overview of memory atkinson-shiffrin model sensory signals sensory memory short-term memory...
Post on 20-Dec-2015
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![Page 1: Overview of Memory Atkinson-Shiffrin Model Sensory Signals Sensory Memory Short-Term Memory Long-Term Memory ATTENTION REHEARSAL RETRIEVAL](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062304/56649d485503460f94a23112/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Overview of Memory
• Atkinson-Shiffrin Model
Sensory Signals
Sensory Memory
Short-Term Memory
Long-Term Memory
ATTENTION
REHEARSAL
RETRIEVAL
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“Types” of Memory
• Sensory Memory– brief ( < 1 second)– preattentive / parallel processing (very
large capacity)
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Sensory Memory
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Capacity
• Describe a simple experiment that could measure the capacity of “memory”
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Capacity
• Describe a simple experiment that could measure the capacity of “memory”
• Briefly present some letters or digits and then ask the subject to report them– Called “whole report”
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Capacity
F S F EG S A UT O C G
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Capacity
“Recall as many letters as you can”
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Capacity
• George Sperling - Systematic investigation of memory capacity
– Result: subjects accurately recall 3 or 4 items
– What can you conclude from this result?
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Capacity
• What if subjects forget as they are recalling?
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Capacity
• What if subjects forget as they are recalling?
• How could you modify the experiment to measure the instantaneous capacity, before any forgetting can occur?
![Page 11: Overview of Memory Atkinson-Shiffrin Model Sensory Signals Sensory Memory Short-Term Memory Long-Term Memory ATTENTION REHEARSAL RETRIEVAL](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062304/56649d485503460f94a23112/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Capacity
• Partial Report - briefly present letters or digits and ask subject to report only some of them
“Report the letters in the row indicated by the arrow”
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Capacity
U E S BO D W AI B V S
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Capacity
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Capacity
Which Letters?
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Capacity
• Partial Report
• Result: subjects can recall any 3 or 4 letters that are indicated by the arrow !
![Page 16: Overview of Memory Atkinson-Shiffrin Model Sensory Signals Sensory Memory Short-Term Memory Long-Term Memory ATTENTION REHEARSAL RETRIEVAL](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062304/56649d485503460f94a23112/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Capacity
• Partial Report
• Result: subjects can recall any 3 or 4 letters that are indicated by the arrow !
• What does this mean about the capacity of memory?
![Page 17: Overview of Memory Atkinson-Shiffrin Model Sensory Signals Sensory Memory Short-Term Memory Long-Term Memory ATTENTION REHEARSAL RETRIEVAL](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062304/56649d485503460f94a23112/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Capacity
• There is some part of the perception system that stores huge amounts of information…
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Duration
• But for how long? How would you design an experiment to measure the duration of this high-capacity memory system?
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Duration
• But for how long? How would you design an experiment to measure the duration of this high-capacity memory system?
• Vary the onset of the probe
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Duration
• Partial Report
Probe Delay
# of letterspotentially recalled
500 ms0 ms never
0
4
10
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Duration
• Partial Report
Delay
# of letters potentiallyrecalled
Interpretation:1. Information dwells in a brief storage “buffer”2. duration of storage lasts about 1/2 of one second
500 ms0 ms never
0
4
10
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Iconic Memory
• a brief storage of “raw data” in the visual system
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Echoic Memory
• Auditory information is stored in a similar sensory “buffer”– Echoic memory seems to last for several
seconds
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Properties of Sensory Memory
1. Brief (iconic ~500ms; echoic ~2 seconds)
![Page 25: Overview of Memory Atkinson-Shiffrin Model Sensory Signals Sensory Memory Short-Term Memory Long-Term Memory ATTENTION REHEARSAL RETRIEVAL](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062304/56649d485503460f94a23112/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Properties of Sensory Memory
1. Brief (iconic ~500ms; echoic ~2 seconds)
2. unlimited capacity
![Page 26: Overview of Memory Atkinson-Shiffrin Model Sensory Signals Sensory Memory Short-Term Memory Long-Term Memory ATTENTION REHEARSAL RETRIEVAL](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062304/56649d485503460f94a23112/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Properties of Sensory Memory
1. Brief (iconic ~500ms; echoic ~2 seconds)
2. unlimited capacity
3. pre-attentive
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Next Time:
• Short-term memory