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8/18/2019 Our Project - Copy

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CONTENTS

INTRODUCTION

TYPES OF HEAT EXCHANGER

TYPES OF COOLING TOWERS

BASIC COMPONENTS

BIBLIOGRAPHY


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cooling tower is:-

A heat rejection device, which extracts waste heat to

the atmosphere through the cooling of a water

stream to a lower temperature.

Heat rejection e!ice

"coo#in$ to%er &

Hot %ater Co# %ater

Moi't( %ar) air o*t

Dr+ air in


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Cross flow

Cross flow is a design

in which the air flow

is directed

perpendicular to thewater flow (see

diagram below). Air

flow enters one or

more vertical faces of

the cooling tower tomeet the fill material.

ater flows

(perpendicular to the

air) through the fill b!

gravit!.


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Counter flow

"n a counter flow designthe air flow is directl!

opposite of the water flow

(see diagram below). Air

flow first enters an open

area beneath the fill mediaand is then drawn up

verticall!. #he water is

spra!ed through

pressuri$ed no$$les and

flows downward throughthe fill, opposite to the air

flow.


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%-"nduced draft cooling tower .

&-'echanical cooling tower .

-natural draft cooling tower .

-*orced draft cooling tower .


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basic components:

&-*rame and casing:

Mo't to%er' ,a!e 'tr*ct*ra#

-ra)e' t,at '*..ort t,e e/terior

enc#o'*re' "ca'in$'&( )otor'(

-an'( an ot,er co).onent'0

Wit, 'o)e ')a##er e'i$n'('*c, a' 'o)e $#a'' -i1er *nit'(

t,e ca'in$ )a+ e''entia##+ 1e

t,e -ra)e0


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*ill:

Mo't to%er' e).#o+ -i##' ")ae o-

.#a'tic or %oo& to -aci#itate ,eat

tran'-er 1+ )a/i)i2in$ %ater an

air contact0 Fi## can eit,er 1e'.#a', or -i#) t+.e0

Wit, '.#a', -i##( %ater -a##' o!er

'*cce''i!e #a+er' o- ,ori2onta#

'.#a', 1ar'( contin*o*'#+ 1rea3in$

into ')a##er ro.#et'( %,i#e a#'o

%ettin$ t,e -i## '*r-ace0 P#a'tic'.#a', -i## .ro)ote' 1etter ,eat

tran'-er t,an t,e %oo '.#a', -i##0

Fi#) -i## con'i't' o- t,in( c#o'e#+

'.ace .#a'tic '*r-ace' o!er %,ic,

t,e %ater '.rea'( -or)in$ a t,in

-i#) in contact %it, t,e air0 T,e'e'*r-ace' )a+ 1e -#at( corr*$ate(

,one+co)1e( or ot,er .attern'0

T,e -i#) t+.e o- -i## i' t,e )ore

e--icient an .ro!ie' 'a)e ,eat

tran'-er in a ')a##er !o#*)e t,an

t,e '.#a', -i##0


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+o$$les:

T,e'e .ro!ie t,e %ater '.ra+' to%et t,e -i##0 Uni-or) %ater i'tri1*tion

at t,e to. o- t,e -i## i' e''entia# to

ac,ie!e .ro.er %ettin$ o- t,e entire

-i## '*r-ace0 No22#e' can eit,er 1e

-i/e in .#ace an ,a!e eit,er ro*n

or '4*are '.ra+ .attern' or can 1e.art o- a rotatin$ a''e)1#+ a' -o*n

in 'o)e circ*#ar cro''5'ection

to%er'0


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*A+:

T,e -an i' irect#+ ri!en( a/ia# -#o%t+.e -an' are '.ecia##+ e'i$ne to

en'*re AEROFOIL Section

t,ro*$,o*t t,e 1#ae #en$t,( t,i'

en'*re ener$+ 'a!in$ an $enerate'

)a/i)*) air -#o% at )ini)*) .itc,

an$#e o- 1#ae' in t,e coo#in$to%er'0 Fan' are e#ectronica##+

1a#ance )ae o- #i$,t %ei$,t

A#*)in*) ca'tin$0 Fan' are

*ra1#e( corro'ion re'i'tant an #o%

noi'e e#i!erin$ ,i$, -#o%0


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'otor and gear reducer s!stem

*A+ '#:

T,e )otor i' tota##+

%eat,er.roo- in IP677con'tr*ction( '*ita1#e -or

,eate an ,*)i

at)o'.,ere0 S.ecia# #o%

RPM tota##+ enc#o'e )otor

o- !ertica#( -#an$e t+.e %it,

en#ar$e t,reae ',a-t an'ea#e to. i' '*..#ie %it,

t,e coo#in$ to%er 0


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rift eliminators:

T,e'e ca.t*re %ater ro.#et'

entra..e in t,e air 'trea) t,at

ot,er%i'e %o*# 1e #o't to t,e

at)o'.,ere0

/ouvers:

Genera##+( cro''5-#o% to%er'

,a!e in#et #o*!er'0 T,e

.*r.o'e o- #o*!er' i' to

e4*a#i2e air -#o% into t,e -i##an retain t,e %ater %it,in t,e

to%er0 Man+ co*nter -#o% to%er

e'i$n' o not re4*ire #o*!er'0


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0umps of cooling tower :

Coo#in$ To%er S.ra+ P*).'Loo. P*).'


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+atural draft, which utili$es

buo!anc! via a tall chimne!.

arm, moist air naturall! rises

due to the densit! differential to

the dr!, cooler outside air. arm

moist air is less dense than drier

air at the same temperature and

pressure. #his moist air

buo!anc! produces a current of

air through the tower .

#his photo shows a single

natural draft cooling tower as

used at a 1uropean plant.

+atural draft towers are t!picall!about 22 ft (&2 m) high,

depending on the differential

pressure between the cold

outside air and the hot humid air

on the inside of the tower as the

driving force. +o fans are used.


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Cooling towers with malfunctions can free$e during ver!

cold weather. #!picall!, free$ing starts at the corners of a

cooling tower with a reduced or absent heat load.

"ncreased free$ing conditions can create growing

volumes of ice, resulting in increased structural loads.

uring the winter, some sites continuousl! operate

cooling towers with 2 3* water leaving the tower. 4asin

heaters, tower drain down, and other free$e protection

methods are often emplo!ed in cold climates.


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A mechanical draft tower with a fan at the discharge

which pulls air through tower. #he fan induces hot moist

air out the discharge. #his produces low entering and

high exiting air velocities, reducing the possibilit! of

recirculation in which discharged air flows bac5 into theair inta5e. #his fan6fill arrangement is also 5nown as

draw-through.


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A mechanical draft tower with a blowert!pe fan at the inta5e. #he fan forces air

into the tower, creating high entering

and low exiting air velocities. #he low

exiting velocit! is much more

susceptible to recirculation. ith the

fan on the air inta5e, the fan is more

susceptible to complications due to

free$ing conditions. Another

disadvantage is that a forced draft

design t!picall! re7uires more motor

horsepower than an e7uivalent induced

draft design. #he forced draft benefit is

its abilit! to wor5 with high static

pressure. #he! can be installed in more

confined spaces and even in some

indoor situations. #his fan6fill geometr!

is also 5nown as blow-through.


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S É RIE 1800

(82 a &.922m%6h)

S É RIE 6000

(22 a &222m%6h)


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BIBLIOGRAPHY

in-o8coo#in$to%er'+'te)'0co)

%%%0to%ertec,inc0co)

Re-ri$eration an air conitionin$5'0c,an

Wi3i.eia0or$


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THANKTHANK

YOU YOU

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