our planet: 40 years of wed

7/31/2019 Our Planet: 40 Years of WED

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Helle THorning-ScHmidT UniqUe opporTUniTy SHa ZUkangTHe fUTUre we wanTmaUrice STrong cHanging coUrSe ricHard BranSon good BUSineSS

Themagazine

oftheUnitedNationsEnvironmentProgramme

JUNE2012

Planet

Our

40 yearsof WED

2012

1974

1992

2007

2006

2005

2011

SEAS AND OCEANSSEAS AND OCEANS

. .

2004

2008

1995


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Our Planet,

te magazine o te United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP)

PO Box 30552, Nairobi, Kena

Tel: (254 20) 762 1234

Fax: (254 20) 762 3927

e-mail: [email protected]

To vie current and past issues o tis publication online, please visit

.unep.org/ourplanet

ISSN 1013 - 7394

Director o Publication: Nick Nuttall

Editor: Geore Lean

Coordinator: Ricard Crompton

Distribution and Marketing Manager: Moamed Atani

Design: Amina Darani

Produced b: UNEP Division o Communication

and Public Inormation

Printed b: Progress Press

Distributed b: SMI Books

Te contents o tis magazine do not necessaril reect te vies or policies o

UNEP or te editors, nor are te an ofcial record. Te designations emploed

and te presentation do not impl te expressions o an opinion atsoever

on te part o UNEP concerning te legal status o an countr, territor or cit

or its autorit or concerning te delimitation o its rontiers or boundaries.

* All dollar ($) amounts reer to US dollars.

UNEP promotes

environmentally sound practices

globally and in its own activities. This

report is printed on paper rom sustainable

orests including recycled fbre. The paper is

chlorine ree and the inks vegetable-based.Our distribution policy aims to reduce

UNEPs carbon ootprint.


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MICRO

www

INNOVATION

STAR

PAGE 24

PAGE 27

PAGE 33

PAGE 34

also

BOOKS

REFLECTIONS

RIO+20 USER GUIDE

UNEP AT wORK

PAGE 4

PAGE 5

PAGE 12

PAGE 18

JUAN SOMAVIA: DOING ThE JOB

Decent work provides te road to a greener, airer and sustainable orld.

hELLE ThORNING-SChMIDT: UNIqUE OPPORTUNITyRio+20 must map out te road to a green and sustainable uture rom ic allcountries ill beneft.

ShA ZUKANG: ThE FUTURE wE wANT

Rio+20 must make frm decisions tat improve te lives o te poor and elpumanit live itin te carring capacit o te planet.

MAURICE STRONG: ChANGING COURSERio +20 presents an unparalleled opportunit to rise above immediatepreoccupations and sitc rom a pat tat treatens umanits ver uture.

RIChARD BRANSON: GOOD BUSINESSTe green econom presents o one o te biggest entrepreneurial opportunities oour lietimes.

MARGARET ChAN: hEALThy DEVELOPMENThealt contributes to sustainable development, benefts rom it, and provides agood measure o progress in acieving it.

RITA MIShAAN: GOOD GOVERNANCERio +20 must generate and strengten a ne rameork o international institu-tions or sustainable development.

JOSEPh ALCAMO: MIND ThE GAPOur Planet talks to Cie Scientist, Josep Alcamo, about te gap beteen science

and polic, and o to bridge it.

ChARLES DAVIES and NEEyATI PATEL:TARGETING GOALSA ne report identifes te lack o measurable targets and data asan important reason or te international communities ailure tomake enoug progress on environmental concerns.

PaGE 28

PaGE 22

PaGE 20

PaGE 16

PaGE 14

PaGE 10

PaGE 8

PaGE 6

PaGE 30


4/36OUR PLANET 40 yEARs Of wEd4

www.unep.org/publicationsG out n sutine Cnumptin nd Prductin Picie: Ting actin TgetherTe Global Outlook on Sustainable Consumption and Production (SCP) Policies, developed bte United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) it te fnancial support o te EuropeanCommission, provides a non-exaustive revie o policies and initiatives tat are promoting tesit toards SCP patterns. Tis report identifes examples o eective policies and initiatives being

implemented orldide. It revies 56 case studies ranging rom global multilateral agreementsand regional strategies to specifc policies and initiatives and sos progress acieved in promotingSCP, igligting best practices and oering recommendations to scale up and replicate teseimportant eorts.

Mving Twrd Cimte Neutr UN:The UN stem Ftprint nd Ert t Reduce It (2011 editin)Te most recent analsis o te UNs perormance in implementing te UNs ClimateNeutral Strateg. Te report includes te details o te greenouse gas emissions or54 entities in 2010, as ell as a breakdon o emissions b activit. It alsodetails progress in reducing emissions and plans or te uture. wit a Foreordb UN Secretar-General Ban Ki-moon, and a Preace b te UNEP Executive Director,Acim Steiner, tis report is te frst and last ord in te UNs sustainabilitperormance to date.

21 Iue r the 21t Centur:Reut the UNEP Freight Prce n Emerging Envirnment IueTe UNEP Foresigt Report contains a description o te 21 emerging environmental issuesidentifed troug te UNEP Foresigt Process.

Te process, ic as led b te UNEP Cie Scientist it support rom UNEP Division o Earlwarning and Assessment, involved te identifcation o emerging issues b UNEP colleagues anda Foresigt Panel comprising o 22 distinguised members o te scientifc communit cuttingacross a ide spectrum o environmental related disciplines and orld regions; te debating andprioritisation o te identifed issues b te Foresigt Panel; te scoring o prioritised issues via

an electronic consultation involving more tan 400 scientists orldide; and a urter debatingand ranking o te fnal list o issues b te Foresigt Panel, putting into consideration teoutcome o te electronic consultation.

Twrd lie Cce sutiniit aement:Ming inrmed chice n prductEver da, unsustainable patterns o consumption, unsustainable productionmetods and population grot callenge te resilience o te planet tosupport uman activities. At te same time, ineualities beteen anditin societies remain ig, leaving billions it unmet basic uman needsand a disproportionate vulnerabilit to global environmental cange.To counteract tis trend, UNEP and SETAC ave orked togeter to develop

Toards a Lie Ccle Sustainabilit Assessment. Tis as been acieved troug te UNEP/SETACLie Ccle Initiative.

Green Grwth, Reurce nd Reiience: Envirnment sutiniit in ai nd the PcicTis UNEP report describes an evolving polic landscape caracterised b a canging economicrealit, rising demand or resources, increasingl apparent impacts o environmental and climatecange, and increased risk and uncertaint.

Te report provides ne insigts into Asian and Pacifc resource use trends and outlines keactions, including reorming economic incentives and promoting more inclusive and adaptivegovernance approaces, tat governments can pursue to elp bring economic grot strategiesin closer alignment it te objective o sustainable development. It also provides examples o

strategies or improving resilience to elp deal it te increasing levels o risk aced b societiesand economies.


5/36OUR PLANET 40 yEARs Of wEd 5

reectin

achim steinerUN Under-Secretar-General andExecutive Director, UNEP

for 40 ear worl Environment da (wEd) habeen the Unite Nation principle vehicle or raiingaarene acro communitie, citie, countriean continent on environmental iue, ater beingetablihe at the stockholm Conerence on theHuman Environment hich alo oune UNEP.

An or 40 ear wEd ha brought to the orlattention evolving an preing challenge thateverone ace a a reult o riing environmentalegraation, pollution an unutainable pattern o

conumption an prouction.

In 1974 the rst year WED had a dedicated theme,ith the banner Only One Earth the healineunerline a imple but till relevant act: humanit haonl one home, an thu it i pruent to look ater it.

In 1989 the iue o climate change a raie throughthe wEd theme Global Warming: Global Warning.

In the 1990 wEd mae the link beteen povert an

the environment an expree riing concern over theea an ocean.

In 2003 a ke Millennium development Goal abrought to the ore uner the har hitting loganWaterTwo Billion People are Dying for It!

Recent wEd have perhap change in character,reecting much more sharply the urgency of bringingthe environmental, ocial an economic tran in thedNA o utainable evelopment ar cloer together

through the len o a Green Econom.

Take Kick the HabitTowards a Low Carbon Economyin 2008 an ForestsNature at Your Service in 2011or example.

The banner or wEd 2012 repreent not onl oneo the overarching theme or Rio+20 a GreenEconom in the context o utainable evelopmentan povert eraication but it peak to the iue oequit that an tranormation o the global econommut are.

Green EconomyDoes It Include You?i alo areeto nation preparing or Rio+20 to ecae ater theRio Earth summit.

It urge all leaer alongie miniter, companiean civil ociet elegate attening to join inelivering an outcome that generate opportunitan ork or the uneremploe an unemploe ina a that keep humanit ootprint ithin planetarboundaries. Rio+20 needs to be a dening momentthat put in place the action an the patha to realie

a utainable 21t centur.

Everone on thi planet ha a take in that. so let umake thi ear wEd, happening jut eek beorethe summit, the moment hen citizen everhere getout an act or a poitive outcome.

so that 20 an 40 ear rom no the wEd themeare le arning o environmental eca an morecelebration o the a the propect or even billionpeople riing to over nine billion b 2050 on our

Only One Earth have propere ince 2012.


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Twenty years ago the rst United Nations Conference onEnvironment an development in Rio e Janeiro placeutainable evelopment on the international agena. Nothe orl convene again at the Rio+20 Conerence in theame cit to bring utainabilit into a ne era.

The orl population pae 7 billion lat ear. B 2050 eexpect that count to rie to 9 billion people. In the coureo the next 20 ear, it i etimate, the global eman or

reource ill gro 40-60 per cent. The preure on ourglobal natural reource an ecotem ill be enormou.I e o nothing, the bai o our econom ill begin toeroe. At the ame time climate change an environmentalegraation ill preent challenge to people everhereon our planet.

The EU an it member tate ee the Rio+20 Conerencea a unique opportunit to ecure renee politicalcommitment to utainable evelopment an to achieveconcrete an ambitiou reult. The EU ha been proactivein avancing an ambitiou agena or Rio+20.

Uutut

Helle THorning-ScHmidTPrime Miniter Denmr

OUR PLANET 40 yEARs Of wEd6


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The EU ha propoe a greeneconom roamap a an operationaloutcome in Rio. Thi houlinclude deadlines for specicgoal, objective an actionas a signicant contribution toutainable evelopment anpovert eraication, covering a broarange o area uch a energ,ater, agriculture, ocean, citie anchemical. Cro-cutting iue ucha eliminating harmul ubiie,green tax reorm an innovativenance should also be addressed.A green econom roamap illbe a et o route to utainableevelopment, here ome pathaare in common, but here countrietake iniviual track in accoranceith their particular nee an

circumtance. Iniviual countrieill receive coorinate avice antechnical aitance rom the UNsystem and international nancialintitution to help them carr outtheir tailor-mae plan or greeningthe econom. we ee thi propoala holing eriou potential oravancing the global tranitiontoar green econom.But government cannot avancea global green tranition ontheir on. It require eicateinvolvement an commitmentrom all takeholer. The EUemphaie that private ectoran civil ociet pla ke rolein elivering green groth anpromoting utainable conumptionan prouction through invetment,public-private partnerhip anreearch an innovation.

subtantial participation rom civilociet an the private ector ialo expecte in Rio. Thee groupill make important contribution atthe Conerence an acilitate neinight, ne inpiration an nepartnerhip among all takeholer.The Brazilian hot have et upnine rountable ith prominentrepreentative rom the buine

world, the scientic communityan NGO, take to come up ith

recommenation or the high-level egment in area uch a ooecurit, utainable evelopmentor povert eraication an energ.

we alo nee a ne a to meaureeconomic groth that ull takeinto account the ue o our planetreource an hich integrateeconomic, ocial an environmentalimenion in a balance manner.I e cut on all our oretand catch all our sh we may seeimmeiate economic groth, but atthe ame time eill be unerminingour uture grothpotential. Thi i hthe EU believe thate mut agree to

evelop inicatorcomplementingGdP, hich integrateall imenion outainabilit in abalance manner.we nee a meaurethat give u atrue illutration oprogre. we nee tokno i e are on theright track toar utainabilit.

In orer to etablih globalutainabilit goal an tackleuture challenge e nee atrong international governancetructure. Reorming the intitutionalrameork or utainableevelopment i necear ana high priorit or the EU in Rio.The EU ha uggete upgraingthe tatu o the Unite Nation

Environment Programme. Thiill enable the UN tem torepon more eectivel toenvironmental nee in the contexto utainable evelopment.

denmark ha emontratethat economic groth oe notnecearil lea to an increaingue o reource. during the patthree ecae the danih econom

has grown signicantly while energyconumption ha remaine virtuall

contant. since the 1980 the hareof renewable energy in nal energyconumption ha been teail riingan no amount to approximatel22 per cent. Recentl, e approve ane national energ trateg hichentail a 34 per cent reuctiono greenhoue ga emiion b2020 (meaure in 1990-level)an provie or the contructiono major ne in arm hoecombine eect ill be equivalentto the energ conumption o 1million danih home. Our goal

i that denmarkenerg conumptionill be 100 per centreneable b 2050.

UN secretar

General BanKi-moon haput orar aninitiative to achievesutainable Energor All b 2030.It i an ambitiouplan ith concretegoal or reneableenerg, energefciency and

acce to energ. I hope that othercountrie, private companie ancivil society organizations will ndinpiration rom denmark examplein thi area an commit to thesecretar-General initiative in Rio.An commitment i neeei e are to ecure a globaltranition to a green econom a tranition that all countrie tanto gain rom, regarle o theirlevel o evelopment.

we o not ant a orl herecompetition or carce reourcecreates strife and conict amongcountrie or in countrie.we ant a orl here ecreate an hare economicgroth bae on utainabilitprinciple an on harneing theopportunitie inherent in a utureo ever more carce reource

or our on ake an or the akeo uture generation.

A Green Economy roadmap

will be

a set o routes

to sustainable development,

where some pathways are

in common,

but where countries take

individual tracks

in accordance with

their particular needs

and circumstances.

OUR PLANET 40 yEARs Of wEd 7


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Tent ear ago, in June 1992, orlleaer gathere in Rio e Janeiro ora lanmark event: the Unite NationConerence on Environment andevelopment (the Rio Earth summit).It hitoric outcome parke anunpreceente ene o enthuiaman optimim. Agreement a

reache on important conventionan principle, areing uch iuea bioiverit, climate change anoret. The Earth summit ent ameage that orking together canlea to olution.

Tent ear later, the orl hachange in a e coul havenever preicte. There have beengreat avance in global economic

groth, lie expectancie an povertreuction. The a e communicate

and do business has been signicantlyrevolutionie. Inormation ancommunication technologie haveopene ne patha an channelor eucation, communicationan entrepreneurhip.

yet, at the ame time, ne challenge

have emerge an ol one haveintensied. Weve added approximately2.5 billion people to the globe anare projecte to reach nine billionb 2050. Meanhile, the naturalcapital that unerpin our livelihoois signicantly diminishing. Climatechange an it impact havebecome more prooun; there arene challenge relate to ater anfood security; a global nancial and

economic crii hinere progre inome area o human evelopment;

an unutainable conumption anprouction pattern have accelerate,cauing amage that, in ome cae,i irreverible to our natural heritage.

In 1992, Rio et u on the irectiono a more balance, utainablefuture; yet we have not gured out

ho to ta on coure an hoto tranlate principle into action.Progre in implementation ha beenoun erioul lacking. Thi i hthe Unite Nation Conerence onsutainable development (Rio+20)arrive not a moment too oon. Heao state an Government, buine,an civil ociet ill gather onceagain to recommit to the promiethe mae in 1992 an to put u

on a utainable path. Our globalchallenge an our jointl tie

Th utu

tSHa ZUkangsecretr-Gener the United NtinCnerence n sutine Devepment



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the intitutional rameork, the threepillar o utainable evelopment ocial, economic, an environmental

mut be better integrate toeliver eire outcome. sucha rameork houl alo inclueenhance revie an reportingon progre, a ell a eectiveareing o continuing, ne anemerging challenge. I expectthat trengthene governance illprovie enabling conition or morereponible, accountable action,

at the international, regional annational level.

for man participant, anotherexpecte outcome at Rio i thelaunch o a proce to elaboratesutainable development Goal(sdG), hich can buil upon theMillennium development Goalan ee into the pot-2015

UN evelopment agena. suchgoal houl protect the health o

etinie implore that e orktogether or a better uture ancommit to eeing it realie.

In other or, thi i a conerenceo implementation.

so, ho o e enure that Rio + 20eliver? Man have tree that itoutcome houl not be a repetitiono Agena 21 or other treatie oragree outcome. The a it houlbuil upon earlier achievement,concentrate on concrete tep thatare implementation gap, an

give hape an orm to our viion.It mut be ocue, ambitiouan action-oriente. I have calleon elegation to accompliheliverable o unamentalsignicance to poverty reductionan the common ell-being oall countrie, epeciall on oo,ater an energ.

The outcome ocument houlmake tranormational eciion onthe to theme o the Conerence a green econom in the contexto utainable evelopmentan povert eraication; anthe intitutional rameork orutainable evelopment, a ell aa number o other priorit area.

The rst theme points to the needto teer economic evelopmentin a more utainable irection. It

mean promoting invetment inector an activitie ith loerenvironmental impact. At theame time, a green econom mutcontribute to povert eraication,emploment an other ocialobjective. dierent evelopmentlevel o ierent countrieembarking on thi path mutbe taken into ull account. Anknolege an technolog haring

ill be critical in an outcomeachieve at Rio. when it come to

the environment, hile enuring thatthe nee o the mot vulnerable arearee. The oul be eigne

to help government an othertakeholer ocu their energiean monitor progre. Criticalarea or action, hich ma provieocu or sdG, inclue ater,energ, oo, job, citie, ocean,iater preparene an poverteraication, among other.

finall, Rio+20 oer an opportunitor government an major group,

incluing buine an inutr,to announce ne an meaurablecommitment to make utainableevelopment a realit. Theecommitment, along ith the sdG,ill help enure that all ectoro ociet are engage an thatpromie are kept.

Ater 1992, e ere not ableto aequatel tan b ourcommitment a a global communit.we mut enure that it i ierentthi time. Given the magnitue oour orl challenge, it i eentialthat Rio+20 be equall ambitiou inscope. We need rm commitmentsthat make a ierence in the live othe poor, an e nee eciion thathelp humanit live ithin the carringcapacit o the planet. Government,member o civil ociet, anbuine an inutr houl come

to Rio rea to commit; come ithinitiative that ill break ne groun.The mut en a trong meageto ounger generation: e arereponible, e think long-term, ane are illing to ork or the goo oall humankin.

The Rio+20 outcome ocument ititle The future we want an thii hat e nee to eliver: the viion,

hope, etermination, an action tocreate a better uture or all.

Critical areas or action,

which may provide

ocus or Sustainable

Development Goals,

include

water,

energy,ood,

jobs,

cities,

oceans,

disaster preparedness,

poverty eradication.



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There have been immene change inthe world since the rst UN Conferenceon the Human Environment in stockholmin 1972 put the environment on theinternational agena an incegovernment agree to Agena 21, theblueprint or creating a utainable a olie, at the 1992 Rio Earth summit.

Notable progre ha been maein aarene an unertaningthe iue e mut are, inour capacit to o o an inrecogniing the urgenc o thenee or eciive action an theire conequence o ailure to act.deeper commitment to utainableevelopment ha been accompanieb an increaing number o poitiveexample in appling it. yet mot othe problem no acing the orlhave been on the table or ecae,ome ever ince stockholm.

Thee have no reache crii

proportion not a a reult olack o proclaime commitment bgovernment to action, but becaueo their imal perormance incarring them out.

I the ha implemente theman convention, treatie aneclaration the have negotiate rom stockholm to Rio to Kototo Johanneburg e oul beell along the roa to utainabilit.Intea, their ailure ha let u ona coure that threaten the veruture o humankin. The pat30 ear have been characterieb irreponible capitalim, puruinglimitle economic groth at theexpene o both ociet an theenvironment, channelling more anmore mone into eer han, ithlittle or no regar or the naturalreource bae upon hich uch

ealth i built.

Rio+20 preent a ne opportunitto make the change o coureurge b buine leaer at theEarth summit to ecae ago.Thi oul require unamentalchange in ho e manage theactivitie hich impact on theEarth utainabilit, an aegree o cooperation beon

anthing e have et experience.The trancenental importance o

maUrice STrongsecretr-Gener the1972 stchm nd 1992Erth summit cnerence.

ch

us



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The necear change o coureill require raical change inour current economic tem,particularl b thoe countrie,motl wetern, hich haveominate the orl economuring the pat centur. The illbe mot reitant to change,et the have monopolie theeconomic benets that haveaccompanie our cumulativeamage to the Earth lie-upporttem, it preciou biologicalreource an it climate.

The Green Econom i not jut a

logan, an Rio+20 mut proucetrong ne impetu to it national,local an global achievement. Aneconom that integrate utainableevelopment principle ithreponible capitalim can prouceenough ealth to meet everonenee. The Earth summit 2012

mut clearl ra aroamap or theurgent tranition to

reneable energ to et the orl on apath to an econom,utainable,equitable anacceible to all.

The ke i animmene increae ineconomic efciency in the prouctiono goo an

ervice, in the ueo energ, an inthe evelopment,ue an reue oreource. some

nation notabl Japan, Germanan ome other European countrie have emontrate that thi inot onl eaible, but proucesignicant economic, as wellas environmental, benets. The

more evelope countrie, hichhave contribute mot to global

environmental problem, have areponibilit an an interetto full the commitments they havemae to provie eveloping onewith access to the nance andtechnologie the require to greentheir economie.

Civil ociet organization ineach countr houl ae theperormance o their governmentin implementing both patcommitment an thoe theunertake in Rio. A ne intrumentin the orm o Earth Bon houlbe etablihe or purchae b

private ector ounation, unan iniviual or invetment inutainable evelopment project,principall in eveloping countrie.An a tem houl be etablihe bae on principle 21 an 22agree in stockholm in 1972 to give victim o environmentalamage in one countr acce tothe court o the reponible countro that the can eek compenation.

There i a real nee to clari antrengthen the role o UNEP bagreeing to accor it the tatuo a pecialie agenc, ithouttreating the environment, hich ia temic iue, a a ector. Thicoul lea to the etablihment oa worl Environment Organization.The UN outate TruteehipCouncil houl be given a ne rolecovering the global common an

the environment, an Rio+20 houlenore an be groune in theEarth Charter.

some ill eem uch meaureunrealitic uner toa conition.But enial cannot change the realit,onl increae it anger. The neeor uch action i real an urgent.Rio+20 cannot o it all, but it can an mut et thee procee in

motion an give them the upportan impetu the require.

the action that nee to be takenrequires that they be rmlyroote in our eepet moral anethical principle.

yet the meeting take place at atime hen political prioritie areocue on the immeiate iue oeconomic and nancial crises, andaccompaning political turbulence,in much o the orl. Competitionand conict over scarce resourcesare ecalating an reitance tochange in pattern o prouctionan conumption ha eepene.The result is a signicant decline in

the priorit accore to longer termiue, notabl the environmentan climate change. Thi receionin political ill threaten ar moreamaging conequence than themore immeiate iue that havegiven rie to it.

It ha never been moreimportant to hee theevience o cience

that time i runningout in our abilit tomanage ucceullour impact on theEarth environment,bioiverit, reourcean lie-upporttem on hiche epen. Theecological problemat the root o bothour environmental

and nancial criseshave the ame ource the unamentaldeciencies in oureconomic tem. wemut rie above the leer concernthat pre-empt our attention anrepon to the realit that the utureo human lie epen on hat eo, or ail to o, in thi generation.

All thi unercore the urgent neeor eciive action at Rio+20.

We must riseabove the lesser concerns

that pre-empt our attention

and

respond to the reality that

the uture

o human lie depends

on what we do,

or ail to do,in this generation.



12/36

Ri+20a bRIEF UsER GUIDE

aRRIValsReception teams ill elcome ofcial delegationsat te international airports o Rio de Janeiro, SoPaulo, Braslia, Manaus, Recie, and Porto Alegre. Oterinternational airports ma be added, depending on tenumber o heads o State or Government entering Braziltroug tem.

Upon arrival in Brazil, oreign ofcials ill receiveexpedited customs and immigration clearance as long asteir arrival and departure data ave been inormed bNote Verbale at least fve business das in advance.

To ceck or connecting igts rom major Braziliancities to Rio de Janeiro, please visit te ebsite oInraero (Brazilian Airport Inrastructure Autorit) orceck it te appropriate airline.

Reception teams ill elcome delegations at teolloing airports in Rio de Janeiro: Antonio CarlosJobim International Airport (GIG) and Santos DumontAirport (SDU).

TRaNsPoRTaTIoNIn Rio de Janeiro, special suttle services ill be oeredb te Brazilian government to representatives oMember States, intergovernmental organizations, teUN sstem and media beteen airports and otels,and otels to Riocentro, rom 12 to 23 June 2012. A validConerence pass ill be reuired to access tis service.Prior to obtaining a Conerence pass, te olloing prooo identifcation ill be accepted:

Representatives o Member States or intergovernmentalorganizations: diplomatic passport, embass ID, ofcialletter o credentials or ofcial letter o participationissued b governments or organizations;

Representatives o te UN sstem: a valid UN Laissez-Passer or grounds pass;

Representatives o media: a valid ID togeter it acop o te e-mail rom te United Nations approvingparticipation in te Conerence.

In addition to parking places or te ofcial convo, upto our places in te Riocentro area ill be available ordelegations led b heads o State or Government, and upto to places or oter ofcial delegations. Accordingl,participants are encouraged to use te suttle service

instead o automobiles enever possible, ic ouldalso promote te Conerence teme o sustainabilit.

Furter uestions about transportation sould beorarded to te Rio+20 CNO at [email protected]

VENUEsMaIN VENUE: RIoCENTRo

Riocentro is te ofcialsite o te UnitedNations Conerenceon SustainableDevelopment. It is

located on AvenidaSalvador Allende, n6.555, Barra da Tijuca, Riode Janeiro.

Riocentro is a conventioncenter it fveinterconnected pavilionstotaling 100,000 m2,

itin a total area o 571,000 m2. A temporar pavilionill also be added or side events.

In 1992, it onl tree pavilions, Riocentro osted

te United Nations Conerence on Environment andDevelopment (1992 Eart Summit).

During te Rio+20 Conerence, te Riocentro area illbe under te responsibilit o te United Nations; onltose previousl accredited b te UN ill be able toenter tis area.

GaTED

GaTEEGaTEF

GaTEG GaTEH GaTEI(a,b,C)

GaGaTEC

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For ten days, Rio will be the centre o the world, sas te diplomat Laudemar Aguiar, responsible or te logistics o teUnited Nations Conerence on Sustainable Development, Rio+20.

Te Brazilian Government ants te event to be te largest conerence o te UN istor surpassing teCopenagen Summit o 2009 in attendance. Aguiar predicts te presence o 150 heads o State and a total o50,000 visitors, including diplomats, journalists, businessmen, politicians and environmental activists.


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Pviin 1: participants entrance; accreditation area orte press and ofcial delegates.

Pviin 2: ood court and oter services.

Pviin 3: media centre and conerence rooms.

Pviin 4: arrival area o convos ose heads oDelegation are not heads o State or Government; VIPlounge or Brazilian and oreign autorities; room or

bilateral meetings o ofcials o are not heads oState or Government; delegation support ofces; toecumenical rooms or meditation (one or omen andone or men); an auditorium seating 272 people.

Pviin 5: arrival area or convos o heads o Stateor Government; exclusive VVIP lounge or heads oState or Government; plenar all: participation inplenar sessions ill be limited to six delegates percountr, o ill be seated in to ros o tree seatseac, as in plenar sessions o te United NationsGeneral Assembl;

Temprr pviin:representatives o te majorgroups accredited b te UN ill occup te temporarpavilion, beteen Pavilions 1 and 2; tis area ill beused or side events suc as conerences, seminars,and presentations.

oTHER VENUEsaTHlETEs PaRkAtletes Park, locatedacross te street romRiocentro, ill ostpavilions rom member

countries, United Nationsagencies, and te Braziliangovernment, in addition tooter activities related tote Conerence.

JaCaREPaGURaCING CIRCUIT(aUTDRoMo DE

JaCaREPaGU)During te Conerencete racing circuit ill be a

major area or exibitions,events, and civilsociet participation.

baRRa aRENa(aRENa Da baRRa)Te Arena ill ostcivil societ activitiesand serve as a venueor registration and oteractivities, in addition torebroadcasting eventsrom Riocentro.

FlaMENGo PaRk(PaRqUE DoFlaMENGo)

Civil societ activities illbe eld at te Park underte responsibilit o teCivil Societ SteeringCommittee or te Rio+20.

Te Summit or tePeoples ill be one otose activities.

MoDERN aRT MUsEUM (MUsEU DE aRTEMoDERNa) aND VIVo RIo

Located in te gardens o Flamengo Park, te MAMsacilities ill old an exibition about sustainabledevelopment, as ell as a biodiversit air. Te areasurrounding MAM ill ost government and civil societactivities. Vivo Rio, a 200-seat a teatre adjacent to teMAM, ill old civil societ activities and serve as arebroadcasting area.

MaU PIER (PER MaU) aND CITIZENsHIPaCTIoN CUlTURal CENTER(CENTRo CUlTURal ao Da CIDaDaNIa)

Mau Pier ill be te setting o government-ostedexibitions on sustainable tecnologies, among oters.Te Citizensip wareouse ill ost activities related tocultural and social inclusion.

Fr mre inrmtin n the cnerence, ee:

.uncsd2012.org/rio20/

.unep.org/rio20

.rio20.gov.br/



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g

busssProtecting our natural reource ione o the bigget entrepreneurialopportunitie o our lietime. wehave the technolog to realie it.we no nee the right governmentpolicie to put the capital in placeto buil a ne econom, one that

put people an the planet aheao buine a uual an createa more equitable a o lie inharmon ith the planet.so ar buine, or capitalim, orthe mot part, ha been a meano making mone. Ho it ha beenmae ha not been a importanta the en reult. One o the motevatating theorie o the 1970a that no matter hat it took to

achieve it the primar purpoe obuine a to maximie value orit hareholer. Thi le to a varieto ocial ill here buineepollute, icar emploee at therop o a hat or create unutainablehort-term gain.Capitalim ha create economicgrowth and brought many benets,but at a cost not reected in the

balance heet. Buine a uual irecking our planet. Reource are

being ue up. The air, the eaan the lan are heavil pollute.The poor are getting poorer.Man are ing o tarvation, orbecaue the cannot aor lieaving meicine. Nearl hal o theorl population live on le

than $2 a a an to out o threeo thee people have no acce torinking ater.The short-term focus on prot hasriven mot buinee to orgetabout their importantlong term role in takingcare o people anthe planet. All overthe orl people areemaning that thi

change a eveeen in the occupmovement.

M ne book ScrewBusiness as Usual

(Virgin 12.99) tellthe tor o a evenear journe. whenit began, I thought Ia oing reaonabl ell a an

entrepreneur an a a caring humanbeing. M buine lie a running

moothl an m peronal lie aver happ. But a I gre oler iteeme that I a not making a bigenough ierence, particularl givenm increible goo ortune, an I

realie that I hanteven begun to cratchthe urace o hatneee to be one tohelp enure theurvival o the planet.

I a alo ver aarethat there a toomuch povert in theorl. I ha alaante Virgin tobe a trong rolemoel o ocialentrepreneurhip, butno I kne e oulhave to o more to

help rive change an get everone

acro all our buinee to bepart o it.

Business

should not just

avoid polluting

but undo the pollution

o the last couple

o centuries

and restore harmony

with nature.

ricHard BranSonFunder nd Chirmn,

the Virgin Grup



15/36

Last October

Virgin Atlantic

unveiled an even

more exciting breakthrough:

turning waste gases rom

industrial steel production

into jet uel.

M journe tarte in earnet aterAl Gore turne up at m houein Lonon. He preente a bleakchoice. Cut all carbon emiion ankeep the orl temperature ithina ae range an have a chance oaverting a global catatrophe. Oro nothing an atch a the orlarm up an ea level rie.My rst thought was to look forentrepreneurial a to tackle the

problem. Mabe I coul make agran geture that coul be bothhelpul in itel an timulate otherto ollo. so I plege that anivien the Virgin Group tookrom our airline or train buineeover the next ten ear oul beinvete in reneable uel anparticularly in trying to nd analternative to jet uel.

I rst checked out ethanol, onlyto learn it a not a goo iea or

plane a it reeze at 5,000 metre!so e have invete in cientit

ho have been eveloping uel thato not reeze uel rom algae,uel rom iobutonol, even uelrom mallee eucalptu tree: VirginAutralia i orking ith a companto turn the tree oo biomainto biocrude oil, to be rened intoaviation uel, an biochar that canbe ploughe into oil to improve itqualit hile equetering carbon.An lat October Virgin Atlantic

unveile an even more excitingbreakthrough: turning ate gaerom inutrial teel prouctioninto jet uel.

Thee invetment are all lookingreall poitive, but to balance theEarth temperature e nee to cut25 gigaton rom the orl annualcarbon emiion. so our ounation,Virgin Unite, et up the Carbonwar Room to create a ne global

approach in builing market-baeolution or carbon reuction,bringing together a like-minegroup o international entrepreneurto blen the poer o buine ithcapital an technolog to help breakon market barrier an attractun into ucceul olution.It has identied 25 sectors that itbelieve can o thi incluing

hipping, aviation, I.T., an energefciency in buildings and is

etting about hoing them ho.In hipping hich emit abouta billion tonne o carbon ioxiea ear it ha rate veel orenergy efciency on an A to Ginex. Thi ill allo buer to pickthe bet hip an port to avourthe cleanet veel, proviinginormation to allo the market toork better.similarl it ha evelope aninnovative nancing system forimproving the energy efciency ofbuiling that give lener almotatertight ecurit b having theloan or ouble glazing, olar

panel etc repai out o lightlincreae propert taxe. It tetethe iea in Miami an sacramentoan quickl a $650 millioncommitte rom private enterprieto retrot buildings, slash energyconumption,an create thouano job.Buine mut recognie that long-term hareholer value i more

likel to be create b companiethat value their emploee, act agoo environmental tear anthink long term. Companie thatconitentl manage an meauretheir reponible buine activitiehave conitentl outperormetheir fTsE 350 peer on totalhareholer return.Buine houl not jut avoipolluting but uno the pollution o

the lat couple o centurie anretore harmon ith nature. Ithoul help the le ortunate tobuil a a o earning a living othat the can live ith ignit. Anit houl reinvent ho e live tocreate a ar more balance, healthan peaceul orl. Capitalimhoul operate in uch a ociallreponible a that it ill give poorpeople economic reeom. Then ne

opportunitie or entrepreneurhipill arie.


Shutterstock



The uture e ant i a healthone. Better health contribute toutainable evelopment implbecaue health people are betterable to learn, earn an contributepoitivel to their ocietie. Thi

a ell capture in the original Riodeclaration in 1992 here Principle1 peak o human being athe central concern o utainableevelopmentliving a health anprouctive lie in harmon ithnature. The role o health areafrmed at the Johannesburgummit ten ear later an i evenmore vital toa. I believe that in2012 e nee to make the cae orhealth more trongl, an e havethe evience to o o.

we nee to tart thinking about therelationhip beteen health anutainable evelopment in threecomplementar a. Health aa contributor to the achievemento utainabilit goal; health a a

potential beneciary of sustainableevelopment; an health a a ao meauring progre acroall three pillar o utainableevelopment polic.

Let tart ith the lat point.Progre toar utainableevelopment require metricthat integrate the economic,environmental an ocial imeniono polic. Invetment in healthalone cannot olve the problem

o overeign ebt, volatile ooprice or the environmental impacto climate change. But or thoe ou that are concerne to promote aairer, greener an more utainableapproach to globaliation, people

health remain vitall important aa meaure o the impact o policiein all thee area. Not onl arehealth outcome reail meaurable,health concern are immeiate,peronal an local. Meauring theimpact o utainable evelopmenton health can thereore generatepublic an political interet in aa that buil popular upportor policie that have more iueor eerre outcome (uch areucing CO

2emiion).

margareT cHanDirectr-GenerWrd Heth orgniztin

The links between

health,

sustainable development

and economic growth

become starkly clearwhen we realise that

lack o

access to health services

impoverishes people

because they cannot work,

while

using health services

impoverishes people

because they cannot pay.

Hth

t



A health environment i aprerequiite or goo health.Reuction in air, ater anchemical pollution can prevent upto one quarter o the overall bureno ieae. Environmental change(through eoretation, air pollution,desertication, urbanisation andchanging lan ue) have beencauall linke to man preingglobal health problem incluingmalaria, ater-borne ieae,malnutrition, AIds, TB, maternalhealth an non-communicableieae (uch a cancer, heartieae, chronic repirator ieae

an iabete). But hile health canbe a major beneciary of economican environmental evelopment, thiill not happen automaticall. Tentyears after the rst Rio Summit,eciion that guie urban planning,tranport an houing evelopmenttoo oten till create rather thanreuce air pollution, noie antrafc injuries, and limit rather thanpromote phical activit. Agriculturalan oo policie too oten makeit harer, not eaier to acce tohealth an nutritiou oo.

Evience ho e can o thingierentl. wHO Health in theGreen Econom erie point toman example. stuie o activetranport tem ho that cclingto ork can reuce mortalitb 30 per cent. Acce to rapitranit tem alo goe han in

han ith more equitable healthoutcome becaue people arebetter able to acce the ervicethe nee. The right mix o climatechange mitigation policie orreiential builing can contributeto a reuction in health rikrom extreme eather conition.Energ policie that reuce airpollution coul halve the number ochilhoo eath rom pneumonia

an ubtantiall reuce the onemillion eath each ear that occur

rom chronic lung ieae. Cleanercooking uel are particularlimportant: current evienceugget that replacing bioma orcoal tove ith cleaner uel canhelp improve the health o up tothree billion people.

we oten reer to the health

co-benets of environmentalpolicie an the nee to multipl thehealth ivien rom utainableevelopment, but eentiall hate are talking about i a nee orpolic coherence. A the orleek to are the challengepoe b ageing population,groing citie, increaingl mobilepopulation, competition orscarce natural resources, nancial

uncertaint, an the vagarie o achanging climate, it i no longer

viable to think o olution in termo iniviual ector. similarl, therei little to be gaine b policie(uch a caling up the ue o ieeluel) that reuce greenhoue gaemiion, but rik increaing levelo repirator or cariac ieaea a reult o air pollution. A greeneconom i one that maximiebenets, but with health and humanell-being a the bottom line.

Lastly, there is the speciccontribution that health polic canmake to utainable evelopment.wHO etimate that 150 million

people each ear uer everenancial hardship because they fallill, ue health ervice an haveto pa or them on the pot. Manhave to ell aet or go into ebtto meet the pament. A hunremillion people are puhe belo thepovert line or thee reaon. Thelink beteen health, utainableevelopment an economic grothbecome tarkl clear hen erealie that lack o acce to healthervice impoverihe peoplebecaue the cannot ork, hileuing health ervice impoverihepeople becaue the cannot pa.

Protecting people rom catatrophicexpeniture an enuring acceto eential ervice (incluingreprouctive an exual healthervice) through Univeral HealthCoverage i an eential element

o an trateg to reuce povertan buil reilient ocietie.from thi perpective, health inot jut a eirable ie eector co-beneciary of sustainableevelopment. Rather, it nee tobe een a an eential pillar init on right ith potential toincreae economic groth, improveeucational opportunitie, limitthe negative impact o population

groth, reuce impoverihment anoter ocial coheion.

A green economy

is one that

maximizes benefts,

but with health and

human well-being

as the bottom line.

KibaePark/UNPhoto



Pollutants tat are sort-lived in te atmos-pere suc as black carbon, metane anddrouorocarbons (hFCs) are responsible orover 30 per cent o current global arming, itparticularl large impacts in urban areas andsensitive regions o te orld like te Arctic.

Te also are knon to ave armul ealt andenvironmental impacts.

Addressing tese sort lived climate pollutants canave immediate, multiple benefts. Reducing temill protect uman ealt and te environmentno and slo te rate o climate cange itin tefrst al o tis centur.

Recognising tat mitigation o te impacts o sortlived climate pollutants is critical in te near termor addressing climate cange, te governments o

Banglades, Canada, Gana, Mexico, Seden andte United States came togeter it UNEP earlier

tis ear to initiate te frst eort to treat tesepollutants as a collective callenge. Togeter, teave ormed te Climate and Clean Air Coalitionto Reduce Sort Lived Climate Pollutants (CCAC), auniue initiative to support ast action and make adierence on several ronts at once: public ealt,ood and energ securit and climate. Te Coalitionis open to countries and non-state actors tat arecommitted to taking action on sort lived climatepollutants, and is to join in tis global eort.

CCaC ojective

Te Coalitions initial ocus is on metane, blackcarbon, and hFCs. At te same time, Partnersrecognise tat action on Sort lived climatepollutants must complement and supplement, not

replace, global action to reduce carbon dioxide, inparticular eorts under te UNFCCC.

UNEP t wr

shrt ive, devtting impct:UNEP unche

new citin t tcehrt-ived cimte putnt.

U.S.Departm

entofState



the Climate and Clean Air Coalition

to Reduce Short Lived Climate Pollutants

(CCAC) is a unique initiative to support

fast action and make a difference on

several fronts at once: public health,food and energy security and climate.

Te Coalitions objectives are to address sort lived climatepollutants b:

Raising aareness o sort lived climate pollutantimpacts and mitigation strategies;

Enancing and developing ne national and regionalactions, including b identiing and overcoming

barriers, enancing capacit, and mobilising support;

Promoting best practices and socasing successuleorts; and

Improving scientifc understanding o sort livedclimate pollutant impacts and mitigation strategies.

Te Coalition intends to serve as a orum or assessingprogress in addressing te callenge o sort lived climatepollutants and or mobilising resources to accelerate action.It orks to catalse ne actions as ell as to igligtand bolster existing eorts on near-term climate cangeand related public ealt, ood and energ securit, andenvironmental issues.

sTRUCTURE

Te Climate and Clean Air Coalition to Reduce SortLived Climate Pollutants is a partnersip o governments,intergovernmental organizations, representatives o teprivate sector, te environmental communit, and otermembers o civil societ. Te Coalition is government-led,but is igl cooperative and voluntar. Its governancestructure includes te olloing;

A working Group it representatives rom te Partnersoversees te cooperative actions o te Coalition.

A hig-Level Assembl o te Coalition Partnersconvenes to set polic, take stock o progress and initiateuture eorts.

A Scientifc Advisor Panel is responsible or keeping teCoalition abreast o ne science development on sortlived climate pollutants, anser specifc uestions ote Coalition and inorm polic discussions.

A Secretariat is osted b UNEP in Paris.

WHaT aRE sHoRT lIVEDClIMaTE PollUTaNTs?

shrt ived cimte putnt(slCP) re gent tht hveretive hrt ietime in the

tmphere - ew d t ew decde - nd tend thve wrming infuence ncimte. The min hrt ivedcimte putnt re ccrn, trppheric znend methne, which re themt imprtnt cntriutrt the humn enhncement the g greenhueeect ter Co2. Thee hrtived cimte putnt re dngeru ir putnt,with vriu detrimentimpct n humn heth,gricuture nd ectem.other hrt ived cimteputnt incude mehdrfurcrn (HFC).Whie HFC re currentpreent in m untitin the tmphere theircntriutin t cimte rcing

i prjected t cim t much 19% g Co2emiin 2050.

WHy Do WE NEED To aCT?

shrt ived cimte putntre impcting puic heth,d, wter nd ecnmicecurit rge pputin,th direct thrugh their

impct n humn heth,gricuture nd ectem,nd indirect thrugh theireect n cimte. shrtived cimte putnt hveecme mjr devepmentiue tht c r uic ndignicnt wrdwide ctin.

www.unep.rg/ccc/



The global economic moel o thepat ecae ha aile to improvethe live o too man in ociet anha reake havoc on the healtho our planet. Continue overueo natural reource threaten theenvironment an mean prouctioncot ill rie, buinee ill be

irupte, job ill be lot anliving tanar ill all. Inee,over a million Aian oret orkerhave alrea lot their job throughunutainable logging practice.

The tranition to a greener economi not jut environmentall criticalbut alo make perect economican ocial ene. It bring improvelivelihoo, ocial incluion anmore an better job. But or thi to

happen, people an their livelihoomut be at the core o polic-making unlike toa.

At the ILO e believe that thedecent work Agena oer acoherent polic rameork thatcan integrate the macroeconomic,emploment, ocial anenvironmental imenion o thihit. The concept o utainable

enterprie i particularl relevant aligning enterprie groth an the

creation o prouctive emplomentan ecent ork ith utainableevelopment objective. An o ithat o Green Job hich contributeto reucing the economenvironmental ootprint an arecarrie out uner ecent orkconition, incluing healthier an

aer orkplace.

The hit toar a greenereconom ill aect emploment anincome itribution. will it help utackle the ocial challenge acingthe orl in the 21t Centur?what ill happen to the more than200 million unemploe, the largetnumber ever recore? will there beopportunitie or outh in a greener

econom hen ome 400 millionaitional job are neee over

the next ecae or oung peopleentering the labour market? what othe more than 940 million orkingpoor nearl one in ever three othe orl orker? Or the billionuering peritent ocial excluionin term o acce to baic ocialecurit, moern energ, ecent

houing or anitation?

A ith an tructural change,the move toar a greener anmore utainable groth moel illentail both job creation an loe.Alarmit claim that caring or theenvironment oul cot groth anjob are miplace: green meaurecan have a poitive impact on netemploment. A recent anali o

20 tuie covering eight countriean the EU ho uch policie

dth jb

JUan SomaviaDirectr-Gener,Interntin lur orgniztin



The biggest opportunities rom

greening the economy are

in improving

existing jobs and incomes.

This is true or agriculture,

which still employs

one in every three workers,but concentrates 70 per cent

o the worlds poor.

Studies by UNEP and the ILO

suggest that investing

in sustainable smallholder

arming could lit

tens o millions out o poverty.

ha a net impact o beteen a 0.5to 2 per cent increae in emploment.Thi i clearl not enough to olvethe emploment problem, but itmake a contribution.

The bigget impact i likel to beneither creation nor etruction,but tranormation o man jobacro the econom. The biggetopportunitie rom greening theeconom are in improving exitingjob an income. Thi i true oragriculture, hich till emploone in ever three orker, butconcentrate 70 per cent o theorl poor. stuie b UNEP anthe ILO ugget that inveting in

utainable mallholer arming coullit ten o million out o povert.similarl, 10-20 million inormalate picker coul be integrateinto ormal, moern recclingtem maivel improving theirincome an conition, ithgreat environmental an economicbenets. Women play a key role inmanaging natural reource anorm the majorit o the orl poor:

moving toar a greener economoer an opportunit to promotegener equalit.

Neither net gain in emplomentnor accelerate povert reuctionan ocial incluion ill happen beault. Environmental concernalone ill not lea u toar agreener an airer econom. Ipolicie are to be ucceul anutainable the ill nee a trong

emploment an ocial component.

We need to focus on scal policiesan price ignal like eco-taxehich penalie reource conumptionan pollution an rear emplomentb hiting the cot buren romlabour to energ an reource.Early identication of needed skillsan programme or upgraing themi require to avoi the bottleneck

holing back green groth in mancountrie an ector.

Greening the econom open upan avenue or trengtheningaarene an honing kill thatpromote the aet an healtho orker . Greening traitionalinutrie can help are manlong-taning occupational aetan health hazar, but grothin green ector like reneableenergie, ate management anreccling ma bring ne one.

The implication mut be careullconiere beore eploing netechnolog an implementingne prouction procee.

It ill be crucial to enure thatenterprie particularl the mallan meium-ize one that proviemot emploment an create motne job can make the tranition.The nee acce to inormation,technology, nance, skills and green

market oten not eato provie. An targeteprogramme ill be neee toovercome ocial excluion. Acceto clean, moern energ or the1.3 billion people ho lack it illnot happen automaticall. deliberatepolicie can enormoul boot thequalit o lie, particularl or omen,but energ acce ill have a bigpin-o eect, opening up a hole

range o ne emploment anincome generation opportunitie.

Ientiing a earl a poible theinutrie, enterprie an orkermot likel to be aecte i ke.for example, greening tranportill impl a hit to rail an matranportation, ith a tremenouimpact on people orking in thoeinutrie. Government, unionan emploer can ork togetherto evelop preventive trategie anmake the tranition economicall anociall utainable.

Finally, social protection oorshave proven to be highl eectiveuring the global economic crii.The helpe to boot houeholincome an aggregate eman,

giving man countrie more room tomanoeuvre. The ill alo be verueul a countrie embark on greentranition, or example b protectingreunant orker. Income upportcheme can pa poor houeholor environmental ervice theprovie through protecting oretan marine lie an compenatethem or energ price increaereulting rom ubi reorm or

pricing o emiion that oulotherie hit them iproportionatelhar. while the poor conume muchle energ, a much bigger parto their houehol expeniture iirectl linke to it cot.

Man o the change that ill occurin moving toar a airer an moreutainable uture are preictableand manageable. A rm commitmentto ocial ialogue oul give

government, ocial partner an alltakeholer a unique opportunit toensure this transition benetspeople, the econom an theenvironment. There can beubtantial net gain in emploment,ocial incluion an povert reuctioni economic an environmentalmeaure are complemente ithappropriate ecent ork policie.Rio +20 ill be a crucial moment or

solidifying this goal backed by rmcommitment to action.



Rio + 20 eek to ecure renee political commitment or utainableevelopment, ae the progre an implementation gap in meetingprevioul-agree commitment, an are ne an emerging challenge.

Throughout the preparatory process, two major issues were identied forthe ongoing negotiation; a green econom in the context o utainableevelopment an povert eraication; an the International frameork or

sutainable development (Ifsd).

dicuion on the Ifsdapproache the major iue oGovernance at the International,Regional an National Level.Member tate raie quetion onho intitutional rameork canupport an promote utainableevelopment, nationall anregionall, an on hat can beone to trengthen them. The aloake hat action are requireto buil tronger brige beteenthe three pillar o utainableevelopment economic, ocialan environmental an hatchange an ajutment areneee to trengthen the globalintitutional architecture.

The Implementation Plan othe 2002 worl summit onsutainable development helin Johanneburg on the tenthanniverar o the original RioEarth Summit afrmed that: aneective intitutional rameork orutainable evelopment at all leveli ke to the ull implementationo Agena 21, the ollo-up to theoutcome o the worl summiton sutainable development anmeeting emerging utainableevelopment challenge. Meaureaime at trengthening uch arameork houl buil on theproviion o Agena 21, a ella the Programme or the furtherImplementation o Agena 21 o1997, an the principle o theRio declaration on Environmentan development, an houl

promote the achievement o theinternationall agree evelopmentgoal, incluing thoe containein the Millennium declaration,taking into account the MonterreConenu an relevant outcomeo other major Unite Nationconerence an internationalagreement ince 1992. It houlbe reponive to the nee oall countrie, taking into account

the specic needs of developingcountrie incluing the mean o

riTa miSHaanRi +20 Centr americn ndGutemn Crdintr (2010-2011)

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implementation. It houl lea tothe trengthening o internationalboie an organization ealingith utainable evelopment,hile repecting their exitingmanate, a ell a to thetrengthening o relevant regional,national an local intitution.

so, hat ha happene incethen? wh have e not achieveall the agreement etablihealong the roa? Are e too araito launch the ieal rameork orutainable evelopment at theglobal, regional an national level?Or i there a common politicalarrangement, the kin that i

agree in ilence, among the trongan poerul political leaer othe orl hoe economic aninutrialie interet have thelat or? Ho can e avancetoar the challenge o conrontingthe exceive prouction anconumption that ue 80 per cento the planet natural reource orthe benet of only 20 per cent of itspopulation? Neele to a, at thepreent rate o population groth,e ill nee three an a hal or ourplanet b 2050 to ee humanit.

so, i there an poible olution orachieving true an eirable globalutainable evelopment? Are eilling to agree to a coheive anunite orce to achieve internationalgovernance? An, hat about theregional an national level? Theeare ome o the quetion that

remain unanere. But it i up tou, the member tate, region anorking group, to puh orarome o the olution.

during the Central Americanconultation proce e agree thatover the lat 20 ear the UniteNation tem ha never enablean Environmental Agenc to havea high level manate that ull

implemente Agena 21 principle,or ha the potential to coorinate

among the ierent internationalboie or generate a coheivepolitical orce to enure that thethree pillar ere aligne in theame irection

The main leonlearne, timean time again,i the lack ocomprehenivepolitical coherenceamong theinternational,regional annational intitutionin charge outainable

evelopment. It ia long a romthe political illexpree,20 ear ago,to a the leat.

I e are toapproachutainable evelopment, emut generate goo governance.Thi, in turn, i eential or ouneconomic policie, oli emocraticintitution that are reponive to thenee o the people an improveinratructure that can orm thebai or utaine economicgroth, povert eraication, anemploment creation.

so, uring our national an regionalicuion on thi regar, econclue that the challenge to

conier are; changing the ormat oexiting intitution an improvingcoorination beteen them.

The Commiion on sutainabledevelopment houl unergo achange o architecture that giveit more leverage at the highet level,tranorming it into a Councilor sutainable development toeal ith the ubject ithin the

Unite Nation tem an erve aa orum or the icuion o all the

iue relate to integratingthe three imenion outainable evelopment.

when it come to improvingcoorination amongexiting intitution,it i importantto highlight thehitor generatein the coure o theeliberation o theIntergovernmentalPanel on internationalenvironmentalmanagemento UNEP, hichupporte the

concept oprogrammaticclutering omultilateralenvironmentalagreement.

strengthening UNEPa a program houl

be raie to a higher level. It houlbe given the poer to mobilie morenancial resources and implementproject at national an regionallevel. such a ne architecture orUNEP houl, in turn, trengthenits regional ofces and includenational preence to accompanimplementing an monitoring actionon the groun.

Ultimatel, generating antrengthening a ne rameorko international intitution or

utainable evelopment i, aala, on to eciion makerho are illing to make a ierence.what i certain i that toecae ater the Rio Earth ummitan our ecae ince nationmet in Stockholm for the rst majorinternational political conerencespecically dedicated to theenvironment e o not have 20or 40 more ear in hich to ecie

the uture o the Planet or theurvival o uture generation.

Strengthening UNEP

as a program should

be raised

to a higher level.

It should be

given the power

to mobilise

more fnancial resourcesand

implement projects

at national

and regional levels.


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Te SEED Initiative is a global partnersip or action on sustainabledevelopment and te green econom.

Founded b UNEP, UNDP and IUCN, SEED supports innovativesmall-scale and locall driven entrepreneursips around teglobe ic integrate social and environmental benefts into teirbusiness model.

Te 2011 inners ere recentl announced at a ceremon inNairobi, Kena. Acim Steiner, UN Under-Secretar-General, and

UNEP Executive Director, said: Te SEED winners illuminatea business model tat cannot onl be successul but aveoutcomes tat meet te environmental and social imperatives ocommunities and countries across te globe. Te underline tata transition to a Green Econom is not onl a uture possibilit buta realit tat is saping te present and ill defne te decades tocome i accelerated and scaled-up - Rio+20 is tat opportunit inJune next ear.

Te inners represent 35 innovative start-up ventures in: BurkinaFaso, Cameroon, Egpt, Gana, Kena, Madagascar, Nepal, Nigeria,Randa, Senegal, Sout Arica, Sri Lanka, Tanzania, Te Gambia,

Uganda, Zimbabe.

EgptKaram , a local

partnersip initiative,is driven b a social

enterprise marketingtraditional Egptian

andicrat products rom natural

or reccled resources ic aremade b rural artisans.

burin F Te Solar bread oven is a large brid solar/

gas-fred oven usable or all kinds o bakingand roasting. Te oven ill be distributedtroug local omen cooperatives via arancising netork.

Te Reccling Centre or Used Plastic Bagsrun b a omens environmental group asdeveloped a tecniue to eave asionaccessories, decorative objects, and citcloting out o used plastic bags.

Voute Nubienne - Building Eart Roos in teSael Te Nubian Vault Association trainsentrepreneurs in te ancient tecniue obuilding durable roos rom unfred eart.

CmernTAyAB ECO-ORChARDS aims

to relieve te eects o landscarcit leading to urter

deorestation.

The 2011 sEED awrd winner ( cuntr)

Nep:Te Solid waste Managementand Communit MobilisationProgram is a aste collectionand reccling initiative o

over 1,000 ouseolds andbusinesses and is run ba omens environmentcommittee and supportedb a local municipalit.Landfll aste is reduced viareccling and biogas plantsare uelled b organic aste.A savings cooperative asalso been establised or150 emale members.

The 2011 sEEDGender Euitawrd Winner


In Depthseed Inititive Winnerbringing Green Ecnm t the Grrt t Ri+20


25/36


26/36

suth aricTrive orks in te areas oaste, local ood, ater, energ, andbiodiversit to produce tangibleenvironmental benefts ile atte same time building capacit,creating jobs and generating income

or local communities.

Everpix-ACT-SA communities:natural tree products andcommunit resource management aims toaugment rural income and incentivise treeplanting b manuacturing and marketingproducts rom indigenous trees gron blocal communities, suc as Marula nut oil.

w hone is a start-up aiming toincrease an insufcient local bee population and building a air-trade suppl cain or one and apiculture

products b training omen bee-keepers to become micro-entrepreneurs.

Te Development o a Komani San Cultural and Nature Guiding Enterprise and Association is an eco-tourism enterprise tat emplos members o te local indigenous communit.

Imai Farming Cooperative is a omens cooperative ic is increasing and stabilising armers incomesand reducing aste b processing surplus res vegetable produce into pickles.

RwndProject or producing edible musroom spores ispioneering te local production o primar musroomspores troug a laborator run b a cooperative ohIV-inected omen and idos.

Solar Sister- Arican omen ledgrassrootsgreen energrevolutionruns a directsales netorko omenentrepreneurs,selling solar-poeredlanterns to

rural ouseolds.

Ugnd

seneg

Feed oursel, care or oursel andbeauti oursel it te same plantsis a omens cooperative and a pto-parmaceutical laborator is buildinga suppl cain o natural ingredientsbased on air-trade principles.

Reusing aste carcoal as biocar is aamil-run business ic is producingbiocar rom aste carcoal and cla.

sri lnCommunit-based, sustainable and commerciall viable Aloe

vera products as alternative income generation or fseromenin Bar Ree Special Management Area in Kalpitia lo-costaloe vera cultivation is oering an alternative liveliood tofseromen o use te unproductive lands o te coastalareas to produce beverages and suppl te cosmetic industr.

Tnzni Butter arming or pro-poor tourism

and environment conservation:replicating teir successul project in Zanzibar, tis partnersip is settingup a butter park as a tourist attraction, at te same time generating

income or local armers troug butter arming.

Plastic waste Reccling as an Alternative to Burning and Landfllingcollects plastic aste ic can be sold to te initiatives reccling acilitic in turn produces plastic pellets or industrial use.

Enancing omen armers access to proftable markets b developinga toolkit or value-added post-arvest solar ruit dring, andling andutilisation o orticultural crops or local and regional market procurementin East Arica tackles a critical lack o ood preservation and storage meanstroug innovative solar dring tecnolog.

ZimweSustainable development

troug processingnatural productssupports omenentrepreneurs toarvest, process

and marketMarula-tree products.

Further deti ut sEED Winner cn e und n the sEED weite t www.eedinit.rg



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Wrd Envirnment D 2012www.unep.org/wed/

wondering o ou can celebrate wED tis ear? here aredozens o eas ideas to elp ou adapt to a ne environmentallconscious liestle. Sign up to sta updated it atsappening or world Environment Da. Ater June 5t, te siteill eature a compreensive round-up o te activities romaround te globe.

Cimte nd Cen air Citinwww.unep.org/ccacAs eatured on page 18, a number o countries and UNEP avecome togeter to initiate te frst eort to combat pollutantstat are sort-lived in te atmospere suc as black carbon soot,metane and drouorocarbons.

UNEP Freight Reprtwww.unep.org/publications/ebooks/ForesightReportA uniue venture led b UNEP to identi and analse 21emerging environmental issues or te 21st Centur.

UNEP yer b 2012www.unep.org/yearbook/2012Looking at ke scientifc issues in greater detail, te UNEPyear Book provides in-dept analsis o trendingenvironmental topics.

annu Reprt 2011www.unep.org/annualreport/2011A ascinating and inormative insigt into UNEPs progress in2011, it snapsots o te organizations vital ork around

te globe.

GEowww.unep.org/geoUNEPs agsip Global Environmental Outlook report, no in itsft edition, provides inormation or policmakers on te stateo te orlds environment and a series o in-dept case studieson o environmental degradation can be reversed and repaired.

Green Ecnmwww.unep.org/greeneconomyTe Green Econom unites all global citizens under te bannero sustainable development itin te context o protecting andmanaging te orlds resources. Learn more ere, it essentialtools and background on te issues involved.

Exp 2012www.un-expo2012.orgTis ears major international Expo is in yesou, Sout Korea,it te teme o Oceans and Coasts: Connecting Our Lives,Ensuring Our Future- Te Coice is yours. Learn more about teUN pavilion and involvement at tis site.

UN Envirnment Mngement Grupwww.unemg.orgTis site brings togeter all te UNs cross-agenccooperation on environmental issues, it particular ocuson Land, Biodiversit, te Green Econom, Sustainabilit andEnvironmental Governance.

This page contains links to websites to help you research issues related to Sustainable Development. Our Planet magazinedoes not, however, endorse the viewpoints o any o the groups to which we link, and we cannot guarantee the accuracy o

the inormation posted on these sites. Rather, we hope to provide you with a broad range o opinions and perspectives.

www

Rio+20

www.uncsd2012.org/rio20/Te ofcial ebsite o te UN Conerence onSustainable Development, to be eld in Rio deJaneiro, Brazil, June 20-22 2012. Inormation ordelegates, media, stakeolders and campaigners.

www.unep.org/rio20UNEPs Rio+20 site provides a ide range oresources linked to te conerence, includingbackground briefngs and polic notes, and aseries o articles b politicians, businessmenand omen, scientists, and civil societ, draingupon teir uniue vies on te conerence.

www.rio20.gov.br/Te ofcial Brazilian government site ituseul inormation or delegates and attendees.In Englis, Portuguese and Spanis.

Wrd Cngre n Jutice, Gvernnce nd lwr Envirnment sutiniitwww.unep.org/delc/worldcongressheld immediatel prior to Rio+20(17-20 June), tis ig-level event ill bringtogeter legislators and senior judges romaround te orld to contribute to te outcomeo Rio+20 b presenting its fndings to teconerence.

stehder Frumwww.earthsummit2012.orgTe Stakeolder Forum brings togeterman polic-makers, local governments,tink-tanks, NGOs, scools and all kinds ocommunit-based organizations to expressteir vies at te conerence.

The Future We Wntwww.un.org/en/sustainablefuture/An opportunit to join te debate on Rio+20 andlend our personal perspective. Te contributionsill be compiled and turned into a multimediaexibition to be son at Rio, on te Internet andten around te orld. Titter: #utureeant.

Ri+20 Diguewww.riodialogues.orgAn online platorm to ensure broad, democraticand diverse participation in te SustainableDevelopment Dialogues (Rio 16-19 June), bringingtogeter experts and stakeolders rom civilsociet, including private sector, NGOs, scientifccommunit, among oter major groups.

Fcewww.facebook.com/UNRioplus20A social orum to discuss and excange ideasand inormation on te conerence.



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m

gth

Joeph Alcamo i a man itha miion. A UNEP Chiescientit, he ha a ual role. Heha to keep track o the contantand growing scientic data onour environment, an enure that

the organization communicateit to the outie orl. At theame time, he trive to keepthe scientic community up toate ith the nee an emano polic-maker.

It a tall orer. No oner, then,that he ee thi gap beteencience an polic a one o themot preing iue going in

to Rio+20.

It i urgent to bolterengagement o cience anpolic, Alcamo a. He cite thefth edition of UNEPs agshippublication, Global EnvironmentalOutlook (GEO 5), unergoingits nal drafting at the time ofour intervie, in preparationor it launch at Rio+20.The eight tome i an attempt

to conoliate in one place thecurrent unertaning o the tateo the orl environment, ithpractical, concrete uggetionor improvement.

with GEO 5 eve realie thatthe international communitha et man ierent goal orthe global environment, aAlcamo, but it ha not one a

goo job o reaching them. Oninet goal et out at or inceiStockphoto

Richrd Crmptn t tJoSepH alcamoUNEP Chie scientit



29/36

polic. One big iea ere lookingat i to change the architecture oglobal change reearch. Along theeline UNEP i partnering ith ICsU[International Council or science],UNESCO [UN Educational, Scientican Cultural Organization] another in the future Earth Initiative.Through future Earth ere tringto bring the cientit orking oniue o utainabilit much cloerto the uer an takeholer othi cience. Anthen, a thir areaor action i toencourage cientitto liten more cloel

to policmaker inetting the agena o that reearchprioritie are morestrongly inuencedb the urgentnee o ocietor inormation.

With his ofceituate in UNEP

heaquarter inNairobi, Kena,Joeph Alcamo iacutel aare thatthe communitiehich uer motrom the inormationgap are thoe in theeveloping orl.

It a a act that the motvulnerable part o the orl have

the least developed scienticcommunitie, he a. we nee tostrengthen the scientic communityin eveloping countrie anquickl. when tuie are conucteon rought in Arica, or example,the expertie i oten provierom outie the continent. Aricahas fteen per cent of the worldpopulation but jut 1.5 per cent o itcientit. were loing the unique

Arican perpective the inigenouknolege on olution.

Rio [The Earth summit in 1992],jut ort have hon progrean o thoe, onl our haveshown signicant progress. So theinternational communit have notbeen compling ith their on goal.

The main reaon or that? There arelot o reaon, but one likel one ithat cience ha not been inormingpolic the a it houl be.

Thi gap take man orm.Alcamo highlight a e: A lacko communication beteen thecommunitie. The inacceibilit oscientic results, especially in the

eveloping orl. An there are notenough orum here cientit cancome together ith policmaker.

so ho to cloe thi gap?working together ith colleagueat UNEP, an in conultationwith both the scientic andpolic-making communit,Alcamo has identied three broadarea here improvement coul

be eail achieve, an houl ielramatic reult.

firtl, e nee to horten theitance beteen cience anpolicy, he urges. The scienticcommunit houl have a quickerrepone time in aeing thenee o polic-maker. Oneexample oul be Climate sntheiReport. when the ata are there,it allo polic-maker to are

ke negotiating iue uch athe emiion gap: here e neeto be in 2020 to meet our target[a global increae o no more than2 egree Celiu] veru heree are accoring to the plegeo countrie.

seconl, global change reearchi being carrie out b bigorganization hich have ie

egree o overlap but oten nomeeting place beteen cience an

so hat i the olution? JoephAlcamo an UNEP have preentea ie range o iea in the run-upto Rio+20. Among them i the ieao etting voluntar national targetor embeing utainabilit tuiein the structures of the scienticcommunit an in eucation tem rom econar level right throughto univeritie. UNEP i alo keento upport the creation o regionalcentre o excellence in the ubject.

Impreive reulthave come romtraining reearchleaer, o that illpla a part.

Repone romthe scientican eucationalcommunitieha o arbeen enthuiatic.But Joeph Alcamoinit that thepolic-maker alohave to be ull

on boar.

without thepolitical commitmente ont eethe necearinvetment in

utainabilit-relate cienceuning, he a. It a gooinvetment or government in thelong term. sutainabilit meanoo ecurit, reliable energ, an

ae communitie.

so at Rio+20 in June, Alcamo anhi UNEP colleague ill be lookingor a major boot in the partnerhipbeteen cience an ociet orutainabilit. Briging the cience-polic gap i going to take morethan goo intention, he tate.we nee to ue cience better ancientit nee to kno more about

polic nee. Onl then can e cloethe gap or goo.

We need to strengthen

the scientifc community in

developing countries

and quickly.

When studies are conducted

on drought in Arica,

or example, the expertise

is oten provided

rom outside the continent.

Arica has 15 per cent o the

world population but just

1.5 per cent o its scientists.

Were losing the unique

Arican perspective

the indigenous knowledge

on solutions.




Meaure b the number o treatie an international agreement aopteover the lat our ecae, the orl repone to the environmentalchallenge it ace ha been impreive. Over 500 internationalenvironmental agreement have been conclue ince 1972, the ear othe stockholm Conerence an the etablihment o the Unite NationEnvironment Programme (UNEP). Thee inclue lanmark convention onclimate change, biological diversity and desertication adopted at the Riosummit in 1992, everal treatie governing chemical an hazarou ate,an a hot o important regional agreement.

neeyaTi paTelChie,outrech supprt nd Puictinscientic aement brnch,UNEP/Diviin Er Wrning nd aement

cHarleS davieSPrgrmme ocer,

Cpcit Devepment brnch,UNEP/Diviin Er Wrning

nd aement

Targeting

goals

Shutterstock



But epite the impreive numbero legal intrument an goointention, real progre in olving

the environmental challengethemelve ha been muchle comprehenive.

UNEP Global EnvironmentOutlook-5 (GEO-5) aement,publihe on June 6th, hameaure progre toar an gap in achievinginternationall agree environmentalgoal. The aement hichprovie the international communit

ith up-to-ate inormation onthe tate an tren o theglobal environment electe90 environmental goal anobjective o particular relevanceto polic maker a a tarting point.Goal are negotiate an agreeto b the international communitin orer to achieve an intenepurpoe evelopment that meetthe nee o the current generation

ithout compromiing thoe outure generation. some incluetarget an inicator to helpmeaure progre.

The ector b ector analihighlighte the olloing:

atsh.

Signicant progress has beenmae in eliminating ubtancethat eplete the ozone laer, a ella through the phaeout o lea ingaoline but there ha been littleor no progre on eriou iueuch a inoor air pollution anclimate change.

Bst.

There ha been ome progre interm o polic repone, uch

a b increaing the coverage o

protecte area, but little or noprogre on man iue uch athe rik o extinction o pecie,

an a continuing, eriou eclinein the conition o etlan ancoral ree.

wt.

Signicant progress has beenmae in increaing the numbero people ith acce to cleanrinking ater, accompanie bome in avance in acce tosanitation and water efciency

meaure. But little or no progreha been mae on ome iueuch a marine pollution, anthere i increaing concern thatthe total rehater uppl ibeing ue unutainabl inman region, epeciall throughgrounater epletion.

l.some progre ha been

mae to enure better acceto oo, although combatingdesertication and droughts haseen little or none.

chs.There ha been ome progrei ealing ith heav metal,peritent organic pollutant anraioactive ate.

GEO-5 conclue that lack oprogre i partl ue to the lackof specic, measurable targetsan ata. fe internationalenvironmental goal incorporateuch target. Thoe that oexit inclue: the Millenniumdevelopment Goal 7 target toreuce b hal the proportion opeople ithout utainable acce

to ae rinking ater an baic

anitation; the Aichi BioiveritTarget 11, to conerve b 2020at leat 17 per cent o terretrial

an inlan ater, an 10 per cento coatal an marine area; thecomplete phae-out o certainchemical, uch a ozone-epletingubtance (uner the MontrealProtocol), the ue o lea ingaoline, an peritent organicpollutant (POP) lite unerAnnex I o the stockholmConvention. It i orth notingthat the e iue that o havemeaurable target inclue all o

those on which signicant progressha been mae eliminatingubtance that eplete the ozonelaer; phaing out lea in gaoline;an, to ome extent, improvingacce to ae rinking ater.

The availability of specic,meaurable, agree targeti particularl poor in ucharea a chemical an ate

management, the extent ocritical habitat uch a etlanan coral ree an or rehater,marine an air pollution. GEO-5 alooun that there i a nee ormore reliable ata on iue ucha rehater pollution, grounaterepletion, lan egraation anchemical an ate. Moreover,even man countrie that o haveata ollo their on nationalguieline rather than tanarinternational one, making itdifcult to determine globaltren or compare the ituationin ierent countrie.

The Millennium developmentGoal (MdG) ho ho aoptingspecic, measurable targets canpur great eort to collect ancoorinate ata on the iue thecover. A the 2011 Millennium

development Goal report tate:


32/36

Te GEO ProcessTe GEO process is conducted ever fve ears it undreds

o scientifc and polic experts and institutions rom aroundte orld. It culminates in UNEPs agsip assessment report

te Global Environment Outlook. To date, our assessment

reports ave been produced in te GEO series, it te ft

in te series, GEO-5, publised on 6 June. Tese assessment

reports provide a compreensive analsis o te state, trends

and outlooks o te global environment as ell as polic

options or action.

In te lead up to te Rio+20 conerence on sustainabledevelopment, GEO-5 provides an update o te state and

trends o te global environment, including rom an Eart

Sstem perspective; considers te drivers o environmental

cange; analses promising polic options in te regions and

provides polic options tat could elp countries speed up

teir realisation.

For access to GEO products and more inormation on te GEO

Process visit www.unep.rg/ge

Additional resources:

Keeping Track o our Canging Environment report

.unep.org/geo/GEO5_Products.asp)

GEO-5 Summar or Polic Makers report

.unep.org/geo/GEO5_SPM.asp

Fortcoming Publised reports:

Measuring progress toards meeting goals and te ull GEO-5

Assessment report are available at .unep.org/geo

As a result of recent efforts,

more data are now available in

the international series for the

assessment of trends for all

MDGs. In 2010, 119 countries

had data for at least two points

in time for 16-22 indicators; in

contrast, only four countries

had this data coverage in 2003.

These advances are the result

of increased national capacity toventure into new data collection

initiatives, as well as to increase

the frequency of data collection.

In ummar, epite thelarge number o internationalenvironmental goal, theinternational communit ha maever uneven progre in improvingthe tate o the environment. In act,there ha been little or no progre or urther eterioration on abouthal o the environmental iuereviee in GEO-5.

Among other thing, GEO-5emontrate the value oestablishing specic, measurabletarget that cover a broa range oenvironmental challenge.I priorit i given to iue theinternational communit ha mae

leat progre in areing o ar,it inicate, thee oul inclue:climate change; inoor air pollution;extinction rik o pecie; extentan conition o natural habitat,epeciall coral ree anetlan; invaive alien pecie;lo o traitional knolege;access to food; deserticationan rought; rehater uppl;sh stocks; marine pollution; and

extreme event.



33/36

a Green WhitewhA report publised in te Canadian journal Environmental Researc Letters suggeststat simpl b painting more buildings, rootops and ard landscaping ite, e couldsave as muc CO2 as is produced b all te orlds cars in 50 ears.

Te result ould be gained because ite suraces reect eat back into space ratertan absorbing it. Tus urban areas ould be cooler, and tere ould be a net gainrom reduced air-conditioning use.

Oter researcers ave suggested altering crops to ave a ligter reective colour, tospeed up te process. But conicting reports indicate te result o cooler patces onte Eart ma be less cloud cover. Trials are no due to investigate.

Riding ve the wvewind turbines are a vital tool in te battle against global climate cange. But on alocal level, te are oten deepl unpopular. Because te ma need to be sited in

ig-ind areas, suc as coastlines and iglands, te can conict it areas onatural beaut.

No oating ind turbines are being tested o te coast o Nora. Unlike traditionalmarine ind turbines, ic need to be fxed to te sea bed, tus limiting teir useto sallo aters, te oating turbines can operate ar osore, ere ind speedsare considerabl iger.

An additional advantage is tat te can be unancored and toed to port orrepairs, reducing te need or costl and potentiall dangerous on-site maintenance.

an ec-riend rtA robot ic sael decomposes in te environment is being developed b engineersat Bristol Universit in te UK. Conventional robots are predominantl made o rigidresilient materials, man o ic are toxic, non-biodegradable and ave a negativeimpact on te natural ecolog.

An robot deploed in te environment must tereore be continuall tracked and, onceit as reaced te end o its useable lie, must be recovered, dismantled, and made sae.Te aim is to create autonomous sot robotic artifcial organisms can exibit animportant caracteristic o biological organisms: graceul decomposition ater deat.

Once a biodegradable robot as reaced te end o its mission, or example avingperormed some environmental cleanup activit olloing an oil spill, it ill decomposeinto armless material, sas project leader, Dr Jonatan Rossiter.

When wrine re gd thingResearcers rom Princeton Universit in te US ma be on te verge o a breaktroug inboosting poer output rom exible, lo-cost solar cells.

Current solar panels are tpicall made o silicon, ic is bot more brittle and moreexpensive tan plastic. So ar, plastic panels ave not been practical or idespread usebecause teir energ production as been too lo. But te team discovered tat microscopicolds in te surace o plastic potovoltaic material can boost output b 47 per cent.

Te tin rinkles cannel ligt aves and increase te exposure to ligt. Te discover

could open te door or a ole range o ne applications or ceap, toug and exiblesolar panels, potentiall including items suc as curtains or backpacks.

innvtin



34/36

The

demand or ood

is only going to continue to

increase around the world, so

we need to save land so that

our planet: 40 years of wed

Documents