paisa project tracking school grants in nalanda district
DESCRIPTION
PAISA Project Tracking School Grants in Nalanda District. A Joint Study carried out by Accountability Initiative, NIPFP and ASER Centre. PAISA Project Overview. Basic Objective: How money is spent in CSS How allocations happen – Annual Work Plan How much is released by Centre and States - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: PAISA Project Tracking School Grants in Nalanda District](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081503/5681587a550346895dc5dc3a/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
PAISA Project
Tracking School Grants in Nalanda District
A Joint Study carried out by Accountability Initiative, NIPFP and
ASER Centre
![Page 2: PAISA Project Tracking School Grants in Nalanda District](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081503/5681587a550346895dc5dc3a/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
PAISA Project Overview
• Basic Objective: How money is spent in CSS• How allocations happen – Annual Work Plan• How much is released by Centre and States• How much is spent by State societies• How money moves down the chain (Centre-
State-District-Block-Service Provider)• How much reaches the delivery point and when• How much is spent and when• Can allocations, fund flow and expenditure be
made more efficient
![Page 3: PAISA Project Tracking School Grants in Nalanda District](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081503/5681587a550346895dc5dc3a/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Nalanda Pilot Study
• Sample of 100 schools• 50 randomly chosen schools from the whole
district• Additional 50 which are nearest to the first 50
schools (“neighbourhood schools”)• Carried out on March 25 – 26, just before the
end of the financial year• Questions relating to school infrastructure,
enrolment, teachers, school grants and “one-lakh” question
![Page 4: PAISA Project Tracking School Grants in Nalanda District](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081503/5681587a550346895dc5dc3a/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
School Infrastructure is old…
Years of School Operation
4
0
8
17
21
28
22
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
< 10 10 - 20 20 - 30 30 - 40 40 - 50 50 - 60 >60
Nu
mb
er
of
Sc
ho
ols
Maintenance and repair expenditure will be significant in order to improve the quality of school infrastructure
“Projected requirement of 3 lakh additional classrooms out of which only 61 thousand has been completed; SSA guidelines encouraged openingnew schools rather than expanding existing ones” (State Project Director, Bihar)
![Page 5: PAISA Project Tracking School Grants in Nalanda District](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081503/5681587a550346895dc5dc3a/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
PTR is over 40 in more than 90% of schools
7
2522
15
119
2
9
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
20-40 40-60 60-80 80-100 100-120 120-140 140-160 >160
No
of s
cho
ols
Pupil - Teacher Ratio
Significant increase expected in recurring expenditure on teacher salaries and training if PTR target of 40 is to be achieved.
Bihar govt has appointed nearly 2 lakh new teachers. At the same time, 15 lakh out of school children have been brought into the school system
![Page 6: PAISA Project Tracking School Grants in Nalanda District](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081503/5681587a550346895dc5dc3a/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Case Study: A Tale of Two Schools
![Page 7: PAISA Project Tracking School Grants in Nalanda District](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081503/5681587a550346895dc5dc3a/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Upper Primary School MaghraEstablished: 19391400 Students; 16 Classrooms; 19 Teachers;
New Primary School KharjamaEstablished: 2007108 Students; 3 Classrooms; 2 Teachers;
![Page 8: PAISA Project Tracking School Grants in Nalanda District](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081503/5681587a550346895dc5dc3a/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Normative Grants under UEE Program
School
Infrastructure Teachers School Maintenance
Classrooms: Rs 2,54,000 per additional classroom in UP and UPS both
Repair: Rs 75,000 for major repair in both PS and UPS
TLM: Rs 500 per teacher per annum in PS and UPS both
School Development Grant (SDG): Rs 5,000 per year per PS and Rs 7,000 per year per UPS
School Maintenance Grant (SMG): Rs 5,000 per year upto 3 classrooms; maximum of Rs 10,000 for more than 3 classrooms
Furniture: Rs 500 per child as a one time grant only for UPS which started before 2001
![Page 9: PAISA Project Tracking School Grants in Nalanda District](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081503/5681587a550346895dc5dc3a/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Tale of Two Schools – Moral of the Story
Grants ReceivedUEE Norms
Maghra Upper primary : Std 1 to
8
KharjanaNew
primary: Std 1 to 5
School Maintenance Grant
More than 3 classrooms:10000;
otherwise 5000
10000 5000
School Development Grant
Upper Primary: 7000
Primary: 5000
7000 5000
TLM grant to teachers500 per teacher
9500 1000
Total 26500 11000Grants per student 19 101Grants per student (without Teacher Grant)
12 93
Per Child Grant Ratio
With Teacher Grant 1: 5.3
Without Teacher Grant 1: 7.75
![Page 10: PAISA Project Tracking School Grants in Nalanda District](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081503/5681587a550346895dc5dc3a/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Following the money trail…….
Annual Work Plan
Approval of Allocation
Release of Funds
Expen-diture
Spillover
The first step is to unbundle the procedure of planning, allocation, release and expenditure of funds devolved through the scheme. The timeline of
the respective activities is also critical – delay in drawing up the plan leads to delays in activities down the chain, and consequently inefficiency
in expenditure at the level of the service provider
![Page 11: PAISA Project Tracking School Grants in Nalanda District](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081503/5681587a550346895dc5dc3a/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Understanding differences in regional performance
For our study, we chose Bihar since it shows weakness in both the performance parameters. Nearly 30% of funds released was not utilized, the plan size was 50% more than the actual expenditure
![Page 12: PAISA Project Tracking School Grants in Nalanda District](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081503/5681587a550346895dc5dc3a/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Resource Mapping Tool
I. Basic School Information
II. Teacher Information
District Block Panchayat Name of School
Type of School(p/up) Year of Establishment
DISE Code
Classrooms
New Classrooms
Repairs (April 07 to March 09)
Total Enrolment(b/g/t)
Total Children attending (b/g/t)
Teachers Drinking water (y/n)
Toilet (y/n)
Functional Toilet (y/n)
Girl’s Toilet (y/n)
Functional Girl’s Toilet (y/n)
Enrollment Std 1 Std 2 Std 3 Std 4 Std 5 Std 6 Std 7 Std 8
Attendance Std 1 Std 2 Std 3 Std 4 Std 5 Std 6 Std 7 Std 8
Name of Teacher
Designation When appointed?
Years in present school?
Qualifications What was your last month’s salary?
No. of days training (April 08 to March 09)
When? Where?
Teacher 1Teacher 2………………
![Page 13: PAISA Project Tracking School Grants in Nalanda District](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081503/5681587a550346895dc5dc3a/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
III. Grant Information
Type Receipts (Month) Expenditure (Month) If unspent, why? (Provide codes)
Whether sufficient(Yes/No)?
If not, what amount?When? How Much? When? How Much?
ClassroomMajor RepairSchool GrantMaintenance GrantTeacher GrantFurniture GrantGirl’s Toilet
Code: 1. money reached late; 2. no information on money transfer; 3. difficulty in withdrawing money from bank account; 4. no knowledge of type of grant for which money is transferred; 5. others (specify______________________________________)
IV. One Lakh Question“If school is given one lakh rupees, what would you spend that money on?”Type How Much ? How would you spend it?TextbooksClassroomsTeachersComputersLearning MaterialsFurnitureGirl’s ToiletBoundary WallAny other:
![Page 14: PAISA Project Tracking School Grants in Nalanda District](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081503/5681587a550346895dc5dc3a/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Schools Reporting Grants
SSA Grants
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
SDG SMG TLM
pe
rce
nta
ge
Receiving
Spending
Insuff icient
Receiving : Schools that have received SSA grants until 26th March, 2009Spending : Out of those who have received grants, schools that have spentInsufficient: In respondent (mostly headmaster) opinion, whether grant amount sufficient for the purpose or not
![Page 15: PAISA Project Tracking School Grants in Nalanda District](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081503/5681587a550346895dc5dc3a/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
School Development Grant - Receipt and Expenditure
10.915.2
58.7
80.4
97.8 100
0 2.2 4.4
15.3
52.3
100
0
10
2030
40
50
60
7080
90
100
Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar
Cu
mu
lati
ve %
Received
Spent
Top line: Timeline of grants receivedBottom line: Timeline of grants spent
Grants transferred through cheque from District to Block to SchoolEarliest transfer recorded in October
![Page 16: PAISA Project Tracking School Grants in Nalanda District](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081503/5681587a550346895dc5dc3a/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
School Maintenance Grant - Receipt and Expenditure
11.1
20.0
62.2
82.2
95.5100
0.0 0.06.7
20.0
53.3
100
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar
Cu
mu
lati
ve %
Received
Spent
First SMG expenditure reported in December
80% report expenditure between January and March
![Page 17: PAISA Project Tracking School Grants in Nalanda District](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081503/5681587a550346895dc5dc3a/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Teaching Learning Material - Receipt and Expenditure
11.116.7
55.6
79.7
96.4100
0 1.9
13.0
24.1
68.5
100
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar
Cu
mu
lati
ve %
Received
Spent
Similar receipt pattern, but slightly better expenditure timeline
TLM is spent at the discretion of the teachers and Headmaster
Difference with SDG and SMG maybe due to easier spending norms
![Page 18: PAISA Project Tracking School Grants in Nalanda District](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081503/5681587a550346895dc5dc3a/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Systemic Inefficiencies: Reason why grants are unutilized
Reason for not spending
SDG SMG TLM
Number % Number % Number %
Lack of Time 12 57.14 16 39.02 10 45.45
No Information 2 9.52 2 4.88 2 9.09 Difficulty in
withdrawing money 5 23.81 6 14.63 5 22.73 Administrative and
VSS Problems 2 9.52 17 41.46 5 22.73
Total 21 100 41 100 22 100
VSS: Vidyalay Shiksha Samiti – Community groups set up under SSA to monitor civil works, grants and teacher presence, identify out-of-school children, and organize mid-day meals
Administrative problems included teacher absence due to training, deputation for examination duties and updating voter list
![Page 19: PAISA Project Tracking School Grants in Nalanda District](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081503/5681587a550346895dc5dc3a/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Responses to “One-Lakh Question”
13
52
68
34
42 42
19
41
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Boundarywall
Girls toilet Furniture Studymaterials
Computers Teachers Rooms Subjectbooks
Nu
mb
er
of
Sc
ho
ols
Type of Expenditure in One-Lakh Question
Headmasters/Senior Teachers were asked about the problems faced by the school. Theywere then given a hypothetical situation where the school gets a grant of one-lakh rupees.Investigators were asked to probe the question and get a combination of two or more categories. Each expenditure had to be backed by unit cost calculation. For example, if schools asked for furniture, cost of each desk, chair or bench had to be stated. This question was asked to ascertain the real need of the school vis-à-vis the SSA grants
![Page 20: PAISA Project Tracking School Grants in Nalanda District](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081503/5681587a550346895dc5dc3a/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Summary of amount asked for by Schools in different categories
02
0,0
00
40,0
00
60,0
00
80,0
00
100
00
0
Subject Books Rooms
Teachers ComputerStudy Material FurnitureGirls Toilet School Boundary
![Page 21: PAISA Project Tracking School Grants in Nalanda District](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081503/5681587a550346895dc5dc3a/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Lessons Learnt
• What works?– Good sampling strategy– Repeated pilots of survey tool– Background research on the sector to identify the PETS issue– Highlighting interesting case studies– Simple graphs, not too many cross-tabulations– Clear advocacy agenda
• What doesn’t work?– Complicated survey tool– Investigators without local knowledge/contacts– Lag between collection, analysis and dissemination– Only critique, no suggestion to make things better