outcomes of dialysis in elderly - nephrology 2011/… · 2 rebollo et al. ndt 2001 3 unruh et al...

30
Outcomes of dialysis in the elderly DNT March 2011 Dr Céline Foote

Upload: others

Post on 30-May-2020

1 views

Category:

Documents


0 download

TRANSCRIPT

Page 1: Outcomes of dialysis in elderly - Nephrology 2011/… · 2 Rebollo et al. NDT 2001 3 Unruh et al JAGS 2008. Rebollo et al. NDT 2001. Quality of life with supportive care Yong et al

Outcomes of dialysis in the elderly

DNT March 2011Dr Céline Foote

Page 2: Outcomes of dialysis in elderly - Nephrology 2011/… · 2 Rebollo et al. NDT 2001 3 Unruh et al JAGS 2008. Rebollo et al. NDT 2001. Quality of life with supportive care Yong et al

Increasing number of elderly  patients on renal replacement therapy

ANZDATA report 2009

0

100

200

300

400

500

03 04 05 06 07 080

100

200

300

400

500

TOTAL 0 - 19 yrs 20-44 yrs 45-64 yrs 65-74 yrs 75-84 yrs >= 85 yrs

Acceptance of New Patients 2003 - 2008 Age Specific Rates - Australia

Patie

nts p

er m

illion

Page 3: Outcomes of dialysis in elderly - Nephrology 2011/… · 2 Rebollo et al. NDT 2001 3 Unruh et al JAGS 2008. Rebollo et al. NDT 2001. Quality of life with supportive care Yong et al

Dialysis ?

Page 4: Outcomes of dialysis in elderly - Nephrology 2011/… · 2 Rebollo et al. NDT 2001 3 Unruh et al JAGS 2008. Rebollo et al. NDT 2001. Quality of life with supportive care Yong et al
Page 5: Outcomes of dialysis in elderly - Nephrology 2011/… · 2 Rebollo et al. NDT 2001 3 Unruh et al JAGS 2008. Rebollo et al. NDT 2001. Quality of life with supportive care Yong et al

“It is reasonable to consider forgoing dialysis for AKI, CKD or ESRD patients who have a very poor prognosis or for whom dialysis cannot be provided safely.”◦ Stage 5 CKD  over the age of 75 who meet 2 or more of the following: Clinician’s response  of “No, I would not be surprised if this patient died in the next year“ 

High comorbidity score Significantly impaired functional status such as Karnofsky Performance Scale < 40

Severe chronic malnutrition (alb<25g/L) 

Page 6: Outcomes of dialysis in elderly - Nephrology 2011/… · 2 Rebollo et al. NDT 2001 3 Unruh et al JAGS 2008. Rebollo et al. NDT 2001. Quality of life with supportive care Yong et al

Factors that elderly patients consider in treatment decisions

Survival/LongevityQuality of life Burden of treatment 

Ashby et al. Pall Med 2005Visser et al. J Nephrology 2009

Page 7: Outcomes of dialysis in elderly - Nephrology 2011/… · 2 Rebollo et al. NDT 2001 3 Unruh et al JAGS 2008. Rebollo et al. NDT 2001. Quality of life with supportive care Yong et al

Factors considered by nephrologists Age, comorbid conditions (esp cognitive impairment), quality of life

Variability in recommendations for supportive care◦ Nephrologists recommend supportive care in 20% to 60% of elderly pts1‐2

◦ Survey of Australian dialysis units showed 14% planned for supportive care3

◦ Inconsistencies between primary care, other physicians and nephrologists4

1 Carson et al. CJASN 20092 Murtagh et al. NDT 20073 Morton et al. NDT 20104 Visser et al. NDT 2007

Page 8: Outcomes of dialysis in elderly - Nephrology 2011/… · 2 Rebollo et al. NDT 2001 3 Unruh et al JAGS 2008. Rebollo et al. NDT 2001. Quality of life with supportive care Yong et al

8

All patients321

Palliative treatment recommended

63

RRT recommended258

Pre ESKD25

Died or palliative treatment

28

Smith et al. Nephron Clin Pract 2003

Opted for RRT10

Declined RRT and died

6

Received RRT186

Pre ESKD166

RRT outcome group196

Palliative outcome group

34 Median survival 6.3 mths

Median survival 8.3 mths

Page 9: Outcomes of dialysis in elderly - Nephrology 2011/… · 2 Rebollo et al. NDT 2001 3 Unruh et al JAGS 2008. Rebollo et al. NDT 2001. Quality of life with supportive care Yong et al

Characteristics of elderly ESKD patients

586 pts aged ≥75 yrs commenced dialysis in 2009 in ANZ

Unknown number of patients on supportive care pathway◦ Older age1‐2

◦ Increased functional impairment3

◦ Socially isolated3

1. Murtagh et al. NDT 20072. Carson et al. CJASN 20093. Joly et al. JASN 2003

Page 10: Outcomes of dialysis in elderly - Nephrology 2011/… · 2 Rebollo et al. NDT 2001 3 Unruh et al JAGS 2008. Rebollo et al. NDT 2001. Quality of life with supportive care Yong et al

Patient Characteristics Number (percentage)Total number 1781Age (median) 79 (IQR 77‐81)Gender (male) 1103 (61.9)Ethnicity (Caucasian) 1622 (91.1)Comorbid conditionsNo comorbid conditionsAny cardiovascular diseaseCoronary heart diseasePeripheral vascular diseaseCerebrovascular diseaseChronic lung diseaseDiabetesSmoking historyCancer

151 (8.5)1230 (69.1)1063 (59.7)579 (32.5)422 (23.7)366 (20.6)552 (31.0)947 (53.2)392 (22.0)

Page 11: Outcomes of dialysis in elderly - Nephrology 2011/… · 2 Rebollo et al. NDT 2001 3 Unruh et al JAGS 2008. Rebollo et al. NDT 2001. Quality of life with supportive care Yong et al

75 years 80 years

Survival of ANZ elderly dialysis patients

0.2

5.5

.75

1S

urvi

val

0 1 2 3 4 5 6Follow up (years)

Elderly cohort

Page 12: Outcomes of dialysis in elderly - Nephrology 2011/… · 2 Rebollo et al. NDT 2001 3 Unruh et al JAGS 2008. Rebollo et al. NDT 2001. Quality of life with supportive care Yong et al

Predictors of survival Factors identified with poorer survival on dialysis include: ◦ Older age◦ Comorbid conditions◦ Malnutrition◦ Functional status◦ Late referral to a nephrologist◦ Unplanned start

Several studies have identified comorbidityscore as a strong predictor of mortality

Page 13: Outcomes of dialysis in elderly - Nephrology 2011/… · 2 Rebollo et al. NDT 2001 3 Unruh et al JAGS 2008. Rebollo et al. NDT 2001. Quality of life with supportive care Yong et al

Lamping et al demonstrated  decreased survival with increasing number of comorbidconditions in pts aged ≥70

The Lancet 2000

Page 14: Outcomes of dialysis in elderly - Nephrology 2011/… · 2 Rebollo et al. NDT 2001 3 Unruh et al JAGS 2008. Rebollo et al. NDT 2001. Quality of life with supportive care Yong et al

Comorbid score* is associated with survival in elderly ANZ dialysis patients

0.00

0.25

0.50

0.75

1.00

Sur

viva

l

0 1 2 3 4Followup (years)

0123 or more

Comorbidscore

HR 95%CI P value

1 1.43 1.19‐1.70 <0.001

2 1.61 1.34‐1.92 <0.001

≥3 2.00 1.68‐2.40 <0.001

* Includes coronary heart disease, peripheral vascular disease, cerebrovascular disease, chronic lung disease and diabetes

Page 15: Outcomes of dialysis in elderly - Nephrology 2011/… · 2 Rebollo et al. NDT 2001 3 Unruh et al JAGS 2008. Rebollo et al. NDT 2001. Quality of life with supportive care Yong et al

There may be no survival advantage with increasing comorbidity

Murtagh et al. NDT 2007

Page 16: Outcomes of dialysis in elderly - Nephrology 2011/… · 2 Rebollo et al. NDT 2001 3 Unruh et al JAGS 2008. Rebollo et al. NDT 2001. Quality of life with supportive care Yong et al

Chandna et al. NDT 2010

Page 17: Outcomes of dialysis in elderly - Nephrology 2011/… · 2 Rebollo et al. NDT 2001 3 Unruh et al JAGS 2008. Rebollo et al. NDT 2001. Quality of life with supportive care Yong et al

Baseline characteristics predict survival on dialysis

Couchoud et al. NDT 2009

Variable N points

BMI <18.5 2

DM 1

CHF stage III to IV 2

PVD stage III to IV 2

Dysrhythmia 1

Active malignancy 1

Severe behavioural disorder

2

Dependency for transfers  3

Unplanned dialysis 2

Risk Category

Risk Score

6 mthsurvival

Low 0 92%

Median 2 83%

High ≥9 30%

Page 18: Outcomes of dialysis in elderly - Nephrology 2011/… · 2 Rebollo et al. NDT 2001 3 Unruh et al JAGS 2008. Rebollo et al. NDT 2001. Quality of life with supportive care Yong et al

Patient and practice variables discriminate survival in elderly ANZ dialysis patients 

Independent factors in model: age, low BMI, comorbid score, late referral, unprepared access, peritoneal dialysis at 3 months

Page 19: Outcomes of dialysis in elderly - Nephrology 2011/… · 2 Rebollo et al. NDT 2001 3 Unruh et al JAGS 2008. Rebollo et al. NDT 2001. Quality of life with supportive care Yong et al

Survival with supportive care 

0 5 10 15 20 25

Chandna* (155)

Ellam* (69)

Wong* (73)

Smith* (63)

Carson (29)

Murtagh (77)

Joly (37)

median survival (months)

Study (n pts)

* Patients of all ages included 

Joly et al. JASN 2003, Murtagh et al. NDT 2007, Carson et al. CJASN 2009, Smith et al. Nephron Clin Pract 2003, Wong et al. Ren Fail 2007, Ellam et al. Q JMed 2009, Chandna et al. NDT 2010

Page 20: Outcomes of dialysis in elderly - Nephrology 2011/… · 2 Rebollo et al. NDT 2001 3 Unruh et al JAGS 2008. Rebollo et al. NDT 2001. Quality of life with supportive care Yong et al

Survival with supportive care also associated with  co‐morbidity 

Wong et al. Renal Failure 2007 

Page 21: Outcomes of dialysis in elderly - Nephrology 2011/… · 2 Rebollo et al. NDT 2001 3 Unruh et al JAGS 2008. Rebollo et al. NDT 2001. Quality of life with supportive care Yong et al

Quality of life of elderly dialysis population

QoL of all dialysis patients is decreased compared to general population◦ No difference in mental component of elderly patients1

QoL of elderly dialysis is relatively better than younger pts in cross sectional study2

QoL is better preserved over time on dialysis compared to younger patients3

1 Lamping et al. Lancet 20002 Rebollo et al. NDT 20013 Unruh et al JAGS 2008

Page 22: Outcomes of dialysis in elderly - Nephrology 2011/… · 2 Rebollo et al. NDT 2001 3 Unruh et al JAGS 2008. Rebollo et al. NDT 2001. Quality of life with supportive care Yong et al

Rebollo et al. NDT 2001

Page 23: Outcomes of dialysis in elderly - Nephrology 2011/… · 2 Rebollo et al. NDT 2001 3 Unruh et al JAGS 2008. Rebollo et al. NDT 2001. Quality of life with supportive care Yong et al

Quality of life with supportive care

Yong et al. Pall Med 2009

SF 36 scores compared to age/sex matched general  populationSF36 domain Dialysis group 

(n=134)Palliative care group(n=45)

PF ↓ ↓

RP ↓ ↓

BP ↓ ↔

GH ↓ ↔

VT ↓ ↔

SF ↓ ↓

RE ↓ ↓

MH ↓ ↔

Page 24: Outcomes of dialysis in elderly - Nephrology 2011/… · 2 Rebollo et al. NDT 2001 3 Unruh et al JAGS 2008. Rebollo et al. NDT 2001. Quality of life with supportive care Yong et al

Dialysis is associated with increased hospitalisation 

Rates of hospitalisation in elderly RRT patients 20‐35 days per year1‐2

Rates of hospitalisation in elderly supportive care patients 10‐16 days per year1,3

1 Carson et al. CJASN 20092 Rohrich et al. NDT 19983 Wong et al. Renal Failure 2007

Page 25: Outcomes of dialysis in elderly - Nephrology 2011/… · 2 Rebollo et al. NDT 2001 3 Unruh et al JAGS 2008. Rebollo et al. NDT 2001. Quality of life with supportive care Yong et al

Carson et al. CJASN 2009

4.3% days survived

47.5% days survived

Page 26: Outcomes of dialysis in elderly - Nephrology 2011/… · 2 Rebollo et al. NDT 2001 3 Unruh et al JAGS 2008. Rebollo et al. NDT 2001. Quality of life with supportive care Yong et al

Dialysis is associated with functional decline in elderly patients 

• Majority of elderly nursing home residents have died or lost function 12 months after dialysis initiation2

• More than 30% of patients aged ≥ 80 had functional loss 6 months after dialysis initiation1

1. Jassal et al. NEJM 2009, 2. Tamura et al. NEJM 2009 

Page 27: Outcomes of dialysis in elderly - Nephrology 2011/… · 2 Rebollo et al. NDT 2001 3 Unruh et al JAGS 2008. Rebollo et al. NDT 2001. Quality of life with supportive care Yong et al

Carers of elderly dialysis patients have impaired quality of life

Median 56 to 70 hours of care per week1

All SF36 components affected◦ 32% of carers had signs of depression1

Increasing carer burden1 with:  Peritoneal dialysis Poor functional status  Decreased QOL of elderly pts

No information on carers of supportive care patients

1. Belasco et al. AJKD 2006

Page 28: Outcomes of dialysis in elderly - Nephrology 2011/… · 2 Rebollo et al. NDT 2001 3 Unruh et al JAGS 2008. Rebollo et al. NDT 2001. Quality of life with supportive care Yong et al

Shared decision making Informed decision ◦ Survival◦ Quality of life /Treatment burden

Page 29: Outcomes of dialysis in elderly - Nephrology 2011/… · 2 Rebollo et al. NDT 2001 3 Unruh et al JAGS 2008. Rebollo et al. NDT 2001. Quality of life with supportive care Yong et al

Dialysis ?

Page 30: Outcomes of dialysis in elderly - Nephrology 2011/… · 2 Rebollo et al. NDT 2001 3 Unruh et al JAGS 2008. Rebollo et al. NDT 2001. Quality of life with supportive care Yong et al