origins of biological diversity chapter 15. species a population or group of populations whose...
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Origins Of Biological Diversity
Chapter 15
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Species
A population or group of populations whose members have the ability to breed with one another and produce fertile offspring
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Macroevolution
Dramatic biological changes that include the origin of different species Diversity
Increases
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SpeciationThe formation of new species
For new species to form there must be a barrier between the same species to make the group genetically isolated.
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Speciation
Kaibab squirrel Abert squirrel
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Genetic Isolation
1. Reproductive Barriers2. Geographic barriers
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Reproductive BarriersPrevents closely related species from interbreedingTimingBehaviorHabitat
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Timing Similar species have different
breeding seasonsEastern Spotted Western Spotted
Skunk Skunk
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BehaviorSimilar species may have
different courtship or mating behaviors.
Ex: Eastern & Western meadowlarks almost identical in color shape & habitat, but difference in courtship rituals differ different species
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HabitatSpecies remain reproductively
isolated because they are adapted to different habitats.
Ex: Stickleback fish one is a bottom feeder, one spends time in the top open layers of lakes in British Columbia, Canada
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Geographic barriers
A physical barrier that separates a population into groups.
Can be1. Mountains2. Islands with water in between
Darwin’s 13 finches on Galapagos
3. Valleys caused by lava flow
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Mountains
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Geographical isolation
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Patterns of Evolution
Divergent Evolution Convergent
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Divergent Evolution
Related organisms become less alike through Adaptive Radiation
Ex: Galapagos Finches common ancestor on the main land blown to different islands naturally selected into a new species
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Darwin’s Finches
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Convergent EvolutionUnrelated species resemble
each other due to adaptation to similar environments
Environment has an important selective effect on the evolution of species
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A Hummingbird Moth A Humming Bird
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Rate of Evolution
Evolution occurs very slowly Gradualism Punctuated Equilibrium
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Gradualism
Gradual changes in species over time
Evidence of many intermediate forms in fossil records
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Punctuated Equilibrium
Scientists found remains of intermediate forms but also saw that populations remained the same over large periods of time then suddenly changed