osha crane rule cfr 1926 subpart cc

OSHA Crane RuleCFR 1926 Subpart CC

Brian GawlikChicagoland Construction Safety Council

4100 Madison St, Hillside, IL 60162

Crane Accidents / Deaths 2000 - 2009• Year Accident Death• 2000 184 74• 2001 161 107• 2002 171 96• 2003 269 138• 2004 287 142• 2005 231 127• 2006 314 109• 2007 347 176• 2008 401 217• 2009 303 197

Crane Fatalities (Cause)

• Power line contact was by far the most common cause of accidents, accounting for 39 percent of all fatalities. 90/10

Other major causes included: • Assembly/Dismantling (12 percent)• Boom Buckling (8 percent)• Rigging Failure (7 percent) • Upset/Overturn (7 percent).

Effective Date• The U.S. Department of Labor's

Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) issued a new rule addressing the use of cranes and derricks in construction. The new rule, which replaces a standard that was established in 1971, will go into effect on November 8, 2010.

Equipment Covered1926.1400(a)

• This standard will apply to power-operated equipment used in construction that can:– Hoist, lower and horizontally move a

suspended load over 2,000 pounds (1 ton).

NC 1926.1400

Covered Under Subpart CC

Knuckle-boom cranes Crawler cranes

Locomotive cranes Wheel-mounted cranes


Rough-terrain cranes Commercial truck-mounted


Boom truck cranes Carrydeck cranes


Cranes on a monorail Tower cranes


Pedestal cranes Overhead & Gantry cranes


Attachments on Included Equipment

• Hooks,

• Magnets,

• Grapples,


• Clamshell buckets,

• Orange peel buckets,


• Concrete buckets,

• Drag lines,


• Personnel platforms,

• Augers or drills

• Pile driving equipment.

Excluded Equipment1926.1400(c)

• Manually powered hoisting devices - come-a-longs

• Backhoes/excavators, concrete pumps, power shovels

• Vehicle mounted aerial device for lifting personnel and self propelled elevated work platform (i.e. scissor & aerial lifts)

• Forklifts, including all-terrain, dedicated drill rigs• Knuckle boom trucks for placing material on

ground only without arranging in a sequence.

1926.1400 (c)(1) – (15)

Power shovels Excavators

This machinery is also excluded when used with chains, slings or other rigging to lift suspended load

Excluded Equipment

Wheel loaders Backhoes


Excluded Equipment

Loader backhoes Track loaders


Excluded Equipment

Automotive wreckers Tow trucks

When used to clear wrecks and haul vehicles

Excluded Equipment

Stacker cranes Powered industrial trucks

Except when configured to hoist and lower (by means of a winch or hook) and horizontally move a suspended load.

Excluded Equipment

Material Delivery (Excluded) Articulating/Knuckle-boom craneOff loading to the ground (Excluded)

Sheet goods such as, but not limited to:

• Plywood, • Sheet rock

Roof shingles, • Bags or cement

Material Delivery (Included) Articulating/Knuckle-boom crane• Off loading prefabricated structural components (Exclusion do

not apply) to the following: (Included but are not limited to)• Precast Concrete members or panels• Roof Trusses (Wood, Cold Formed Metal, Steel or other material)• Floor , Roof or Wall Panels• Roof structures• Steel Joists• Beams• Columns• Steel Decking

Definitions1926.1401

• No more “Should” or “Shall” • Only “Must” used in this subpart over 800 times

• A/D Director (CP & QP)• Dedicated Spotter (QSP)• Qualified Rigger (QP)• (+) Over 100 Other Definitions

1926.1401

Ground Conditions1926.1402

Controlling entity:• Provide adequate conditions

– Slope, compaction & firmness– Sufficient to support crane (in conjunction with

blocking, mats, etc.)• Inform user and equipment operator of known

underground hazards (voids, utilities, etc.) from – drawings, – as built drawings, – or soil analysis.

1926.1402

Assembley/Disassembly

Erecting, Dismantling, & Assembly of Crane

Requires either: • Following manufacturer's procedures

(including a review of the manufacturer's instructions before assembly and disassembly of a crane), or

• Following employer's procedures that are developed and certified in writing by a qualified person.

1926.1403-1926.1407

Assembly / Disassembly1926.1403-1406

General requirements• A/D supervisor = “competent & qualified person(s)”• A/D supervisor must:

– Understand A/D procedures– Review procedures (unless A/D supervisor has used

them before)– Ensure that the crew members understand their tasks,

hazards, and hazardous position• Follow manufacturer’s limitations• When using outriggers - fully extended or deployed

per the load chart• ALL rigging preformed by a Qualified Rigger

1926.1403 -1406

Table AVoltage (nominal, kV, ac) Minimum clearance distance (ft)

up to 50 10over 50 to 200 15

over 200 to 350 20over 350 to 500 25

over 500 to 750 35

over 750 to 1,000 45

over 1,000Established by the utility owner/

operator or registered professional engineer

1926.1407 Power Line Safety (up to 350 kV) – A/D

Could You Get Within 20 Feet of Power Line?

NOYESOption #1Deenergize & Ground

No Further Action

Option #220 Foot Clearance

Option # 3Ask Utility for Voltage and Use Table A (with minimum clearance distance)

Encroachment /Electrocution Prevention Measures

• Planning Meeting• If tag lines usedNon-conductive

PLUS (choose One)

• Dedicated Spotter, proximity alarm,warning device, range limiter, or elevated warning line, barricade or line of signs

Equipment Operations1926.1408


up to 50 10over 50 to 200 15

over 200 to 350 20over 350 to 500 25

over 500 to 750 35

over 750 to 1,000 45



Hazard Assessments and Precautions Inside the Work

Zone 1926.1408

• Identify the work zone by either:– Demarcating boundaries and prohibiting the

operator from operating the equipment past those boundaries, (such as with flags, range limiter, or range control warning device)

– or

Hazard Assessments and Precautions Inside the Work

Zone • Identify the work

zone by:– Defining the work

zone as the area 360 degrees around the equipment, up to the equipment’s maximum working radius

1926.1408 Power Line Safety (up to 350 kV) – EO



No Further Action




• Planning Meeting• If tag lines usedNon-conductive • Option # 2: Warning line,

barricade, or line of signs at 20’• Option # 3: Warning line,

barricade or line of signs at minimum approach distance in Table A

(If the warning lines are not visible to the operator a spotter is required)

PLUS (choose One)• Proximity alarm, Dedicated

Spotter, warning device, range limiter, or insulating link

1926.1408 Power Line Safety (Over to 350 kV) – EO



No Further Action




• Planning Meeting• If tag lines usedNon-conductive• Option # 2: Warning line,

barricade, or line of signs at 50’• Option # 3: Warning line,

barricade or line of signs at minimum approach distance in Table A

(If the warning lines are not visible to the operator a spotter is required)

PLUS (choose One)• Proximity alarm, Dedicated

Spotter, warning device, range limiter, or insulating link


up to 50 10

over 50 to 200 15

over 200 to 350 20

over 350 to 500 25

over 500 to 750 35

over 750 to 1,000 45



1926.1410 Power Line Safety (all voltages)Equipment Operations Closer Than Table A Zone

• Intentionally Working Closer Than Table A Zone

Must Show:

• Staying Outside Zone is Infeasible

• Infeasible to Deenergize and Ground or relocate

At A Min. - All of the Following Are Required:1. PL owner or RPE sets min approach distance2. Planning meeting – procedures 3. Deactivate automatic re-energizer4. Dedicated Spotter5. Elevated warning line or barricade6. Insulating link, or Guarded – (Example 7. of Guarded: Insulated gloves)7. Non-conductive rigging8. Range limiter (if equipped)9. Non-conductive tag line (if used)10. Barricades 10 feet from equipment11. Limit access to essential employees12. Ground crane 13. Insulating line hose or cover-up14. PL owner or RPE, EO & crew to review the plan15. PL owner or RPE & employers shall select a plan director16. Assess the plan during its use17. Must comply w/manufactures guidelines (1415-1416) 18. Train the operator and crew according to 1408(g), 1430(g)

Procedures that must be

covered during the planning meeting

Inspections1926.1412

• Modified equipment– Inspected by a qualified person after such

modifications/additions have been completed, prior to initial use.

• Repaired/adjusted equipment– That relates to safe operation– Inspected by a qualified person after such a

repair or adjustment has been completed, prior to initial use

1926.1412 (a) (b)


• Post-assembly– Upon completion of assembly – Inspected by a qualified person to assure that it is

configured in accordance with manufacturer equipment criteria

• Each shift– Competent person must begin a visual inspection

prior to each shift– Start before the shift starts and complete before or

during the shift

1926.1412 (c) (d)

Shift Inspection 14 Pt1926.1412

• Control mechanisms for maladjustment

• Control & drive mechanisms for apparent wear

• Air and hydraulic lines• Hydraulic system levels• Hooks & latches• Wire rope reeving• Wire rope• Electrical apparatus• Tires

• Ground conditions• Level within tolerance• Operator cab window• Rails (Rail mounted towers)• Safety devices & operational

aids– Safety Devices (7) – Operational Aids (8)

• Category I (3)• Category II (5)

1926.1412(d)

Safety Devices / Operational Aids1926.1415 & 1416

• Crane level indicator• Boom Stops• Jib Stops• Foot Pedal Brakes• Hydraulic Outrigger / Stabilizer Jacks• Horn• Boom Hoist Limiting Device• Luffing Jib Limiting Device• Anti Two-Blocking• Boom Angle/Radius Indicator• Jib Angle Indicator• Boom Length Indicator• Load Weighting / Similar Devices• Hoist Drum Rotation Indicator• Outrigger/stabilizer Position• Hoist Drum Rotation Indicator

1926.1415 - 1416

Safety Devices

Operational Aid (Category I)

Operational Aid (Category II)

November 8th, 2011 Manufacturer Requirements


• Monthly– Same as shift inspection– Documented– Items checked and the results of the inspection

noted– Name and signature of the person who conducted

the inspection and the date– Document must be retained for a minimum of

three months

1926.1412 (e)


Annual / Comprehensive– At least every 12 months– The equipment must be inspected by a qualified

person.– Disassembly is required, as necessary, to complete

the inspection. – The equipment must be inspected for all of the

following:

1926.1412 (f) for ALL Cranes - PLUS 1926.1435 requirements for Tower Cranes

Annual Inspection1926.1412

• Conducted by a Qualified Person • Documentation

– Maintained, and retained for a minimum of 12 months, by the employer that conducts the inspection

– Items checked and the results of the inspection noted

– Name and signature of the person who conducted the inspection and the date

1926.1412 (f)

Wire Rope Inspection1926.1413

• Shift Inspection by CP (Visual)– Apparent Deficiencies (Running & Standing)

• Category I (Significant distortion, corrosion, kinks…)• Category II (Visible broken wires)• Category III (Broken strand)

• Monthly Inspection by CP (Documented)– Must include items noted in the shift inspection and

any items identified in the annual inspection.• Annual Inspection (Inspected by a QP every 12

months)

1926.1413

Fall Protection1926.1423

Boom walkways• Manufactured after Nov 8, 2011 with lattice

booms must be equipped with walkways on the boom(s) if the vertical profile of the boom (from cord centerline to cord centerline) is 6 or more feet.– Walkways must be at least 12 inches wide.

1926.1423

Fall Protection• Non-assembly/disassembly

– Ensure the use of fall protection equipment for employees who are on a walking/working surface with an unprotected side or edge more than 6 feet above a lower level

• Assembly/disassembly– Ensure the use of fall protection equipment for

employees who are on a walking/ working surface with an unprotected side or edge more than 15 feet above a lower level

1926.1423

Struck-By &Crush/Pinch Points1926.1424

• (2) To prevent employees from entering these hazard areas, the employer must:

• (i) Train each employee assigned to work on or near the equipment (‘‘authorized personnel’’) in how to recognize:

• struck-by and • pinch/crush hazard areas posed by • the rotating superstructure.

Operator Qualification/Certification

• November 8, 2010: State or local license required if (1) working within a state or locality that has licensing requirements and (2) the licensing program meets the licensing and certification criteria listed in subpart CC.

• November 8, 2010-November 10, 2014: Employer must ensure that all operators are competent to operate the equipment safely and are trained and evaluated on that training before operating the equipment.

• November 10, 2014: All operators must be certified or qualified.


• OPTION 1:– Accredited testing organization– Portable Example: Operating Engineers Certification Program

(OECP)• OPTION 2:

– Employer qualification program– Not portable

• OPTION 3:– U.S. military– Not portable

• OPTION 4:– State/local government license– Within the jurisdiction of the government entitySEE Appendix C for details of Operator Q/C

1926.1427


Accredited testing organization

YES * 5 years

Audited Employer Program

NO 5 years

U.S. Military license NO * Set by issuing entity

State/local license NO *Valid only in jurisdiction

Set by issuing entity, not > 5 years

Portable

* Subject to State & Local requirements and whether or not the military/state training meets accredited requirements.

Valid

Option 1 Accredited Testing Organization• (v) Have its accreditation reviewed by the

nationally recognized accrediting agency at least every three years.

• (2) An operator will be deemed qualified to operate a particular piece of equipment if the operator is certified under paragraph (b) of this section for that type and capacity of equipment or for higher-capacity equipment of that type.

• (4) A certification issued under this paragraph is valid for 5 years.

1926.1427

Option 2Employer Program

• Must meet the requirements of 1926.1427(c)• (3) The employer program must be audited within 3

months of the beginning of the program and at least every 3 years thereafter.

• (5) Deficiencies. If the auditor determines that there is a significant deficiency (‘‘deficiency’’) in the program, the employer must ensure that:

• (i) No operator is qualified until the auditor confirms that the deficiency has been corrected.

• No portable• Valid for 5 years

Option 3US Military

• Not portable• (ii) Valid for the period of time stipulated by the issuing

entity.

Option 4State / Local Government

• (3) A license issued by a government accredited crane operator testing organization.

• (i) Meets the operator qualification requirements of this section for operation of equipment only within the jurisdiction of the government entity.

• (ii) Is valid for the period of time stipulated by the licensing department/ office, but no longer than 5 years.


• On Nov 8, 2010 Operator Qualification / Certifications is required 1926.1427 (k)(1)

• If you do not have these credentials• See 1926.1427(f) Training• (f) Pre-qualification/certification training period. An employee who

is not qualified or certified under this section is permitted to operate equipment only as an operator-in-training and only where the requirements of this paragraph are met.

• (3) Trainer. While operating the equipment, the operator-in-training must be continuously monitored by an individual (‘‘operator’s trainer’’) who meets all of the following requirements:

1926.1427


• (ii) The operator’s trainer is:• Either a certified operator under this section, or • has passed the written portion of a certification test under

one of the options in paragraphs (b) through (e) of this section, and is familiar with the proper use of the equipment’s controls.

• 4) Continuous monitoring. The operator-in-training must be monitored by the operator’s trainer at all times, except for short breaks where all of the following are met:

• (i) The break lasts no longer than 15 minutes and there is no more than one break per hour.


• November 8, 2010: State or local license required if (1) working within a state or locality that has licensing requirements and (2) the licensing program meets the licensing and certification criteria listed in subpart CC.

• November 8, 2010-November 10, 2014: Employer must ensure that all operators are competent to operate the equipment safely and are trained and evaluated on that training before operating the equipment.

• November 10, 2014: All operators must be certified or qualified.

1926.1427(a)(3)(3) Exceptions: Operator qualificationor certification under this section is notrequired for operators of:

• Derricks (see § 1926.1436), • Sideboom Cranes (see § 1926.1440), or • Equipment with a maximum manufacturer-

rated hoisting/ lifting capacity of 2,000 pounds or less (see § 1926.1441).

Operators qualifications or certifications are NOT required:

Derrick Cranes

Side Mounted Cranes

2000# or Less of Lifting Capacity

Signals to Crane Operator• Signals to operators must be:

– Hand Signals– Voice Signals– Audible Signals or– New Signals

1926.1419 (b)

Qualifications

Third party qualified evaluator

Yes Yes

Employer qualified evaluator

Yes No

Qualified how Documentation Portable

Qualified Signal Person

Qualified Signal Person • Know & understand how to use the four types of

signals• Basic understand of:

– Equipment operations– Equipment limitations– Crane dynamics– Swinging Loads– Boom Deflection

• Related topics from 14 other sub-section• Pass a written & practical test

Training1926.1430

• Overhead Power Lines• Signal Persons• Dedicated Spotter (QSP• Operators• Competent Person• Qualified Person• Crush/Pinch Points• Tag-Out• Training Administration

1926.1430

Hoisting Personnela. Exceptionsb. Use of personnel platformc. Equipment set-upd. Equipment criteriae. Personnel platform criteriaf. Personnel platform loadingg. Attachment & riggingh. Trial lift & inspectioni. (Reserved)j. Proof testingk. Work practicesl. (Reserved)

m. Per-lift meetingn. Hoisting Personnel near

powerlines (20’ or 50’)

o. Hoisting personnel in drill shafts

p. Hoisting personnel for pile driving operations

q. (Reserved)r. Hoisting personnel for

marine transfers. Hoisting personnel for

storage-tank shaft & chimney operations

1926.1431

Multiple-Crane/Derrick Lift-Supplemental Requirements

• Plan Development by a QP• Plan Implementation / Directed by a

CP/QP

1926.1432

1926.1440 Sideboom Crane Exceptions

1926.1440 Sideboom Crane Exceptions

• (a) The provisions of this standard apply, except

• 1926.1402 (Ground conditions), • 1926.1415 (Safety devices), • 1926.1416 (Operational aids),• 1926.1427 (Operator qualification and certification).

(c) Sideboom cranes mounted on wheel or crawler tractors must meet all of the following requirements of

ASME B30.14–2004• (8) Section 14–1.7.6 (‘‘General• Requirements—Clutch and Brake• Protection’’).• (9) Section 14–2.2.2 (‘‘Testing—

Rated• Load Test’’)• (10) In section 14–3.1.2 (‘‘Operator• Qualifications’’)• (11) In section 14–3.1.3 (‘‘Operating• Practices’’)• (12) In section 14–3.2.3 (‘‘Moving the• Load’’)

• (1) Section 14–1.1 (‘‘Load Ratings’’).• (2) Section 14–1.3 (‘‘Side Boom• Tractor Travel’’).• (3) Section 14–1.5 (‘‘Ropes and• Reeving Accessories’’).• (4) Section 14–1.7.1 (‘‘Booms’’).• (5) Section 14–1.7.2 (‘‘General• Requirements—Exhaust Gases’’).• (6) Section 14–1.7.3 (‘‘General• Requirements—Stabilizers (Wheel-

Type• Side Boom Tractors)’’).• (7) Section 14–1.7.4 (‘‘General• Requirements—Welded Construction’’).

Appendix C• Appendix C to Subpart CC of Part 1926—

Operator Certification: Written Examination: Technical Knowledge Criteria

• This appendix contains information for employers, accredited testing organizations, auditors and government entities developing criteria for a written examination to test an individual’s technical knowledge relating to the operation of cranes.

• Where can I find a copy of the rule? The rule is available at http://www.osha.gov/FedReg_osha_pdf/FED20100809.pdf

• or at • http://edocket.access.gpo.gov/2010/pdf/2010-17818.pdf.

http://www.osha.gov/FedReg_osha_pdf/FED20100809.pdf

http://edocket.access.gpo.gov/2010/pdf/2010-17818.pdf

• How will this rule improve worker safety on construction sites with cranes and derricks?

• Electrocution, • Crushed by parts of the equipment, • Struck-by the equipment/load, and • Falls. • Use of synthetic slings in accordance with the manufacturer's

instructions • Assessment of ground conditions • Qualification or certification of crane operators• procedures for working in the vicinity of power lines. • It is anticipated that this final standard will prevent 22 fatalities

and 175 non-fatal injuries each year.

04/22/23 119

120,000 lb.

Calculate the tension on each sling

04/22/23 120

``

D1 D2

Weight of Load is 5 Tons

THE END

Chicagoland Construction Safety Council4100 Madison Rd, Hillside IL, 60162

1-800-522-7744

osha crane rule cfr 1926 subpart cc

Documents