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Unit Packet Contents Unit Objectives

Notes 1: Waves Introduction

Guided Practice: Waves Introduction (CD pp 89-90)

Independent Practice: Speed of Waves

Notes 2: Interference and Diffraction

Concept Development: Wave Superposition (CD pp93 – 94)

Guided Practice: Doppler Effect

Notes 3: Reflection / Refraction

Independent Practice: Snell’s Law

Notes 4: Wave Phenomena

Textbook Assignment #1: DUE Friday 5/9/2014

Read: PP 372 – 387

Do Review Questions Pg 388 # 1-20

Textbook Assignment #2: DUE Tuesday 5/13/2014

Read PP 390 – 400

Do Review Questions PG 401 #1-20


Name__________________________ Regents Physics

Date_____________________

Notes: Waves Intro

Objectives:

1. Define the terms periodic wave, wave motion, transverse wave, longitudinal wave, and surface wave, and

provide examples of each.

2. Compare and contrast mechanical waves with electromagnetic waves.

3. Define the terms period, frequency, amplitude, and wavelength, and solve problems that relate these

quantities to wave speed.

Vibrations

A vibration is considered to be a ________________ in time.

A vibration cannot exist in one ____________ but must move back and forth during a period of _______

Systems that vibrate:

o _________________ - A swinging bob at the end of a string.

o Mass on the end of a ____________

Pulses and Waves

Wave -- ________________ being transferred through a medium without the net movement of

_________________.

Pulse -- A _____________________________ of a medium that is not repeating

Periodic Wave -- (Wave train) A disturbance of a medium that ____________________

_________________________

Waves transfer _______________ . . .

When the wave reaches the duck the duck moves ____________________ but not ______________ so . . .

. . . waves do not transfer ________________

energy

mass

single disturbance

repeats in a regular interval energy

wiggle

instant time

Pendulum

spring

a regular interval

up and down forward

matter


Wave Description

Motion of a pendulum or a weight bouncing on a spring is known as __________________________

______________

Simple harmonic motion is motion that _________________ in a particular way.

Simple harmonic motion includes ___________________ and can be described by several characteristics.

How to describe a wave

Wavelength -- The distance from a point on a wave to the _________________ on the next wave

Amplitude -- The distance from the nodal line to the _______________________________of a wave.

Frequency -- The number of times the __________________________ in a given second of time. Units

waves/second = _______________ which is the same thing as _____________________

Period – The amount of time required for one ________________________.

Speed of a wave

o The ____________ at which the disturbance of the medium is traveling.

o Speed of a wave is related to the wavelength and the frequency by the formula:

fT

1

fv

v = speed of wave

= wavelength

f = frequency

crest or trough

medium is disturbed

simple harmonic motion motion

oscillates

wave motion

same point

hertz 1/s or s-1

complete oscillation

time rate

crest

trough

node

nodal

line

T = period (seconds)

f = frequency


Example 1: What is the frequency in vibrations per second of a 60-Hz wave? What is its period?


Types of Waves 1. Transverse Waves

A transverse wave is a wave that oscillates in a direction that is __________________ to the direction of the

motion of the wave itself.

Examples of transverse waves are:

2. Longitudinal Waves

A longitudinal wave is one where the medium oscillates in a direction __________________ the direction of

overall wave motion.

perpendicular

ocean waves, guitar

string, light waves

parallel to

On the following waves label:

1. direction of wave travel

2. direction of medium displacement


Name____________________________________ Regents Physics

Date_________________________

Independent Practice: Speed of Waves



Date_________________________

Notes: Interference and Diffraction

Interference

Wave Phase

Wave ________________ is used to compare __________________ on different waves.

On the following wave points A and B are ___________________, points B and C are

_______________________________ and points C and D are _________________________.

Superposition principle – Or Combining Waves

When two or more waves pass through the ________________________, the displacement at any point in the

medium is the ______________________________ by each wave,

1. Waves that are in phase and have the same frequency.

in phase

completely out of phase partially in phase

A B

C D

same medium

sum of displacements

phase 2 points


2. Waves out of phase, same frequency


3. Waves w/ different frequency

Beats

When two waves with very ____________________________ interfere they produce a new wave with

alternating high and low amplitudes.

High amplitude is heard as ______________________ and low amplitude as low volume.

Sounds like ___________________________

Diffraction

The ___________________________ of waves around a corner

Example: hearing sound waves when the sources is ______________________, Laser light bending around

a hair.

Opening for waves should be only slightly larger than the _______________

of waves passing through.

The pattern in the diagram represents wave ____________ and

_______________ or bright and dark wave fronts.

Bending

high volume

WA – WA – WA – wa – WA – WA - WA

around a corner

wavelength

crests

troughs

hair

laser light rays

screen

similar frequencies

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Iuv6

hY6zsd0

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-

8a61G8Hvi0

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Iuv6hY6zsd0

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Iuv6hY6zsd0

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-8a61G8Hvi0

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-8a61G8Hvi0


Double slit experiment

When a wave pattern is passed through 2 adjacent slits,

____________________ occurs at each slit.

Alternating constructive and destructive

____________________ results in a projected

___________ and ______________ pattern on a screen.

diffraction

interference

dark light


Doppler Effect

Occurs when a wave producing source and an observer are in motion relative to one another.

In diagram A above the source of sound is ______________________________

Observer A and B both hear the same frequency as the frequency that is ______________

Note the wavelength is ______________ at all points surrounding the source

In diagram B above the source of sound is moving to ________________ at constant speed.

Observer C hears a _______________________ than the source is emitting.

The wavelength of sound waves the observer C hears is _____________________

Observer D hears a ______________________ than the source is emitting.

The wavelength of sound waves the observer D hears is ____________________

stationary

emitted

equal

Higher frequency

lower frequency

shorter

longer

the left


Guided Practice: Doppler Effect


TTQ’s: Wave Properties, Interference, Diffraction



Date_____________________

Notes: Reflection/Refraction

Objectives:

1. Define wavefronts and use rays to represent wave motion.

2. Explain reflection and state the law of reflection.

3. Explain refraction and use Snell’s law to predict the path of a refracted wave.

4. Explain wave diffraction.

Wave Motion:

Fronts

Wave fronts are portions of a wave in which particles are all in the ______________________ of motion.

Rays --

A ____________________________that shows the direction of a wave’s motionReflection

Reflection of a wave pulse

When a wave strikes a surface it _______________________ of the surface changing its path of motion

The reflected pulse has the medium displaced in the ________________________ compared to the incident

pulse.

According to Newton’s 3rd law, when a force is exerted on an object, the object exerts an

________________________________________________.

The rope exerts a force on the brick wall so the brick wall exerts a force on the rope in the opposite direciton.

same phase

line or arrow

bounces off

opposite direction

equal force in the opposite direction


Incident angle

Not all lines are normal

A normal line is a line drawn __________________________ the reflecting surface at the point of the

__________________________

Incident angle -- The angle between the _____________________ and the

__________________________and the reflected angle is for the reflected wave

Law of reflection -- Angle of incidence is ___________________ angle of reflection.

ri

Refraction

Imagine a marching band marching across a _________________________ and then onto a

__________________.

Each marcher individually will march _____________ in the grass than on the pavement.

Consider each line of marchers to simulate a ______________ for a wave.

If the marchers march onto the grass at a ________________ to the

interface between the pavement and the grass.

o Lines of marchers will become ____________________

as marchers in front ______________ before marchers in

back.

o The band as a whole _______________ change direction.

If the marchers march onto the grass at an angle.

___________________.

normal line

perpendicular to

incident ray

equal to

reflected ray

paved parking lot

grass field

slower

wave front

90° angle

closer together

slow down

will not

less than 90°

θi = angle of incidence

θr = angle of reflection

http://webphysics.davidson.edu/physlet_resources/bu_semester2/c24_refract_model.html

http://webphysics.davidson.edu/physlet_resources/bu_semester2/c24_refract_model.html


o One end of each line __________________ before the other end.

o The band as a whole will _________________________

When a wave traveling through a medium strikes the ________________________ to a new medium the ray

splits into _____________________________

One part is _______________________________ of the boundary and continues to travel through the first

medium

o On the diagram below draw the reflected ray on the Crown glass surface.

The other part is transmitted into the new medium and as it enters the different medium, the

___________________________ changes which causes the wave to ________________________.

o On the diagram below draw the ray that is transmitted into the Crown Glass

The __________________________ of the wave depends on the wave source which does not change.

o The frequency of the wave in the Crown Glass is ____________________________ the

frequency of the wave in Air.

If the speed of the wave changes and since v=f than the _____________________ must also change

To describe this process we define the following

o A ______________________________ is an imaginary line drawn at the point where the ray

meets the boundary and perpendicular to the boundary.

o The ______________________________ ray makes with the normal is the angle of incidence

o The angle the _______________________________ makes with the normal is the angle of

refraction.

Label the diagram with Incident ray Incident angle θi Not θi

Normal Medium interface Refracted ray Not θr

Refracted angle Reflected ray Reflected angle θr

change direction

frequency

slows down

change direction

boundary

two parts

reflected off of

speed of the wave

frequency

the same as

wavelength

normal line

angle that the incident

refracted

Air

Crown

Glass

incident light ray

θi

Not θi Not θr

θr

reflected ray

normal

medium

interface

refracted ray


Snell’s Law

Relates the ___________________ to the _________________ ray for waves passing from one medium to

another.

Absolute index of refraction:

Index of refraction is characteristic of ______________________.

Describes refraction of ___________________.

Ratio of speed of light _____________________ to speed of light in the _____________.

v

cn

2

1

2

1

1

2

v

v

n

n

OR 2211 SinnSinn

If a light ray passes from a medium with lower refractive index to higher _________________

o The light ray ________________ in the new medium.

o The ray bends in a direction _______________ the normal.

If a light ray passes from a medium with higher refractive index to lower ________________.

o The light ray __________________ in the new medium.

o The ray bends in a direction __________________ the normal.

n = absolute index of refraction

c = speed of light in a vacuum

v = speed of light in the medium

(characteristic of medium)

in a vacuum medium

incident ray refracted

n1 < n2

slows down

towards

n1 > n2

travels faster

away from

Air

Crown

Glass

Water

the material - See REFERENCE

TABLES light waves



Date_________________________

Independent Practice: Refraction and Snell’s Law



Date_____________________

Notes: Wave Categories and Phenomena Objectives:

1. Explain the difference between mechanical waves and electromagnetic waves.

2. Define electromagnetic energy and discuss the parts of the electromagnetic spectrum.

3. Define the term polarization, and explain why polarization distinguishes between transverse and

longitudinal waves.

Mechanical vs. Electromagnetic waves Mechanical waves --

Need to travel through a ___________________________ like air, water etc.

Displaced particles displace __________________________as wave is propagated through the medium

Sound Waves are an example of mechanical waves

Speed of sound in air at STP is _____________

Types of waves are ________________________ consisting of _________________ and

___________________ existing in air molecules.

Electromagnetic waves --

Energy flow is changing _______________________________

Electric field and magnetic field traveling with waves _____________________ each other.

medium of matter

neighboring particles

electric and magnetic fields

perpendicular to

331 m/s

longitudinal waves compressions

rarefactions

compression rarefaction


Examples: light, microwaves, ultraviolet, infrared, x-rays, gamma rays.

Speed of light

All electromagnetic waves have the ___________________________ in a vacuum which is 3x 108 m/s

____________________________

Light travels _____________ in a material medium and its speed depends on the medium.

Since speed is constant and v = f, as frequency of light increases, wavelength __________________

Sample Problem 1: Find the wavelength of a red light photon that has a frequency of 4.05 x 1014 Hz.

Sample Problem 2: What is the frequency of a microwave that has a wavelength of 8.95 x 10-2 m?

Resonance

Every flexible body has a particular frequency called its ____________________________________

By exerting a periodic force on a body at its natural resonance frequency, the body will ________________

at this frequency and we say that resonance is occurring.

If the rate of the periodic force does not match the resonance frequency than resonance ________________

occur.

Resonance examples:

slower

decreases

natural resonance frequency

oscillate

will not

Tacoma narrows bridge 1940 Opera singer shatters wine glass with voice

See reference tables

lower energy

lower frequency

higher wavelength

higher energy

higher frequency

lower wavelength

same speed


Polarization of light

Imagine a beam of light pointed at an eye

Normal light rays consist of electromagnetic fields vibrating in _______________________.

A polarizing filter can remove all light rays except for those vibrating in one direction

Two polarizing filters together can block out __________________ of light rays.

Regular Reflection vs. Diffuse Reflection

Polished surfaces like___________________ produce regular reflection

Reflected rays are ______________________

Irregular surfaces, paper page etc.

Reflected rays emerge at _____________________.

all directions

nearly 100%

mirrors

parallel

all angles

Regular reflection

Diffuse reflection


TTQ’s Set 2: Reflection / Refraction

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