otec - the future of energy€¦ · otec - the future of energy by hans krock ph.d, pe emeritus...

OTEC - The Future of

Energy by Hans Krock Ph.D, PE

Emeritus Professor University of Hawai’i

Energy Harvesting Systems, LLC

© Energy Harvesting Systems, LLC

● Largest Energy Resource in the World

● Renewable

● Baseload Power

● Environmentally Beneficial

● Economical

Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion – OTEC


Earth’s Solar Energy Flux


● Ocean Temperature in °C at 0 m and 1000 m depth

●

Global Ocean Temperature


∆T in Pacific Ocean

Source: National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL)


Where Cyclones Roam


Closed Cycle OTEC Principle

Rankine Cycle Kalina Cycle

Entropy

Tem

per

atu

re °

C


Closed Cycle OTEC NELHA Pilot Plant


Design Innovations of Kalina Cycle


Excisting Kalina Cycles

2 MW Power Plant Husavik, Iceland 3.4 MW Geothermal Power Plant Unterhaching, Germany


● Hydrogen Fuel

● Potable Water

● Seawater Air Conditioning

● Ice

● Aquaculture

● Agriculture

OTEC Co-products


Historic Efforts


Diego Garcia


Kwajalein


Platform Technology

DR. ALFRED A. YEE’S

CIDS PLATFORM


Modular Platform Design


Deep Ocean Access


Deep Ocean Pipeline

8’ Cold Water Pipe Test Section Kailua Kona, HI

63” Coldwater Air Conditioning Cornell University, Ithaca, NY


Coldwater Pipe


● Material Improvements of Concrete

● Flexible Deep Water Pipe

● Modular Design

● Improved Kalina Cycle

● Dr. Al Yee’s Honeycomb CIDS Platform

● Submersible Pumping System

● 12 pt. Mooring System

● Dynamic Positioning

Major Design Innovations


● Simple

● Commercially Available

● Scientifically Proven

Major Design Innovations


OTEC Economics


Alkaline Electrolysis Plant

OTEC - H2 Production

Source: NEL Hydrogen


Proton Exchange Membrane - PEM Electrolysis

OTEC - H2 Production

Source: Proton OnSite


Fueling the world with H2 produced on OTEC floating platforms

Fuel Cell Vehicles

Hyundai ix35 Toyota Mirai

Mercedes GLC F-CELL Honda Clarity Fuel Cell GM Fuel Cell


Fuel Cell Buses

Wrightbus zero-emission bus EvoBus/Daimler bus

Van Hool Hydrogen bus Solaris Urbino 18,75 Electric


Fuel Cell Truck

https://nikolamotor.com/one




Alstrom hydrogen train Coradia iLint

Fuel Cell Train

http://www.alstom.com/press-centre/2017/03/alstoms-hydrogen-train-coradia-ilint-first-successful-run-at-80-kmh/


Hydrogen Potential


Global Warming


“Business as Usual” Predicted ∆T

Best Case Scenario:

~3° C Warmer

Worst Case Scenario:

~8°C Warmer

Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Report


● Reversal of Global Warming

● Technology Proven and Available

● 100% 24/7 Available Power

● Switch to Hydrogen Fuel Economy

● Eliminate need of importing oil and natural gas

● Preserve Existing Fossil Fuels for manufacture of critical goods

● Utilize Earth’s largest energy resource capable of supplying all of humanity’s energy needs

● WE WILL NEVER RUN OUT OF ENERGY

Summary of Advantages of OTEC


Future Vision


● 750 MW H2 Production Platforms

● H2 and O2 Tankers Supplying Transportation Fuel and Grid Electricity

● No Air Pollution or Oil Spills

● No Dependence on Limited Resources

● Reversal of Global Warming

Future Vision


● Frontrunner for OTEC Technologies

● Energy Independence

● The „Green“ State

● Role Model for OTEC Powered Hydrogen Society

● Build up a New Industry

● Creat High Tech Jobs

Vision and Benefits for Hawai’i


MAHALO

Hans Krock Ph.D PE


● Follows Initial dilution

● Discharge depth = 60 m

● Ambient current = 0.2 m/s

● Initial Temp = 20.9°C

● Ambient Temp = 23°C

● Horizontal Mixing dominates

● At 1 km, ∆T < 0.5°C

● At 3 km, ∆T is neglible

Laboratory Model

Far Field Plume Transport

otec - the future of energy€¦ · otec - the future of energy by hans krock ph.d, pe emeritus...

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