our magazine we ask you … habits of happy people

14
12 SECTION A 2 GRAMMAR Contents Page 1 The simple present / the present progressive 12 2 Word order 14 3 The simple past 15 4 The simple past and the present perfect 16 5 Gerund / Infinitive 17 6 mustn’t / needn’t 19 7 Adjectives and adverbs 19 8 Conditionals 1, 2 and 3 21 9 Reported speech 22 10 Participle constructions 24 Working with this section 1 Decide which grammar point you would like to focus on. 2 Complete the rules then check in the coursebook. 3 Do the exercises. 4 Check your answers in the Answer Key. 5 If two or more of your answers are wrong, look again at the relevant section of your coursebook. The simple present / the present progressive A Complete each rule with the correct phrase. 1 We build the _________________________ with the present form of be and the -ing form of the main verb. 2 With the exception of the third person singular (he, she, it), the main verb in the _____________________ has the same form as the infinitive. 3 e third person singular form of the simple present ends with _________________________ . 4 We build _________________________ with an appropriate form of to do. B Complete the sentences with the verbs in the brackets using the simple present. 1 negations and questions present progressive -s or -es simple present Coursebook p 192 Our Magazine Habits of Happy People How __________________ 1 (you keep) happy? In the last issue of Our Magazine we asked you to let us know the secret of true happiness. Here __________ 2 (be) some of the answers you gave us. We ask you … ‘I _________ 3 (try) to focus on the positive events in my life. Every evening before bed I _____________ 4 (write down) the day’s events that I ________ 5 (be) thankful for. This way, I ______________ 6 (not take) so many things for granted.’ Eve, 17 ‘I ________________ 7 (not base) my worth as a person on external things like looks or possessions. I ________________ 8 (not depend) on other people for my self-esteem.’ Jade, 17 ‘I only ____________ 9 (spend) my free time with people I ________________ 10 (care for).’ Kalid, 16 ‘My family always ___________ 11 (eat) together in the evening. We _____________ 12 (talk) about what we did during the day.’ Martin, 17 LANGUAGE

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Page 1: Our Magazine We ask you … Habits of Happy People

12

SECTION A

2 GRAMMAR

Contents Page

1 The simple present / the present progressive 12

2 Word order 14

3 The simple past 15

4 The simple past and the present perfect 16

5 Gerund / Infinitive 17

6 mustn’t / needn’t 19

7 Adjectives and adverbs 19

8 Conditionals 1, 2 and 3 21

9 Reported speech 22

10 Participle constructions 24

Working with this section

1 Decide which grammar point you would like to focus on.

2 Complete the rules then check in the coursebook.

3 Do the exercises. 4 Check your answers in the Answer Key. 5 If two or more of your answers are wrong,

look again at the relevant section of your coursebook.

The simple present / the present progressive

A Complete each rule with the correct phrase.

1 We build the _________________________ with the present form of be and the -ing form of the main verb.

2 With the exception of the third person singular (he, she, it), the main verb in the _____________________

has the same form as the infinitive.

3 The third person singular form of the simple present ends with _________________________ .

4 We build _________________________ with an appropriate form of to do.

B Complete the sentences with the verbs in the brackets using the simple present.

1

negations and questions • present progressive • -s or -es • simple present

Coursebook p 192▼

Our Magazine

Habits of Happy PeopleHow __________________1 (you keep) happy? In the last issue of Our Magazine we asked you to let us know the secret of true happiness. Here __________2 (be) some of the answers you gave us.

We ask you …

‘I _________3 (try) to focus on the positive events in

my life. Every evening before bed I _____________4

(write down) the day’s events that I ________5 (be)

thankful for. This way, I ______________6 (not take)

so many things for granted.’ Eve, 17

‘I ________________7 (not base) my worth

as a person on external things like looks

or possessions. I ________________8 (not depend)

on other people for my self-esteem.’ Jade, 17

‘I only ____________9 (spend)

my free time with people

I ________________10 (care for).’ Kalid, 16

‘My family always ___________11 (eat)

together in the evening.

We _____________12 (talk) about what

we did during the day.’ Martin, 17

LANGUAGE

Page 2: Our Magazine We ask you … Habits of Happy People

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SECTION A

Which other happy habits __________________21 (you have)? Write to [email protected]

C Use one of the verbs in the box to produce a negative (–) statement. Replace it with a positive (+) statement. In both cases, use the present progressive.

Example I’m not doing well at school. (–) I’m doing my best and I’ll get better and better. (+)

1 My English _____________________ . I always get the same marks. (–)

My English _____________________ every day. (+)

2 I’_____________________ well at the moment. I’m stressed out. (–)

I’_____________________ more relaxed every day. (+)

3 I’_____________________ enough money in my part-time job. There are so many things I’d like to buy. (–)

I’_____________________ enough money for the things I need. (+)

D Complete each question using the correct form of be or do.

1 How’___ it going?

2 How much ________ it really matter if I fail at this?

3 ________ your boyfriend usually meet you after school?

4 What ________ you do to put yourself in a good mood?

5 ________ Mary and Tom presenting their project right now?

6 ________ Sarah look OK? ________ you think she looks unhappy?

7 ________n’t we wasting time if we just play computer games all night?

8 I always ask myself, ‘________ I satisfied with this?’ before I hand in my homework.

do • earn • feel • improve

‘My mum ___________13 (help) other

people, but she ______________14

(take care) of herself first.

She _______________15 (not feel)

guilty about it. I’m trying to learn to

do the same.’

Maria, 18

‘I ______________16 (pursue) my goals

and ______________17 (learn) from my

failures when I can.’

Tom, 19

‘When I ______________18 (have)

a negative thought, I ______________19

(replace) it with a positive one.’

Carla, 17

LANGUAGE

Liz, 17 always ___________20

(start) the day with a smile.

Page 3: Our Magazine We ask you … Habits of Happy People

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SECTION A

Word order

A Complete each rule with the correct word or phrase.

1 ____________________________ are positioned at the beginning or the end of the sentence.

2 Single-word ____________________________ are positioned directly in front of the main verb, unless the

verb is ____________________________ , in which case they come directly afterward.

3 If the adverbial expression consists of ________________________________ , it is positioned at the

beginning or the end of the sentence.

4 ____________________________ occurring together with time expressions are positioned in front of the

time expressions.

B Rewrite the sentences putting the words and phrases in the brackets in the correct places.

1 It’s tough to think positively but we must try. (sometimes)

2 Our class is becoming adept at communicating with each other in English. (increasingly)

3 It’s good to summarize what you’ve said after presenting a lot of information. (always)

4 Do you agree that it’s impolite to let your mobile ring? (in a restaurant)

5 I walk to school. (never) I take the bus, though my dad drives me if he’s going my way. (sometimes / usually)

6 We do our homework. (after school / at my place / usually)

7 The teacher is in. (by 8 a.m. / often / the classroom)

8 I can’t understand why he’s behaving like that. (today) He doesn’t get nervous. (before exams / normally)

2

adverbs of frequency • be • locations • more than one word • time expressions

Coursebook p 204▼

LANGUAGE

Page 4: Our Magazine We ask you … Habits of Happy People

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SECTION A

The simple past

A Complete each rule with the correct word or phrase.

1 When using the simple past, we build ________________________ and ________________________ with the auxiliary verb did.

2 The past forms of regular verbs are made by ________________________ .

3 Irregular verbs have special ________________________ which must be memorized.

B Complete the crossword puzzle with the past forms of the verbs.

1

Across

4 satisfy / … / …

7 apply / … / …

9 hang / … / …

10 wear / … / worn

Down

1 vary / … / …

2 pay / … / …

3 set / … / …

5 fancy / … / …

6 see / … / seen

8 lend / … / …

2 3

4 5

6

7 8

9

10

C Complete the sentences in the simple past using the verbs from the crossword puzzle.

1 I __________________ my backpack to Kevin last year. He still hasn’t returned it yet.

2 We __________________ a lot of money for the holiday.

3 The hotel was great. I was really __________________ with everything.

4 I __________________ for my visa three weeks ago. I hope it arrives soon.

5 The prices for the day trips __________________ depending on what was offered.

6 The first person I __________________ when I arrived at the hotel was my teacher.

7 I __________________ my towel over the back of the sunbed but someone took it off.

8 I __________________ aside three weeks for this holiday and now you’re telling me it’s cancelled!

9 There were lots of interesting sights. I __________________ visiting all of them but I didn’t have the time.

10 The effects of the beautiful scenery __________________ off after we heard that the rivers were contaminated.

3

adding -ed • negative statements • past forms • questions

Coursebook p 193▼

LANGUAGE

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SECTION A

The simple past and the present perfect

A Complete each rule with the correct phrase.

1 We build the present perfect with the auxiliary verb _______________ and _________________ of the verb.

2 Negative statements are formed by inserting __________________ after have/has.

3 Questions are formed by _______________________ of the words.

B Complete the sentences about the health habits of Mrs Hina and Mike Morris with the correct form of the words in brackets.

1 Mrs Hina ____________________________ (be) alive for a very long time.

2 She ____________________________ (celebrate) 102 birthdays so far.

3 She ____________________________ (not use) a wheelchair for very long at all – just a few months.

4 She________________________________ (always / live) on the ‘Island of the Hundred-Year-Olds’ in Okinawa, Japan.

5 Scientists ____________________________ (study) her and others on the island to find out why they live so long.

6 The scientists _________________________________ (not arrive) at many conclusions but they think that it has a lot to do with eating habits.

7 How __________________________________ (Mrs Hina / grow) so old? By eating lots of fish, green vegetables and tofu.

8 She ________________________________ (always / eat) these traditional, locally harvested foods.

9 In contrast to Mrs Hina, Mike Morris ______________________ (not live) long.

10 He______________________ (not reach) his 40th birthday.

11 He __________________ (do) a lot of things which

__________________ (not be) very smart.

12 He __________________ (smoke) and __________________

(drink) every night and __________________ (not care)

about what he __________________ (eat).

13 He ______________________ (never think) about the consequences.

14 On one occasion he __________________ (make) an effort to overcome his nicotine addiction, but he

_______________________ (not succeed) in giving up his cigarettes.

15 When he __________________ (get to) the age of 30, Harry ___________ (be) convinced it was too late for him to change.

16 How __________________ (he / die)? One evening he ____________ (go) to bed and __________________ (not get up) the next morning.

4

not/n’t • have/has • the third form • changing the order

Coursebook pp 193–194▼

LANGUAGE

Page 6: Our Magazine We ask you … Habits of Happy People

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SECTION A

C Use since or for to complete the text about two pupils in Germany.

Gerund / Infinitive

A Complete each rule with the correct phrase.

1 The structure like/dislike/love/hate/prefer + infinitive is used when talking about _______________

____________________ .

2 The structure like/dislike/love/hate/prefer + -ing is used when talking about ________________________ .

3 When we are talking about particular situations using advise/allow/encourage/forbid/permit we follow

up with the __________________________________ .

4 When we use advise/allow/encourage/forbid/permit to talk about general situations we use the

__________________________________ .

B Use the correct form of the verbs in brackets to complete the sentences.

1 How would you like ________________________ (get rid of) all those annoying bills?

2 Our investors usually like _________________________ (invest in) innovative projects, but this time

they’d prefer _________________________ (go for) something traditional.

3 TV audiences hate _____________________ (watch) advertisements in the middle of films.

4 The presenter encouraged us __________________ (ask) questions about his talk.

5 I would advise this company __________________ (aim) their product at the Chinese market.

6 The law forbids ________________________ (market) sweets to children.

7 We can no longer allow you __________________ (place) ads in our newspaper.

8 Does your country permit tobacco companies __________________ (run) commercials on TV?

9 Advertising experts advise __________________ (praise) the consumers for their choices.

10 It wasn’t the health minister’s intention to encourage people __________________(buy) any particular brand of cosmetics.

Andy’s been improving his diet and exercise habits ____________1 about a year now. He’s been eating at

least five servings of fruit and vegetables a day ____________2 he found out that was what experts recom-

mend. He’s been a member of a football team ____________3 last summer. The team has played a lot of

games ____________4 the start of the season.

Rachel’s been going to a sports club ____________5 September. She’s been doing aerobics twice a week

____________6 the last six months and she hasn’t consumed any caffeine or refined sugar ___________7

ages. On top of that, she’s been going to bed early ____________8 the last month. She’s been feeling a lot

better ____________9 she changed her lifestyle.

5

exceptional situations • general situations • infinitive form of the verb • -ing form of the verb

Coursebook p 201▼

LANGUAGE

Page 7: Our Magazine We ask you … Habits of Happy People

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SECTION A

C Complete each rule with the correct word.

1 The structure forget/remember + infinitive is used when the event expressed in the infinitive verb occurs

___________ the event of forgetting or remembering.

2 The structure forget/remember + -ing is used when the event expressed in the -ing verb occurs

___________ the event of forgetting or remembering.

D Use the correct forms of the verbs in Sarah’s list to complete the text below.

Sarah Mills is a sales manager. She’s always very busy. This morning, she wrote this list of things she wanted to get done today. She has crossed out the tasks she has accomplished so far.

Sarah made a ‘to do’ list so that she

wouldn’t forget _____________________1

her colleague in the advertising depart-

ment. She also wanted to remember

___________________2 sales targets for the

North-East sales region and _____________

________3 her suits at the cleaners. Apart

from that, she didn’t want to forget

_____________________4 her car to the

carwash or _____________________5 her

client at the airport at half past three. Now

it’s midday. She’s done three of these things already. She’s ticking them off on her list. She remembers

__________________________6 her colleague in advertising – she asked him to put an ad in the paper. And of

course she remembers _____________________7 the sales targets and _____________________8 her suits.

She did all of that this morning. She still has to remember __________________________9 to the carwash and

_______________________________10 her client at the airport. Sarah thinks that she’s on top of everything,

but she’s not! She forgot _____________________11 the staff meeting. Everyone’s waiting for her in the

conference room and Sarah isn’t there!

E Complete each rule with the correct phrase.

1 The structure ______________________ is used when talking about the past.

2 The form ______________________ is almost always used with reporting verbs like inform/say/tell.

after • before

Coursebook p 202▼

To do !

✓ phone colleague in Advertising

✓ set sales targets for N-E

✓ drop off dry cleaning

take car to the carwash

cancel the 12 o’clock staff meeting

3 :30 – pick up client at airport –

don’t forget!

regret + infinitive • regret + -ing

Coursebook pp 202–203▼

LANGUAGE

Page 8: Our Magazine We ask you … Habits of Happy People

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SECTION A

F Use the correct forms of these verbs to complete the sentences.

1 We regret _____________________ you that the product you have ordered is no longer available.

2 I really regret _____________________ that expensive software. It was a real waste of money.

3 He regrets _____________________ his studies and never sitting the exam.

4 I regret_____________________ that we’ll all have to work harder next year.

5 She says she regrets _____________________ action as soon as she noticed the mistake.

6 Yvonne regrets _____________________ to the boss in such an angry way.

7 The company regrets _____________________ those exaggerated claims in their advertisements.

mustn’t / needn’t

A Complete each rule with the correct word.

1 We use ___________________ when expressing that it is not necessary to do something.

2 We use ___________________ when expressing that it is necessary not to do something.

B Match sentences 1–10 with the sentence (a–j) that conveys the same message.

Adjectives and adverbs

A Complete each rule with the correct word or phrase.

1 We use ______________________ to describe verbs and adjectives.

2 _______________________ are used to describe nouns. They are also used to describe a small number of

verbs which express _____________ ____________ .

buy • give up • inform • make • say • speak • (not) take

6

mustn’t • needn’t

Coursebook pp 196–197 ▼1 We mustn’t eat those!2 We needn’t eat those.3 We mustn’t make a mess.4 We needn’t clean up this mess.5 We needn’t worry about making a living6 We mustn’t worry about making a living.7 We mustn’t sacrifice our weekends for our jobs.8 We needn’t sacrifice our weekends for our jobs.9 We mustn’t ask too much of our support network.

10 We needn’t ask too much of our support network.

a Paying too much attention to amassing wealth is wrong.

b We should use our weekends for leisure.c We don’t have to ask them to do more.d We don’t have to work at weekends.e We shouldn’t ask too much of them.f We have to keep the place clean.g Someone else will clean it up.h We can eat something else. i We don’t have to work.j They’re poisonous!

7

adjectives • adverbs • sensory perception

Coursebook p 203▼

LANGUAGE

Page 9: Our Magazine We ask you … Habits of Happy People

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SECTION A

B Find eight adjectives in the wordsearch puzzle. Write their adverbial forms in the two categories below.

add –ly no change

___________________________ ___________________________

___________________________ ___________________________

___________________________ ___________________________

___________________________ ___________________________

C Circle the correct words in the newspaper article.

D Make 7 adjectives out of the anagrams (1–7) and use them to complete the sentences (a–g). Sometimes you will have to use the adverbial form.

(The first letter of each word is given.)

1 aeiubdl a________________________ 5 aaeiobfhlns f________________________

2 eiocdfnnt c________________________ 6 aaeiolnnsst s________________________

3 aeeeibdlrt d________________________ 7 eeiinsstv s________________________

4 aaeibgmnrrss e________________________

a It doesn’t matter what you say; if you don’t speak ________________________ , no one will hear you.

b If you are in the public eye, you have to have a thick skin and not be so ________________________ .

c I know the colour doesn’t suit me but it’s ________________________ . That’s why I bought it.

d The special effects in that film were ________________________ .

e The media’s coverage of the film star’s altercation with the police was ________________________ intimate and graphic.

f Don’t tell me you didn’t mean to hurt me. You did that ________________________ .

g He sounded ________________________ enough when he said he wouldn’t be voted out of the show.

No work without talent AND skillsTalent agent Jane Pratt, 46, speaks with a client

who says he is (desperate/desperately)1 for on-

camera work, (preferable/preferably)2 in a film.

Once, five years ago, the client’s face was fea-

tured (brief/briefly)3 in a (national/nationally)4 TV

commercial for a restaurant chain. There has not

been any work for him since and, as Pratt exp-

lains, with no real on-camera skills, there probab-

ly never will be again. Her (sympathetic/sympa­

thetically)5 tone is (complete/completely)6 over-

shadowed by the (painful/painfully)7 truth in her

words. She encourages him to get training in film-

acting techniques.

‘What people don’t realize is that in this business

you have to work very (hard/hardly)8,’ says Pratt.

‘They think it’s all about personality or looking

(good/well)9, and they’re not willing to learn the

(practical/practically)10 skills that the industry

needs. You can’t become a (professional/profes­

sionally)11 film actor just by watching films. This

sounds (obvious/obviously)12, but you’d be sur-

prised how many people I have to explain it to.’

f A s T E D E

R o N E A T E

E A A q A s L

q T o U A f o

U L h A R D N

E A R L y y G

N m o D E s T

T A E N s L A

LANGUAGE

Page 10: Our Magazine We ask you … Habits of Happy People

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SECTION A

E Complete each rule with the correct phrase.

1 We use _____________________ to build comparative forms of multi-syllable adjectives that end with -y.

2 When we want to build comparative forms of multi-syllable adjectives and adverbs that end with –ly we

use _____________________ .

3 _____________________ are used to build comparative forms of a small number of adverbs which have

the same form as their corresponding adjectives.

F Use the adjectives in brackets in their comparative form or in their adverbial form to complete the sentences.

1 I’d prefer to work freelance. I could plan my time ________________________ (easy) that way.

2 Some of the course participants progressed ________________________ (quick) than the others.

3 The machine on the right appears to run ________________________ (fast) than the one on the left.

4 She’s going to have a hard time in her job until it becomes ___________

_____________ (familiar).

5 The print issue of this paper has always been _____________________ (wide) read than the online version.

6 Circulation figures have grown even ________________________

(dramatic) since the paper got some ____________________ (good) journalists than it had before.

7 Underprivileged children are often ______________________ (severe) challenged in school than children who have their basic needs met.

8 We’re relying on you to come to work an hour ____________________ (early) next week.

Conditionals 1, 2 and 3

A Complete each rule with the correct word or phrase.

1 We use Conditional 1 when we talk about something which is ______________________________ .

2 Conditional 1 is built with if + ________________________ + ________________________ .

3 We use Conditional 2 to talk about things and events which are ________________________________ to happen.

4 Conditional 2 is built with if + ________________________ + ________________________ .

5 We use Conditional 3 to talk about things which ____________________________________ .

6 Conditional 3 is built with if + ________________________ + ________________________ + the third form of verb.

-er/-est • -(i)er/-(i)est • more/most

Coursebook pp 203– 204▼

8

almost sure to happen • didn’t happen in the past • possible but unlikely • the past perfect • the simple past • the simple present • the will-future • would + infinitive • would have

Coursebook p 201▼

LANGUAGE

Page 11: Our Magazine We ask you … Habits of Happy People

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SECTION A

B Match the beginning of each sentence with the appropriate ending.

1 If you speed on that road, … a the police would surely stop you.2 If you sped on that road, … b the police will surely stop you.3 If you had sped on that road, … c the police would surely have stopped you.4 He’ll get a light sentence … d if it was his first conviction.5 He would get a light sentence … e if it’s his first conviction.6 He would have got a light sentence … f if it had been his first conviction.

C Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verbs in brackets.

1 If you commit a minor crime, you ______________________ (get) probation.

2 How ______________________ (you / feel) if someone stole your property?

3 They _______________________________________ (not get away) with their crimes if they hadn’t had so much money and influence.

4 The police _______________________________________ (not be able to) find fingerprints if the burglar had worn gloves.

5 I _____________________ (use) my Dad’s car at New Year if I get his permission.

6 Even if the murderer appeals against his conviction, the court ________________________ (not accept) it.

Reported speech

A Complete the rules with the correct word or phrase.

1 If the reporting verb (e.g. said) is in _____________________ , the verbs of the original speech __________

________________one tense when reported.

2 The exception to rule 1 is _____________________ , which _____________________ when it is reported.

3 The modal verbs can, may, must and will _________________________ in reported speech.

4 The modal verbs would, should, might and could _________________________ in reported speech.

5 To report questions without question words, we use either________________ or ________________ .

6 To report requests with ________________ and commands with ________________ , the form of the verb which follows is to + infinitive.

B Match each statement (1–8) with the way it gets reported (a–e). One of the reported statements can be used twice; one of them can be used three times.

9

asked • if • ‘move back’ • must be modified • remain the same • remains the same • the past tense • the past perfect • told • whether

Coursebook pp 197–199▼

1 ‘We acquire the best technology.’2 ‘We are acquiring the best technology.’3 ‘We acquired the best technology.’4 ‘We were acquiring the best technology.’5 ‘We are going to acquire the best

technology.’6 ‘We have acquired the best technology.’7 ‘We have been acquiring the best

technology.’8 ‘We had acquired the best technology.’

a They said they had acquired the best technology

b They said they were acquiring the best technology.

c They said they had been acquiring the best technology.

d They said they acquired the best technology.e They said they were going to acquire the best

technology.

LANGUAGE

Page 12: Our Magazine We ask you … Habits of Happy People

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SECTION A

C Change the modal verbs where needed to report what was said.

1 ‘The space programme will provide many benefits.’ _______________________________________________

2 ‘The budget for space exploration should be reduced.’ ____________________________________________

3 ‘We can learn a lot from space exploration.’ ______________________________________________________

4 ‘We must solve the problems we face here on Earth first.’ __________________________________________

5 ‘We may soon send a team to Mars.’ _____________________________________________________________

6 ‘We could feed millions of people instead.’ _______________________________________________________

7 ‘We might be about to make a great achievement.’ ________________________________________________

8 ‘A world free of hunger would be a great achievement.’ ____________________________________________

D Report the dialogue.

Mrs Jones Robot, are you switched on?Robot Yes, I’m switched on.Mrs Jones Do you see that pile of washing?Robot Yes, I do.Mrs Jones Please hang it up.Robot Sorry, I won’t.Mrs Jones You will!Robot I hung up washing yesterday. It’s your turn today.Mrs Jones There’s a nice surprise waiting for you at the bottom of the pile.Robot I don’t care.Mrs Jones Aren’t you curious? Don’t you want to find out what’s under the pile of washing?Robot I’ve learned your tricks. I’m not interested.Mrs Jones Robot, hang up the washing!Robot I’ll do it tomorrow. I’m switching myself off now. Goodnight, Mrs Jones! See you tomorrow.

1 Mrs Jones asked the robot if it ___________________________ .

2 The robot answered that it ________________ .

3 Mrs Jones asked it if it ________________ the pile of washing.

4 The robot said that it ________________ .

5 Mrs Jones asked the robot _____________________ the washing.

6 It said that it ________________ .

7 Mrs Jones insisted that it ________________ .

8 The robot told Mrs Jones that it ___________________ washing

__________________ and that it _________ her turn now.

9 Mrs Jones claimed there ______________ a nice surprise at the bottom of the pile.

10 The robot said that ______________care.

11 Mrs Jones asked the robot if it ______________ curious. She asked it if it ____________________________

what ______________ under the pile of washing.

12 The robot told Mrs Jones that it ____________________ tricks. It said that it ____________________ .

13 Mrs Jones told the robot to ____________________ the washing.

14 The robot said that it ____________________ it ____________________ . It said that it ___________________

____________________ and said it ____________________ Mrs Jones ________________________________ .

LANGUAGE

Page 13: Our Magazine We ask you … Habits of Happy People

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SECTION A

Participle constructions

A Complete each rule with the correct word or phrase.

1 Either the present participle or the past participle can be used to shorten __________________________

_________________________ .

2 Some of these participle constructions are not understandable without adverbial ___________________ .

3 The perfect participle is used to express _____________________ that happened previously.

4 Only the present participle can be used to combine two ________________________ together into one sentence.

5 The past participle is __________________________________ .

6 The present participle is formed by ___________________ .

7 The form of the perfect participle is ____________________________ .

B Match sentences 1–7 to sentences a–g in the most logical way. Then write them as one sentence, changing the verb in italics to the present participle. Sometimes the participle clause goes in the middle of the new sentence; sometimes it goes at the end.

1 Simple nets can keep people safe from mosquitoes. a It affects the lungs.2 The people are waiting impatiently for food aid. b She needs your help.3 A company dumped chemicals into the river. c They transmit malaria.4 Problems are springing up everywhere. d They have become desperate.5 The child is gazing into the camera. e It provides health care for the whole area.6 Tuberculosis is a disease. f It supplies drinking water to the village.7 A new hospital has just opened. g They may be caused by climate change.

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

10

adding -ing • events • conjunctions • full sentences • having + past participle • the third form of the verb • unnecessary relative clauses

Coursebook pp 204–205▼

LANGUAGE

Page 14: Our Magazine We ask you … Habits of Happy People

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SECTION A

C Complete the sentences with these phrases, putting the verbs in the past participle.

1 Some of the property _____________________________________________ has never been found.

2 Photos _____________________________________________ showed children with swollen bellies.

3 The conclusions _____________________________________________ were uncertain.

4 The children _____________________________________________ have no books.

5 The lack of economic growth ___________________________________________ has led to more

unemployment.

6 Various plants and weeds _____________________________________________ can be found in the

rain forest.

D Combine the two events in one sentence using the perfect participle.

Example Fesito rode the bicycle for miles. / His legs ached. Having ridden the bicycle for miles, Fesito’s legs ached.

1 Kasiingi tied the chickens on top of the bicycle. / She had made the bicycle very heavy.

2 Fesito didn’t think about how far the market was. / He began to worry about getting there on time.

3 Kikyo hadn’t eaten properly for long time. / He was very thin.

4 Kikyo asked nicely. / He got a banana.

5 Fesito pushed his bike all the way to town. / His heart swelled with pride.

E Insert the appropriate adverbial conjunction to complete the sentences.

1 _________________ many educated professionals moving to the West for better pay, there are fewer

healthcare workers in poorer countries.

2 _________________ providing the best food and medical aid can’t save people in some countries.

3 _________________ pledging assistance, rich countries have not done much for developing countries.

4 Sometimes people are forced to deal with the police _________________ bribing them.

5 Aid organizations provide food to war-ravaged areas, _________________ saving people from starvation.

educate at this school • experience last year • publish in the Times • reach in the study • steal from the residents • use to treat diseases

by • even • despite • thus • with

LANGUAGE