Origins of MJO in central, equatorial IndianOcean

Mechanisms for initiation notwell understood

MJO affects:

Monsoons (Onset and Intensity)

TC activity in all 3 ocean basins

Teleconnections to mid-latitudes

Coupling to ENSO (influencesonset, intensification and irregularity of ENSO)

DYNAMO---DYNAmics of the MJO

Defined phases of the MJO

AMIE and CINDY/DYNAMO Sites

CINDY2011/DYNAMO

AMIE-Manus

AMIE-Gan

DYNAMO—Fall 2011

GOAL:

• Improve the understanding of MJO initiation processes

OBJECTIVES:

• Collect observations in the equatorial Indian Ocean needed to understand MJO initiation

• Identify critical deficiencies in numerical models responsible for the low prediction skill of MJO initiation

• Provide observations that will assist in the improvement of model parameterizations

• Provide information that will enhance MJO monitoring and climate predictions on intraseasonal timescales

Radar array in relation to DYNAMO Hypotheses

1. Deep convection can be organized into an MJO convective envelope only when the moist layer has become sufficiently deep over a region of the MJO scale

2. Specific convective populations at different stages are essential to MJO initiation

3. The barrier layer, wind- and shear-driven mixing, shallow thermocline, and mixing-layer entrainment all play essential roles in MJO initiation in the Indian Ocean

Sounding/Radar Array

Dick Johnson andPaul Ciesielskileading radiosondeprogram

Gan Ship radar 1

Ship radar 2Diego Garcia

DYNAMO observing network and TRMM 3B43 Oct-Dec precipitation climatology

RV Revelle and RV Mirai:

• Scanning C-band and vertically-pointing W-band radars

Gan “Supersite”:

• DOE AMF2 radars: Could include scanning polarimetric X- and Ka-band radars and a vertically pointing W- or Ka-band radar

• Texas A&M SMART-Radar: Scanning C-band

• NCAR S-Polka radar: Scanning, polarized, dual wavelength (Ka- and S-band)

Radar array

Strengths of individual radarsAMF2

• Vertically pointing W-band Doppler radars (also in ships):

° Non-precip & precip clouds° Light rain° Radiative heating

• X- and Ka-band polarimetric Doppler radars:° Air motions in clouds° Liquid water

SMART-R and ships• C-band Doppler radars:

° Convective and stratiform precipitation° Mesoscale air motions

S-PolKa• S- and Ka-band polarimetric Doppler radar:

° Hydrometeor type° Non- precip & precip clouds° Air motions° Humidity profile in relation to clouds° Boundary layer

Geographic setting

Habitat islands

(linked by road)

Gan islandAddu Atoll

Installation sites suggested by survey team

Spit

Addu Atoll

SPolKa

AMF2

Atmospheric Observations from the R/V Roger Revelle

Atmospheric Observations from the Revelle

TOGA C-band Doppler RadarNOAA HSRL Doppler Lidar

NOAA W-band radarNCAR ISS

Aerosol measurementsAir-sea fluxes

Who is involved…

• Brewer/Wolfe/Fairall– W-band radar, high resolution lidar

• Rutledge– C-band scanning Doppler radar

• Johnson/Brown (NCAR)– Ship Integrated Sounding System, 915 MHz profiler and

radiosonde• Bates

– Aerosol, CCN measurements

NASA-TOGA radar

• Used successfully in TOGA COARE and elsewhere• 5 cm Doppler radar, single polarization• State of the art signal processor upgrade done• NASA/Wallops personnel and Bob Bowie from

CHILL traveling to Darwin now for radar installation next week

Objectives for TOGA based research• Document 3-D structure of precipitating clouds over the

course of MJO initiation and link to moisture field• Characterize convective and mesoscale structure, and degree

of convective organization and link to environmental shear • Estimate divergence profiles from VAD scans to diagnose

heating profiles and the nature of these profiles as the MJO evolves

• Document the 2-D flow structure in organized convective systems and compare to conceptual models for momentum transport

• Produce high quality rain maps based on TOGA reflectivity data (S-polKa polarimetric data will help develop appropriate Z-R relationships)

Light wind and post MJOwesterly phase

Pre-MJO and at leadingportion of MJO

Rickenbach andRutledge (1998)

TOGA COARE observations of mesoscale organization and rainfall contributions

R/V RevelleBuilt: 1996Length: 277’Beam: 52'5”Draft (max): 17’Crew: 22Scientific berthing: 37

http://shipsked.ucsd.edu/Ships/Roger_Revelle/

Revelle O2 deck Placement w/ PMEL Frames

ES

RL

(W-B

and)

TOGA Radar

ESRL (Lidar)

Tip cal

Example of similar installation on the R/V Ronald Brown

Project Timeline

1-OCT 1- NOV 1-DEC 1-JAN 1-FEB 1-MAR 1-APR

EOP

AMF2, SMART-R, Darwin, Manus

S-PolKa, RV Revelle, RV Sagar-Kenya and RV Southern

Surveyor (plus EOP observations)

RV Mirai (plus IOP observations)

• Cruise 1, 29 August to 26 September, Darwin to Phuket Thailand

• Cruise 2, Sept 29 to 31 Oct. Port: TBD soon

• Cruise 3, Nov 5 to 10 December. Port: TBD soon

• Cruise 4, Dec 13 to 5 Jan. Port: TBD soon

• Cruise 5, 11 Jan to 16 Feb, ending at Capetwon where the radar will be removed.

12/9/2010 CSU-CHILL Update 21