other location methods
DESCRIPTION
Dr. Ron Lembke. Other location methods. P-Median Problem. Minimize average weighted distance to customers, when locating P facilities, where P>=1. Can consider 100s of locations. Complex to solve – there is software for this. Maximum Covering Problem. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
OTHER LOCATION METHODSDr. Ron Lembke
P-Median Problem
Minimize average weighted distance to customers, when locating P facilities, where P>=1.
Can consider 100s of locations. Complex to solve – there is software for
this.
Maximum Covering Problem
A facility can “cover” a customer if the customer is within X miles of the facility.
Try to find the best location, and minimum number of facilities to cover all demands.
Cover a table with plates to cover coins sprinkled across it
Math also very hard.
Max Covering 10 = 82%
Max Covering 20 = 97%
90.00%
91.00%
92.00%
93.00%
94.00%
95.00%
96.00%
97.00%
98.00%
99.00%
100.00%
15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26
Lower Bound
Greedy Solution
Upper Bound
Comparison of Results
Number of Facilities
Dem
and
Cov
ered
(Using Distances of 150, 200, 250,250)
Solving large problems
Break-Even Analysis
Determine fixed and variable costs for each location
Fixed cost: how much it would cost to open a facility there
Variable cost: how much total costs would increase as production increases: Transportation costs Labor costs Taxes Increased construction costs
Hey – this sounds familiar!
Locating Service Facilities with Multiple Linear Regression Collect data about your current facilities
Median income, # homes sold, education level, population,
Use regression to determine which variables have a significant impact on profits
Choose new facilities which have these characteristics
Incremental or clean-slate approach Take into account existing facilities What is the best location to add, given the
existing facilities? What is the best to add, if we were to
close down one of the current facilities? Unfortunately, only P-Median or Maximum
Covering can deal with these.
Possible Approach Use Centroid (Center of Gravity) to find
out which general regions to locate in (state / county).
Choose city:Factor weighting (services, or revenue focus)Break-even (cost focus)
Method Comparison Center of gravity minimizes average
distance for one facility only. Breakeven: fixed & variable costs. Factor weighting considers many other
important aspects of location, but does not minimize distance.
Transportation Method
You have 3 DCs, and need to deliver product to 4 customers.
Find cheapest way to satisfy all demand
A 10
B 10
C 10
D 2
E 4
F 12
G 11
Solving Transportation Problems
Trial and Error Linear Programming
– ooh, what’s that?! Tell me more!
D E F G
A 10 9 8 7
B 10 11 4 5
C 8 7 4 8
Summary
Other methods:P-Median: minimize average distancesMaximum covering: get as many customers
as possible within 100 milesBreak-even analysis
Approach of centroid followed by factor rating or break-even