pacific northwest flora
DESCRIPTION
Flora of the different communities of plants that live in the Pacific Northwest.TRANSCRIPT
PacificNorthwest
Flora
Sitka Sprucezone
Big Leaf Maple
Genuis Species: Acer Macrophyllum Aceraceaee
Leaves: Simple, opposite, decidious, 6-12 inches in diameter, deep lobes, dark green above and lighter green below.
Flower: Small yellow flowers
Fruit: Double Samas with wings 1 to 2 inches long. Seed tan and hairy when ripe.
Twig: Smooth, round, and Green.
Vine Maple
Genuis Species: Acer Circinatum Aceraceaee
Leaves: Simple, opposite, decidious, lobed, green above and lighter green below.
Flower: Red and in short clusters
Fruit: Double Samaras 1 to 2 inches long. Bright red when mature
Twig: Smooth, small and round. Green to red but often red.
Douglas Fir
Genuis Species: Pseudotsuga Menziesii Pinaceae
Form: Crown that is open stems are straight
Bark: Gray and smooth on stems becoming thicker with age. Red to brown with ridges and furrows.
Cones: 3-4 invhrd long with rounded scales. Lobed bracts extend beyond the cone.
Leaf: Evergreen single needles
Red Alder
Genuis Species: Alnus Rubra Betulaceae
Leaves: Alternate, deciduous, ovate, 3 to 6 inches long and doubly serrate margins.
Flower: Male and Female. Males are slim and hang in clusters. Females are short and thick.
Fruit: Cone like and Dark Brown
Twig: Distinctly Triangular, olive to reddish brown.
Thimble Berry
Genuis Species: Rubus Parviflorus Rosaceae
Leaves: Simple, alternate, deciduous, 3 to 10 inches in diameter, and palmately lobed.
Flower: 1 inch across broad white petals
Fruit: Red raspberries with a flattened dome shape.
Twig: New stems are green and older stems have thin bark
Salal
Genuis Species: Gaultheria Shallon Ericaceae
L e a v e s : S i m p l e , a l t e r n a t e , persistent, ovate and oval 2 to 4 inches long
Flower: 1/4 inch urn shaped white to pink and elongated clusters
Fruit:Small round blue-black berries
Twig: Green to red and covered with hairs. Zig zag appearance
Blue Elderberry
Genuis Species: Sambucus CeruleaCaprifoliaceae
Leaves Compound 5 to 15 cm
Flower: Small lobed white or cream color
Fruit:Bright blue 3 seeded drupe
Twig: Thin and green with spongy conspicous stems.
Salmon Berry
Genuis Species: Rubus spectabilis Rosaceae
Leaves: Pinnately compound. alternate, decidious 1 to 3 inches long.
Flower: 1 1/2 inches across and bright pink to dark red. Clusters or singly arranged.
Fruit:Raspberries that are yellow to red
Twig: Green armed and orange
Western Hemlock
Zone
Western Cedar
Genuis Species: Thuja Plicata Cupressaceae
Form: Large evergreen conifer 200 ft tall and 10 ft in diameter.
Bark: Thin, fibrous stringy and red.
Cones: Small and thin upturned on the branches and 2 cm long
Leaf: Persistent, scales, arranged in pairs.
Western Hemlock
Genuis Species: Tsuga Heterophylla Pinaceae
Form: Evergreen conifer 200 ft tall and 4 ft in diameter
Bark: Young bark is think scaly and brown to black
Cones:Woody Eggshaped small and 1 in long with thin scales
Leaf: Evergreen, flattened linear, spirally arranged, and 1 to 2 cm
Grand Fir
Genuis Species: Abies Grandis Pinaceae
Form: Large evergreen, 150 to 200 ft tall and a narrow crown.
Bark: Thin light bark
Cones:2 to 4 inches long barrel shaped and upright on the twig
Leaf: Flattened linear leaves 2 to 5 cm long dark yellow ggreen above with white bands below
Black Hawthorn
Genuis Species: Crataegus Douglas Rosaceae
Leaves:2.5 to 7.5 cm long wider toward short pointed tip.
Flower: 12 mm wide
Fruit: 12 mm in diameter turning black with thick yellow pulp
Twig: Shiny red slender hairless flowers
Red Huckleberry
Genuis Species: Vaccinium ParvifoliumEricaceae
L e a v e s : S i m p l e , a l t e r n a t e deciduous, elliptical to ovate
Flower: Small white to green bell shape sometimes pink
Fruit: Small red berries with transparent skin
Twig: Young twigs are bright green and ribbed
Pacific Yew
Genuis Species: Taxus BrevifoliaTaxaceae
Form: Large evergreen 150 to 200 ft tall
Bark: Thin reddish brown and scaly
Cones: Round fleshy orange red 1 cm long
Leaf: Evergreen linear leaves single spirally arranged 2 to 3 cm long dark green above and paler below.
Snow Berry
Genuis Species: Symphoricarpos Albus Caprifoliaceae
Leaves: Finely branches deciduous shrub upright and 2 to 3 m tall
Flower: Bell shaped, 5 lobed white or pink hairy inside
Fruit: White, waxy, berry, 3 to 5 per cluster and 1 cm in diameter
Twig: Long and thin
Oregon Grape
Genuis Species: Mahonia Nervosa Berberidaceae
Leaves: Compound, alternate, persistent, 25 5o 45 cm long
Flower: Small bright yellow flowers
Fruit: 1 cm dark blue berries edible
Devils Club
Genuis Species: Oplopanax Horridus Araliaceae
Leaves: Alternate, deciduous, simple, leaves and stems are heavily aremed.
Flower: small white flowers upright conical shaped clusters
Fruit: Drupes bright red flattened
Twig: Sparse upright and thick
Willamette Valley
Lowland
Black Cottonwood
Genuis Species: Popuulus BasalmiferaSalicaceae
Leaves:Simple, Alternate, Ovate, finely serrated. 3 to 6 in long shiny dark green.
Flower: Yellow green catkins 6-8 cm
Fruit: Small dry capsule containing small seeds
Oregon Ash
Genuis Species: Fraxinus Latifolia
Leaves:Pinnately compound, deciduous, 5 to 14 in long. Leaflets are broadly ovate.
Flower: greenish white with flowers forming in clusters.
Fruit: 3 to 5 cm long and hangs in clusters
Scoulers Willow
Genuis Species: Salix scouleriana Salicaceae
L e a v e s : S i m p l e , a l t e r n a t e , obovate, 3-5 inches long. Margins are entire and the leaf is dark green above and paler red hairy texture below.
Flower: 1 to 2 inches long yeloowish white fuzzy catkins
Fruit: 1/4 in long pointed hairy capsules in oblong clusters.
Ponderosa Pine
Genuis Species: Pinus Ponderosa Pinaceae
Form: Irregular crown developing a flat top .
Bark: Nearly black on young trees and with age becomes cinnamon with deep furows as tree gets oler
Cones: Yellow red cylindrival in clusters near ends of branches
Leaf: Evergreen single needles
Hazelnut
Genuis Species: Corylus CornutaBetulaceae
Leaves:Simple with a doubly serrated margin with a heart shaped or rounded base
Flower: Female leaves are enclosed at the tip of the twigs with only red visible. 1.5 cm long
Madrone
Genuis Species: Arbutus menziesiiEricaceae
Form: Ever tree 100 feet tall and 1 to 6 feet in diameter.
Bark: Distintictive young bark that is thin red or orange brown. Mature bark is multi colored thin and peels in patches
Flower: white small 1 cm
Cascara
Genuis Species: Rhammus Purshiana Rhamnaceae
Leaves:Simple, deciduous, oblong, alternate, elliptical 2 to 6 in long. Dark green above and paler below
Flower: Small and green white clusters
Fruit: 1/2 in diameter drupe black with a yellow inner puple
Wester Spiraea Hardhack
Genuis Species: Spiraea Douglasii Roscaceae
Leaves: Alternate, oblong, simple base entire. Dark green above and fragrant.
Flower: Deep pink fragrant clusters 5 to 30 cm long
Pacific Ninebark
Genuis Species: Physocarpus Capitatus Rosaceae
Form: Small tree 15 to 30 feet tall with a 10 to 20 in diameter.
Flower: Clusters of small white flowers with five petals
Pine Oak Woodland
WesternWhite Pine
Genuis Species: Pinus Monticola Pinaceae
Form: Lightweight semi tall straight grained tree
Cones: long and slender 5 to 12 in long and 2 to 3 in wide thin and flexible
Red Flowering Currant
Genuis Species: Ribes sanguineum Grossulariaceae
Leaves:Palmately lobed, finely serrate margins, lower surface white
Flower: petals white to red
Fruit: Black and blue berry with hairs
Giant Chinquapin
Genuis Species: Chrysolepis ChrysophyllaFagaceae
Form: Evergreen tree 150 feet tall and 3 to 6 feet in diameter.
Bark: Smooth gray brown and covered with white areas and gets 1 to 2 inches thick
Flower: Male flowers are dull yellow female flowers are much smaller and clustered at the base of the male
Oregon White Oak
Genuis Species: Quercus Garryana Fagaceae
Form: Leaved tree 40 to 80 feet tall and 2 to 3 feet in diameter.
Leaves: Dark green shiny above and paler green below.
Fruit: nut about 1 inch long light brown and bowl shaped
Hairy Manzanita
Genuis Species: Arctostaphylos ColumbianaEricaceae
Form: large bushy evergreen shrub with stiff branches. 12 feet tall at most
Bark: smooth brown o bark on young stems but dark red brown bark on older stems
Flower: Small terminal clusters
Snowbrush
Genuis Species: Ceanothus Velutinusrhamnaceae
Form: Evergreen shrub erect but often sprawiling up to 10 feet tall with green branches.
Leaf: Simole, alternate, and ovate long with dark green above and paler below.
Fruit: small rounded capsule up to 3/16 of an inch in diamter.
DeerBrush
Genuis Species: Ceanothus IntegerrimusRhamnaceae
Leaves: Simple, Deciduous, Alternate.
Flower: White to dark blue rarely red but sometimes pink
Fruit: small 3 lobed rounded capsule
Subalpine Community
Pacific Silver Fir
Genuis Species: Abdies Ambilis
Form: medium to large evergreen 150 to 180 feet tall and 3 to 5 feet in diameter
Cones: 3 to 6 inches long barrel shaped and upright on the twig. Purple to purplish brown when mature
Leaf: Flattened linear 1 inch long spirally arranged
Prickly Current
Genuis Species: Ribes Lacustre Grossulariaceae
Form: erect shrub
Cones: 3 to 6 inches long barrel shaped and upright on the twig. Purple to purplish brown when mature
Leaf: Flattened linear 1 inch long spirally arranged
Western Larch
Genuis Species: Larix Occidentalis
Leaves: Linear, deciduous, yellow green in spring and golden in fall.
Bark: Young bark is thin scaly and gray brown later after becoming 3 to 6 inches thick it will become yellow to reddish.
Twigs: 1 to 1 3/4 inches long linear
Mountain Hemlock
Genuis Species: Tsuga Mertensiana
Form: High elevation evergreen conifer that grows 60 to 100 feet tall and 3 feet in diameter
Leaf: Evergreen flattened single linear spirally arranged 1/2 in to 3/4 in long
Lodgepole Pine
Genuis Species: Pinus ContortaPinaceae
Form: Shrub or tree 50 m tall
Flower: Males are yellow clustered at tips and females are reddish purple at the branch tips in the upper crown.
Needles: 1 1/2 to 3 inches long
Greenes Mountain
Ash
Genuis Species: Sorbus Scopulina
Form: Deciduous shrub growing to 15 feet tall forming dense thickets
Bark: thin shiny grayish green to grown
Leaf: Pinnately compound, Alternate, deciduous, and 1 to 2 1/2 inches long and sharply serrated
SubAlpine
Fir
Genuis Species: Abies Lasiocarpa
Leaves: Linear 1 inch long thick in the middle with blue and whie on all surfaces. Manicured appearance
Bark: Young bark is gray green and covered with resin. Mature bark is gray to white except near base of large trees
Pacific Dog Wood
Genuis Species: Cornus Nutalli
Leaves: Simple, deciduous, opposite, ovate 3 to 5 inches long with entire to wavy margins
Bark: Thin and gray smooth when young but breaks apart with age
Twigs: spreads horizontally and between nodes
Service Berry
Genuis Species: Amelanchier Alnifolia
Form: Erect shrub or small tree 40 feet tall and grows in clusters
Flower: Fragrant long white petals
Leaf: Simple, deciduous, alternate, 1 to 2 inches long and margin serrated
Big Leaf Huckle Berry
Genuis Species: Vaccinium Membranaceum
Form: small to medium sized shrub typicaly two to five feet tall
Bark: grayish brown
Leaves: bright red in the fall, alternate, ovate, fine saw toothed margin, deciduous
Flowers: Pale yellowish pink
Columbia Plateau Juniper
Sagebrush
Big Sage Brush
Genuis Species: Artemisia tridentataAsteraceae
Form: aromatic evergreen shrub 1.5 to 12 ft tall
Bark: younger is covered with trichomes that give the stems a silver tint older branches are stringy and dark brown
Leaves: Spiral clusters
Flowers: flowers are yellow and slender and form small clusters
Western Juniper
Genuis Species: Juniperus OccidentalisCupressaceae
Form: Small evergreen tree grows 20 to 60 feet tall and 1 to 3 feet in diameter
Bark: Mature bark is thin red brown but ages to a grayish brown and is thin
Leaves: Persistent with scale like and tight leaves
Bitter Brush
Genuis Species: Purshia tridentataRosaceae
Form: Shrub with a rounded crown 2 to 6 feet tall but can grow to 15 feet tall
Fruit: Leathery oblong achene .5 to 1.25 cm long
Leaves: Evergreen and alternate margins entire
Flowers: Yellow with spatula petals
Gray Rabbit Brush
Genuis Species: Chrysothamnus Nauseosus Asteraceae
Form: stems erect densely clustered
Fruit: Dry fruit cylindric and hairy achene
Leaves: Alternate entire .25 to 3.5 in long
Smooth Sumac
Genuis Species: Rhus Glabral Anacardiaceae
Form: 10 to 20 ft tall shrub sometimes a small tree with flattened crown
Leaves: pinnately compound deciduous leaves that become colforful in early fall on female plants yellow green flowers are first the red.
Purple Sage
Genuis Species: Salvia Dorrilamiaceae
Form: white scaly throughout the shrub
Fruit: Nutlet 1.8 in long ray to red brown
Flowers: blue purple or rose colored
Mock Orange
Genuis Species: Philadelphus Lewisii
Form: Deciduous shrub 11 ft tall
Fruit: Wody four celled capsule containing tiny seeds
Leaves: Ovate deciduous 2 veined from base glabrous to hairy
Flowers: Fragrant white flowers that develop on branches
Ceanothus Prostratus
Genuis Species: Prostrate Ceanothus Mahala
Form: 8 ft wide red brown
Leaves: Simple, alternate, persistent 1 to 2 in long leathery and ovate
Flowers: pink to white found in small clusters
Cheat Grass
Genuis Species: Bromus Teectorum
Form: grass