Origins of American Government U.S. Government Chapter 2 Section 1: The Colonial Period English Political Heritage Section 1: The Colonial Period English Political Heritage Limited Government Section 1: The Colonial Period English Political Heritage Limited Government Magna Carta Section 1: The Colonial Period English Political Heritage Limited Government Petition of Right Section 1: The Colonial Period English Political Heritage Limited Government Petition of Right English Bill of Rights Section 1: The Colonial Period English Political Heritage Limited Government Petition of Right English Bill of Rights Representative Government Section 1: The Colonial Period English Political Heritage Limited Government Petition of Right English Bill of Rights Representative Government House of Commons and House of Lords Section 1: The Colonial Period English Political Heritage Limited Government Petition of Right English Bill of Rights Representative Government New Ideas about Liberty Two Treatise on Government by John Locke Section 1: The Colonial Period Colonial Governments Section 1: The Colonial Period Colonial Governments Written Constitutions Section 1: The Colonial Period Colonial Governments Written Constitutions The Mayflower Compact Section 1: The Colonial Period Colonial Governments Written Constitutions The Mayflower Compact 1620 General Fundamentals 1629 Section 1: The Colonial Period Colonial Governments Written Constitutions The Mayflower Compact 1620 General Fundamentals 1629 Fundamental Orders of Connecticut 1639 Section 1: The Colonial Period Colonial Governments Written Constitutions Colonial Legislatures The Virginia House of Burgesses 1619 Section 1: The Colonial Period Colonial Governments Written Constitutions Colonial Legislatures Separation of Powers Section 1: The Colonial Period Colonial Governments Written Constitutions Colonial Legislatures Separation of Powers Charles-Louis Montesquieu The Spirit of Laws Section 2: Uniting for Independence Colonial Self-Rule Section 2: Uniting for Independence Colonial Self-Rule Britain Tightens Control Section 2: Uniting for Independence Colonial Self-Rule Britain Tightens Control French and Indian War Debt Section 2: Uniting for Independence Colonial Self-Rule Britain Tightens Control Taxing the Colonies Section 2: Uniting for Independence Colonial Self-Rule Britain Tightens Control Taxing the Colonies Stamp Act of 1765 Section 2: Uniting for Independence Colonial Self-Rule Britain Tightens Control Taxing the Colonies Stamp Act of 1765 Tariffs Section 2: Uniting for Independence Colonial Self-Rule Britain Tightens Control Taxing the Colonies Stamp Act of 1765 Tariffs Revenue Section 2: Uniting for Independence Colonial Self-Rule Britain Tightens Control Taxing the Colonies Stamp Act of 1765 Tariffs Revenue Boston Tea Party 1773 Section 2: Uniting for Independence Colonial Self-Rule Britain Tightens Control Taxing the Colonies Stamp Act of 1765 Tariffs Revenue Boston Tea Party 1773 Coercive Acts/ Intolerable Acts Section 2: Uniting for Independence Colonial Unity Section 2: Uniting for Independence Colonial Unity Albany Plan of Union 1754 Section 2: Uniting for Independence Colonial Unity Taking Action Section 2: Uniting for Independence Colonial Unity Taking Action Stamp Act Congress 1765 Section 2: Uniting for Independence Colonial Unity Taking Action Stamp Act Congress 1765 Committees of Correspondence Section 2: Uniting for Independence Colonial Unity Taking Action First Continental Congress Section 2: Uniting for Independence Colonial Unity Taking Action First Continental Congress Philadelphia September 5, 1774 Section 2: Uniting for Independence Colonial Unity Taking Action First Continental Congress Philadelphia September 5, 1774 Embargo Section 2: Uniting for Independence Colonial Unity Taking Action First Continental Congress Philadelphia September 5, 1774 Embargo Shot heard round the world Lexington and Concord, MA April 19, 1775 Section 2: Uniting for Independence Colonial Unity Taking Action First Continental Congress Second Continental Congress Section 2: Uniting for Independence Colonial Unity Taking Action First Continental Congress Second Continental Congress Assumed Powers of Central Government Section 2: Uniting for Independence Colonial Unity Taking Action First Continental Congress Second Continental Congress Assumed Powers of Central Government Appointed John Hancock president Section 2: Uniting for Independence Colonial Unity Taking Action First Continental Congress Second Continental Congress Assumed Powers of Central Government Appointed John Hancock president Organized Army and Navy Section 2: Uniting for Independence Colonial Unity Taking Action First Continental Congress Second Continental Congress Assumed Powers of Central Government Appointed John Hancock president Organized Army and Navy Put George Washington in charge of military Section 2: Uniting for Independence Colonial Unity Taking Action First Continental Congress Second Continental Congress Assumed Powers of Central Government Appointed John Hancock president Organized Army and Navy Put George Washington in charge of military Operated the country during the Revolution Section 2: Uniting for Independence Independence Thomas Paine Common Sense Section 2: Uniting for Independence Independence Thomas Paine Common Sense Richard Henry Lee Section 2: Uniting for Independence Independence Declaration of Independence Written by Thomas Jefferson Approved on July 4, 1776 John Hancock first to sign Section 2: Uniting for Independence Independence Declaration of Independence Written by Thomas Jefferson Section 2: Uniting for Independence Independence Declaration of Independence Written by Thomas Jefferson Approved on July 4, 1776 Section 2: Uniting for Independence Independence Declaration of Independence Written by Thomas Jefferson Approved on July 4, 1776 John Hancock first to sign Section 2: Uniting for Independence Independence Declaration of Independence Written by Thomas Jefferson Approved on July 4, 1776 John Hancock first to sign Used to justify the revolution Section 2: Uniting for Independence Independence Declaration of Independence Written by Thomas Jefferson Approved on July 4, 1776 John Hancock first to sign Used to justify the revolution Groundbreaking for establishing government based on human rights and consent of the governed Section 2: Uniting for Independence Independence Declaration of Independence First State Constitutions States allowed to design their own government All saw people as the sole source of authority Section 3: The Articles of Confederation Ratified March 1781 Section 3: The Articles of Confederation Ratified March 1781 Very Simple Unicameral Legislature Section 3: The Articles of Confederation Ratified March 1781 Very Simple Unicameral Legislature No Courts Section 3: The Articles of Confederation Ratified March 1781 Very Simple Congressional Powers: Section 3: The Articles of Confederation Ratified March 1781 Very Simple Congressional Powers: Make war and peace Section 3: The Articles of Confederation Ratified March 1781 Very Simple Congressional Powers: Make war and peace Send and receive ambassadors Section 3: The Articles of Confederation Ratified March 1781 Very Simple Congressional Powers: Make war and peace Send and receive ambassadors Enter into treatise Section 3: The Articles of Confederation Ratified March 1781 Very Simple Congressional Powers: Make war and peace Send and receive ambassadors Enter into treatise Raise and equip navy Section 3: The Articles of Confederation Ratified March 1781 Very Simple Congressional Powers: Make war and peace Send and receive ambassadors Enter into treatise Raise and equip navy Maintain an army by requesting troops from the states Section 3: The Articles of Confederation Ratified March 1781 Very Simple Congressional Powers: Make war and peace Send and receive ambassadors Enter into treatise Raise and equip navy Maintain an army by requesting troops from the states Appoint senior military officers Section 3: The Articles of Confederation Ratified March 1781 Very Simple Congressional Powers: Make war and peace Send and receive ambassadors Enter into treatise Raise and equip navy Maintain an army by requesting troops from the states Appoint senior military officers Fix standards of weights and measures Section 3: The Articles of Confederation Ratified March 1781 Very Simple Congressional Powers: Make war and peace Send and receive ambassadors Enter into treatise Raise and equip navy Maintain an army by requesting troops from the states Appoint senior military officers Fix standards of weights and measures Regulate Indian affairs Section 3: The Articles of Confederation Ratified March 1781 Very Simple Congressional Powers: Make war and peace Send and receive ambassadors Enter into treatise Raise and equip navy Maintain an army by requesting troops from the states Appoint senior military officers Fix standards of weights and measures Regulate Indian affairs Establish post offices Section 3: The Articles of Confederation Ratified March 1781 Very Simple Congressional Powers: Make war and peace Send and receive ambassadors Enter into treatise Raise and equip navy Maintain an army by requesting troops from the states Appoint senior military officers Fix standards of weights and measures Regulate Indian affairs Establish post offices Decide certain disputes among the states Section 3: The Articles of Confederation Weakness of the Articles Section 3: The Articles of Confederation Weakness of the Articles Congress could not levy or collect taxes Section 3: The Articles of Confederation Weakness of the Articles Congress could not levy or collect taxes Congress could not legislate trade, even between states Section 3: The Articles of Confederation Weakness of the Articles Congress could not levy or collect taxes Congress could not legislate trade, even between states Congress cannot enforce laws. Congress could only ask states to enforce them. Section 3: The Articles of Confederation Weakness of the Articles Congress could not levy or collect taxes Congress could not legislate trade, even between states Congress cannot enforce laws. Congress could only ask states to enforce them. Laws needed 9 out of 13 votes. Each state had one equal vote. Section 3: The Articles of Confederation Weakness of the Articles Congress could not levy or collect taxes Congress could not legislate trade, even between states Congress cannot enforce laws. Congress could only ask states to enforce them. Laws needed 9 out of 13 votes. Each state had one equal vote. It took a unanimous vote to amend the articles (This never happened) Section 3: The Articles of Confederation Weakness of the Articles Congress could not levy or collect taxes Congress could not legislate trade, even between states Congress cannot enforce laws. Congress could only ask states to enforce them. Laws needed 9 out of 13 votes. Each state had one equal vote. It took a unanimous vote to amend the articles (This never happened) No executive branch Section 3: The Articles of Confederation Weakness of the Articles Congress could not levy or collect taxes Congress could not legislate trade, even between states Congress cannot enforce laws. Congress could only ask states to enforce them. Laws needed 9 out of 13 votes. Each state had one equal vote. It took a unanimous vote to amend the articles (This never happened) No executive branch No court system to settle disputes Section 3: The Articles of Confederation Government established policy for states to cede land to central government Section 3: The Articles of Confederation Government established policy for states to cede land to central government Northwest Ordinance of 1787 Section 3: The Articles of Confederation Government established policy for states to cede land to central government Northwest Ordinance of 1787 Treaty with Britain in 1783 Section 3: The Articles of Confederation Government established policy for states to cede land to central government Northwest Ordinance of 1787 Treaty with Britain in 1783 Cabinet secretaries Section 3: The Articles of Confederation Need for Stronger Government Section 3: The Articles of Confederation Need for Stronger Government Growing Problems Section 3: The Articles of Confederation Need for Stronger Government Growing Problems oStates fighting over new lands Section 3: The Articles of Confederation Need for Stronger Government Growing Problems oStates fighting over new lands oStates fight over tariffs Section 3: The Articles of Confederation Need for Stronger Government Growing Problems oStates fighting over new lands oStates fight over tariffs oEconomic downturn in 1786 Section 3: The Articles of Confederation Shays rebellion Section 3: The Articles of Confederation Shays rebellion oEconomic downturn caused foreclosures on farms Section 3: The Articles of Confederation Shays rebellion oEconomic downturn caused foreclosures on farms oFarmers led by Daniel Shays started a rebellion, shutting down courts to prevent foreclosures and asking government to stop them until recession over. Section 3: The Articles of Confederation Shays rebellion oEconomic downturn caused foreclosures on farms oFarmers led by Daniel Shays started a rebellion, shutting down courts to prevent foreclosures and asking government to stop them until recession over. oMassachusetts stopped the rebellion, but it made leaders nervous. Section 3: The Articles of Confederation Shays rebellion oEconomic downturn caused foreclosures on farms oFarmers led by Daniel Shays started a rebellion, shutting down courts to prevent foreclosures and asking government to stop them until recession over. oMassachusetts stopped the rebellion, but it made leaders nervous. oHenry Knox used this as argument for need of new central government Section 3: The Articles of Confederation Annapolis Convention Section 3: The Articles of Confederation Annapolis Convention oGeorge Washington had successful meetings at his house, Mount Vernon, between Maryland and Virginia. Section 3: The Articles of Confederation Annapolis Convention oGeorge Washington had successful meetings at his house, Mount Vernon, between Maryland and Virginia. oVirginia called for a meeting in Annapolis to discuss commerce in 1786. Section 3: The Articles of Confederation Annapolis Convention oGeorge Washington had successful meetings at his house, Mount Vernon, between Maryland and Virginia. oVirginia called for a meeting in Annapolis to discuss commerce in oOnly 5 showed up. Section 3: The Articles of Confederation Annapolis Convention oGeorge Washington had successful meetings at his house, Mount Vernon, between Maryland and Virginia. oVirginia called for a meeting in Annapolis to discuss commerce in oOnly 5 showed up. oThese five called for another convention, in Philadelphia in 1787. Section 3: The Articles of Confederation Annapolis Convention oGeorge Washington had successful meetings at his house, Mount Vernon, between Maryland and Virginia. oVirginia called for a meeting in Annapolis to discuss commerce in oOnly 5 showed up. oThese five called for another convention, in Philadelphia in oAmong those people were James Madison and Alexander Hamilton. Section 3: The Articles of Confederation Annapolis Convention oGeorge Washington had successful meetings at his house, Mount Vernon, between Maryland and Virginia. oVirginia called for a meeting in Annapolis to discuss commerce in oOnly 5 showed up. oThese five called for another convention, in Philadelphia in oAmong those people were James Madison and Alexander Hamilton. oCongress agreed to hold this meeting for the purpose of amending the articles to regulate commerce better and create a stronger national government. Section 4: The Constitutional Convention oMay 25, 1787 Began in Philadelphia Section 4: The Constitutional Convention oMay 25, 1787 Began in Philadelphia Only 12 states came Section 4: The Constitutional Convention oMay 25, 1787 Began in Philadelphia Only 12 states came 74 delegates elected, 55 came, 39 signed final constitution Section 4: The Constitutional Convention oMay 25, 1787 Began in Philadelphia Only 12 states came 74 delegates elected, 55 came, 39 signed final constitution George Washingtons presence made it legitimate Section 4: The Constitutional Convention oMay 25, 1787 Began in Philadelphia Only 12 states came 74 delegates elected, 55 came, 39 signed final constitution George Washingtons presence made it legitimate The world-famous polymath, Benjamin Franklin took part in many debates. Section 4: The Constitutional Convention oMay 25, 1787 Began in Philadelphia Only 12 states came 74 delegates elected, 55 came, 39 signed final constitution George Washingtons presence made it legitimate The world-famous polymath, Benjamin Franklin took part in many debates. The Father of the Constitution, James Madison, attended as a representative from Virginia. Section 4: The Constitutional Convention oOrganization Section 4: The Constitutional Convention oOrganization George Washington chosen as president of the convention Section 4: The Constitutional Convention oOrganization George Washington chosen as president of the convention One vote per state and simple majority makes a decision Section 4: The Constitutional Convention oOrganization George Washington chosen as president of the convention One vote per state and simple majority makes a decision Quorum set at 7 Section 4: The Constitutional Convention oOrganization oAgreements Instead of reforming the articles, they started over Section 4: The Constitutional Convention oOrganization oAgreements Instead of reforming the articles, they started over Limited and representative government Section 4: The Constitutional Convention oOrganization oAgreements Instead of reforming the articles, they started over Limited and representative government 3 branches of government Section 4: The Constitutional Convention oOrganization oAgreements Instead of reforming the articles, they started over Limited and representative government 3 branches of government States cannot mint money Section 4: The Constitutional Convention oMaking Decisions and Compromises The Virginia Plan Section 4: The Constitutional Convention oMaking Decisions and Compromises The Virginia Plan Became the basis of the new Constitution Section 4: The Constitutional Convention oMaking Decisions and Compromises The Virginia Plan Became the basis of the new Constitution This plan gave larger states more control Section 4: The Constitutional Convention oMaking Decisions and Compromises The Virginia Plan The New Jersey Plan Section 4: The Constitutional Convention oMaking Decisions and Compromises The Virginia Plan The New Jersey Plan Largely maintained the Articles of Confederation Section 4: The Constitutional Convention oMaking Decisions and Compromises The Virginia Plan The New Jersey Plan Largely maintained the Articles of Confederation Each state would still get one vote Section 4: The Constitutional Convention oMaking Decisions and Compromises The Virginia Plan The New Jersey Plan The Connecticut Compromise Section 4: The Constitutional Convention oMaking Decisions and Compromises The Virginia Plan The New Jersey Plan The Connecticut Compromise This brought balance between large states and small states by changing the way each house was chosen Section 4: The Constitutional Convention oMaking Decisions and Compromises The Virginia Plan The New Jersey Plan The Connecticut Compromise Three-Fifths Compromise Slaves only count as 3/5 of a person Section 4: The Constitutional Convention oMaking Decisions and Compromises The Virginia Plan The New Jersey Plan The Connecticut Compromise Three-Fifths Compromise Slavery and Commerce Section 4: The Constitutional Convention oMaking Decisions and Compromises The Virginia Plan The New Jersey Plan The Connecticut Compromise Three-Fifths Compromise Slavery and Commerce Congress cannot legislate slave trade until 1808 Section 4: The Constitutional Convention oMaking Decisions and Compromises The Virginia Plan The New Jersey Plan The Connecticut Compromise Three-Fifths Compromise Slavery and Commerce Congress cannot legislate slave trade until 1808 Congress can regulate interstate commerce Section 4: The Constitutional Convention oMaking Decisions and Compromises The Virginia Plan The New Jersey Plan The Connecticut Compromise Three-Fifths Compromise Slavery and Commerce Congress cannot legislate slave trade until 1808 Congress can regulate interstate commerce Congress cannot impose an export tax Section 4: The Constitutional Convention oMaking Decisions and Compromises The Virginia Plan The New Jersey Plan The Connecticut Compromise Three-Fifths Compromise Slavery and Commerce Congress cannot legislate slave trade until 1808 Congress can regulate interstate commerce Congress cannot impose an export tax Slavery was not really dealt with because it was too contentious Section 4: The Constitutional Convention oMaking Decisions and Compromises The Virginia Plan The New Jersey Plan The Connecticut Compromise Three-Fifths Compromise Slavery and Commerce Congress cannot legislate slave trade until 1808 Congress can regulate interstate commerce Congress cannot impose an export tax Slavery was not really dealt with because it was too contentious Section 4: The Constitutional Convention oMaking Decisions and Compromises The Virginia Plan The New Jersey Plan The Connecticut Compromise Three-Fifths Compromise Slavery and Commerce Other Compromises Section 4: The Constitutional Convention oMaking Decisions and Compromises The Virginia Plan The New Jersey Plan The Connecticut Compromise Three-Fifths Compromise Slavery and Commerce Other Compromises Electoral College elects president Section 4: The Constitutional Convention oMaking Decisions and Compromises The Virginia Plan The New Jersey Plan The Connecticut Compromise Three-Fifths Compromise Slavery and Commerce Other Compromises Electoral College elects president President has 4 year term Section 4: The Constitutional Convention oMaking Decisions and Compromises The Virginia Plan The New Jersey Plan The Connecticut Compromise Three-Fifths Compromise Slavery and Commerce Other Compromises Document was signed by 39 delegates on September 17, 1787. Section 4: The Constitutional Convention oRatification Section 4: The Constitutional Convention oRatification 9 of 13 states had to ratify for acceptance Section 4: The Constitutional Convention oRatification 9 of 13 states had to ratify for acceptance Rhode Island was last to ratify on May 29, 1790. Section 4: The Constitutional Convention oRatification The debate split into two groups, the federalists and anti-federalists. Section 4: The Constitutional Convention oRatification The debate split into two groups, the federalists and anti-federalists. Federalists were largely merchants from cities Section 4: The Constitutional Convention oRatification The debate split into two groups, the federalists and anti-federalists. Federalists were largely merchants from cities Anti-federalists were largely farmers Section 4: The Constitutional Convention oRatification The debate split into two groups, the federalists and anti-federalists. Federalists were largely merchants from cities Anti-federalists were largely farmers Anti-federalists said the constitution was extralegal because the convention wasnt authorized to make a new government. Section 4: The Constitutional Convention oRatification The debate split into two groups, the federalists and anti-federalists. Federalists were largely merchants from cities Anti-federalists were largely farmers Anti-federalists said the constitution was extralegal because the convention wasnt authorized to make a new government. Anti-federalists argues the government could trample individual rights because it did not include a Bill of Rights. Section 4: The Constitutional Convention oRatification The debate split into two groups, the federalists and anti-federalists. Federalists were largely merchants from cities Anti-federalists were largely farmers Anti-federalists said the constitution was extralegal because the convention wasnt authorized to make a new government. Anti-federalists argues the government could trample individual rights because it did not include a Bill of Rights. Federalists argued that anarchy would prevail if there were no strong central government. Federalists guaranteed a Bill of Rights would be added after ratification. Section 4: The Constitutional Convention oRatification The debate split into two groups, the federalists and anti-federalists. Federalists were largely merchants from cities Anti-federalists were largely farmers Anti-federalists said the constitution was extralegal because the convention wasnt authorized to make a new government. Anti-federalists argues the government could trample individual rights because it did not include a Bill of Rights. Federalists argued that anarchy would prevail if there were no strong central government. Federalists guaranteed a Bill of Rights would be added after ratification. Small states ratified quickly. Large states took longer. Section 4: The Constitutional Convention oRatification The debate split into two groups, the federalists and anti-federalists. Federalists were largely merchants from cities Anti-federalists were largely farmers Anti-federalists said the constitution was extralegal because the convention wasnt authorized to make a new government. Anti-federalists argues the government could trample individual rights because it did not include a Bill of Rights. Federalists argued that anarchy would prevail if there were no strong central government. Federalists guaranteed a Bill of Rights would be added after ratification. Small states ratified quickly. Large states took longer. George Washington, James Madison, and Edward Randolph helped it pass in Virginia. Alexander Hamilton spent 6 weeks debating it in New York. Section 4: The Constitutional Convention oRatification The debate split into two groups, the federalists and anti-federalists. Federalists were largely merchants from cities Anti-federalists were largely farmers Anti-federalists said the constitution was extralegal because the convention wasnt authorized to make a new government. Anti-federalists argues the government could trample individual rights because it did not include a Bill of Rights. Federalists argued that anarchy would prevail if there were no strong central government. Federalists guaranteed a Bill of Rights would be added after ratification. Small states ratified quickly. Large states took longer. George Washington, James Madison, and Edward Randolph helped it pass in Virginia. Alexander Hamilton spent 6 weeks debating it in New York. To help it pass in New York, Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, and John Jay published a series of articles, now called the Federalist. Section 4: The Constitutional Convention oRatification The debate split into two groups, the federalists and anti-federalists. Federalists were largely merchants from cities Anti-federalists were largely farmers Anti-federalists said the constitution was extralegal because the convention wasnt authorized to make a new government. Anti-federalists argues the government could trample individual rights because it did not include a Bill of Rights. Federalists argued that anarchy would prevail if there were no strong central government. Federalists guaranteed a Bill of Rights would be added after ratification. Small states ratified quickly. Large states took longer. George Washington, James Madison, and Edward Randolph helped it pass in Virginia. Alexander Hamilton spent 6 weeks debating it in New York. To help it pass in New York, Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, and John Jay published a series of articles, now called the Federalist. Section 4: The Constitutional Convention oA New State New government formed in its capital on New York City. Section 4: The Constitutional Convention oA New State New government formed in its capital on New York City. George Washington elected as the first president and John Adams elected as Vice President Section 4: The Constitutional Convention oA New State New government formed in its capital on New York City. George Washington elected as the first president and John Adams elected as Vice President 22 senators and 59 representatives were elected and met for the first Congress on March 4, 1789. Section 4: The Constitutional Convention oA New State New government formed in its capital on New York City. George Washington elected as the first president and John Adams elected as Vice President 22 senators and 59 representatives were elected and met for the first Congress on March 4, On April 30 th, George Washington was sworn in, becoming the first President. Section 4: The Constitutional Convention oA New State New government formed in its capital on New York City. George Washington elected as the first president and John Adams elected as Vice President 22 senators and 59 representatives were elected and met for the first Congress on March 4, On April 30 th, George Washington was sworn in, becoming the first President. James Madison introduced a 12 amendment Bill of Rights. Only 10 were ratified in 1791.