti+e, the ser;ices o- a destitute rostitute li*e oll $ichols couldbe had -or 2 or 3 ence or a stale loa- o- bread. 3 ence was the goingrate as that was the rice o- a large glass o- gin.

35"8 AEE C ohn 7hain, '%, asses down Buc*s Dow on his beat. 9esees nothing unusual. At aroi+atel the sa+e ti+e Sgt. erb assesdown Buc*s Dow and reorts the sa+e.

3540 o# 3548 AEE oll $ichols bod is disco;ered in Buc*s Dow bCharles Cross, a car+an, on his wa to wor* at ic*-ords in the CitDoad., and Dobert aul who oins hi+ at his re4uest. @Co+e and loo*o;er here, theres a wo+an.@ Cross calls to aul. Cross belie;es she isdead. 9er hands and -ace are cold but the ar+s abo;e the elbow andlegs are still war+. aul belie;es he -eels a -aint heartbeat. @< thin* shes

breathing,@ he sas @but it is little i- she is.@

7he two +en agree that the do not want to be late -or wor* and a-terarranging $ichols s*irts to gi;e her so+e decenc, decide to alert the-irst olice o--icer the +eet on their wa. 7he e;entuall +eet Conas Mi/en at the unction o- 9anbur Street and Ba*ers Dow and tellhi+ o- their -ind.


13/77


14/77

Brown stas (short) lannel drawers Mens elastic (sring) sided boots with the uers cut and steel tis on

the heelsossessions6

Co+b #hite oc*et hand*erchie- Bro*en iece o- +irror (a ri/ed ossession in a lodging house)?bser;ations o- :r. Dees Dalh lewelln uon arri;al at Buc*s row at&600 AM on the +orning o- August 31st. A-ter onl a brie- ea+ination o-the bod he ronounced oll $ichols dead. 9e noted that there was awine glass and a hal- o- blood in the gutter at her side but clai+ed thathe had no doubt that she had been *illed where she la.


15/77

and at the +ortuar he is shown the bod and the etent o- the+utilations.

#ith all o- her -aults $ichols see+s to ha;e been wellEli*ed b all who*new her. At the in4uest her -ather sas, @< dont thin* she had an

ene+ies, she was too good -or that.@

Mar Ann $ichols gra;e.

!uneral

Mar Ann @oll@ $ichols was buried on 7hursda, % Sete+ber, 1888.

7hat a-ternoon, oll was transorted in a olished el+ co--in to Mr9enr S+ith, 9anbur Street underta*er. 7he cortege consisted o- thehearse and two +ourning coaches, which carried >dward #al*er, #illia+$ichols, and >dward ohn $ichols. oll was buried at Cit o- ondonCe+eter (ittle 12, (ublic) gra;e 21052 (on the edge o- the currentMe+orial =arden).

7he -uneral eenses were aid -or b >dward #al*er (olls -ather),#illia+ $ichols (olls eEhusband), and >dward ohn $ichols (ollsson).


16/77

:eath certi-icate o- Mar Ann $ichols.

Annie Chap&an a"a ar" Annie, Annie /i$$e, /ie0e or /i00e

6o#n5Annie >li/a S+ith in Sete+ber 18&1.

9athe#5 =eorge S+ith o- 9arrow Doad. :escribed on the +arriage

certi-icate as a ri;ate, 2nd Battalion o- i-eguards. At the ti+e o- hisdeath he was listed as a ser;ant.

othe#5Duth Cha+an o- Mar*et Street.

Annies arents were +arried on ebruar 22, 18&2, % +onths a-terAnnie was born. 7he +arriage too* lace in addington.

She had three sisters, >+il atitia (b.18&&), =eorgina (b.185%) andMiriu+ Duth (b.1858). A brother, ountain S+ith was born in 18%1. 7hesisters aeared not to get along with Annie.

escription1

5 tall & ears old at ti+e o- death allid co+leion Blue ees :ar* brown wa; hair


17/77

>cellent teeth (ossibl two +issing in lower aw) Strongl built (stout) 7hic* nose She was underEnourished and su--ering -ro+ a chronic disease o- the

lungs (tuberculosis) and brain tissue.


18/77

death in 18'3. +il Duth died o- +eningitisat the age o- twel;e.

Annie and ohn searated b +utual consent in 188& or 1885. 7hereason is uncertain. A olice reort sas it was because o- her @drun*enand i++oral was.@ She was arrested se;eral ti+es in #indsor -ordrun*enness and it is belie;ed her husband was also a hea; drin*er.

ohn Cha+an se+iEregularl aid his wi-e 10 shillings er wee* b ost

?--ice order until his death on Christ+as da in 188%. At the ti+e o- hisdeath he was li;ing at =ro;e Doad, #indsor. 9e died o- cirrhosis o- theli;er and dros. Annie -ound out about his death through her brotherEinElaw who li;ed in ?-ord Street, #hitechael. ?n telling A+elia al+erabout it she cried. al+er said that e;en two ears later she see+eddowncast when sea*ing o- her children and how @since the death o- herhusband she see+ed to ha;e gi;en awa all together.@

So+eti+e during 188% she was li;ing with a sie;e +a*er na+ed ohnSi;;e (un*nown whether this is a nic*na+e or not) at the co++onlodging house at 30 :orset Street, Sital-ields. 9e le-t her soon a-ter herhusbands death, robabl when the +one stoed co+ing. 9e +o;edto $otting 9ill.

ro+ Ma or une 1888, Annie was li;ing consistentl at Crossingha+sodging 9ouse at 35 :orset Street, Sital-ields, which catered -oraroi+atel 300 eole. 7he deut was 7i+oth :ono;an.

More recentl, Annie had been ha;ing a relationshi with >dwardStanle, a bric*laers +ate, *nown as the ensioner. At the ti+e o-

Annies death he was li;ing at 1 ?sborn lace, #hitechael. 9e clai+edto be a +e+ber o- the +ilitar but later ad+itted that he was not andwas not drawing a ension -ro+ an +ilitar unit.

Stanle and Annie sent wee*ends together at Crossingha+s. Stanleinstructed :ono;an to turn Annie awa i- she tried to enter with another+an. 9e o-ten aid -or Annies bed as well as that o- >li/a Cooer. 7hesent Saturdas and Sundas together, arting between 1600 and 3600


19/77

AM on Sundas. Stanle said that he had *nown Annie in #indsor.

Annie didnt ta*e to rostitution until a-ter her husbands death. rior tothat she li;ed o-- the allowance he sent her and wor*ed doing crochetEwor* and selling -lowers.

dward Stanle returns a-ter ha;ing been awa since August %. 9e+eets Annie at the corner o- Brush-ield Street.

So+eti+e close to this date, Annie has a -ight with >li/a Cooer. 7he-ight has se;eral di--erent tellings but all re;ol;e around >dward Stanle.

An argu+ent brea*s out in the Britannia ublic 9ouse between >li/aCooer and Annie. Also resent are Stanle and 9arr the 9aw*er.Cooer is Annies ri;al -or the a--ections o- Stanle. Cooer struc* her,gi;ing her a blac* ee and bruising her breast.

7he cause is alternatel gi;en as6

Cha+an noticed Cooer al+ing a -lorin belonging to 9arr, who wasdrun*, and relacing it with a enn. Cha+an +entions this to 9arrand otherwise calls attention to Cooers deceit. Cooer sas she struc*Annie in the ub on Sete+ber 2nd.

A+elia al+er sas that Annie told her the argu+ent too* lace at theub but the -isticu--s too* lace at the lodging house, later.

ohn >;ans, night watch+an at the lodging house sas the -ight bro*eout in the lodging house on Sete+ber %th. Cooer also sas that the

-ight was not o;er 9arr but o;er soa which Annie had borrowed -or theensioner and not returned.


20/77

:ono;an will tell the in4uest into her death that she was not at thelodging house during the wee* rior to her death. So it aears -ro+ thebul* o- the e;idence that the -ight too* lace in the last -ew das o-August and robabl in the lodging house.

Cha+an sas that she +a ha;e to go to the in-ir+ar but there is norecord o- an wo+an being ad+itted to either #hitechael or Sital-ieldswor*house in-ir+aries. She +a ha;e ic*ed u +edication though.

onday, eptebe# 35

She +eets A+elia al+er in :orset Street. @9ow did ou get thatK@ as*sal+er, noticing the bruise on her right te+le. B wa o- answer, Annieoened her dress. @Ies,@ Annie said @loo* at + chest.@ Annie co+lainso- -eeling unwell and sas she +a go see her sister. @


21/77

dran* a int o- beer with Annie who was alread slightl the worse -ordrin*. 9e states that she did not lea;e the lodging house until 1600 AM.

212 AM1 #illia+ Ste;ens (a rinter), another lodger, enters the*itchen and sees Cha+an. She sas that she has been to Gauhall to

see her sister, that she went to get so+e +one and that her -a+il hadgi;en her 5 ence. (li/abeth ong sees Cha+an with a +an, hard against theshutters o- 2' 9anbur Street. the are tal*ing. ong hears the +an sa@#ill ouK@ and Annie relies @Ies.@ ong is certain o- the ti+e as shehad heard the cloc* on the Blac* >agle Brewer, Bric* ane, stri*e thehal- hour ust as she had turned onto the street. 7he wo+an (Cha+an)


22/77

had her bac* towards Sital-ields Mar*et and, thus, her -ace towardsong. 7he +an had his bac* towards ong.

A -ew +o+ents a-ter the ong sighting, Albert Cadosch, a oungcarenter li;ing at 2 9anbur Street wal*s into his bac* ard robabl

to use the outhouse. assing the -i;e -oot tall wooden -ence whichsearates his ard -ro+ that o- nu+ber 2', he hears ;oices 4uite close.7he onl word he can +a*e out is a wo+an saing @$o@ 9e then heardso+ething -alling against the -ence.

Mortuar hotograh o- Annie Cha+an.

Annies bod was disco;ered a little be-ore %.00a+ b ohn :a;is, a

car+an who li;ed on the third -loor o- $o.2' with his -a+il. A-teralerting a+es =reen, a+es ent and 9enr 9olland in 9anbur Street,:a;is went to Co++ercial Street olice Station be-ore returning to$o.2'.

Annie's Clothes an# Possessions1

ong blac* -igured coat that ca+e down to her *nees.


23/77

Blac* s*irt Brown bodice Another bodice 2 etticoats A large oc*et worn under the s*irt and tied about the waist with strings

(e+t when -ound) ace u boots Ded and white stried woolen stoc*ings $ec*erchie-, white with a wide red border (-olded triEcorner and *notted

at the -ront o- her nec*. she is wearing the scar- in this +anner whenshe lea;es Crossingha+s)

9ad three recentl ac4uired brass rings on her +iddle -inger (+issinga-ter the +urder)

Scra o- +uslin ?ne s+all tooth co+b ?ne co+b in a aer case Scra o- en;eloe she had ta*en -or+ the +anteliece o- the *itchen

containing two ills.


24/77

should sa that the inuries could not ha;e been in-licted b a baonet ora sword baonet. 7he could ha;e been done b such an instru+ent as a+edical +an used -or ostE+orte+ uroses, but the ordinar surgicalcases +ight not contain such an instru+ent. 7hose used b theslaughter+en, well ground down, +ight ha;e caused the+. 9e thoughtthe *ni;es used b those in the leather trade would not be long enoughin the blade. 7here were indications o- anato+ical *nowledge...he shouldsa that the deceased had been dead at least two hours, and robabl+ore, when he -irst saw herH but it was right to +ention that it was a-airl cool +orning, and that the bod would be +ore at to cool raidl-ro+ its ha;ing lost a great 4uantit o- blood. 7here was no e;idence...o-a struggle ha;ing ta*en lace. 9e was ositi;e the deceased entered theard ali;e...

A hand*erchie- was round the throat o- the deceased when he saw itearl in the +orning. 9e should sa it was not tied on a-ter the throatwas cut.@

Deort -ollowing the ost +orte+ ea+ination6

@9e noticed the sa+e rotrusion o- the tongue. 7here was a bruise o;erthe right te+le. ?n the uer eelid there was a bruise, and there weretwo distinct bruises, each the si/e o- a +ans thu+b, on the -oreart o-the to o- the chest. 7he sti--ness o- the li+bs was now well +ar*ed.7here was a bruise o;er the +iddle art o- the bone o- the right hand.7here was an old scar on the le-t o- the -rontal bone. 7he sti--ness was+ore noticeable on the le-t side, eseciall in the -ingers, which wereartl closed. 7here was an abrasion o;er the ring -inger, with distinct+ar*ings o- a ring or rings. 7he throat had been se;ered as be-oredescribed. the incisions into the s*in indicated that the had been +ade-ro+ the le-t side o- the nec*. 7here were two distinct clean cuts on thele-t side o- the sine. 7he were arallel with each other and searatedb about hal- an inch. 7he +uscular structures aeared as though anatte+t had +ade to searate the bones o- the nec*. 7here were ;arious

other +utilations to the bod, but he was o- the oinion that theoccurred subse4uent to the death o- the wo+an, and to the large escaeo- blood -ro+ the di;ision o- the nec*.

7he deceased was -ar ad;anced in disease o- the lungs and +e+braneso- the brain, but the had nothing to do with the cause o- death. 7hesto+ach contained little -ood, but there was not an sign o- -luid. 7herewas no aearance o- the deceased ha;ing ta*en alcohol, but there were


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signs o- great deri;ation and he should sa she had been badl -ed. 9ewas con;inced she had not ta*en an strong alcohol -or so+e hoursbe-ore her death. 7he inuries were certainl not sel-Ein-licted. 7hebruises on the -ace were e;identl recent, eseciall about the chin andside o- the aw, but the bruises in -ront o- the chest and te+le were o-longer standing E robabl o- das. 9e was o- the oinion that the ersonwho cut the deceased throat too* hold o- her b the chin, and thenco++enced the incision -ro+ le-t to right. 9e thought it was highlrobable that a erson could call out, but with regard to an idea that she+ight ha;e been gagged he could onl oint to the swollen -ace and therotruding tongue, both o- which were signs o- su--ocation.

7he abdo+en had been entirel laid oen6 the intestines, se;ered -ro+their +esenteric attach+ents, had been li-ted out o- the bod and lacedon the shoulder o- the corseH whilst -ro+ the el;is, the uterus and itsaendages with the uer ortion o- the ;agina and the osterior twothirds o- the bladder, had been entirel re+o;ed. $o trace o- these artscould be -ound and the incisions were cleanl cut, a;oiding the rectu+,and di;iding the ;agina low enough to a;oid inur to the cer;i uteri.?b;iousl the wor* was that o- an eertE o- one, at least, who had such*nowledge o- anato+ical or athological ea+inations as to be enabledto secure the el;ic organs with one swee o- the *ni-e, which +ustthere-ore +ust ha;e at least 5 or % inches in length, robabl +ore. 7heaearance o- the cuts con-ir+ed hi+ in the oinion that the instru+ent,

li*e the one which di;ided the nec*, had been o- a ;er shar character.7he +ode in which the *ni-e had been used see+ed to indicate greatanato+ical *nowledge.

9e thought he hi+sel- could not ha;e er-or+ed all the inuries hedescribed, e;en without a struggle, under a 4uarter o- an hour.


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Cit o- ondon Ce+eter (ittle 12, where she was buried at (ublic) gra;e8, s4uare 1&8.

Annies relati;es, who aid -or -or the -uneral, +et the hearse at the

ce+eter, and, b re4uest, *et the -uneral a secret and were the onlones to attend.

Co o- Annie Cha+ans death certi-icate.

'he %!ne#al o% Annie Chapan too+ place ea#ly yeste#day o#ning ("4ep), the !tost sec#ecy ha$ing been obse#$ed, and none b!t the!nde#ta+e#, police, and #elati$es o% the deceased +new anything abo!tthe a##angeents. ho#tly a%te# se$en o7cloc+ a hea#se d#ew !p o!tsidethe o#t!a#y in ontag!e-st#eet, and the body was !ic+ly #eo$ed. Atnine o7cloc+ a sta#t was ade %o# ano# Pa#+ Ceete#y. /o coaches%ollowed, as it was desi#ed that p!blic attention sho!ld not be att#acted.#. ith and othe# #elati$es et the body at the ceete#y. 'he blac+-

co$e#ed el co%%in bo#e the wo#ds =Annie Chapan, died ept. ?, "???,aged 4? yea#s.=(7he :ail 7elegrah, Sete+ber 15 1888, age 3)

Cha+ans gra;e no longer eistsH it has since been buried o;er.

eath Certi$icate

:eath Certi-icate6 $o. 281, registered 20 Sete+ber, 1888 (9C 08&&%%).7he certi-icate does not list the in4uest -ro+ 13 Sete+ber.


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5lizabeth /tri#e5lizabeth /tri#e a"a '-on -iz'

>li/abeth Stride was born >lisabeth =usta-sdotter on $o;e+ber 2, 18&3on a -ar+ called Stora 7u+lehed in 7orslanda arish, north o-

=othenburg, Sweden. She was bati/ed on :ece+ber 5 o- that ear andcon-ir+ed in a church in 7orslanda.

At the ti+e o- her death she was &5 ears old. She had a aleco+leion, light gra ees and had curl dar* brown hair. All the teethin her lower le-t aw were +issing and she stood -i;e -oot -i;e inches tall.

?n a Certi-icate o- Change notice -iled in Sweden at the ti+e that i/+o;ed to ondon it is stated that she could read tolerabl well but hadlittle understanding o- the Bible or catechis+.

odgers described her as a 4uiet wo+an who would do a @good turn -oranone.@ 9owe;er she had -re4uentl aeared be-ore the 7ha+esMagistrate Court on charges o- being drun* and disorderl, so+eti+eswith obscene language.

She +ade +one b sewing and charring, recei;ed +one -ro+ Michaelidne and was an occasional rostitute.

Histor1

9er -ather was =usta- >ricsson and her +other Beatta Carlsdotter. ?n?ctober 1&, 18%0 she +o;ed to the arish o- Carl ohan in =othenburg.#hile there she wor*ed as a do+estic -or ars rederic* ?lo-sson, awor*+an with & children.

ebruar 2nd o- 18%2 -inds her +o;ing to Cathedral arish in=othenburg.


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$o;e+ber 3, , 10, 1& entries and a-ter the last entr she is told she willno longer ha;e to reort to the olice.

?n ebruar th o- 18%% she alies to +o;e to the Swedish arish inondon, >ngland. She enters the ondon register as an un+arried

wo+an on ul 10, 18%%.

According to testi+on b Charles reston, who li;ed at the sa+elodging house, she ca+e to ondon in the ser;ice o- a @-oreigngentle+an.@

Michael idne, with who+ she li;ed on and o-- rior to her death, sasshe told hi+ that she wor*ed -or a -a+il in 9de ar* and that she@ca+e to see the countr.@ 9e also belie;es that she had -a+il inondon.

ul 10, 188% EE she is registered as an un+arried wo+an at theSwedish Church in rinces S4uare, St. =eorge in the >ast.

?n March , 18%' she +arries ohn Stride at the arish church, St. =ilesin the ields. 7he Ser;ice is conducted b De;. #ill owell and witnessedb :aniel 9. #att and $. 7alor. Stride gi;es her address as % =owerStreet.

Soon a-ter the +arriage ohn and i/ are li;ing in >ast


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ro+ 1882 onwards she lodges on and o-- at the co++on lodging houseat 32 lower and :ean Street. As her husband is still ali;e at this ti+e itis reasonable to assu+e that the +arriage has irre;ocabl -allen aart.

?n ?ctober 2&, 188&, ohn Stride dies o- heart disease.


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ti+e. 9e eects her to be ho+e when he arri;es -ro+ wor* but she isnot. idne is unconcerned as she has done this o-ten. @


31/77

when she le-t, she showed it to +e, stating that the deut had gi;en itto her.@

""500 P57wo laborers, . Best and ohn =ardner were going into theBric*laers Ar+s ublic 9ouse on Settles street, north o- Co++ercial

Doad and al+ost oosite Berner Street. As the went in Stride waslea;ing with a short +an with a dar* +ustache and sand eelashes. 7he+an was wearing a billcoc* hat, +ourning suit and coat. Best sas@7he had been ser;ed in the ublic house and went out when +e and+ -riends ca+e in.


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threw her down on the -ootwa and the wo+an screa+ed three ti+es,but not ;er loudl. ?n crossing to the oosite side o- the street, hesaw a second +an lighting his ie. 7he +an who threw the wo+andown called out, aarentl to the +an on the oosite side o- the road,@is*i@, and then Schwart/ wal*ed awa, but -inding that he was-ollowed b the second +an, he ran as -ar as the railwa arch, but the+an did not -ollow so -ar.

Schwart/ cannot sa whether the two +en were together or *nown toeach other. on being ta*en to the +ortuar Schwart/ identi-ied thebod as that o- the wo+an he had seen.@

7he disco;er o- >li/abeth Strides bod in :ut-ields Iard, -ro+ 7he ictorial $ews, %th ?ctober1888.

Late# in the deposition5

@


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+urderer...@

Schwart/ describes the +an as about 30 ears old, 5 5@ tall with a -reshco+leion, dar* hair and s+all brown +ustache. 9e is dressed in ano;ercoat and an old blac* -elt hat with a wide bri+.

At the sa+e ti+e, a+es Brown sas he sees Stride with a +an as hewas going ho+e with his suer down airclough Street. She wasleaning against the wall tal*ing to a stoutish +an about 5 @ tall in along blac* coat that reached to his heels. 9e has his ar+ against thewall. Stride is saing @$o, not tonight, so+e other night.@

"500 A5ouis :ie+schut/, a sales+an o- ewelr, entered :ut-ieldsIard dri;ing his cart and on.


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>rror creating thu+bnail6 nable to sa;e thu+bnail to destination

>li/aeth Stride, +ortuar hotograh.

At the ti+e o- her death >li/abeth Stride was wearing6

ong blac* cloth ac*et, -ur tri++ed around the botto+ with a red roseand white +aiden hair -ern inned to it. (She was not wearing the-lowers when she le-t the lodging house.)

Blac* s*irt Blac* cree bonnet Chec*ed nec* scar- *notted on le-t side :ar* brown ;el;eteen bodice 2 light serge etticoats 1 white che+ise #hite stoc*ings Sring sided boots 2 hand*erchie-s (one, the larger, is noticed at the ostE+orte+ to ha;e

-ruit stains on it.) A thi+ble A iece o- wool wound around a card


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was etended and there was a ac*et o- cachous in the le-t hand.

7he right ar+ was o;er the bell, the bac* o- the hand and wrist had onit clotted blood. 7he legs were drawn u with the -eet close to the wall.7he bod and -ace were war+ and the hand cold. 7he legs were 4uite

war+.

:eceased had a sil* hand*erchie- round her nec*, and it aeared to beslightl torn. < ha;e since ascertained it was cut. 7his corresonded withthe right angle o- the aw. 7he throat was deel gashed and there wasan abrasion o- the s*in about one and a hal- inches in dia+eter,aarentl stained with blood, under her right ar+.

At three ocloc* .+. on Monda at St. =eorges Mortuar, :r. Blac*welland < +ade a ost +orte+ ea+ination. Digor +ortis was still thoroughl

+ar*ed. 7here was +ud on the le-t side o- the -ace and it was +atted inthe head.H

7he Bod was -airl nourished. ?;er both shoulders, eseciall the right,and under the collarbone and in -ront o- the chest there was a bluishdiscoloration, which < ha;e watched and ha;e seen on two occasionssince.

>li/abeth Strides gra;e at >ast ondon Ce+eter.

7here was a clearEcut incision on the nec*.


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downwards. 7he arteries and other ;essels contained in the sheath wereall cut through.

7he cut through the tissues on the right side was +ore suer-icial, andtailed o-- to about two inches below the right angle o- the aw. 7he dee

;essels on that side were uninured. ro+ this is was e;ident that thehe+orrhage was caused through the artial se;erance o- the le-t carotidarter.

:eco+osition had co++enced in the s*in. :ar* brown sots were onthe anterior sur-ace o- the le-t chin. 7here was a de-or+it in the boneso- the right leg, which was not straight, but bowed -orwards. 7here wasno recent eternal inur sa;e to the nec*.

7he bod being washed +ore thoroughl < could see so+e healing sores.

7he lobe o- the le-t ear was torn as i- -ro+ the re+o;al or wearingthrough o- an earring, but it was thoroughl healed. ?n re+o;ing thescal there was no sign o- etra;asation o- blood.

7he heart was s+all, the le-t ;entricle -ir+l contracted, and the rightslightl so. 7here was no clot in the ul+onar arter, but the right;entricle was -ull o- dar* clot. 7he le-t was -ir+l contracted as to beabsolutel e+t.

7he sto+ach was large and the +ucous +e+brane onl congested. li/abeth Strides death certi-icate.

!uneral


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>li/abeth stride was buried on Saturda, % ?ctober, 1888.

>li/abeth was buried at >ast ondon Ce+eter Co. td., laistow,ondon, >13. =ra;e 1550', s4uare 3. 7he sarse uneral was aid atthe eense o- the arish b underta*er, Mr 9aw*es.

eath Certi$icate

:eath Certi-icate6 $o. &', registered 2& ?ctober, 1888 (9C 08&&%)

Catherine 5##o%es

Catherine >ddowes, conte+orar illustration.

Catherine 5##o%es a.".a. Kate Kell

Catherine >ddowes is born on Aril 1&, 18&2 in =raisle =reen,#ol;erha+ton. At the ti+e o- her death she is 5 -eet tall, has ha/elees and dar* auburn hair. She has a tattoo in blue in* on her le-t


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-orear+ @7C.@

At the ti+e o- her death, Catherine >ddowes is su--ering -ro+ Brights:isease, a -or+ o- re+ia. riends so*e o- Catherine as an intelligent,scholarl wo+an but one who was ossessed o- a -ierce te+er.

#earing at the ti+e o- her +urder6

Blac* straw bonnet tri++ed in green and blac* ;el;et with blac* beads.Blac* strings, worn tied to the head.

Blac* cloth ac*et tri++ed around the collar and cu--s with i+itation -urand around the oc*ets in blac* sil* braid and -ur. arge +etalbuttons.

:ar* green chint/ s*irt, 3 -lounces, brown button on waistband. 7he s*irtis atterned with Michael+as daisies and golden lilies.

Mans white ;est, +atching buttons down -ront. Brown linse bodice, blac* ;el;et collar with brown buttons down -ront =re stu-- etticoat with white waistband Ger old green alaca s*irt (worn as undergar+ent) Ger old ragged blue s*irt with red -lounces, light twill lining (worn as

undergar+ent) #hite calico che+ise $o drawers or stas air o- +ens lace u boots, +ohair laces. Dight boot reaired with red

thread 1 iece o- red gau/e sil* worn as a nec*erchie- 1 large white oc*et hand*erchie- 1 large white cotton hand*erchie- with red and white birds ee border 2 unbleached calico oc*ets, tae strings 1 blue strie bed tic*ing oc*et Brown ribbed *nee stoc*ings, darned at the -eet with white cottonPossessions

2 s+all blue bags +ade o- bed tic*ing 2 short blac* cla ies 1 tin bo containing tea 1 tin bo containing sugar 1 tin +atchbo, e+t 12 ieces white rag, so+e slightl bloodstained 1 iece coarse linen, white 1 iece o- blue and white shirting, 3 cornered 1 iece red -lannel with ins and needles


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% ieces soa 1 s+all tooth co+b 1 white handle table *ni-e 1 +etal teasoon 1 red leather cigarette case with white +etal -ittings 1 ball he+ 1 iece o- old white aron with reair Se;eral buttons and a thi+ble Mustard tin containing two awn tic*ets, ?ne in the na+e o- >+il Birrell,

52 #hites Dow, dated August 31, 'd -or a +ans -lannel shirt. 7heother is in the na+e o- ane ell o- % :orset Street and datedSete+ber 28, 2S -or a air o- +ens boots. Both addresses are -alse.

rinted handbill and according to a ress reortE a rinted card -or ran*Carter,305,Bethnal =reen Doad

ortion o- a air o- sectacles 1 red +ittenHistor1

9er -ather was =eorge >ddowes, a tin late wor*er wor*ing orarenticed at the ?ld 9all #or*s in #ol;erha+ton. 9er +other isCatherine (nee >;ans). She has two sisters, >li/abeth isher and >li/a=old (their +arried na+es). She also has an uncle na+ed #illia+>ddowes.

?ne conte+orar newsaer reort gi;es her histor as -ollows6

@9er -ather and his brother #illia+ le-t their obs as tinlate wor*ers in#ol;erha+ton during the tin+ens stri*e, about 18&8. 7he and their-a+ilies wal*ed to ondon.


40/77

7he #ol;erha+ton aer su++ari/es her histor so+ewhat di--erentl6

=eorge >ddowes co+letes his arenticeshi at ?ld 9all #or*s and+arries Catherine >;ans, a coo* at the local hostelr. 7he two go toondon in search o- their -ortunes. #hile there, =eorge -athers 12

children. 9is wi-e, Catherine, dies in 1851 and =eorge a -ew +onthslater. Catherine is returned to #ol;erha+ton into the care o- an auntwho li;ed in Bison Street. 7his +a be the aunt who, according to anarticle in the anuar 1''5 Blac* Countr Bugle, +ade a gi-t o- a+iniature ortrait to Catherine which beca+e the basis -or the ortraitwhich aears in the enn


41/77

in drin* and was a ;er oll wo+an, o-ten singing.@ She was generall inthe lodging house -or the night between ' and 10 M. 9e sas shewasnt in the habit o- wal*ing the streets and he had ne;er heard o- orseen her being inti+ate with anone other than ell. ell hi+sel-clai+ed no *nowledge o- her e;er wal*ing the streets. 9e sas that sheso+eti+es dran* to ecess but wasnt in the habit. Another sister, >li/a=old, said that Catherine was o- sober habits.

>;er ear, during the season, ell and >ddowes went ho ic*ing. +il Birrell, said to ate,


42/77

and bu so+e -ood, tea and sugar. Between 10 and 11 AM the wereseen b rederic* #il*inson eating brea*-ast in the lodging house*itchen.

B a-ternoon the were again without +one. >ddowes sas she is going

to see i- she can get so+e +one -ro+ her daughter in Ber+ondse. Shearts with ell in 9oundsditch at 2600 M, ro+ising to be bac* no laterthan &600 M. @< ne;er *new i- she went to her daughters at all,@ ellsas at the in4uest. @< onl wish she had, -or we had li;ed together -orso+e ti+e and ne;er had a 4uarrel.@ ate could not ha;e seen herdaughter who had +o;ed since the last ti+e ate saw her.

?500 P5Cit C ouis Dobinson co+es across >ddowes surrounded b acrowd outside 2' Aldgate 9igh Street. She is ;er drun* and laing in ahea on the a;e+ent. Dobinson as*s those in the crowd i- anone *newher, no one relied. 9e ulled her u to her -eet and leaned her againstthe buildings shutters but she slied sidewas. #ith the aid o- Cit C'5' =eorge Si++ons the brought her to Bishosgate oliceStation.ouis Dobinson Cit olice Constable '31 said at ates in4uest?n the 2'th at 8.30 < was on dut in Aldgate 9ight Street, < saw acrowd o- ersons outside $o. 2' E < saw there a wo+an who+ < ha;esince recognised as the :eceased ling on the -ootwa drun*. < as*ed i-there was one that *new her or *new where she li;ed but < got noanswer.

?548 P5 Bishosgate olice Station Sergeant a+es B-ield notes>ddowes arri;al at the station. Suorted b Cs Dobinson andSi++ons, >ddowes was as*ed her na+e and she relied @$othing.@ At8650 M C Dobinson loo*ed in on her in her cell. She was aslee ands+elled o- drin*. At '6&5 M 7he =aoler, Cit C '%8 =eorge 9utt, too*charge o- the risoners. 9e ;isited the cell e;er hal- hour during thenight uon the directi;e o- Sergeant B-ield.

@548 P5Cit Cs on night beat lea;e Bishosgate Station. 7he are

+arched behind their Beat Sergeants -ro+ Bishosgate Station to theirresecti;e beats. dward #at*insand a+es 9ar;e.

App#o "0500 P5Cit C 881 >dward #at*ins co++enced his -irst -ullround o- his beat. 7his consisted o- :u*e Street through 9eneage ane,through a ortion o- Bur Street, then through Creechurch ane, intoeadenhall Street, along eadenhall Street into Mitre Street, then into


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Mitre S4uare, around the s4uare, bac* into Mitre Street, then into ingStreet, along ing Street, into St a+es lace, around St a+es lace,thence into :u*e Street to continue another atrol.

App#o "0500 P5Cit C '%& a+es 9ar;e co++enced his beat. ro+

Be;is Mar*s he +o;ed to :u*e Street, into ittle :u*e Street, to9oundsditch, -ro+ 9oundsditch bac* to :u*e Street, along :u*e Streetto Church assage, bac* again into :u*e Street, to Aldgate, -ro+ thereto Mitre Street, bac* again to 9oundsditch, u 9oundsditch, to ittle:u*e Street, again bac* to 9oundsditch, to =oring Street, u =oringStreet and bac* to Be;is Mar*s.

"25"8 A5ate is heard singing so-tl to hersel- in the cell. "2530 A5She calls out to as* when she will be released. @#hen ou are caable o-ta*ing care o- oursel-.@ 9utt relies. @< can do that now.@ ate in-or+shi+.

"2588 A5Sergeant B-ield instructs C 9utt to see i- an risonerswere -it to be released. ate was -ound to be sober. She gi;es her na+eas Mar Ann ell, and her address as % ashion Street. ate is released.

She lea;es the station at 1600 AM.@#hat ti+e is itK@ she as*s 9utt. @7oolate -or ou to get anthing to drin*.@ he relies.@< shall get a da+n -inehiding when < get ho+e.@ She tells hi+.9utt relies, @ And ser;e ouright, ou had no right to get drun*.@9utt ushes oen the swinging dooro- that station. @7his wa +issus,@ he sas, @lease ull it to.@@All right@ate relies, @=oodnight, old coc*.@

She turned le-t out the doorwa which too* her in the oosite directiono- what would ha;e been the -astest wa bac* to lower and :eanStreet. She aears to be heading bac* toward Aldgate 9igh Streetwhere she had beco+e drun*. ?n going down 9oundsditch she wouldha;e assed the entrance to :u*e Street, at the end o- which wasChurch assage which led into Mitre S4uare.


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-acing the +an with her hand on his chest, but not in a +anner tosuggest that she is resisting hi+. awende describes the +an as 30ears old, 5 -oot inches tall, -air co+leion and +ustache with a+ediu+ build. 9e is wearing a eer and salt colored ac*et which -itsloosel, a gre cloth ca with a ea* o- the sa+e color. 9e has a reddishhand*erchie- *notted around his nec*. ?;er all he gi;es the aearanceo- being a sailor. awende will later identi- Catherine >ddowes clothesas the sa+e as those worn b the wo+an he saw that night.

App#o "548 P5C >dward #at*ins disco;ers >ddowes bod in MitreS4uare.

Post7&orte&

Catherine >ddowes bod in the +ortuar.


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Catherine >ddowes bod in the +ortuar a-terpost-o#testitching.

:r. rederic* =ordon Brown, ondon olice surgeon called in at the+urder, arri;ed at Mitre S4uare around 2600 AM. 9is reort is as -ollows.

@7he bod was on its bac*, the head turned to le-t shoulder. 7he ar+s bthe side o- the bod as i- the had -allen there. Both al+s uwards, the-ingers slightl bent. 7he le-t leg etended in a line with the bod. 7heabdo+en was eosed. Dight leg bent at the thigh and *nee. 7he throat

cut across.7he intestines were drawn out to a large etent and laced o;er the rightshoulder EE the were s+eared o;er with so+e -eculent +atter. A ieceo- about two -eet was 4uite detached -ro+ the bod and laced betweenthe bod and the le-t ar+, aarentl b design. 7he lobe and auricle o-the right ear were cut obli4uel through.

7here was a 4uantit o- clotted blood on the a;e+ent on the le-t side o-


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the nec* round the shoulder and uer art o- ar+, and -luid bloodEcoloured seru+ which had -lowed under the nec* to the right shoulder,the a;e+ent sloing in that direction.

Bod was 4uite war+. $o death sti--ening had ta*en lace. She +ust

ha;e been dead +ost li*el within the hal- hour. #e loo*ed -orsuer-icial bruises and saw none. $o blood on the s*in o- the abdo+en orsecretion o- an *ind on the thighs. $o surting o- blood on the bric*s ora;e+ent around. $o +ar*s o- blood below the +iddle o- the bod.Se;eral buttons were -ound in the clotted blood a-ter the bod wasre+o;ed. 7here was no blood on the -ront o- the clothes. 7here were notraces o- recent conneion.

#hen the bod arri;ed at =olden ane, so+e o- the blood was disersedthrough the re+o;al o- the bod to the +ortuar. 7he clothes wereta*en o-- care-ull -ro+ the bod. A iece o- deceaseds ear droed-ro+ the clothing.

< +ade a ost +orte+ ea+ination at hal- ast two on Sundaa-ternoon. Digor +ortis was well +ar*edH bod not 4uite cold. =reendiscoloration o;er the abdo+en.

A-ter washing the le-t hand care-ull, a bruise the si/e o- a sience,recent and red, was disco;ered on the bac* o- the le-t hand between thethu+b and -irst -inger. A -ew s+all bruises on right shin o- older date.7he hands and ar+s were bron/ed. $o bruises on the scal, the bac* o-the bod, or the elbows.

7he -ace was ;er +uch +utilated. 7here was a cut about a 4uarter o-an inch through the lower le-t eelid, di;iding the structures co+letelthrough. 7he uer eelid on that side, there was a scratch through thes*in on the le-t uer eelid, near to the angle o- the nose. 7he righteelid was cut through to about hal- an inch.

7here was a dee cut o;er the bridge o- the nose, etending -ro+ the

le-t border o- the nasal bone down near the angle o- the aw on the rightside o- the chee*. 7his cut went into the bone and di;ided all thestructures o- the chee* ecet the +ucous +e+brane o- the +outh.

7he ti o- the nose was 4uite detached b an obli4ue cut -ro+ thebotto+ o- the nasal bone to where the wings o- the nose oin on to the-ace. A cut -ro+ this di;ided the uer li and etended through thesubstance o- the gu+ o;er the right uer lateral incisor tooth.


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About hal- an inch -ro+ the to o- the nose was another obli4ue cut.7here was a cut on the right angle o- the +outh as i- the cut o- a oint o-a *ni-e. 7he cut etended an inch and a hal-, arallel with the lower li.

7here was on each side o- chee* a cut which eeled u the s*in, -or+ing

a triangular -la about an inch and a hal-. ?n the le-t chee* there weretwo abrasions o- the eitheliu+ under the le-t ear.

7he throat was cut across to the etent o- about si or se;en inches. Asuer-icial cut co++enced about an inch and a hal- below the lobebelow, and about two and a hal- inches behind the le-t ear, and etendedacross the throat to about three inches below the lobe o- the right ear.

7he big +uscle across the throat was di;ided through on the le-t side.7he large ;essels on the le-t side o- the nec* were se;ered. 7he larn

was se;ered below the ;ocal chord. All the dee structures were se;eredto the bone, the *ni-e +ar*ing inter;ertebral cartilages. 7he sheath o-the ;essels on the right side was ust oened.

7he carotid arter had a -ine hole oening, the internal ugular ;ein wasoened about an inch and a hal- EE not di;ided. 7he blood ;esselscontained clot. All these inuries were er-or+ed b a shar instru+entli*e a *ni-e, and ointed.

7he cause o- death was hae+orrhage -ro+ the le-t co++on carotid

arter. 7he death was i++ediate and the +utilations were in-licted a-terdeath.

#e ea+ined the abdo+en. 7he -ront walls were laid oen -ro+ thebreast bones to the ubes. 7he cut co++enced oosite the enci-or+cartilage. 7he incision went uwards, not enetrating the s*in that waso;er the sternu+.


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le-t side, and +ade a arallel incision to the -or+er hori/ontal incision,lea;ing the na;el on a tongue o- s*in. Attached to the na;el was two anda hal- inches o- the lower art o- the rectus +uscle on the le-t side o- theabdo+en. 7he incision then too* an obli4ue direction to the right andwas shel;ing. 7he incision went down the right side o- the ;agina andrectu+ -or hal- an inch behind the rectu+.

7here was a stab o- about an inch on the le-t groin. 7his was done b aointed instru+ent. Below this was a cut o- three inches going throughall tissues +a*ing a wound o- the eritoneu+ about the sa+e etent.

An inch below the crease o- the thigh was a cut etending -ro+ theanterior sine o- the iliu+ obli4uel down the inner side o- the le-t thighand searating the le-t labiu+, -or+ing a -la o- s*in u to the groin. 7hele-t rectus +uscle was not detached.

7here was a -la o- s*in -or+ed b the right thigh, attaching the rightlabiu+, and etending u to the sine o- the iliu+. 7he +uscles on theright side inserted into the -rontal liga+ents were cut through.

7he s*in was retracted through the whole o- the cut through theabdo+en, but the ;essels were not clotted. $or had there been anareciable bleeding -ro+ the ;essels. < draw the conclusion that the actwas +ade a-ter death, and there would not ha;e been +uch blood onthe +urderer. 7he cut was +ade b so+eone on the right side o- thebod, *neeling below the +iddle o- the bod.

< re+o;ed the content o- the sto+ach and laced it in a ar -or -urtherea+ination. 7here see+ed ;er little in it in the wa o- -ood or -luid, but-ro+ the cut end artl digested -arinaceous -ood escaed.

7he intestines had been detached to a large etent -ro+ the +esenter.About two -eet o- the colon was cut awa. 7he sig+oid -leure wasin;aginated into the rectu+ ;er tightl.

Dight *idne was ale, bloodless with slight congestion o- the base o- thera+ids.

7here was a cut -ro+ the uer art o- the slit on the under sur-ace o-the li;er to the le-t side, and another cut at right angles to this, whichwere about an inch and a hal- dee and two and a hal- inches long. i;eritsel- was health.


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7he gall bladder contained bile. 7he ancreas was cut, but not through,on the le-t side o- the sinal colu+n. 7hree and a hal- inches o- the lowerborder o- the sleen b hal- an inch was attached onl to theeritoneu+.

7he eritoneal lining was cut through on the le-t side and the le-t *idnecare-ull ta*en out and re+o;ed. 7he le-t renal arter was cut through. ddowes was buried on Monda, 8 ?ctober, 1888

ate was buried in an un+ar*ed gra;e in an el+ co--in in Cit o- ondonCe+eter, (ittle 12, in (ublic) gra;e &'33%, s4uare 318.

7he 7i+es said6

7he bod o- the MitreEs4uare ;icti+ E Catherine >ddowes, alias Conwa,

alias ell E still lies in the Cit Mortuar, =oldenElane. At hal-East oneocloc* toEda !8 ?ct" it will be re+o;ed -or burial in the


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were occuied b grous o- sectators. 7he rocession le-t the +ortuarshortl a-ter hal-East one ocloc*. ddowes, died Set. 30, 1888,aged &3 ears.@ ?ne o- the sisters o- the deceased laid a beauti-ulwreath on the co--in as it was laced in the hearse, and at the gra;esidea wreath o- +arguerites was added b a s+athetic *inswo+an. 7he+ourners were the -our sisters o- the +urdered wo+an, 9arriet ones,>++a >ddowes, >li/a =old, and >li/abeth isher, her two nieces >++aand 9arriet ones, and ohn ell, the +an with who+ she had li;ed. Asthe -uneral rocession assed through =oldenElane and ?ldEstreet thethousands o- ersons who -ollowed it nearl into #hitechael rendered

loco+otion etre+el di--icult. ?rder was, howe;er, ad+irabl+aintained b a bod o- olice under Suerintendent oster andngland ortion o- the ce+eter,the ser;ice being conducted b the chalain, the De;. Mr. :unsco+be.Mr. =. C. 9aw*es, a ;estr+an o- St. u*e.s, undertoo* theresonsibilit o- carring out the -uneral at his own eense, and the Citauthorities, to who+ the burial ground belongs, re+itted the usual -ees.(7he :ail 7elegrah, ?ctober 8 1888, age 3, ?ctober ' 1888, age 3)

7oda, s4uare 318 has been reEused -or art o- the Me+orial =ardens

-or cre+ated re+ains. ate lies beside the =arden #a in -ront o-Me+orial Bed 18&'.


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otherwise @ell.@

Mar Jane KellMar Jane Kell A.K.A.. Marie Jeanette Kell, Mar Ann Kell,9iner, !air 5&&a

Mar ane ell, conte+orar s*etch.

Mar ane ell was aroi+atel 25 ears old at the ti+e o- her death


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which would lace her birth around 18%3. She was 5 @ tall and stout.She had blonde hair, blue ees and a -air co+leion. @Said to ha;e beenossessed o- considerable ersonal attractions.@ (Mc$aughten)

She was last seen wearing a linse -roc* and a red shawl ulled around

her shoulders. She was bare headed. :etecti;e Constable #alter :ewclai+ed to *now ell well b sight and sas that she was attracti;e andaraded around, usuall in the co+an o- two or three -riends. 9e sasshe alwas wore a sotlessl clean white aron.

Maria 9ar;e, a -riend, sas that she was @+uch suerior to that o- +ostersons in her osition in li-e.@


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ohn McCarth, landlord at Millers Court, states that she recei;ed aletter -ro+ her +other in


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A ress Association reorter who loo*ed into the Bree/ers 9ill :istrictwrote6

=It wo!ld appea# that on he# a##i$al in London she ade theac!aintance o% a 9#ench woan #esiding in the neighbo#hood o%

Fnightsb#idge, who, she in%o#ed he# %#iends, led he# to p!#s!e thedeg#aded li%e which had now c!linated in he# !ntiely end. he adeno sec#et o% the %act that while she was with this woan she wo!ld d#i$eabo!t in a ca##iage and ade se$e#al ;o!#neys to the 9#ench capital,and, in %act, led a li%e which is desc#ibed as that =o% a lady.= 6y soeeans, howe$e#, at p#esent, not eactly clea#, she s!ddenly d#i%ted intothe ast nd. He#e %o#t!ne %ailed he# and a ca#ee# that stands o!t in boldand sad cont#ast to he# ea#lie# epe#ience was coenced. He#epe#iences with the ast nd appea#s to ha$e beg!n with a woanacco#ding to p#ess #epo#ts a #s. 6!+iB who #esided in one o% thetho#o!gh%a#es o%% Datcli%%e Highway, +nown as t. eo#ge7s t#eet. 'his

pe#son appea#s to ha$e #ecei$ed Felly di#ect %#o the &est nd hoe,%o# she had not been the#e $e#y long when, it is stated, both woenwent to the 9#ench lady7s #esidence and deanded the bo whichcontained n!e#o!s d#esses o% a costly desc#iption.

ell at last indulged in intoicants, it is stated, to an etant which +adeher unwelco+e. ro+ St. =eorges Street she went to lodge with a Mrs.Carth at Bree/ers 9ill. 7his lace she le-t about 18 +onths or two ears

ago and -ro+ that ti+e on aears to ha;e le-t Datcli--e all together.Mrs. Carth said that ell had le-t her house and gone to li;e with a+an who was in the building trade and who Mrs. Carth belie;ed wouldha;e +arried ell.@

c. "??


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oseh Barnett is ondon born o- li/abeth rater, who li;es abo;e ellreorts that Barnett and ell ha;e an argu+ent and Barnett lea;es her.9e goes to li;e at Bullers boarding house at 2&E25 $ew Street,Bishosgate.

Barnett states at the in4uest that he le-t her because she was allowing

other rostitutes to sta in the roo+. @She would ne;er ha;e gone wrongagain,@ he tells a newsaer, @and < shouldnt ha;e le-t her i- it had notbeen -or the rostitutes stoing at the house. She onl let the+ (stathere) because she was good hearted and did not li*e to re-use the+shelter on cold bitter nights.@ 9e adds, @#e li;ed co+-ortabl until Marieallowed a rostitute na+ed ulia to slee in the sa+e roo+H < obected6and as Mrs. 9ar;e a-terwards ca+e and staed there, < le-t and too*lodgings elsewhere.@


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Maria 9ar;e staed with ell on the nights o- $o;e+ber 5 and %. She+o;ed to new lodgings at 3 $ew Court, another alle o-- :orset Street.

#ednesda, $o;e+ber 6 Mar ane bus a hal- enn candle -ro+McCarths sho. She is later seen in Millers Court b 7ho+as Bower, a

ensioned soldier whose nic*na+e is @li/abeth Stride. 9is aearance was s+art andattention was drawn to hi+ b his ;er white cu--s and rather long, whitecollar which ca+e down o;er the -ront o- his long blac* coat. 9e did notcarr a bag.

'h!#sday-9#iday, /o$ebe# ?-@5 Al+ost e;er da a-ter the slit,Barnett would ;isit Mar ane. ?n rida the ninth he stos between630 and 6&5 M. 9e sas she is in the co+an o- another wo+an wholi;es in Millers Court. 7his +a ha;e been i//ie Albroo* who li;ed at 2Millers Court.

Albroo* sas @About the last thing she said to +e was #hate;er ou dodont ou do wrong and turn out as < did. She had o-ten so*en to +e inthis wa and warned +e against going on the street as she had done.She told +e, too, that she was heartil sic* o- the li-e she was leadingand wished she had +one enough to go bac* to


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Mar ell as disco;ered in Millers Court (M2).


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Second ;iew o- Mar ell as disco;ered in Millers Court (M3).

Maria 9ar;e also sas that she was wo+an that Barnett saw with Marane and that she le-t at %655 M.

?500 P5Barnett lea;es and goes bac* to Bullers Boarding 9ouse wherehe laed whist until 12630 AM and then went to bed.

?500 P5ulia Genturne, who li;es at 1 Millers Court goes to bed.

7here are no con-ir+ed sightings o- Mar ane ell between 8600 Mand 116&5 M. there is an uncon-ir+ed stor that she is drin*ing with awo+an na+ed >li/abeth oster at the 7en Bells ublic 9ouse.


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""500 P5


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9e is wal*ing on Co++ercial Street and asses a +an at the corner o-7hrawl Street but as no attention to hi+. At lower and :ean Streethe +eets ell who as*s hi+ -or +one. @Mr. 9utchinson, can ou lend+e sienceK@ @< cant,@ sas 9utchinson, @< sent all + +one goingdown to Do+-ord.@ @=ood +orning,@ ell relies, @< +ust go and -indso+e +one.@ She then wal*s in the direction o- 7hrawl Street.

She +eets the +an 9utchinson had assed earlier. 7he +an uts hishand on ells shoulder and sas so+ething at which ell and the +anlaugh. 9utchinson hears ell sa @All right.@ and the +an sa @Iou willbe all right -or what < ha;e told ou.@ 7he +an then uts his right handon ells shoulder and the begin to wal* towards :orset Street.9utchinson notices that the +an has a s+all arcel in his le-t hand.

#hile standing under a street light on outside the ueens 9ead ublic9ouse 9utchinson gets a good loo* at the +an with Mar ane ell. 9ehas a ale co+leion, a slight +oustache turned u at the corners(changed to dar* co+leion and hea; +oustache in the ress reorts),dar* hair, dar* ees, and bush eebrows. 9e is, according to9utchinson, o- @ewish aearance.@ 7he +an is wearing a so-t -elt hatulled down o;er his ees, a long dar* coat tri++ed in astra*han, awhite collar with a blac* nec*tie -ied with a horseshoe in. 9e wearsdar* sats o;er light button o;er boots. A +assi;e gold chain is in hiswaistcoat with a large seal with a red stone hanging -ro+ it. 9e carries

*id glo;es in his right hand and a s+all ac*age in his le-t. 9e is 5 %@ or5 @ tall and about 35 or 3% ears old.

ell and the +an cross Co++ercial Street and turn down :orset Street.9utchinson -ollows the+. ell and the +an sto outside Millers Courtand tal* -or about 3 +inutes. ell is heard to sa @All right, + dear.Co+e along. Iou will be co+-ortable.@ 7he +an uts his ar+ aroundell who *isses hi+. @


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4500 A5 >li/abeth rater is awa*ened b her et *itten @:iddles@wal*ing on her nec*. She hears a -aint cr o- @?h, +urder@ but, as thecr o- +urder is co++on in the district, she as no attention to it.Sarah ewis, who is staing with -riends in Millers Court, also hears thecr.

?530 A5Caroline Mawell, a witness at the in4uest and ac4uaintance o-ells, clai+s to ha;e seen the deceased at around 8630 AM, se;eralhours a-ter the ti+e gi;en b hillis as ti+e o- death. She described herclothing and aearance in deth, and ada+antl stated that she wasnot +ista*en about the date, although she ad+itted she did not *nowell ;er well.

"0500 A5Maurice ewis, a tailor who resided in :orset Street, toldnewsaers he had seen ell and Barnett in the 9orn o- lent ublichouse on the night o- the +urder, but +ore i+ortantl, that he saw herabout 10600 AM the net da. i*e Mawell, this ti+e is se;eral hours-ro+ the ti+e o- death, and because o- this discreanc, he was notcalled to the in4uest and ;irtuall ignored b olice.

"0548 A5ohn McCarth, owner o- @McCarths Dents,@ as Millers Courtwas *nown, sends 7ho+as Bower to collect ast due rent +one -ro+Mar ell. A-ter Bower recei;es no resonse -ro+ *noc*ing (andbecause the door was loc*ed) he ushes aside the curtain and eersinside, seeing the bod. 9e in-or+s McCarth, who, a-ter seeing the+utilated re+ains o- ell -or hi+sel-, ran to Co++ercial Street oliceStation, where he so*e with


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but the ais o- the bod inclined to the le-t side o- the bed. 7he head wasturned on the le-t chee*. 7he le-t ar+ was close to the bod with the-orear+ -leed at a right angle and ling across the abdo+en.

7he right ar+ was slightl abducted -ro+ the bod and rested on the

+attress. 7he elbow was bent, the -orear+ suine with the -ingersclenched. 7he legs were wide aart, the le-t thigh at right angles to thetrun* and the right -or+ing an obtuse angle with the ubes.

7he whole o- the sur-ace o- the abdo+en and thighs was re+o;ed andthe abdo+inal ca;it e+tied o- its ;iscera. 7he breasts were cut o--, thear+s +utilated b se;eral agged wounds and the -ace hac*ed beondrecognition o- the -eatures. 7he tissues o- the nec* were se;ered allround down to the bone.

7he ;iscera were -ound in ;arious arts ;i/6 the uterus and *idnes withone breast under the head, the other breast b the right -oot, the li;erbetween the -eet, the intestines b the right side and the sleen b thele-t side o- the bod. 7he -las re+o;ed -ro+ the abdo+en and thighswere on a table.

7he bed clothing at the right corner was saturated with blood, and on the-loor beneath was a ool o- blood co;ering about two -eet s4uare. 7hewall b the right side o- the bed and in a line with the nec* was +ar*edb blood which had struc* it in a nu+ber o- searate slashes.

7he -ace was gashed in all directions, the nose, chee*s, eebrows, andears being artl re+o;ed. 7he lis were blanched and cut b se;eralincisions running obli4uel down to the chin. 7here were also nu+erouscuts etending irregularl across all the -eatures.

7he nec* was cut through the s*in and other tissues right down to the;ertebrae, the -i-th and sith being deel notched. 7he s*in cuts in the-ront o- the nec* showed distinct ecch+osis. 7he air assage was cut atthe lower art o- the larn through the cricoid cartilage.

Both breasts were +ore or less re+o;ed b circular incisions, the +uscledown to the ribs being attached to the breasts. 7he intercostals betweenthe -ourth, -i-th, and sith ribs were cut through and the contents o- thethora ;isible through the oenings.

7he s*in and tissues o- the abdo+en -ro+ the costal arch to the ubeswere re+o;ed in three large -las. 7he right thigh was denuded in -ront


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to the bone, the -la o- s*in, including the eternal organs o- generation,and art o- the right buttoc*. 7he le-t thigh was stried o- s*in -ascia,and +uscles as -ar as the *nee.

7he le-t cal- showed a long gash through s*in and tissues to the dee

+uscles and reaching -ro+ the *nee to -i;e inches abo;e the an*le. Bothar+s and -orear+s had etensi;e agged wounds.

7he right thu+b showed a s+all suer-icial incision about one inch long,with etra;asation o- blood in the s*in, and there were se;eral abrasionson the bac* o- the hand +oreo;er showing the sa+e condition.

?n oening the thora it was -ound that the right lung was +ini+alladherent b old -ir+ adhesions. 7he lower art o- the lung was bro*enand torn awa. 7he le-t lung was intact.


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Catholic Ce+eter, angthorne Doad, etonstone >11. 9er gra;e wasno. %% in row %%, lot 10.

7he -uneral o- the +urdered wo+an ell has once +ore beenostoned. :eceased was a Catholic, and the +an Barnett, with who+

she li;ed, and her landlord, Mr. M.Carth, desired to see her re+ainsinterred with the ritual o- her Church. 7he -uneral will, there-ore, ta*elace to+orrow !1' $o;" in the Do+an Catholic Ce+eter atetonstone. 7he hearse will lea;e the Shoreditch +ortuar at hal-Easttwel;e.

7he re+ains o- Mar anet ell, who was +urdered on $o;. ' inMillersEcourt, :orsetEstreet, Sital-ields, were brought esterda+orning -ro+ Shoreditch +ortuar to the ce+eter at etonstone,where the were interred.

:eath certi-icate o- Mar ane ell.$o -a+il +e+ber could be -ound to attend the -uneral. (7he :ail7elegrah, $o;e+ber 1' 1888, age 3, $o;e+ber 20 1888, age 3)

Mar anes gra;e was reclai+ed in the 1'50s. ohn Morrison erected alarge, white headstone in 1'8%, but +ar*ed the wrong gra;e. Morrisonsheadstone was later re+o;ed, and the suerintendent reE+ar*ed Maranes gra;e with a si+le +e+orial in the 1''0s.

eath Certi$icate

:eath Certi-icate6 $o. 32%, registered 1 $o;e+ber, 1888 (9C 08&3).Certi-icate lists na+e as @Marie eanette ell,@ a*a @:a;ies.@ Certi-icatelists lace o- death as @1 Millers Court Christ Church.@


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50i#ence

ddowes was *illed, it was in their territor and thisbrought the+ into the Dier case.


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o- the two -orces was o;er gra--ito -ound in =oulston Street on the night o-the @double e;ent@. A iece o- >ddowes aron, which the Dier used towie o-- his *ni-e, was -ound b a constable near a doorwa that had achal*ed +essage o;er the door. 7his +essage, @7he uwes are the +en7hat #ill not be bla+ed -or nothing@, +a ha;e been written b the Dierand the Cit olice o--icers wanted to hotograh it. #arren -elt thatlea;ing it until it was light enough to be hotograhed +ight cause riotsagainst the ews li;ing in #hitechael who+ the bigoted >nglish residentsalread belie;ed were resonsible -or the +urders. #arren did not e;enco+ro+ise b willing to erase or co;er u the word @uwes@ onl.


68/77

Cha+an, +ight be ac* the Dier. As with Macnaghten, no othero--icer has concurred with his oinion and +odern cri+inal ro-ilingscience tends to reect losows*i as a serious candidate.

7he na+e o- Macnaghtens second susect was con-ir+ed as Aaron

os+inis*i in the earl 1'80s when a researcher ca+e uon :onaldSwansons ersonal co o- Dobert Andersons boo* o- +e+oirs. BothSwanson and Anderson were o--icers who articiated in the Dierin;estigationH indeed, the were the ones gi;en the resonsibilit o-being in charge o- the case. Anderson had written in his +e+oirs thataeared -or the -irst ti+e in 1'10 that the olice *new who the Dierwas. According to Anderson the Dier was a olish ew who was utawa in an insane aslu+ a-ter the cri+es, and then died soon a-ter.Swanson had +ade so+e notes in his co o- the boo* concerningAndersons susect, and wrote that the susects na+e was os+ins*i.At -irst it see+ed that the case had been sol;ed, but research has -ounda nu+ber o- roble+s with the theor. $o other o--icer suortsAndersons allegation, and Swansons notes see+ to 4uestion hissueriors clai+s rather than suort the+. Aaron os+ins*i was a realerson and was laced in an insane aslu+. 9is records show hi+ to bea docile and har+less lunatic that heard ;oices in his head and wouldonl eat -ood -ro+ the gutter. 7he dates o- his incarceration are wrong,and he did not die soon a-ter his co++ittal but li;ed on until 1'1'. So+eresearchers ha;e tried to elain the roble+s b saing that the na+e

os+ins*i was con-used with another insane olish ew, who reall wasdangerous.

7he search continues. 7he third Macnaghten susect, Michael ?strog,has been in;estigated and there is nothing to indicate that he wasnothing +ore than a de+ented con +an.

:r. rancis 7u+blet, the latest serious susect, onl beca+e *nown tostudents o- the ac* the Dier +urders in 1''3. A collector o- cri+e+e+orabilia obtained a cache o- letters belonging to a cri+e ournalist

na+ed =.D. Si+s. A+ong the letters was one -ro+ ohn ittlechild, whohad been in charge o- the Secret :eart+ent in Scotland Iard at the ti+eo- the +urders. :ated 1'13, ittlechild writes to Si+s6 @< ne;er heard o- a:r. :. (which +an assu+e is a re-erence to :ruitt as Macnaghten thought:ruitt was a doctor and Si+s was a con-ident o- the Chie- Constable), inconnection with the #hitechael Murders but a+ongst the susects, and to+ +ind a ;er li*el one, was a :r. 7 . . . 9e was an A+erican 4uac*na+ed 7u+blet . . . @ A boo* b the collector who -ound the letter goes to


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great lengths in tring toro;e that 7u+blet is the -inal solution -or the+ster. n-ortunatel, he -ails to do so. 7here is no doubt that 7u+bletwas a legiti+ate susect and that when he -led to A+erica, Scotland Iarddetecti;es ca+e o;er to in;estigate hi+ -urther. dward (*nown as @>dd@ to his -riends) isone o- the +ost -a+ous susects in the ac* the Dier case, -iguring in noless than three +aor theories. ?;er the ears, di--erent ;ersions o- hisersonalit, +ental stabilit, and +anner o- death ha;e aeared.>dd was born in 18%& to rince Albert >dward (*nown as @Bertie@and sonto ueen Gictoria EEBertie would later beco+e ing >dward Gdd was a @slow@ child and grew u to be a rather dulladult. @>;en his nearest and dearest, who were naturall bent on +a*ingthe best o- oor rince >dd, could not bring the+sel;es to use +ore


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ositi;e ter+s. rince >dd was certainl dear and good, *ind andconsiderate. 9e was also bac*ward and utterl listless. 9e was sel-Eindulgent and not unctual. 9e had been gi;en no roer education, and asa result he was interested in nothing. 9e was as heedless and as ai+less asa glea+ing goldE-ish in a crstal bowl.@ (a+es oeE9enness, ueenMar. uoted in Du+below, . 1'&.)

7here were uncon-ir+ed ru+ors that >dd was +ildl retarded. 7hat hisintelligence was lower than eected o- a -uture +onarch is not disutedand it is belie;ed that this li+ited +ental abilit was one o- the reasonswh he re4uired a tutor at Ca+bridge. 9e was artiall dea-, owing toinherited hearing roble+s through his +others side o- the -a+il. 9ehad an unusuall long and thin nec* which re4uired hi+ to wear longstarched collars and led to hi+ recei;ing the nic*na+e, @collars F cu--s@.

>dd was na+ed :u*e o- Clarence and A;ondale in 18'1 and wouldli*el ha;e -ollowed Bertie to the throne had >dd not -allen ;icti+ to thein-luen/a eide+ic o- 18'1E'2. 7he death was eseciall ironic as >ddhad beco+e engaged to rincess Ma o- 7ec* (e;entuall to beco+eueen Mar) in :ece+ber o- 18'1. :uring >dds li-eti+e, there wereru+ors regarding his li-estle, intelligence, and hsical health butnothing was e;er ro;en.

:uring the ti+e o- the Dier +urders, there were no actual theoriesresented lin*ing >dd to the cri+es. 7hose would co+e +uch later a-ter+an o- the rincial characters in the theories were dead.


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According to Stowell, >dd was su--ering -ro+ shilis, contracted duringa shore art in the #est ddinsane and co+elled hi+ to co++it the +urders. dd was the +urderer @de-initel ... a-ter thesecond +urder, and ossibl e;en a-ter the -irst@ (Du+below, 1'%).>dds doctor in this +atter was suosedl Sir #illia+ =ull whoin-or+ed Bertie that his son was ding o- shilitic in-ection. Aarentlno atte+t was +ade to restrain >dd until a-ter the :ouble >;ent whenhe was bundled awa in restraints to a ri;ate +ental hosital. >ddthen escaed to carr out the ell +urder a-ter which he was againloc*ed awa and died, not o- -lu in 18'2 as clai+ed, but o- @so-tening o-the brain@ in a ri;ate +ental hosital in Sandringha+. Stowell goes onto include >dds rese+blance to :ruitt and the eeEwitness accounts o-the Dier as roo- ositi;e. #hile a neat and tid theor, later

Dierologists ha;e o*ed se;eral e--ecti;e holes through it.7o begin with, Stowell clai+s o- using =ulls ri;ate aers cannot besubstantiated due to Stowells death within das o- ublishing his theorand the burning o- his own aers (unread) b the -a+il. #ith the lac*o- the aers, Stowells clai+s o- >dd being ho+oseual (and nearlescaing rosecution in the Cle;eland Street scandal) and o- >ddscontracting shilis cannot be con-ir+ed. Adding +ore con-usion, Stowellused =ulls aers -or his theor but >dd suosedl died in 18'2 and=ull in 18'0 so =ull could not ha;e been able to co++ent on the cause

o- >dds death. dds death. Being the two +ost i+ortant arts o- the theor, theireli+ination se;erel wea*ens the case.

More i+ortantl, ea+ination o- court and Doal records re;eal that>dd was not e;en in ondon on the i+ortant +urder dates.

@2' AugustE Sete+ber 18886 7he rince was staing with Giscount:owne at :anb odge, =ros+ont, Ior*shire. ($ichols +urdered 31

August.)@E10 Sete+ber 18886 7he rince was at the Ca;alr Barrac*s in Ior*.(Cha+an +urdered 8 Sete+ber.)

@2E30 Sete+ber6 7he rince was at Abergeldie, Scotland, where ueenGictoria recorded in her ournal that he lunched with her on 30Sete+ber. (Stride and >ddowes +urdered between 1.00 and 2.00 a.+.,


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30 Sete+ber.)

@1 $o;e+ber6 Arri;ed in ondon -ro+ Ior*.

@2E12 $o;e+ber6 7he rince was at Sandringha+. (ell +urdered '

$o;e+ber)@ (A-G, . 1.)

Stowell argues that the Diers s*ill at dissection was obtained through>dds eerience at @dressing deer@. A -ar lea in logic. :esite thei+lausibilit o- >dd actuall being the Dier, he was na+ed as thein-a+ous *iller in et another boo*6 P#ince Jac+b ran* Siering.

7his strange boo* ta*es the basic thrust o- Stowells theor, clearlna+ing >dd as the *iller, and goes e;en -urther. Siering clai+s to ha;e-ound a co o- =ulls notes in 7he $ew Ior* Acade+ o- Medicine in

which, suosedl, was a reort o- =ull hnoti/ing >dd and watchinghorri-ied as >dd acted out the +urders. ro+ this, =ull went on todiagnose >dd as ha;ing shilis and that the acco+aning ain wasdri;ing the rince out to co++it the +urders in -its o- -antastic rage.Siering goes on to suggest that ord Salisbur, in ossibl collusionwith Bertie, had >dd *illed b a +orhine o;erdose.

Du+below states that the boo* was called @=rade L -iction@ b theA+erican re;iewer, :ale . #al*er and that Sierings own resonse tothe criticis+ was to clai+ that the aers also included >dds con-ession

to =ull which was not +entioned in the boo*. ollowing this clai+, both#al*er and Du+below atte+ted to trace the eistence o- these =ulldocu+ents but were in-or+ed b 7he $ew Ior* Acade+ o- Medicinethat @$one o- the entries in our catalog -or wor*s b or about Sir #illia+=ull contain the +aterial re-erred to b Mr. Siering.@ 7he resonse toDu+belows re4uest +entions that it is not inconcei;able that the+aterial could ha;e been +islaced @but it is highl unli*el@. Du+belowgoes on to show that Sierings research was slo at best andthere-ore discredits +uch o- the theor.


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orchestrated to sell coies o- the boo*.

Since then Siering has not +ade an -urther clai+s or roduced an-urther e;idence suorting his theor.

9a;ing sur;i;ed accusation as the Dier, >dd now +o;ed into the roleo- suorting laer to the +urderer (or +urderers) in two searatetheories. 7he -irst in;ol;ed his old Ca+bridge tutor, a+es . Stehenand was initiall +ade in Michael 9arrisons biograh o- >dd, Cla#ence.According to this theor, 9arrison had gone o;er Stowells article andco+e to the conclusion that @S@ was not >dd, but actuall Stehens whowas co++itting the +urders @out o- a twisted desire -or re;enge@because o- the dissolution o- a ho+oseual relationshi with >dd.

a+es Stehen was the son o- in-a+ous Mabric* udge, Sir a+es

it/a+es Stehen, and cousin o- Ganessa Bell and Girginia #ool-. dds tutor at Ca+bridge where his +ission wasto tr and bring >dds intelligence u to accetable le;els. >dds +indwas, according to one -or+er tutor, @abnor+all dor+ant@. :uring thiseriod, 9arrison clai+s, a seual relationshi began between the tutorand uil, resulting in a scandal o- which, aarentl, little e;idencere+ains. @7he accusation see+s chie-l to be based on 9arrisonsinterretation o- the old rugb song, 7he Called the Bastard Stehen,which he thin*s re-ers to Stehen and Clarence@ (Du+below, 1'8)

7he relationshi suosedl ended when >dd was ga/etted to the 10th9ussars on une 1th, 1885. 7here aears to be no -urther incidentuntil two ears later when Stehen had a +sterious, and e;entuall-atal, accident. Searate descritions o- the accident eist. Girginia#ool-s biograher, uentin Bell, sas that the -a+il tradition was thatStehen was struc* in the head b so+e obect -ro+ a +o;ing train.9arrison clai+s that Stehen was inured when a horse he was ridingshied and bac*ed hi+ into the +o;ing ;ane o- a wind+ill. #hate;er thecase, the accident was a +aor one and re4uired a great deal o- care.

Although he originall aeared to ha;e +ade a co+lete reco;er, itwas later disco;ered that his brain had been er+anentl da+aged andStehen was slowl going +ad.

Stehens beha;ior was 4uite unusual. Bell relates incidents o- Stehenlunging the blade -ro+ a sword stic* into bread, beco+ing deluged thathe was a ainter o- great genius, rushing about insanel in a hanso+,and @on another occasion he aeared at brea*-ast and announced, as


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though it were an a+using incident, that the doctors had told hi+ thathe would either die or go co+letel +ad.@ (Du+below, 1'')

At this oint, Stehen beco+es a atient o- Sir #illia+ =ull (Du+belowlaces it a-ter =ulls -irst stro*e in 188) and begins a raid +ental and

hsical decline. Stehen dri-ts -ro+ one roect to the net with little-ocus or interest. ddJStehen theor resur-aced in :a;idAbraha+sens boo*, !#de# and adness, 'he ec#et Li%e o% Jac+ theDippe#. Abraha+sen was a -orensic schiatrist who de;eloed aschological ro-ile o- ac* based uon the +urders and what little


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e;idence was le-t behind. 9is conclusion that the +urderer was insaneand that the +urders were seual in +oti;e was not anthing new e;enthough he did gi;e so+e new interretations o- so+e o- the e;idenceand +ethod. #here Abraha+sen -ails is that he then ta*es the ro-ileand goes loo*ing -or so+eone to +atch it Stehen is the onl logicalchoice because he is the onl one o- the $?#$ susects who +atchesthe ro-ile. 7his ignores the -act that the Dier could still be so+eoneun*nown to us at this ti+e. >;en +ore, Abraha+sen clai+s that >ddwas an acco+lice in the cri+es and that he and Stehen enoed a+utuall deendent relationshi with Stehen being the do+inantartner. As the theor is based ;irtuall co+letel on schologicalconclusions, the lac*, or contradicting nature, o- so+e re+aininge;idence.

>dd is unli*el to ha;e been the source o- Stehens lo;esic* +urder+adness, but >dd returns in what is the +ost oular theor to date.

7he Doal Consirac theor -irst aeared in 1'3 in the BBCrogra++e,Jac+ the Dippe#. dd and a oor Catholic girl na+ed Alice MarCroo*. Sic*ert ainted a strange stor in;ol;ing >dd, ord Salisbur, Sir

Dobert Anderson, Sir #illia+ =ull, and e;en ueen Gictoria hersel-7he +an, oseh Sic*ert, was the son o- -a+ous ainter, #alter Sic*ert,-ro+ who+ he reortedl got the stor. Sic*ert had li;ed in the >ast >ndduring the ti+e o- the +urders and was suosedl a close -riend o- theDoal -a+il. rincess Ale as*ed Sic*ert to ta*e >dd under his wingand watch out -or hi+. Sic*ert e;entuall introduced >dd to a oor girlna+ed Annie Croo* who wor*ed in one o- the local shos in Cle;elandStreet. >dd soon got the girl regnant and the were li;ing 4uitehail with their daughter Alice until the ueen disco;ered her

grandsons indiscretion and de+anded that the situation be ter+inated.$ot onl was Annie a co++oner, but a Catholic as well and there wasbelie- that news o- a Catholic heir to the throne would sar* a re;olution.7he ueen ga;e the +atter to her ri+e Minister, ord Salisbur, tosol;e and he, in turn, went to Sir #illia+ =ull. A-ter a daring raid on theCle;eland Street lo;e nest, >dd was ta*en awa and Annie was sent toone o- =ulls hositals where =ull er-or+ed eeri+ents on herdesigned to erase her +e+or and dri;e her insane. 7heir child,


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howe;er, escaed the raid unhar+ed with her nann, Mar ell.

ell had been a cowor*er o- Annies, as well as a +odel -or Sic*ert, andshe beca+e the childs nann soon a-ter its birth. nowing that the ga+ewas u, ell hid Alice with nuns and -led into the >ast >nd. >;entuall,

she told the stor to se;eral o- her cronies ($ichols, Stride andCha+an) and the decided to blac*+ail the go;ern+ent when theneeded +one to a local rotection thugs. #hen Salisbur learned o-the threat, he called on =ull again

7his ti+e, =ull de;ised an elaborate sche+e to silence the wo+en basedon Masonic rituals. >nlisting the hel o- ohn $etle, a coach+an, hecreated ac* the Dier as a s+bol o- ree+asonr. Sir DobertAnderson was enlisted to hel co;er u the cri+es and act as loo*outduring the +urders. 7he +urders would be silent +essages about theower and strength o- Masonr and the -ate awaiting an who oosedthe+.

>ddowes, Sic*ert said, was a +ista*e. She o-ten went b the na+e o-Mar ell and it was a case o- +ista*en identit. ?nce the truth was*nown, the real Mar ell was -ound and silenced. 7he consiracclosed in uon itsel- and chose M.. :ruitt as a scaegoat to ta*e thebla+e and, Sic*ert hinted, :ruitt was +urdered -or it. 7he girl, Alice,grew u and later, b an odd series o- twists and turns, +arried #alterSic*ert and ga;e birth to oseh.

7he rogra+ caused a sensation and lead directl to the ublication o-Stehen nights contro;ersial boo*Jac+ the Dippe#5 'he 9inal ol!tionin 1'8.


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because all e;idence was destroed Degardless o- the legiti+atecriticis+s, the Doal Consirac re+ains one o- the +ost oulartheories with se;eral +o;ies, no;els, and grahic no;els built around it.

dd a serious susect. Although

ru+ored, there is no concrete e;idence that >dd had +ental roble+s(either through shilis or an other reason), he is reorted being out o-the countr during the +urders, and no solid e;idence has been roducedthat lin*s >dd to seual relationshis with either a+es Stehen or AnnieCroo*. :esite these -acts, it aears li*el that (outside o- serious Diercircles) the theor o- >dds in;ol;e+ent in the +urders in so+e wa willne;er co+letel -ade

original case book jack the ripper

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