Overview of Research, Concepts & Trends

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EBP & What Works Probationer Comparison Family & Recidivism The Pew Reports

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First Pew Report - 1 in 15 Georgians under supervision (more on Pew later) “Lock ‘em up and throw away the key” &

“Get tough on crime” mentality Consensus: We can no longer justify

this approach Doesn’t really increase public safety Costs too much money Not the right thing to do

New ideas and approaches needed!3

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1974: Martinson’s claim The reaction to his claim that “nothing works” Where does the term “what works” come

from?

Loads of research shows… Punishment alone does not work

D.A.R.E./Scared Straight Boot Camps without a treatment component

Punishment + Treatment does reduce recidivism

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To reduce recidivism and improve public safety through implementation of research-based principles and practices

To contribute to the knowledge base of the profession and keep current with research and make changes when needed

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The Principles of Effective Intervention: RISK NEED RESPONSIVITY TREATMENT

PROGRAM INTEGRITY MEASURE & Feed back the results-

Evaluation & Quality Assurance6

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Identifies WHO should receive services

Treatment intensity should match risk level Interventions should focus on higher

risk offenders Putting low risk offenders in with high risk

can INCREASE risk for the low risk offenders

“Cherry-picking” problem

Resource-wasting problem7

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Identifies WHAT offender needs should be addressed

Those needs that RESEARCH has shown to reduce recidivism should be addressed Two types of needs

Criminogenic Non-Criminogenic

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Attitudes & beliefs (anti-social) Associates/peers (criminal) Alcohol & other drug use (substance abuse) Education (minimal) Employment skills (low ) Social skills (poor) Problem-solving skills (few) For women- self-esteem, history of abuse,

MH issues9

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Self-esteem in males Anxiety Feelings of alienation Socio-economic factors

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Responsivity means removing barriers to otherwise effective interventions so that offenders “respond” to the intervention

Potential barriers are from 3 sources: Offender barriers- Literacy, unstable mental

health, learning style, active SA, physical limits Resource/environmental barriers- Housing,

childcare, treatment availability Staff/system barriers- Inability to model or

reinforce prosocial behavior; overly permissive or punitive system; materials that are culturally insensitive or not written to proper language/understanding level

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Indicates what type of treatment is most effective in reducing recidivism

Cognitive-behavioral is most effective with offenders; thinking controls behavior

Insight-based interventions are ineffective with offenders; they don’t possess good insight!

5 Hallmarks of cognitive/behavioral styled interventions:

Role modeling Guided practice Give feedback 4-1 ratio of positive to negative reinforcers Practice till they get it right

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Good interventions and practices need to be supported with sufficient staff, materials and training to be effective

Reentry begins with assessment & continues through aftercare (“seamless system”)

Delivery should be as designed- no lone wolves or free thinkers (avoid “program drift”)

Good Q/A is critical (“what gets looked at is what gets done”)

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Booster training is essential- maintain staff consistency and standards of delivery

Measuring effectiveness should be standard practice

Use qualified, enthusiastic, well-trained staff Other EBP considerations:

PILOT new interventions Involve offender FAMILY MEMBERS Build SUPPORT outside the office/in the

community Use standardized risk/need assessment to direct

delivery of programming and planning14

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More Similarities or More Differences?

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• How many are high risk?

• How many are high need?

• How many are on both caseloads?

• What are some of their characteristics?

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Superficial Charm Unreliable & insincere Untruthful Lack of remorse &

shame Poor judgment Failure to profit from

experience Egocentric Lacks ability to love Restricted repertory of

Feelings

Lack of insight Lack of appropriate

interpersonal responses Acts out under the

influence Capable of acting out

sober Impersonal sex life Has no life plan May attempt suicide but

rarely carries it out.

Some Information on the Impact of Family Issues

On Recidivism

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• Fear that offender will return to drug use

• Another family member to support

• Relationship issues

• Domestic violence issues

• Change in family dynamic

• Resentment toward the offenderVan Voorhis, 2012

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6 Month Abstinence of Substance Abusers:• Supportive services offered to families- 36%

• No services: 5%

Sullivan et al., 2002, taken from Van Voorhis, 2012

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Those with a perception of family support and those with more contact with family while incarcerated have:• More favorable employment outcomes• Less substance abuse• Less recidivism

LaVigne et al., 2004, taken from Van Voorhis, 2012

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• Reinforce offenders for positive relationships with pro-social family members;

• Bring family members into reporting meetings

• Hold reporting meetings in a neutral place and include family members

Van Voorhis, 2012

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The Pew ReportsAnd Responses

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•Who/What is Pew? •The First Pew Report

• 1 in 15• Prisons

• The Second Pew Report• 1 in 13• Community Corrections

• The Third Pew Report – data quality

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• GRIP Committee (Multi-Agency)• Response to the first Pew Report• Focus on inmates releasing back into communities was access to risk reduction services

•The Probation 10-Step Framework (GDC)

• Response to second Pew Report• Addresses the 10 recommendations to improve community corrections

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• Criminal Justice Reform Council (CJRC)

• Not a direct response to Pew• Direct response to the economy• Indirect response to Pew

•Other indirect responses to Pew• Learning/Adopting EBP/What Works• Partnering with stakeholders- family, etc.• GPAI- Georgia Programs Assessment Inventory

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The New Law

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• Increase accountability courts, especially in rural areas• Create council to oversee accountability courts•Increases funding for intensive substance abuse treatment• Increases funding for alternatives to prison• Increases funding for getting MH offenders into MH treatment•Develop new assessment process•Implement cognitive (researched) programs

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• Increasing public safety through reducing recidivism is an even higher priority

• Saving money by reducing recidivism is an even higher priority

• Reducing recidivism is win-win, “Lock ‘em up and throw away the key” is lose-lose

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• Residential Substance Abuse Treatment Expansion

• Accountability Court (Drug, MH, etc.) Expansion

• Day Reporting Center Lite

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A Look at SomeGeorgia Data

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Transitional Center (TC, aka work-release) Data:•TC 3 year reconviction rates are 18% compared to 29% for general population - treatment effect 11 points or about 38%

Day Reporting Center (DRC) Study•DRC 3 year reconviction rates are 19% compared to 43% for control group - treatment effect 24 points or about 56%

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•Major Findings:•They reduce recidivism (24 point reduction in recidivism)•The better they score on the Georgia Programs Assessment Inventory, the better they are at reducing recidivism

•Major Issues/Opportunities for Improvement:

•Too many low risk offenders in the DRCs•Too few offenders completing the groups•Risk/need assessment can be improved

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Robert KiedingerManager, READ UnitRisk Reduction/Reentry/OPTD404-683-7030

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Thanks!

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