overview of energy efficiency policies and trends at world ... · overview of energy efficiency...

Overview of energy efficiency policies and trends at world level

Practical actions for accelerating energy efficiency Manille 7th June 2016

Dr Didier Bosseboeuf (ADEME, France) General secretary of the WEC energy efficiency policies Knowledge network

http://www2.ademe.fr/servlet/getDoc?id=38480&m=3&cid=96

http://www.wec-policies.enerdata.eu/

Content

CCEE-ADB Manille 7 June 2016 2

The WEC-ADEME Project implementation

Energy efficiency policies implementation over the world

Does it work? Energy efficiency trends at world level

The 10 WEC recommendations: To be updated?

Project implementation

3

To facilitate the exchange of information among WEC

membres, 4 activities are developped during the

round 2013-2016:

Survey on energy efficiency policies (95 countries covered))

Management of 2 data bases : P&M and EE indicators

http://www.worldenergy.org/data/energy-efficiency-policies-and-

measures/

http://www.worldenergy.org/data/efficiency-indicators/

In depth evaluation of 3 selected policies case studies

Dissemination and reporting (regional workshops, final report

for the world WEC congres (Istambul Nov 2016),



http://www.worldenergy.org/data/energy-efficiency-policies-and-measures/














Link between indicators and policies and measures

4

Target

Introduction of quantitative objectives per country (targets of energy efficiency programmes or in relationship with indicators

Target

Summary of all programmes and targets by country in PDF format related to the selected indicator

CountryName of the program/law sector nature of target target value target year

BulgariaNational Long Term Energy Efficiency Program, 2005-2015

Final

consumers Energy intensity reduction -8% 2015

Bulgaria National Long Term Energy Efficiency Program, 2005-2016 Overall Energy intensity reduction -17% 2015

Czech Rep State Energy Policy Overall Energy intensity reduction 3,22% 2030

FranceEnergy law (2005-781)- Loi POPE

Final

consumers Energy intensity reduction -2%/year 2010

FranceEnergy law (2005-781)- Loi POPE

Final

consumers Energy intensity reduction -2,5%/year 2015

Germany Coalition agreement Overall Energy intensity reduction 3%/year 2020

Hungary Energy Saving and Energy Efficiency Action Programme 1999-2010 Overall Energy intensity reduction 3,5%/year 2010

LithuaniaNational Energy Strategy

Overall

Energy intensity reduction EU average

intensity 2025

Romania National Strategy for Energy Efficiency (2004-2015) Overall Energy intensity reduction 40% 2015

Sw edenEnergy Bill

Final

consumers Energy intensity reduction 20% 2020

Russia Energy Strategy of the Russian Federation (2009) Overall Energy intensity reduction -40% 2020

Canada ecoENERGY Industry Energy intensity reduction

China 11th Plan (2006-2010) Overall Energy intensity reduction -20% 2010

China Policies for the Develpment of Iron and Steel industry (2005) Industry Energy intensity reduction -8% 2020

Hong Kong

(China)APEC Sydney Joint Declaration

OverallEnergy intensity reduction 25% 2030

Indonesia Energy conservation Plan 2005 Overall Energy intensity reduction 1%/year 2025

Taiw an, China Energy eff iciency and conservation programme Overall Energy intensity reduction 20% 2015

Jordan National Energy Strategy Overall Energy intensity reduction 20% 2020

Tunisia Four Year Energy Conservation 2008-2011 Overall Energy intensity reduction -3%/year 2008-2011



95 countries covered based on - a survey for 53 countries and

- a review of horizontal sources for 42 additional countries. Less than half of these countries belong to OECD

WEC - Overview of energy efficiency policies 5

Latin America: 11 Africa:21

Middle East : 11

Asia Other : 12

Europe: 32 CIS: 3

North America: 2

Asia OECD : 3

World overview of energy efficiency policies



Case studies on in-depth evaluation of selected policies

6

Objectives : In depth analysis (based on ex-post evaluation) of good practices.

Review of literature

Compilation of 8 countries with half of non OECD countries.

30-40 pages report for each of the case studies + recommendations

2 pages description of each of the national policies in a common format

Each case study summarized into the overall report A powerpoint presentation will be available

Each report put in the WEC website completing the existing portofolio of

around 40 case studies

1. P&Ms to accelerate the penetration of Efficient Electric motors (Motiva Finland)

2. Implementation of Building codes in emerging countries (Ecotech, Lebanon)

3. Energy efficiency information centers and one stop shop building (ECEEE-Sweden)



Energy efficiency in WEC countries 7

Brazil: National Electricity Conservation Programme (PROCEL) – Industry

China: Minimum Energy Performance Standards (MEPS)/Energy label for motors

European Union: Ecodesign Directive sets requirements for electric motor systems

India: Voluntary energy labels for industrial electric motors

Indonesia: Promoting energy efficiency through system optimization and energy management standards

Japan: Top-runner Programme

The Netherlands: Green Deal – Efficient electric motor systems

South Africa: Energy Efficient Motors Programme

South Korea: Mandatory Energy Audits

Switzerland: Competitive Tender Programme

The United States: MotorMaster+

Electric motors : List of case studies



Content



Energy efficiency policies implementations over the world



Measures covered in the survey


Regulations:

– Minimum Efficiency Performance Standards (MEPS) and labels for electrical appliances, cars, buildings and electric motors;

– Regulations for designated large consumers: mandatory energy audits, mandatory energy managers, mandatory energy saving plans, energy saving quotas;

– Mandatory training for professionals,

– Energy saving obligations for energy utilities.

Financial measures:

– Subsidies for audits by sector

– Low interest loans (i.e with subsidised interest rates) for energy efficiency investment and equipment by sector and type of equipment

Fiscal measures:

– Tax credit for efficient equipment, and tax on inefficient appliances

– Accelerate depreciation by sector,

– Tax reduction for efficiency investment by type of tax and equipment



50 countries have an energy efficiency law (+ 4 under development)

10

This is more than in 2012 when less than 40 countries had such a law.

Source: WEC energy efficiency policy data base 2015: world overview

Countries with an energy efficiency law



11

Main quantitative targets by end-use sector

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

Europe America Total Africa & MiddleEast

Asia

Residential Industry Services Transport

In Asia, industry is the main sector targeted (40% of sectoral targets)

There are 10 countries in Europe with sectoral targets, 6 in Africa-Middle East, 5 in

Asia, and 4 in America.

Source: WEC survey 2015

On average more than half of sectoral targets are in the households sector, and around 21% in industry sector.



12

For about 3/4 of them, the target is on the total primary energy consumption .

Half of countries have sectoral targets on end-use sectors, and about 28% on the total final energy consumption. (more in Europe).

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

Asia Africa & MiddleEast

Europe America Total

Primary Final consumption End-use sectors Energy Suppliers

Quantitative targets by type


Around 90% of countries have a quantitative target



There is a dominant share of regulations in the energy efficiency measures

implemented in the surveyed countries (more than 50% of measures on

average in 2015) with however a declining role since the last survey.

Other measures are spreading.

Distribution of measures by type

20

09

20

12

20

15

20

09

20

12

20

15

20

09

20

12

20

15

20

09

20

12

20

15

20

09

20

12

20

15

20

09

20

12

20

15

20

09

20

12

20

15

20

09

20

12

20

15

Africa Middle East Europe Asia other LatinAmerica

Total Asia OECD NorthAmerica

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%Regulation Financial Fiscal Others*

*Others correspond to voluntary agreements, ESCO and certification

Source: WEC survey 2015 WEC-Manila-6th June 2016



Regulation are important in services and for households (appliances, building codes

& certificates).

Financial incentives are more important in industry and transport (e.g. grants for

energy audits)

Fiscal incentives are shared between households and transport

Distribution of measures by sector

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

Household Services Industry Transport

Financial Fiscal Regulation Others


WEC-Manila-6th June 2016



Around 80% of countries with labels (or planned )

The number of mandatory labels for households equipment is above 20 in 8 countries ( e.g. Brazil,

Chile, Japan and and New Zealand). In total 40 countries have more than 10 labels (EU countries,

China, South Korea, North America, Costa Rica).

15 Source: WEC energy efficiency policy data base 2015: world overview

Number of mandatory labels for households equipment

Energy efficiency labels are important to guide consumers and motivate manufacturers on energy efficiency products



Examples of labels: case of Air Conditioning

16 Saudi Arabia Singapour

Greece India Ghana

Brazil

China



MEPS for households refrigerators are mandatory in 51 countries and planned in 29 countries. For

AC, MEPS are mandatory in 33 countries and planned in 29 countries. MEPS are often linked to

label classes.

17 Source: WEC energy efficiency policy data base 2015: world overview

Minimum Energy Efficiency Performance Standards (MEPS) for refrigerators

Labels are not sufficient to transform the market. They are the first step but need to be complemented with MEPS to remove inefficient equipment



0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

Africa & Middle East Asia Europe Total America

Appliances* Lamps Solar water heaters Buildings Cars Electric motors

Europe and Asia have a mix of measures close to the average, while in Africa & Middle East lamps are in second position and cars have few measures. In America lighting arrive in first position. Financial measures target more often dwellings and appliances while for fiscal measures it is (45%) and dwellings (25%) especially in Europe.

18

Financial and fiscal measures by type of end-use


Around 40% of financial and fiscal measures target buildings and 22% cars



Among financial measures, subsidies are dominant, except in Africa and Asia, and

represent on average 50% of financial measures, followed by soft loans (33%)

Distribution of financial measures by type and world region

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

Africa Asia Europe America Total

Energy audit Subsidies Soft loan

Tax reduction Tax credit Tax on inefficient equip.

Accelerated depreciation

Source: WEC survey 2015 WEC-Manila-6th June 2016



Content



Energy efficiency policies implementation over the world




Avoided energy consumption from energy intensity decrease at world level

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

14000

16000

18000

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

Gto

e

Consumption Negajoules

* Negajoules = avoided consumption; it is calculated as the difference between a fictive consumption at 2000 (o r 1990) energy intensity and the actual energy consumption.

Compared to 1990, the avoided consumption reached 6,1 Gtoe in 2014 These energy productivity improvements since 2000 avoided 7 Gt CO2 at world level in 2014 (13,8 Gt since 1990).

The reduction in the world energy intensity since 2000, avoided an energy consumption of 3.1 Gtoe in 2014, with China contributing for 40%




Primary energy intensity trends by region

-6%

-5%

-4%

-3%

-2%

-1%

0%

1%

2%

CIS China India OtherAsia

NorthAmerica

Africa Europe World AsiaOECD

LatinAmerica

Middle-East

%/y

ear

2000-2008 2008-2014 2000-2014

At world level, the energy intensity decrease slowed down from 1.6%/year between 2000 and 2008 to 1.3%/year since 2008.

The world economic crisis lowered the energy productivity improvement in most regions




Contribution of sectors to primary energy intensity (2014)

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

CIS China Africa MiddleEast

World NorthAmerica

India AsiaOECD

OtherAsia**

LatinAmerica

Europe EU

Euro

pe

=1

Industry Transport Buildings & agriculture Transformation Non-energy uses

* Energy consumption per sector related to GDP measured at purchasing power parities ** data for 2013

The high contribution of the energy transformations and industry explains part of the higher energy intensity of CIS, China and Middle-East (transformations: 40% in CIS, 35% in Middle-East & China ; industry ~ 33% in China). In Africa, the dominant use of low efficiency biomass in the residential sector explains the dominant of the building sector and this its high intensity.

Structure of GDP explains part of discrepancies of energy intensity among countries




Structural changes of GDP in final energy intensities (2000-2014)

-6%

-5%

-4%

-3%

-2%

-1%

0%

1%

2%

CIS World NorthAmerica

AsiaOECD

LatinAmerica

Europe MiddleEast

Africa India China

%/y

ear

Actual At constant structure Structural changes

Changes in the GDP structure explain around 1/4 of the final energy intensity decrease in Africa and around 20% in India and China, due to an increasing importance of services in the GDP (+4 points in Africa, +12 points in India and + 5 points in China).

In CIS, structural changes contributed to increase the final energy intensity.

Services are on average 6 to 7 times less intensive than industry (11 times in India).




Energy consumption of industry per unit of value added*

*: Based on intensities at purchasing power parities in koe/$2005 at ppp ** year 2013

Decrease in the energy intensity of industry everywhere except in Middle East (greater role of

energy intensive industries) : combined effect of energy efficiency gains and structural changes.

Large discrepancies among regions in trends and in value due to differences in energy efficiency

and industry specialisation: intensities around 2-2.5 higher in CIS or China than Europe but

stronger reduction .

0.0

1.0

2.0

3.0

4.0

5.0

Euro

pe

=1

2000 2014

Industry outlook



Despite the convergence of performance, there is sill a large gap between countries at similar process mix ; the distance to the benchmark shows the potential of improvement . Comparisons of specific consumption should be made at similar process mix as non electric steel is roughly 3 times more energy intensive than non electric process.

26

Russia

Argentina Brazil

India

China Australia

Japan France

Germany

Canada

UK South Korea

Indonesia USA

Saudi Arabia

Mexico

Turkey

EU

0.0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.9

1.0

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%

toe/

t

% electric steel

Italy

Energy efficiency potential

Red line: world best practice

Benchmarking in industry should be made with comparable indicators

Average energy consumption per ton of steel (2014)



For road transport, decreasing trends of the unit consumption per car

equivalent in most countries thanks to energy efficiency improvement of

vehicles.


Consumption of road transport per car equivalent*

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

USA

Au

stra

lia

Ch

ina*

Ger

man

y

Mex

ico

Sou

th A

fric

a

Spai

n

Ind

ia

Fran

ce

Sou

th K

ore

a

Ru

ssia

Ital

y

Jap

an

Ind

on

esia

toe/

car

equ

ival

ent

2000 2013

*China year 2002 and 2013 1 bus = 15 cars ;1 truck and light veh = 4 cars; 1 two-wheelers = 0.15 car

Transport outlook



Due to policy measures, mainly efficiency or emission standards for new cars, as well as other tax incentives. And this trend will continue in the next decade given the existing standards.


Specific consumption of new cars

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

Fran

ce

Ital

y

EU

Jap

an UK

Ind

ia

Ger

man

y

Mex

ico

Ko

rea

USA

Can

ada

Au

stra

lia*

Ch

ina

l/1

00

km

1995 2000 2015 2020 2025

Source: ODYSSEE, EU Commission, IEA; ICCT

Rapid decrease of the specific consumption of new cars in most countries



Decreasing trends in all countries (-0.4%/year at world level) except for Middle East due to growth in air cooling, and in China due to fast growth in electrical appliances ownership and increased heating comfort. In OECD countries, the main driver is energy efficiency improvement for space heating and appliances. In emerging countries it is the substitution of biomass with modern fuels for cooking.


Energy consumption of residential sector per household

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

NorthAmerica

MiddleEast

CIS Africa EU World AsiaOECD

China OtherAsia

India LatinAmerica

kWh

/ho

use

ho

ld

2000 2014

Residential outlook : energy consumption of households



Large discrepancies among regions in the electricity consumption per electrified dwelling (excluding heating use): from 8 000 kWh in North America to 1 000 kWh for India. There is no always correlation between electricity consumption per electrified dwelling and electricity price: for a same price level (for example 10 $c/kWh), the range of countries is quite large, from 1 300 kWh in Mexico to 7 900 kWh in USA.

30

Electricity consumption per electrified dwelling* and price of electricity (2014**) in G20

* Heating excluded **Electricity prices in 2013 for China and Argentina

Argentina

Australia

Brazil

Canada

China

Korea Japan

UK

Indonesia

Italy

Mexico

India

Germany Russia

Saudi Arabia

Turkey

USA

South Afr.

Saudi Arabia excluding AC

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

7000

8000

0.0 5.0 10.0 15.0 20.0 25.0 30.0 35.0

Ele

ctr

icity co

nsu

mp

tio

n/d

we

llin

g (

kW

h)

Price of electricity (Usc$05p/kWh)

France

Electricity price and consumption in households



Reduction in CO2 intensity everywhere. Most of this reduction was driven by energy intensity decrease (> 100% in Africa and world level; 87% in CIS and 70% in Europe); fuel substitutions contributing for the remainder. in Asia, fuel substitutions have offset part of the energy intensity reduction


Variation of CO2 intensity: impact of energy efficiency and fuel substitutions (2000-2014)

-4%

-3%

-2%

-1%

0%

1%

2%

India AsiaOECD

OtherAsia

Africa China World LatinAmerica

NorthAmerica

MiddleEast

CIS EU

%/y

ear

CO2 intensity Primary intensity Substitutions



The 10 WEC recommendations on EE policies (2013)


1. Incentive prices

2. Sustainable institutional support for policies and involvement

3. Innovative financing at a limited cost for the public budget

4. Improving quality of EE equipment, services and practices

5. Regulations should be regularly strengthened, enforced and

expanded

6. For each end-use, address the implementation strategy with

packages of measures rather than single measures

7. Better address the situation of less developed countries

8. Address behaviours as much as technology

9. Need to monitor achievements and impacts of measures

10. Enhance international and regional cooperation : towards

regional policies and programmes



Thank you for your attention

visit us at :

http://www.worldenergy.org/data/ for EE indicators and policies at world level

http://www.odyssee-mure.eu/ for EE indicators and policies in Europe

http://www.cepal.org/drni/biee/ for UN-CEPAL Latin America (BIEE project)

http://www.ademe.fr

http://www.worldenergy.org/data/

http://www.worldenergy.org/data/

http://www.odyssee-mure.eu/



http://www.cepal.org/drni/biee/



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