Outdoor DecksOutdoor Decks

Tim AubinTim Aubin

Algonquin CollegeAlgonquin College

Deck ComponentsDeck Components

Preparing the SitePreparing the Site Before beginning deck construction all sod Before beginning deck construction all sod

and weeds should be removed from the and weeds should be removed from the deck area.deck area.

The ground should be graded at this point The ground should be graded at this point to ease deck construction.to ease deck construction.

Pier locations are marked and dug.Pier locations are marked and dug. Piers and footings are placed or poured.Piers and footings are placed or poured. Landscape fabric or black plastic is then Landscape fabric or black plastic is then

placed over the excavation area to placed over the excavation area to prevent plant material from growing up prevent plant material from growing up under the deck.under the deck.

Footing and Post LayoutFooting and Post Layout

Floating DecksFloating Decks Decks can be solidly secured to the ground Decks can be solidly secured to the ground

with footings and piers or if they are low to with footings and piers or if they are low to the ground they can be placed on blocks the ground they can be placed on blocks that are set directly on the ground.that are set directly on the ground.

This type of construction is referred to as a This type of construction is referred to as a floating deck.floating deck.

Supports for this system should be place Supports for this system should be place on a layer of gravel for drainage.on a layer of gravel for drainage.

Deck (Dek) Blocks can be used as supports Deck (Dek) Blocks can be used as supports for this type of construction. for this type of construction.

Deck (DEK) BlockDeck (DEK) Block

Deck BlockDeck Block

Dek BlockDek Block Dek-Block® piers are solid pre-formed Dek-Block® piers are solid pre-formed

concrete foundation blocks designed concrete foundation blocks designed specifically for the Floating Foundation specifically for the Floating Foundation Deck System. Deck System.

1-3/4" wide x 1-3/4" deep slot accepts 2" 1-3/4" wide x 1-3/4" deep slot accepts 2" thick (1-1/2" net) lumber horizontally thick (1-1/2" net) lumber horizontally

3-3/4" square x 1-3/4" deep socket accepts 3-3/4" square x 1-3/4" deep socket accepts 4x4 (3-1/2" x 3-1/2" net) posts vertically 4x4 (3-1/2" x 3-1/2" net) posts vertically

Block accepts all lumber species and Block accepts all lumber species and surfaced sizes currently manufactured in surfaced sizes currently manufactured in the U.S. the U.S.

Dek BlockDek Block Blocks allow for lumber attachments in Blocks allow for lumber attachments in

parallel and/or perpendicular parallel and/or perpendicular configurations configurations

6" distance from bottom of block to 6" distance from bottom of block to bottom of lumber slotbottom of lumber slot

Block porosity wicks moisture from Block porosity wicks moisture from slot/lumber to ground slot/lumber to ground

Each block is manufactured from 5,000 psi Each block is manufactured from 5,000 psi concrete to ensure the greatest strength concrete to ensure the greatest strength and durability. and durability.

Weight: 38-45 lbs per block Weight: 38-45 lbs per block

Preparing to place the blockPreparing to place the block

Beam, 4 X 4 Post and Deck BlocksBeam, 4 X 4 Post and Deck Blocks

Joist on Beams on Posts on Deck Joist on Beams on Posts on Deck BlocksBlocks

Beams Directly into Dek BlocksBeams Directly into Dek Blocks

Dek Block SpacingDek Block Spacing 1. Along the support boards: 1. Along the support boards:

The maximum distance between any two piers along the 2 The maximum distance between any two piers along the 2 X 6 support board should not exceed 5 ft. X 6 support board should not exceed 5 ft.

2. Between the support boards2. Between the support boards (2x6 Surface) (2x6 Surface): : The maximum distance between the support boards should The maximum distance between the support boards should not exceed 30 inches when using 2x6 surface boards. not exceed 30 inches when using 2x6 surface boards.

3. Between the support boards 3. Between the support boards (5/4 or composite (5/4 or composite Surface)Surface): : The maximum distance between the support boards should The maximum distance between the support boards should not exceed 16 inches when using 5/4x6 pressure treated not exceed 16 inches when using 5/4x6 pressure treated lumber or composite surface boards. lumber or composite surface boards.

Dek Block SpacingDek Block Spacing

Spacing Dek-Block® piers for 8', Spacing Dek-Block® piers for 8', 10' and 12' 2 X 6 Support Boards. 10' and 12' 2 X 6 Support Boards. Space three Dek-Block® piers along Space three Dek-Block® piers along each support board as shown in the each support board as shown in the next slide. Place one Dek-Block® next slide. Place one Dek-Block® pier 12" in from each side and one pier 12" in from each side and one Dek-Block® brand pier in the center Dek-Block® brand pier in the center of the support board.of the support board.

   

Dek Block Spacing for 2 X 6 Dek Block Spacing for 2 X 6 Supports, 8, 10 and 12 Feet LongSupports, 8, 10 and 12 Feet Long

Dek Block SpacingDek Block Spacing

Spacing Dek-Block® piers for Spacing Dek-Block® piers for 14', and 16' Support Boards 14', and 16' Support Boards

Space four Dek-Block® piers evenly Space four Dek-Block® piers evenly under each board. Place one Dek-under each board. Place one Dek-Block® pier 12" in from each side Block® pier 12" in from each side and two Dek-Block® pier evenly and two Dek-Block® pier evenly spaced between the support board.spaced between the support board.

Dek Block Spacing for 2 X 6, 14 Dek Block Spacing for 2 X 6, 14 and 16 Feet Longand 16 Feet Long

Joints in Supports using Dek Joints in Supports using Dek BlocksBlocks

When Two or More Support When Two or More Support Boards are Joined End-to-End Boards are Joined End-to-End Place one Dek-Block® pier 12" in Place one Dek-Block® pier 12" in from each side. Place one Dek-from each side. Place one Dek-Block® pier centered under the joint Block® pier centered under the joint of the connecting boards. Place one of the connecting boards. Place one or two Dek-Block® piers evenly or two Dek-Block® piers evenly spaced between each of the support spaced between each of the support boards depending on the length of boards depending on the length of the support boardsthe support boards

Plank and BeamPlank and Beam

It is possible to deck right over It is possible to deck right over supports without using joists. This is supports without using joists. This is referred to as Plank and Beam referred to as Plank and Beam Construction and is rarely used.Construction and is rarely used.

Plank and Beam Dek Block Plank and Beam Dek Block SpacingSpacing

Row Spacing for 2"x6" Surface Row Spacing for 2"x6" Surface Boards. Boards. The maximum spacing The maximum spacing from row-to-row with 2x6 surface from row-to-row with 2x6 surface boards is 30 inches (when the boards is 30 inches (when the decking boards are 90 degrees to the decking boards are 90 degrees to the surface boards).surface boards).

Plank and Beam Dek Block Plank and Beam Dek Block Spacing, 2 X6 DeckingSpacing, 2 X6 Decking

Plank and Beam Dek Block Plank and Beam Dek Block SpacingSpacing

Row Spacing for 5/4"x6" and Row Spacing for 5/4"x6" and Composite Surface BoardsComposite Surface Boards

The maximum spacing from row-to-The maximum spacing from row-to-row with 5/4x6 or composite surface row with 5/4x6 or composite surface boards is 16 inches. The decrease in boards is 16 inches. The decrease in spanning distances is in account for spanning distances is in account for the decrease in strength of the the decrease in strength of the surface materialssurface materials

Plank and Beam Dek Block Plank and Beam Dek Block Spacing 5/4 X 6 and Composite Spacing 5/4 X 6 and Composite

DeckingDecking

Plank and Beam Construction with Plank and Beam Construction with Dek BlocksDek Blocks

Techno PostsTechno Posts

http://www.technometalpostontario.ca

TechnoPostsTechnoPosts

This unique technology is based on This unique technology is based on the concept of using an oversized the concept of using an oversized screw drilled into the ground by screw drilled into the ground by custom hydraulic equipment.custom hydraulic equipment.

These metal posts give the advantage of a foundation without costly excavation. In addition, there is no heaving of the posts due to frost.

Techno Post CertificationTechno Post Certification IRC's Canadian Construction Materials IRC's Canadian Construction Materials

Centre (CCMC) has just evaluated a Centre (CCMC) has just evaluated a product that gives builders in Canada product that gives builders in Canada another option for a foundation system to another option for a foundation system to support various building constructions support various building constructions such as decks, sun rooms, carports, such as decks, sun rooms, carports, cottages and storage sheds. The product, cottages and storage sheds. The product, Techno PieuxTM/Techno Metal Post, was Techno PieuxTM/Techno Metal Post, was evaluated against technical requirements evaluated against technical requirements developed by CCMC for this type of developed by CCMC for this type of product and was found to meet these product and was found to meet these requirements requirements

Techno Post ConstructionTechno Post Construction constructed of helical-shaped, circular constructed of helical-shaped, circular

steel blades welded to a steel shaft steel blades welded to a steel shaft The blades, which can be single, double or The blades, which can be single, double or

triple and which are located at appropriate triple and which are located at appropriate spacing on the shaft, have a controlled spacing on the shaft, have a controlled pitch pitch

are available in diameters of 150 mm to are available in diameters of 150 mm to 600 mm. 600 mm.

The diameter of the helix, or blade, is The diameter of the helix, or blade, is chosen on the basis of the bearing chosen on the basis of the bearing pressure of the soil and the load the pile is pressure of the soil and the load the pile is required to support. required to support.

Techno Post ConstructionTechno Post Construction

The shaft is available in various diameters The shaft is available in various diameters and wall thickness and is covered with a and wall thickness and is covered with a ribbed polyethylene pipe, which acts as a ribbed polyethylene pipe, which acts as a frost sleeve to isolate the pile and keep it frost sleeve to isolate the pile and keep it from being subject to annual frost heave in from being subject to annual frost heave in the surrounding soil. the surrounding soil.

comes with various other accessories, comes with various other accessories, such as support plates, to facilitate such as support plates, to facilitate adaptation to the building structure, adaptation to the building structure, extension shafts and connectors. extension shafts and connectors.

How Techno Posts WorkHow Techno Posts Work Blades are screwed into the ground using Blades are screwed into the ground using

mechanized equipment with sufficient applied mechanized equipment with sufficient applied downward pressure (crowd) so that the anchor downward pressure (crowd) so that the anchor advances one pitch per revolution until the advances one pitch per revolution until the appropriate bearing stratum is reached or the appropriate bearing stratum is reached or the applied torque value attains a specified value. applied torque value attains a specified value.

Extensions can be added to the shaft as needed Extensions can be added to the shaft as needed Applied loads may be tensile (uplift), compressive Applied loads may be tensile (uplift), compressive

(bearing), or some combination of the two. (bearing), or some combination of the two. Helical anchors can be rapidly installed in various Helical anchors can be rapidly installed in various

soil formations, using a variety of readily soil formations, using a variety of readily available equipment, and can be loaded available equipment, and can be loaded immediately after installation. immediately after installation.

Advantages of Techno PostsAdvantages of Techno Posts

No digging necessaryNo digging necessary Guaranteed against frost heaving No delay, construction begins as soon as No delay, construction begins as soon as

posts are installed posts are installed Hot dipped galvanized Hot dipped galvanized Installation equipment is less than 29" Installation equipment is less than 29"

wide, so it fits through a doorway wide, so it fits through a doorway On-site load testing before applying static On-site load testing before applying static

load load

Techno Post InstallationTechno Post Installation

Techno Post InstallationTechno Post Installation

Techno PostTechno Post

Techno PostsTechno Posts

Sun Room With Techno PostSun Room With Techno Post

Sonotube FoundationsSonotube Foundations

fibre forms fibre forms spirally wound and laminated spirally wound and laminated inside coatings vary according to inside coatings vary according to

various uses various uses one-piece units one-piece units

Advantages to SonotubesAdvantages to Sonotubes

Lightweight, easy to handle, fast-forming Lightweight, easy to handle, fast-forming method. method.

Easily sawed to proper length on job site - Easily sawed to proper length on job site - can be cut to tie in with walls or beams, can be cut to tie in with walls or beams, drilled for tie-in rods or anchor bolts, or drilled for tie-in rods or anchor bolts, or scored for utility outlets. scored for utility outlets.

Any number of columns can be set, poured Any number of columns can be set, poured at one time. Variety of types to meet at one time. Variety of types to meet different forming needs. different forming needs.

Advantages of SonotubesAdvantages of Sonotubes

Placing, bracing, pouring, stripping, Placing, bracing, pouring, stripping, and finishing require less time, less and finishing require less time, less labour. Skilled labour not required as labour. Skilled labour not required as with "permanent" forms with "permanent" forms

One-piece, one-time use form. One-piece, one-time use form. No cleaning. No reviling. No No cleaning. No reviling. No

reassembling. No return shipping. reassembling. No return shipping. Water (rain) resistantWater (rain) resistant

Sonotube SizesSonotube Sizes Column Diameter                    Cubic Yd. Concrete             Pour Rate              Weight Column Diameter                    Cubic Yd. Concrete             Pour Rate              Weight               (inches)                           per foot of height            feet per hour          per foot(inches)                           per foot of height            feet per hour          per foot                         6                                          .0073                           Convenient              0.8 lb/ft 6                                          .0073                           Convenient              0.8 lb/ft                         8                                          .0129                           Convenient              1.1 lb/ft 8                                          .0129                           Convenient              1.1 lb/ft                         10                                        .0202                           Convenient              1.5 lb/ft 10                                        .0202                           Convenient              1.5 lb/ft                         12                                        .0291                           Convenient              1.9 lb/ft 12                                        .0291                           Convenient              1.9 lb/ft                         14                                        .0396                              20 ft/hr                 2.5 lb/ft 14                                        .0396                              20 ft/hr                 2.5 lb/ft                         16                                        .0617                              20 ft/hr                 2.8 lb/ft 16                                        .0617                              20 ft/hr                 2.8 lb/ft                         18                                        .0654                              20 ft/hr                 3.6 lb/ft 18                                        .0654                              20 ft/hr                 3.6 lb/ft                         20                                        .0808                              20 ft/hr                 4.0 lb/ft 20                                        .0808                              20 ft/hr                 4.0 lb/ft                         24                                        .1164                              20 ft/hr                 5.4 lb/ft 24                                        .1164                              20 ft/hr                 5.4 lb/ft                         30                                        .1818                              12 ft/hr                 8.8 lb/ft 30                                        .1818                              12 ft/hr                 8.8 lb/ft                         36                                        .2618                              12 ft/hr                10.5 lb/ft 36                                        .2618                              12 ft/hr                10.5 lb/ft

SonotubesSonotubes

Sonotube installationSonotube installation

Pouring Concrete into SonotubesPouring Concrete into Sonotubes

Sonotube FootingSonotube Footing

Advantage of Sonotube FootingsAdvantage of Sonotube Footings

Pier and footing poured Pier and footing poured monolithicallymonolithically

Don’t need to worry about securing Don’t need to worry about securing footing to formfooting to form

Saves costs: less time, labour and Saves costs: less time, labour and materialmaterial

Pier to Post ConnectionPier to Post Connection

Posts should be anchored to the piers Posts should be anchored to the piers with a HDG post anchor. The post with a HDG post anchor. The post anchor is embedded in the concrete.anchor is embedded in the concrete.

Direct burial of posts should be Direct burial of posts should be avoided to limit rot and prevent avoided to limit rot and prevent twisting.twisting.

Post Base AnchorPost Base Anchor

Post Base AnchorPost Base Anchor

Post Base AnchorPost Base Anchor

Post Base AnchorPost Base Anchor

Post Base AnchorPost Base Anchor

Post Base AnchorPost Base Anchor

StandoffStandoff

Wood is susceptible to rot. The Wood is susceptible to rot. The chemicals and moisture in concrete chemicals and moisture in concrete cause rot.cause rot.

Post anchors are constructed to Post anchors are constructed to prevent the post from contacting the prevent the post from contacting the concrete.concrete.

The distance from the concrete to The distance from the concrete to the post is referred to as the standoff the post is referred to as the standoff height.height.

Components: Recommended Components: Recommended TypesTypes

Decking boardsDecking boards Pressure Treated Wood Pressure Treated Wood - Cedar, Redwood, Composite or Tropical - Cedar, Redwood, Composite or Tropical HardwoodHardwood

JoistsJoists Pressure Treated Wood Rim Joists Pressure Treated Wood Rim Joists (outer) Top Grade Pressure Treated Wood (outer) Top Grade Pressure Treated Wood BeamsBeams

PostsPosts Pressure Treated Wood, Cedar or Pressure Treated Wood, Cedar or RedwoodRedwood

BalustersBalusters Pressure Treated Wood, Cedar, Pressure Treated Wood, Cedar, Redwood or CompositeRedwood or Composite

Rails Rails Pressure Treated Wood, Cedar, Pressure Treated Wood, Cedar, Redwood or Composite Redwood or Composite

Deck SubstructureDeck Substructure

The deck substructure is the structural The deck substructure is the structural component of the deck.component of the deck.

The substructure consists of beams, joists, The substructure consists of beams, joists, headers, bracing and load bearing posts.headers, bracing and load bearing posts.

If the posts do not extend to the ground If the posts do not extend to the ground and do not carry the weight of the deck and do not carry the weight of the deck they may be constructed of cedar. For they may be constructed of cedar. For example if they are only installed to example if they are only installed to support the handrail.support the handrail.

Structural and Non-Structural PostsStructural and Non-Structural Posts

RotRot

The Deck substructure is treated to The Deck substructure is treated to prevent rot.prevent rot.

Rot results from water infiltration but Rot results from water infiltration but may also occur with fungus may also occur with fungus infestation. This latter type of rot is infestation. This latter type of rot is referred to as “dry rot”, and results referred to as “dry rot”, and results in punky wood. Either type of rot in punky wood. Either type of rot results in the loss of the structural results in the loss of the structural properties of the wooden member.properties of the wooden member.

Preventing RotPreventing Rot The best way to help prevent rot is by treating The best way to help prevent rot is by treating

the wood with a preservative which increases the the wood with a preservative which increases the wood’s resistance to both water and fungus, and wood’s resistance to both water and fungus, and sometimes, insects.sometimes, insects.

Treating wood does not indefinitely prevent rot Treating wood does not indefinitely prevent rot but rather extends the life of the product.but rather extends the life of the product.

Some woods, most notably cedar, contain natural Some woods, most notably cedar, contain natural fungicides which make them a good option for fungicides which make them a good option for outdoor work. Cedar, however, is not a load outdoor work. Cedar, however, is not a load bearing species due to its softness and thus bearing species due to its softness and thus should not be used for the deck substructure.should not be used for the deck substructure.

Pressure Treated WoodPressure Treated Wood Preservative-treated wood is typically pressure-Preservative-treated wood is typically pressure-

treated, where the chemicals are driven a short treated, where the chemicals are driven a short distance into the wood using a special vessel that distance into the wood using a special vessel that combines pressure and vacuum. combines pressure and vacuum.

Although deeper penetration is highly desirable, Although deeper penetration is highly desirable, the impermeable nature of dead wood cells the impermeable nature of dead wood cells makes it extremely difficult to achieve anything makes it extremely difficult to achieve anything more than a thin shell of treated wood. more than a thin shell of treated wood.

Key results of the pressure-treating process are Key results of the pressure-treating process are the the amountamount of preservative impregnated into the of preservative impregnated into the wood (called wood (called retentionretention), and the ), and the depthdepth of of penetration. penetration.

Pressure Treated AlternativesPressure Treated Alternatives Waterborne, Creosote, and Oil-borne (penta) are Waterborne, Creosote, and Oil-borne (penta) are

the three broad classes of preservatives typically the three broad classes of preservatives typically used when pressure-treating wood. used when pressure-treating wood.

Wood treated with waterborne preservatives is Wood treated with waterborne preservatives is typically used in residential, commercial and typically used in residential, commercial and industrial building structures. Creosote is industrial building structures. Creosote is primarily used for treating railroad ties, guardrail primarily used for treating railroad ties, guardrail posts, and timbers used in marine structures. Oil-posts, and timbers used in marine structures. Oil-borne (penta) is most often used for treating borne (penta) is most often used for treating utility poles and cross arms.utility poles and cross arms.

Pressure Treated Wood, the Pressure Treated Wood, the processprocess

RetentionRetention

Retention, usually expressed as Retention, usually expressed as kilograms of preservative per cubic kilograms of preservative per cubic metre of wood (pounds per cubic metre of wood (pounds per cubic foot), is the amount of preservative foot), is the amount of preservative retained in the wood after retained in the wood after completion of the treating cycle and completion of the treating cycle and is one measure of the degree of is one measure of the degree of protection provided. protection provided.

Incised LumberIncised Lumber

New PT LawsNew PT Laws

The Pest Management Regulatory Agency, The Pest Management Regulatory Agency, Health CanadaHealth Canada announced in March 2002 that the announced in March 2002 that the manufacturers of Chromated Copper manufacturers of Chromated Copper Arsenate, (CCA) had requested a change Arsenate, (CCA) had requested a change to their pesticide registration in order to to their pesticide registration in order to eliminate treatment with this product for eliminate treatment with this product for the residential market. This would the residential market. This would facilitate the introduction of new facilitate the introduction of new preservatives. Effective date for the preservatives. Effective date for the change was January 1, 2004. change was January 1, 2004.

Pressure Treated WoodPressure Treated Wood Since 2004 pressure treated wood used in Since 2004 pressure treated wood used in

Canada has changed. New preservatives to treat Canada has changed. New preservatives to treat wood first introduced in early 2002 have become wood first introduced in early 2002 have become the mainstay of the industry. the mainstay of the industry.

ACQ ACQ (amine copper quat)(amine copper quat) and CA and CA (copper azole)(copper azole) will replace the traditional CCA (chromated will replace the traditional CCA (chromated copper arsenate) in the treatment of pressure copper arsenate) in the treatment of pressure treated wood products destined for residential treated wood products destined for residential applications. CCA will continue to be used to treat applications. CCA will continue to be used to treat wood for industrial, commercial and agricultural wood for industrial, commercial and agricultural uses. In addition, existing inventories of CCA uses. In addition, existing inventories of CCA treated wood produced before January 1, 2004 treated wood produced before January 1, 2004 can be sold into the residential market until can be sold into the residential market until exhausted.exhausted.

CCACCA

Wood intended for use in Wood intended for use in construction has most commonly construction has most commonly been treated in the past with the been treated in the past with the chemical chromated copper arsenate chemical chromated copper arsenate ((CCACCA))

CCA will still be available for shakes CCA will still be available for shakes and shingles, permanent wood and shingles, permanent wood foundations, and most non-foundations, and most non-residential uses such as utility poles. residential uses such as utility poles.

CCACCA In CCA, the copper is the primary In CCA, the copper is the primary

fungicide, the arsenic is a secondary fungicide, the arsenic is a secondary fungicide and an insecticide, and the fungicide and an insecticide, and the chromium is a fixative which also provides chromium is a fixative which also provides UV resistance. UV resistance.

CCA is applied to wood in a water solution CCA is applied to wood in a water solution and chemically reacts with the wood to and chemically reacts with the wood to form a virtually insoluble precipitate. This form a virtually insoluble precipitate. This reaction is called fixation. reaction is called fixation.

CSA standards require all wood to be CSA standards require all wood to be tested to ensure fixation is complete tested to ensure fixation is complete before the wood leaves the treating plant. before the wood leaves the treating plant.

ACQACQ

Amine copper quat (Amine copper quat (ACQACQ) was originally ) was originally patented in Canada. It contains copper as patented in Canada. It contains copper as the primary fungicide and a quaternary the primary fungicide and a quaternary ammonium compound (quat) as the ammonium compound (quat) as the secondary fungicide. Quats are surfactants secondary fungicide. Quats are surfactants and some types are used to clean pipes in and some types are used to clean pipes in breweries and dairies. Others are found in breweries and dairies. Others are found in moist antiseptic wipes and eyewash. moist antiseptic wipes and eyewash. ACQ’s are the most common preservatives ACQ’s are the most common preservatives in today’s pressure treated wood.in today’s pressure treated wood.

ACQ’SACQ’S

In Canada, there are two main In Canada, there are two main formulations for ACQ: formulations for ACQ:

Type B: ACQ-B (ammoniacal)- used Type B: ACQ-B (ammoniacal)- used to better penetrate refractory to better penetrate refractory species such as Douglas-fir species such as Douglas-fir

Type C: ACQ-C (amine)- more Type C: ACQ-C (amine)- more commonly found formulation commonly found formulation

ACQACQ

Both chemical formulations (amine Both chemical formulations (amine and ammoniacal) include copper and ammoniacal) include copper oxide and a Quaternary compound as oxide and a Quaternary compound as both fungicide and termicide. Both both fungicide and termicide. Both formulations give the ACQ treated formulations give the ACQ treated wood the familiar greenish colour. wood the familiar greenish colour.

CACA

Copper Azole (Copper Azole (CACA) is also available in ) is also available in Canada and is another alternative to Canada and is another alternative to CCA. This is a copper-based CCA. This is a copper-based preservative with an organic preservative with an organic secondary fungicide. secondary fungicide.

CACA

Copper azole uses a formulation combining Copper azole uses a formulation combining amine copper with a co-biocide, amine copper with a co-biocide, (tebucoazole) to protect against fungal and (tebucoazole) to protect against fungal and termite attack. In some West coast species termite attack. In some West coast species ammonia is included in the formulation to ammonia is included in the formulation to aid in penetration. Over time, CA treated aid in penetration. Over time, CA treated wood will weather to a honey brown and wood will weather to a honey brown and then finally weather to a grey. then finally weather to a grey.

Appearance of PT WoodAppearance of PT Wood

Wood products treated with the new Wood products treated with the new preservatives are similar in preservatives are similar in appearance with the familiar green appearance with the familiar green colour. Left to the elements treated colour. Left to the elements treated wood will weather to a honey brown wood will weather to a honey brown colour and eventually silver grey. colour and eventually silver grey. Recommendations for the safe use Recommendations for the safe use and handling of wood treated with and handling of wood treated with the new preservatives are identical the new preservatives are identical to those first recommended for CCA. to those first recommended for CCA.

Safety with PT WoodSafety with PT Wood

NEVER BURN TREATED WOOD.NEVER BURN TREATED WOOD. Wear gloves and long sleeves when Wear gloves and long sleeves when

handling treated wood handling treated wood Wear dust mask, eye protection, Wear dust mask, eye protection,

gloves and long sleeves when gloves and long sleeves when sawing, sanding, shaping or sawing, sanding, shaping or otherwise machining treated wood to otherwise machining treated wood to avoid skin contact with or inhalation avoid skin contact with or inhalation of sawdust. of sawdust.

PT SafetyPT Safety

Where possible, cut or otherwise work with Where possible, cut or otherwise work with treated wood out-of-doors treated wood out-of-doors

Wash hands after working with the wood, Wash hands after working with the wood, and before eating, drinking, or smoking and before eating, drinking, or smoking

Launder clothing before reuse. Wash Launder clothing before reuse. Wash separately from other clothing separately from other clothing

After construction, all cut ends, sawdust After construction, all cut ends, sawdust and construction debris should be cleaned and construction debris should be cleaned up and disposed of in accordance with up and disposed of in accordance with local regulations local regulations

Installation and Maintenance of PT Installation and Maintenance of PT WoodWood

If wood is cut during construction, If wood is cut during construction, apply an appropriate "end-cut" apply an appropriate "end-cut" preservative (e.g., copper preservative (e.g., copper naphthenate for above or below naphthenate for above or below ground or zinc naphthenate for ground or zinc naphthenate for above ground only) to protect above ground only) to protect exposed, untreated wood. exposed, untreated wood.

Use these products according to the Use these products according to the manufacturers instructions. manufacturers instructions.

Installation and Maintenance of PT Installation and Maintenance of PT WoodWood

The service life of CCA-treated wood The service life of CCA-treated wood may be extended by regular may be extended by regular application of coating or sealer which application of coating or sealer which can protect the wood from can protect the wood from weathering effects.weathering effects.

Such maintenance may also reduce Such maintenance may also reduce the potential release of toxic the potential release of toxic chemicals from the wood. chemicals from the wood.

Maintenance of PT WoodMaintenance of PT Wood

The use of bleaches, deck cleaners or The use of bleaches, deck cleaners or brighteners that contain sodium brighteners that contain sodium hypochlorite, sodium hydroxide, hypochlorite, sodium hydroxide, sodium percarbonate, oxalic acid, or sodium percarbonate, oxalic acid, or citric acid is not recommended as citric acid is not recommended as they may release toxic chemicals they may release toxic chemicals from treated wood. from treated wood.

Installation and Maintenance of PT Installation and Maintenance of PT WoodWood

Use corrosion-resistant fasteners, HDG Use corrosion-resistant fasteners, HDG only, to minimize damage and only, to minimize damage and discoloration caused by moisture and the discoloration caused by moisture and the preservatives themselves. preservatives themselves.

Use corrosion-resistant anchors for the Use corrosion-resistant anchors for the same reason.same reason.

The new pressure treated woods have The new pressure treated woods have been shown to be even more corrosive been shown to be even more corrosive that CCA. Stainless steel, cost prohibitive, that CCA. Stainless steel, cost prohibitive, or HDG connections MUST be used.or HDG connections MUST be used.

Staining PT WoodStaining PT Wood

Wood pressure-treated with Wood pressure-treated with waterborne preservatives such as waterborne preservatives such as ACQ or CA may be painted or stained ACQ or CA may be painted or stained provided the moisture content after provided the moisture content after treating is reduced to at lease 20 treating is reduced to at lease 20 percent. The colour imparted to the percent. The colour imparted to the wood by the preservative may affect wood by the preservative may affect the final shade of any stains used the final shade of any stains used

CreosoteCreosote

Wood that has been treated with Wood that has been treated with creosote, creosote solutions or oil creosote, creosote solutions or oil borne preservatives cannot be borne preservatives cannot be stained successfully, or painted. stained successfully, or painted.

Deck Details at HouseDeck Details at House

Radius Edge DeckingRadius Edge Decking

PostsPosts

BalustersBalusters

Rails and LatticeRails and Lattice

Lattice GuardLattice Guard

Post and Rail GuardPost and Rail Guard

Post and BalustersPost and Balusters

Turned Posts and BalustersTurned Posts and Balusters

A hole in the deckA hole in the deck

Existing beam and post supportExisting beam and post support

First joist/beam installedFirst joist/beam installed

2 X 6 WRC Decking2 X 6 WRC Decking

Hand Rail InstallationHand Rail Installation

The, almost, finished deckThe, almost, finished deck

Finished Deck View TwoFinished Deck View Two