origins of democracy enlightenment thinkers enlightenment 18 th century european movement tries to...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Origins of Democracy Enlightenment Thinkers Enlightenment 18 th century European movement Tries to apply science and reason to all aspects of life](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032708/56649e615503460f94b5bfd9/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Origins of DemocracyEnlightenment Thinkers
![Page 2: Origins of Democracy Enlightenment Thinkers Enlightenment 18 th century European movement Tries to apply science and reason to all aspects of life](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032708/56649e615503460f94b5bfd9/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Enlightenment
18th century European movement
Tries to apply science and reason to all aspects of life
![Page 3: Origins of Democracy Enlightenment Thinkers Enlightenment 18 th century European movement Tries to apply science and reason to all aspects of life](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032708/56649e615503460f94b5bfd9/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Thomas Hobbes
Wrote a book called Leviathan in 1651
![Page 4: Origins of Democracy Enlightenment Thinkers Enlightenment 18 th century European movement Tries to apply science and reason to all aspects of life](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032708/56649e615503460f94b5bfd9/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Hobbes QuotationQuote from Leviathan:
“The condition of man [in the state of nature] …is a condition of war of everyone against everyone.”
![Page 5: Origins of Democracy Enlightenment Thinkers Enlightenment 18 th century European movement Tries to apply science and reason to all aspects of life](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032708/56649e615503460f94b5bfd9/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Hobbes’ Main Ideas People are selfish and greedy Social Contract - To avoid chaos, people give
up freedom to a government that will ensure order
The government must be strong and able to put down rebellion
![Page 6: Origins of Democracy Enlightenment Thinkers Enlightenment 18 th century European movement Tries to apply science and reason to all aspects of life](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032708/56649e615503460f94b5bfd9/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Hobbes’ Connections Today His ideas are used to justify absolute power
Many people today think Hobbes’ ideas are a bleak, but true view of how people and governments behave
![Page 7: Origins of Democracy Enlightenment Thinkers Enlightenment 18 th century European movement Tries to apply science and reason to all aspects of life](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032708/56649e615503460f94b5bfd9/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
John LockeWrote Two
Treatises on Government in 1690
![Page 8: Origins of Democracy Enlightenment Thinkers Enlightenment 18 th century European movement Tries to apply science and reason to all aspects of life](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032708/56649e615503460f94b5bfd9/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
John Locke Quotation Quote from Two Treatises on Government:
“Men being… by nature all free, equal, and independent, no one can be put out of this estate and subjected to the political power of another without his own consent.”
![Page 9: Origins of Democracy Enlightenment Thinkers Enlightenment 18 th century European movement Tries to apply science and reason to all aspects of life](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032708/56649e615503460f94b5bfd9/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Locke’s Main Ideas Natural rights-right to life,
liberty, and property. (Every person has them)
Rulers have a responsibility to protect those rights
People have the right to change a government that fails to protect those rights
![Page 10: Origins of Democracy Enlightenment Thinkers Enlightenment 18 th century European movement Tries to apply science and reason to all aspects of life](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032708/56649e615503460f94b5bfd9/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Locke’s Connection Today Locke’s ideas influenced revolutions around
the world and the authors of the US Declaration of Independence
Later, people extended his ideas to include equality for women and others
![Page 11: Origins of Democracy Enlightenment Thinkers Enlightenment 18 th century European movement Tries to apply science and reason to all aspects of life](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032708/56649e615503460f94b5bfd9/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Baron de MontesquieuWrote The Spirit
of the Laws in 1748
![Page 12: Origins of Democracy Enlightenment Thinkers Enlightenment 18 th century European movement Tries to apply science and reason to all aspects of life](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032708/56649e615503460f94b5bfd9/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Montesquieu Quotation
“In order to have… liberty, it is necessary that government be set up so that one man need not be afraid of another.”
![Page 13: Origins of Democracy Enlightenment Thinkers Enlightenment 18 th century European movement Tries to apply science and reason to all aspects of life](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032708/56649e615503460f94b5bfd9/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Montesquieu’s Main Ideas The powers of government should be
separated into 3 parts: Executive Legislative
Judicial Prevent any one group from gaining too much
power
![Page 14: Origins of Democracy Enlightenment Thinkers Enlightenment 18 th century European movement Tries to apply science and reason to all aspects of life](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032708/56649e615503460f94b5bfd9/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Montesquieu-Connections Today US has three branches of government and checks
and balances (limit on power)
![Page 15: Origins of Democracy Enlightenment Thinkers Enlightenment 18 th century European movement Tries to apply science and reason to all aspects of life](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032708/56649e615503460f94b5bfd9/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Jean-Jacques RousseauWrote a book
calledThe Social Contract
![Page 16: Origins of Democracy Enlightenment Thinkers Enlightenment 18 th century European movement Tries to apply science and reason to all aspects of life](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032708/56649e615503460f94b5bfd9/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Rousseau Quotation
“Only the general will can direct the energies of the state in a manner appropriate to the end for which it was founded, i.e., the common good.”
![Page 17: Origins of Democracy Enlightenment Thinkers Enlightenment 18 th century European movement Tries to apply science and reason to all aspects of life](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032708/56649e615503460f94b5bfd9/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Rousseau Main Ideas People are basically good, but become
corrupted by society.
In an ideal society, people would make the laws and would obey them willingly.
Good of community should be put above individual
![Page 18: Origins of Democracy Enlightenment Thinkers Enlightenment 18 th century European movement Tries to apply science and reason to all aspects of life](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032708/56649e615503460f94b5bfd9/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Rousseau Connections Today Rousseau is considered a champion of
democracy because of his ideas that political authority lies with the people
![Page 19: Origins of Democracy Enlightenment Thinkers Enlightenment 18 th century European movement Tries to apply science and reason to all aspects of life](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032708/56649e615503460f94b5bfd9/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Voltaire“My trade is to say what I think”
![Page 20: Origins of Democracy Enlightenment Thinkers Enlightenment 18 th century European movement Tries to apply science and reason to all aspects of life](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032708/56649e615503460f94b5bfd9/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Voltaire Wrote 200 books, 2000 pamphlets Exposed abuses-corrupt officials, slave
trade, religious prejudice, freedom of speech
Exiled for ideas
![Page 21: Origins of Democracy Enlightenment Thinkers Enlightenment 18 th century European movement Tries to apply science and reason to all aspects of life](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032708/56649e615503460f94b5bfd9/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Connection to today First amendment-Freedom of speech Freedom of religion