p2 presenatation2r hoekstra1402587

Urban Regeneration in a Market Oriented Decision EnvironmentRuud Hoekstra | P2 | Complex Cities Graduation Studio

January 24th, Room XDepartment of Urbanism | Delft University of Technology| Netherlands

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Sollution Oriented

S- RQ’s

ProblemOriented

S- RQ’s

End Products

Problem StatementAims

Main Research Question PlanningInstruments

Context

Physical locationurban regenerationplanning process

Scenario

Content | Presentation

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Sollution Oriented

S- RQ’s

ProblemOriented

S- RQ’s

End Products



Context


Scenario

Introduction | Project Context

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The Dutch Planning Process at Urban Regeneration of Deprived Neighbourhoods Re-evaluated

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The Speaker Says:

source: blablablablablabla

Urban Regeneration in a Market Oriented Decision Environment

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The Hague 4

Rotterdam 8Dordrecht 1Utrecht 4

Amsterdam 5Zaanstad 1Alkmaar 1

Leeuwarden 1 Groningen 2

Enschede 1Deventer 1

Amersfoort 1Arnhem 4Nijmegen 1

Eindhoven 3Maastricht 1Heerlen 1

source: Google images, available on Google.comdata: onderwerpen/aandachtswijken, available on: Rijksoverheid.nl

Introduction | Problem Neighbourhoods Netherlands

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Rotterdam 8Oude WestenOude NoordenCrooswijkBergpolderOverschieOud ZuidVreewijkZuidelijke Tuinsteden

Den Haag 5StationsbuurtSchilderswijkZuidwestTransvaal

Dordrecht 1Wielwijk / Crabbehof

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t 11bbehoffCrab

Introduction | Deprived Neighbourhoods South-Holland

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Introduction | Deprived Neighbourhoods RotterdamRotterdam 8Oude WestenOude NoordenCrooswijkBergpolderOverschieOud ZuidVreewijkZuidelijke Tuinsteden

FeijenoordAfrikaanderwijkBloemhofHillesluisKatendrecht

ChaloisCarnisse / ZuidpleinOud-CharloisTarwewijk

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Introduction | History Rotterdam-South

++

1880 - 1940 explosive growth

Nieuwe waterweg

FeijenoordCharlois

source: Stadsregio.infodata: Zuid Werkt! Nationaal programma Kwaliteitssprong Zuid (19 september’11) available on: Rijksoverheid.nl

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++

1950 - 1960 reconstruction after WWII

BotlekEuropoort

1e maasvlakte

PendrechtZuidwijk

LombardijenIJsselmonde


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Introduction | History Rotterdam-South1960 - 1975 high unemployment and pauperization


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€ -+

1975 - 1990 urban renewal for low incomes


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1990 - 2010 the success of ‘Kop van Zuid’

Erasmus bridge

Kop van Zuid

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Introduction | Erasmusbrug

source: Reahon, (2011) available at: http://reahon.deviantart.com/art/Erasmusbrug-Rotterdam-208575873.

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Introduction | Kop van Zuid

source: Cak-cak (2011). available at: www.fl ickr.com.

Charlois64. 0209 neighbourhoods3 problematic neighbourhoods

Feijenoord71. 5328 neighbourhoods4 problematic neighbourhoods

Introduction | Rotterdam South

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Introduction | Rotterdam South

Oud Chalois

Carnisse / Zuidplein

Hillesluis

Bloemhof

AfrikaanderwijkKatendrecht

Tarwewijk

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Rotterdam Totaal

FeijenoordAfrikaanderwijkBloemhofHillesluisKatendrecht

CharloisCarnisse / ZuidpleinOud CharloisTarwewijk

48 % 33 % 7.3 53 %

86 % 10 % 5.1 64 %74 % 21 % 4.8 64 %82 % 26 % 4.3 63 %58 % 29 % 7.6 57 %

58 % 48 % 5.6 65 %56 % 36 % 6.4 60 %76 % 29 % 3.9 68 %

immigr

ants

owne

r occ

upied

safet

y ind

exlow

inco

me

€7.1

Introduction | Facts

data: de stad in cijfers: available at: Rotterdam.nl/data

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Introduction | Spatial Planning

1958 1966 1976 1992 2004

1960 1974 1988 2001

Nota W

esten

des

Land

s

2e N

ota R

uimtel

ijke

Ordenin

g

4e N

ota R

uimtel

ijke

Ordenin

g Extr

a

4e N

ota

Rui

mte

Versted

elijki

ngsn

ota

1e N

ota

Ruimtel

ijke O

rdenin

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Nota

Ruim

telijk

e Orde

ning

4e N

ota

Ruimtel

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rdenin

g5e

Nota

Ruim

telijk

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ning

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1958 1966 1976 1992 2004

1960 1988 2001

Nota W

esten

des

Land

s

2e N

ota R

uimtel

ijke

denin

g

4e N

ota R

uimtel

ijke

Ordenin

g Extr

a

4e N

ota

Rui

mte

Versted

elijki

ngsn

ota

1e N

ota

Ruimtel

ijke O

rdenin

g3e

Nota

Ruimtel

ijke O

rdenin

g4e

Nota

Ruim

telijk

e Orde

ning

5e N

ota

Ruimtel

ijke O

rdenin

gministry of spatial planning (gov.)

- Spatial memorandum (Nota)- Wro (law of spatial organization

Randstad 2040 national

South wing (Randstad)Provincial

Rotterdam 2020Municipal

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1958 1966 1976 1992

1960 1988 2001

Nota W

esten

des

Land

s

2e N

ota R

uimtel

ijke

denin

g

4e N

ota R

uimtel

ijke

Ordenin

g Extr

a

Versted

elijki

ngsn

ota

1e N

ota

Ruimtel

ijke O

rdenin

g3e

Nota

Ruimtel

ijke O

rdenin

g4e

Nota

Ruim

telijk

e Orde

ning

5e N

ota

Ruimtel

ijke O

rdenin

gministry of spatial planning (gov.)

- Spatial memorandum (Nota)- Wro (law of spatial organization

central organizationvs.

decentralized organization

Randstad 2040 national

South wing (Randstad)Provincial

Rotterdam 2020Municipal

2004

4e N

ota

Rui

mte

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public

government

National rigid processtop-down planninghorizontal approach actors

Provincial

municipal

private civil

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pal

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public

private

area based approaches (projects) easely manage-able. The public sector follows with goals and visions (competitive, economic oriented) development plans.

civil

governance

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public

private civil

cooperation

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source: Uitvoeringsagenda Regio Rotterdam 2020: available at: RR2020.nl

Competitive orientedEconomic oriented

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The role of the urban planner

“Spatial planning is not a hobby of a limited number of

professionals. It has to be a service, promoting citizen participation and realizing consumer sovereignty. For

urban planners this means: generating alternative plans,

and mobilizing long-term stakeholders to express their preferences and to make choices.” Priemus and Hall (2004: 348)

source: Priemus, H., Hall, P. (2004). Multifunctional Urban Planning of Mega-City- Regions. Journal of Built Environment, Vol. 30 (4).

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Introduction | Urban Regeneration

“a broad and integrated vision and action that leads to solving urban problems and which seeks for a lasting improvement in the economic, physical, social and environmental conditions of the planning area.” Roberts and Sykes (2000: 17)

source: Roberts, P., Sykes, H. (2000). Urban Regeneration: a handbook. London: Sage.

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Social orientedEconomic orientedPhysical oriented

source: Roberts, P., Sykes, H. (2000). Urban Regeneration: a handbook. London: Sage.

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VS.

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VS. Urban regenerationNew built environment

7-12 % 3-6 %

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Sollution Oriented

S- RQ’s

ProblemOriented

S- RQ’s

End Products



Context


Scenario

Content | Problem Statement

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- current process bottleneck (inclusion of needs, economic)

- consensus building

gove

rnan

ce pr

oces

sde

velop

ment

proc

ess

plann

ing p

roce

ss

- spatial confi guration which is not inclusive

initiative

design/fi nancing

implementation

management of presurving

spatial policies (Wro)

visions

development plans(land use plan; bestemmingsplan)

policies (GSB)

visions

development plans(bestemmingsplan)

spatial confi guration

urban

regene

ration

newly b

uilt

environ

ment

Problem Statement | ?

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Objectives | Aims & Goals

Aim:

The integration of people and needs into the planning process for a physical environment and spatial composition which is

Goal:

The re-evaluation of the urban regeneration process by integration of people and needs into the potential role of of the area into the region.

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Main Research Question |

How to facilitate a consensus with distributional benefi ts1 within the Dutch planning process in urban regeneration of low income neighbourhoods in Rotterdam-South for a spatial confi guration2 which stimulates? space quality3?

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Research Questions | Fine Tuning

literature review (theoretical framework, review paper)

literature review (theoretical framework)mapping spatial fragments

literature review

literature review (theoretical framework)review practical documents

conclusions- suggestions- potentials- bottlenecks

mapping spatial issues

conclusionscomparison about the results:suggestionspotentialsbotlenecks

potentials of embedding partici-patory conceptspotentials in creating place qual-ity trough consensus

investigate the relation within the urban development plans

relate conclusion with urban regeneration policies

conditions that infl uence the spatial confi guration= input for RQ4

Urban Regeneration Strategy

Spatial Effects

Spatial Planning Processother potentialities

Spatial Planning Processcurrent situation

conclusions

Which actor participation strategies stimulate decision power within the spatial planning process of urban regeneration plans?

How to stimulate a spatial confi guration which is all inclusive in the Dutch urban regeneration to integrate the production of place quality in the spatial planning process?

How do the changing conditions in urban development in the Netherlands infl uence the urbanization / urban regeneration process?

How do we reach consensus within the Dutch urban regeneration planning process and how can we stimulate distributional benefi ts?

review criteria participation conceptsin matrix

potentials of using actor participation concepts for the production of place quality:

StrenghtsWeaknessOpportunitiesTreats

case study current used participatory concepts in urban regeneration plans Rotterdam


co-option (public-private)

input for planning instruments................


problem oriented

+ 2

sollution oriented

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Main Research Question | Sub-questions

How to facilitate a consensus with distributional benefi ts1 within the Dutch planning process in urban regeneration of low income neighbourhoods in Rotterdam-South for a spatial confi guration2 which stimulates? space quality3?

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Consensus Consensus

1 42 53 6

Empowerment EmpowermentSpatial confi guration

Spatial confi guration

problem orientedsub-questions

sollution oriented sub-questions

Sollution Oriented

S- RQ’s

ProblemOriented

S- RQ’s

End Products



Context


Scenario

Content | Problem Oriented Sub-Research Questions

Sub-Research Questions | Consensus

1Which stakeholders are involved in the decision making process, with what interest and in what way can we see their interest expressed in the development plans?

Hillesluis

82%

Afrikaander-wijk

86%

Bloemhof

74%

Katendrecht

28%

Tarwewijk

76%Oud-

Charlois

56%

Carnisse Zuidplein

58%

Sub-research Question 1 | immigrants

Feijenoord

22%Charlois

41%

Sub-research Question 1 | owner occupation

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Sub-research Question 1 | Represented Groups

source data: http://www.kei-centrum.nl, visited jan. 21st 2012

stakeholdersimmigrantstenantsyoung people 20-54jr 53 %low income 62 %

housing coorperations:HavenstederVestiaWoonbronWoonstad Rotterdam

Chairman sub-municipalities Charlois Feijenoord Ijsselmonde

havenbedrijf RotterdamNatuurmonumenten

Stakeholders area

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stakeholdersimmigrantstenantsyoung people 20-54jr 53 %low income 62 %




steering commiteeChairmanAlderman Social affairs, employment and GSB

CEO’s housing coorperations:HavenstederVestiaWoonbronWoonstad Rotterdam


sub-municipalities Charlois Feijenoord Ijsselmonde

core teamPolicy makers:OBRdS+V

housing coorperations:VestiaWoonstad Rotterdam

Program

Pact op Zuid 2006-2016Stakeholders areaSub-research Question 1 | Represented Groups


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represented groupsimmigrantstenantsyoung people 20-54jr 53 %low income 62 %




steering commiteeChairmanAlderman Social affairs, employment and GSB

CEO’s housing coorperations:HavenstederVestiaWoonbronWoonstad Rotterdam


sub-municipalities Charlois Feijenoord Ijsselmonde

core teamPolicy makers:OBRdS+V

housing coorperations:VestiaWoonstad Rotterdam

Program

Pact op Zuid 2006-2016Stakeholders areaSub-research Question 1 | Represented Groups


source data: Jaarprogamma kaart 2009 available on: http://www.pactopzuid.info, visited jan. 21st 2012

approach to private propertyby housing coorperations

small projectsphysical environment

Sub-research Question 1 | Plans Proposed

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Sub-research Questions | What Theory Contributes

source: Frieling, D.H. (2002). Design in Strategy, in: Jong, T.M. de, Voordt, D.J.M. van der (Edt.) (2002) Ways to study and Research: Urban, Architectural and Technical Design. Delft: DUP Science.

livability private

perspective 1

perspective 2

monitor map

money

counter

Arbiterperm

it co

unte

r

perspective 3

perspective 4

landscape public

environment private

economy public

transport agriculture urban design

decision support systems

deci

sion

sup

port

syst

ems

decision support systems

Professional consultants

Dealing room Developers

Gov

ernm

ent

FinanceCiti

zens

gr

oups

Political strategistsPolitical strategists

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Sub-research Questions | What Theory Contributes

source: Gaventa, J. (2004). Towards participatory governance: Assesing the transformative possibilities, in: Bailey, N. (2010) Understanding Community Empowerment in Urban Regeneration and Planning in England: Putiing Policy and Practice in Context. Planning Practice and Research, 25:3, 317-332.

Closed spaces: Here ‘decisions are made by a set of actors behind closed doors, without any pretence of broadening the boundaries of inclusion’. (Gaventa, 2004: 35).

Invited Spaces: ‘Efforts to widen participation involves the creation of new or “invited” spaces, i.e. those people (as users, as citizens, as benefi ciaries) are invited to participate by various kinds of authorities, be they government, supranational agencies or non-governmental organisations’ (Cornwall, 2002: 24).

Claimed / created spaces: ‘spaces which are claimed by less powerful actors from or against the power-hold-ers, or created more autonomously by them, (Gaventa, 2004: 35). These might arise out of mobilization around issue based concerns or where organizations are formed to represent local interests’.

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Sub Research Question | Variables That Determine the Consensus

the actors in the dealing room (decision making process) seem to determine the consensus

the type of governance space plays an important role for the level of infl uence of the actors

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Sub-Research Questions | Empowerment

2Does community engagement or the tools being used help to build a consensus to representate underrepresented groups?

Sub-Research Questions | Spatial Effects

3How do the changing conditions in urban development in the Netherlands infl uence the urbanization and urban regeneration process?

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Strategy | Gaps and Botlenecks

Consensus Empowerment Spatial confi guration

Plan A ? Plan B

Consensus

1 2 3

Empowerment Spatial confi guration


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Project | Orientation

VS.governance spatial confi guration

Urban Regeneration in a Market Oriented Decision Environment

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Project | Orientation

=the combination of actors

production of a certain plan or

outcome

The Dutch Planning Process at Urban Regeneration of Deprived Neighbourhoods Re-Evaluated

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Consensus Consensus

1 42 53 6

Empowerment EmpowermentSpatial confi guration

Spatial confi guration


gaps and botlenecks

in urban regeneration

sollution oriented sub-questions

Project | Organization

Sollution Oriented

S- RQ’s

ProblemOriented

S- RQ’s

End Products



Context


Scenario

Content | Sollution Oriented Sub-Research Questions

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123Spatial Effects

1 2 3 SQ 4 SQ 5 SQ 6



Problem oriented research questions

gaps and botlenecks


Sub-Research Questions | 1,2 & 3 Problem Oriented

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Sub-Research Questions | Spatial Effects

4How to stimulate a spatial confi guration which is all inclusive in the Dutch urban regeneration to integrate the production of place quality in the spatial planning process?




SWOT

SQ1,2,3

conclusions

relate conclusion with urban regenera-tion policies

conditions that infl uence the spatial confi guration= input for SQ-6

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Sub-Research Questions | Empowerment

5Which actor participation strategies stimulate decision power within the spatial planning process of urban regeneration plans?

literature review (theoretical framework)

review criteria participation concepts in matrix

potentials of using actor participation concepts for the production of place quality = input for planning instruments


Strenghts Weakness Opportunities Treats

co-option (public-private)............

SQ 4

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Sub-Research Questions | Consensus

6How do we reach consensus within the Dutch urban regeneration planning process and how can we stimulate distributional benefi ts?

literature review (theoretical framework)review of practical documents

comparison about the results:suggestionspotentialsbotlenecks

conclusion

potentials of embedding participatory conceptspotentials in creating place quality trough consensus


SQ 4

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Spatial Effects

SQ-4SQ-1 SQ-2 SQ-3 SQ-5


Sub-Research Questions | Methodological Strategy

SQ-6


ScenarioActor combination vs. plan or outcome

other potentials of socio-spatial integration to reach an better consensus among stakeholders


Planning instruments

Sollution Oriented

S- RQ’s

ProblemOriented

S- RQ’s

End Products



Context


Scenario

Content | Scenario

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Scenario | Concept

Composition of actors

Spat

ial p

lan

=source: Robert-Bunsens200th-BirthdayGlobal. retrieved jan 22th 12’,available on: Google.com/doodle

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Scenario | Methods

survey case studyactor relational approach

South LimburgHillside delight

case studynormative approach

Vienna?

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SQ-1 SQ-2 SQ-3

Scenario | Position

How to stimulate a spatial con-fi guration which is all inclusive in the Dutch urban regeneration to integrate the production of place quality in the spatial planning process?

Which actor participation strategies stimulate decision power within the spatial planning process of urban regeneration plans?

Spatial Effects

SQ-4 SQ-5




relate conclusion with urban regeneration policies

potentials of using actor participation concepts for the production of place quality

conditions that infl uence the spatial confi guration= input for SQ-6

= input for planning instruments

conclusions


literature review (theoretical framework)

review criteria participation concepts in matrix



co-option (public-private)............

How do we reach consensus within the Dutch urban regener-ation planning process and how can we stimulate distributional benefi ts?

SQ-6


literature review (theoretical framework)review practical documents

conclusions

comparison about the results:suggestionspotentialsbotlenecks

potentials of embedding participatory conceptspotentials in creating place quality trough consensus



gaps and botlenecks

survey case studyactor relational approach

case studynormative approach

?

Planning instruments

Research questions Scenario

Sollution Oriented

S- RQ’s

ProblemOriented

S- RQ’s

End Products



Context


Scenario

Content | End Products

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End Products | Planning Instruments

“A set of planning instruments aimed to improve the integration of people and needs into the planning process of Urban Regeneration plans for a better stakeholder consensus at the local level”

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Managment Principles | Area Developmentprocess management project

management

management tools/instruments

shapingplansobjectives

regulatingrules

activatingactors network approach

stimulatingsubsidiesmarketing

resource management

Netherlands uses this brance to direct area development on the basis of land allocation / land confersions.

The aimed planning instruments / tools are therefore positioned in this branche.

source: Heurkens, E. (Forthcoming). Management Principles for Area Development.

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urban

regene

rationProblem Statement | Position Planning Instruments

participationconsensus

needs and interest stakeholders

gove

rnan

ce pr

oces

sde

velop

ment

proc

ess

plann

ing p

roce

ss

initiative

design/fi nancing

implementation

management of presurving

spatial policies (Wro)

visions

development plans(land use plan; bestemmingsplan)

policies (GSB)

visions

development plans(bestemmingsplan)

spatial confi gurationnew

ly built

environ

ment

Problem Statement | ?

The speaker says:

thank you! this presentation is available at; http://www.slideshare.net/RuudHoekstra

p2 presenatation2r hoekstra1402587

Technology

decision making process

ati er en

dutch planning process

dutch urban regeneration

urban regeneration plans

spatial planning process

stimulate distributional benets

main research question