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DETAILED PROJECT REPORT FOR IWMP‐I‐DOIMUKH & BALIJAN CD BLOCKS

UNDER PAPUM PARE DISTRICT,

ARUNACHAL PRADESH

UNDER INTEGRATED WATERSHED MANAGEMENT PROGRAMME

Chapter I

INTRODUCTION:

Arunachal Pradesh is situated in the North Eastern Border of India stretching between longitude 90 0 to 30 ’ E and 97 0 30 ’ E and latitude 26 0 28 ’ N and 29 0

31’ N. It spreads over an area of 83,743 sq. km touching the international boundary with Bhutan in the West, China in the North and Myanmar in the South­ East. On the south, it is linked with Assam & Nagaland. The State consists of 16 District,45 Sub­Divisions and 172 administrative circles with population of is 10,97 ,968 as per 2001 census The State registered a decadal population growth rate of 27.0 during the decade 1991­01.

This district was born on 22 nd September’ 1992 & includes the state capital, Itanagar. It is situated between 26 0 55 ’ to 28 0 42’N & 92 0 41 ’ to 94 0 37’ E .It spreads at an area of 2875 sq.km bordering Kurung Kumey on North, Assam in the South, Lowes Subansiri to East & East Kamengon the West. It has 2

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subdivisions, 11 administrative circles with 5 CD Blocks with population of 1,22,003 as per 2001 Census. The district registered a decadal growth rate of 67.6 during the decade 1991­01. The district Hq is located at Yupia, which is 20 km away from Itanagar.

TOPOGRAPHY:

Papum Pare District is a mountainous tract. On account of the existence of the hill ridges and the valleys its topography assumes typical character. The hill ridges are situated haphazardly. As soon as one ends the other ridge starts either parallel or in opposite direction. At these intervals the wide or narrow valleys get the foothills constituting 20 per cent to total geographical area of district. The wide and narrow valleys share 35 per cent each to total geographical area. The rest about 10 percent is the snow clad peaks. Due to typical topography the rivers are undulated. There are numerous streams and rivers and are drained by principal rivers Ganga,Pachin,Poma & Dikrong etc. These principal rivers of the district are drained by the westerly flowing Brahmaputra. These rivers have rendered the human habitations into geographical isolations. At the same time these rivers possess high hydro­power potential. It could be developed as a good industry. The vast natural resources have drawn the attention of the Government during recent years.

POPULATION CHARACTERISTICS:

Papum Pare under present reference is exclusively a tribal district. Major tribes are: Nyishi & other tribes of 16 districts and floating population of of general category engaged exclusively on business & labour classes.

LAND USE:

The land – based enterprises support a large segment of population in the district. The land­based enterprises particularly the cultivation of field crops as well as horticulture crops is considered a critical determinate of the pace of overall economic development. The efficient use of land resource, therefore, assumes singular significance with respect to planning of economic activities.

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It is sparsely populated with 35 persons per sq.km. Plenty of land is available to the tribesman as natural gift although there is no land record, the land ownership can be classified under three broad heads: (1) community ownership (2) clan/Individual ownership and (3) Govt. Ownership.

DRAINAGE SYSTEM:

The drainage system of Arunachal Pradesh is still in an evolutionary stage and, therefore, is immature and is controlled by the main ranges of the Greater as well as Lesser Himalayas in the Western parts and the frontal ranges and Mishmi hills of the Eastern parts of the State. The main ranges, peaks, passes, escarpments of these mountains of the Greater Himalayas play a great role in developing the drainage patterns and acting as ‘water divide’ by following the National as well as International boundary between India and China (Tibet). There are five well –delineated boundary river system which are the part of Brahamputra system. The administrative boundaries at district level cincide with the river­basin boundaries in the state. The Kameng, Subansiri, Siang, Dibang and Lohit­Tellu river system cover most of the part of the State. But they have different characteristics.

The drainage pattern is radial specially in the upper parts of the Greater Himalayan zone of Indo­Tibetan border. The radial patterns evolve because of their conical hills and round mountan peaks.

SUBANSIRI RIVER BASIN: It is the largest river system covering more than 20,000 sq km area of the central part of state except a small area of the Southern Part of Lower Subansiri district. It also includes the Dikrong river valley area at the foot­hills. This river directly joins the Brahamputra and forms separate geo­ ecological unit of an areal size of 1,614.6 sq km. The whole Subansiri basin has been divided into four sub­basins of an average size of 3,000 sq km, namely, the Ranga river sub­basin the khru, the Kamla and the main Subansiri river sub­basin. It is also quite large and, therefore, has been further sub­divided into three catchment and one interfluve as the Tsari catchment, Middle Subansiri and the Syee river catchment and the lower Subansiri interfluve

Overview of the District:

District Profile:

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Sl. Name of No. of Total Total Geogr­ Population (As per the 2001 Census)

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Male Female Total No. District Blocks no. of villages

no. of Gram Panch­ ayats

aphical area in Ha. SC ST

Ot her s

SC ST Ot hers

SC ST Othe rs

% of BPL to total popul­ ation

1. Papum Pare 5 267 338 287500 801 34,157 596 34,850 1397 69,007 68.03

(Source: Directorate of Economics & Statistics/Rural Development / Panch ayat, Itanagar)

Economic Development

The developmental experience of the district has been full of challenges. Apart from its late start, geographical remoteness and inaccessibility, hilly terrain, lack of infrastructure, population composition, and scarce resource base, the district has indirect effect of continuous insurgency at two districts (Tirap & Changlang), spending much of its resources on administration and related costs at the expense of development. Despite the progress made in a span of 37 years, Papum Pare economy still confronts many developmental challenges. Foremost among them are the difficult terrain, and inaccessibility to the rest of the world and continued insurgency at Tirap & Changlang ­ where huge chunk of resources are drained. These handicap the District’s endeavors towards industrial and entrepreneurial development, private sector partnership in spearheading development initiatives and all round planning.

The Gross District Domestic Product for the year 2007­08 is estimated at Rs.43,776 lakhs with a per capita income of Rs.33,014 against state per capita income of Rs 24,264.The infrastructure Development Index (IDI) of the district is low with the state at 140.22 against the all India average of 138. It continues to confront with many inadequacies in the areas of physical and social infrastructure. The pattern of infrastructure elements for socio­economic development in the district as on 2006­07 are­ Educational institutions: 218, No. of Medical (allopathetic): 71, Postal facilities: Headpost­1, sub­post office­7 & EDBPO’s­14, Market/haat facilities: At Rural/Urban areas,Cooperative­20 nos & others­142 nos, no. of Commercial banks:23 nos which includes SBI, Rural Banks, Co­operative Apex Bank & other branches etc.

For the development of such essential and critical areas, the district is constantly faced with acute financial and resource problems. One of the reasons for this state of affairs is the almost non­existent Tax base of the state. The tribal traditions and customs of the inhabitants have also been protected by special provisions in the constitution of India as a result of which, the state does not own any land unless purchased from the people or on compensation for specific purposes by the government.

Agriculture:

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Papum Pare has a gross cropped area of 7379.9 ha & net irrigated area of 4t82 ha as per census 2001. Though there have been remarkable achievement in the field of agriculture but the target of growth rate (in terms of value added) envisaged for the Xth plan could not be achieved due to unfavorable rain and other factors in the form of excess rain or no rain and drought like situation over the years. The average annual growth during the 2007­08 was estimated much below targeted growth rates of 4%. The average annual plan growth of food grains production has shown a declining trend over the yeas on account of following reasons:

• Recurring crop losses due to natual calamities in form of heavy rain, flood & moisture stress condition. • Low irrigation intensity. • Unavailability of terraced land in border and inaccessible areas. The cropping pattern of the district is charaterised by the dominance of food­grain crops. Paddy is a prinicipal foodgrain which occupies a major share of

GCA (70.61% in 2006­07). Maize and Millets are also important foodgrains which account for 17.91 % and 4.97% of the GCA in the district, while Wheat accounts for 1.218 % & Pulses at 2.97% in the cropping pattern. Beasuse of Sub tropical climate condition and fertile alluvial wet soils in the Papum Pare plains, oilseeds make up 45.97 % of commercial crops with Potato as the major crops which are grown for fulfilling the domestic demand. Zinger is also a commercial crop which occupies more than 14.59 % area of GCA & Chillies in 2006­07 in the district..

It recorded an average yield rate per hectare of 13.59 on HYV crops with Consumption of fertilizers 43.75 (NPK).It had a production of 1816 MT (1335 hectare) of fruits & 107 MT( in 106 ha) of Species during 2006­07, which exhibited decline in production due to discontinuation of maintenance related schemes like rejuvenation of old orchard, manures & fertilizers, P.P measures etc

In the light of growing economy, high population growth and food, nutritional and environmental security, priority in the coming years (XI th plan) will be concentrated to following objectives / development issues in order to achieve desire growth rate.

• Productivity to profitability through diversification. • Subsistence to commercial agriculture. • Bring more area under assured irrigation by creating additional irrigation facility. • Commodity oriented to farming system approach. • Local markets to export oriented. • Technology to eco­technology. • Mono­cropping to crop diversity by enhancing cropping intensity. • Exploitative to sustainable agriculture. • Raw material to value additional by creating processing facilities.

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• Technology generation and dissemination. The cropped area of the district with single/double/multiple cropping as per statement issued by DAO, Papum Pare is as follows:

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Power:

Papum Pare District has 2 towns, 232 nos of villages electrified which comes to the tune of 74.44 % as per 2001 census.

The state still suffers from a shortfall in its generation of power. Against the present requirement of 105 MW, the state’s own generation is a mere 66.33 MW only with a shortfall of 38.67 MW. This shortfall is presently met through purchases from other neighbouring states. State has also launched the Hydropower policy’2008 for development of 56,151 MW potential in a very eco­environment & people­friendly manner with no disturbance to ecology, avoiding submergence, displacement of people & consequent rehabilitation & resentment problems. The total number of villages electrified as on 2001­2002 was 2195 constituting 56.82 % of the inhabited villages. Per capita consumption of electricity was 95.63 Kws during 1996­97, as compared to the minimum of 80.4 Kws by Tripura and maximum of 192.80 Kws by Meghalaya among the north­eastern states

Transport & Communication:

During 2004­05 Papum Pare had 553.768 km of road length constructed by PWD with 360.675 km black topped, 103.399 km Water bound macadam & unsurfaced road length of 89.694 km constituting around 8.23 % of state road length. The road density per thousand sq.km of geographical area was 19.26 km. Whereas, the length of road constructed by BRTF / RWD / Forest Departments as on 2006­07 comes to 292.632 km ( B/T­ 67.426, WBM­8.70, Gravelled­ 85.406 km and unsurface – 131.10 km respectively). This gives additional road density per thousand Sq. KM of 10.17 km thereby, the total density goes up by 18.40 km per thousand sq km.

This is against total length of the roads in the state of Arunachal Pradesh during 2004­05 as 6724.140 Km. Of this, the total length of surface roads was 2081.122 Km, Water bound macadam was 1693.691 km and unsurfaced roads was 2916.805 Km constituting 30.95% and 25.188% & 43.37% respectively of the total road length in the state. The road density per thousand Sq. Km. of geographical area was 80.2 Km. The state has 32.522 Km. of National Highways . The current status of road network in the state is very poor as on 31 st March 2009 which stands at 21066.36 km with lowest road density of 25.16 km per 100 sq km.

The only means of intra­District movement being roads, paucity of all weather roads causes delay in supply of essential commodities leading to cost escalation particularly during monsoon. Connectivity to Administrative centres and far­flung remote and inaccessible areas are established by maintaining helipads and ALGs. The Pawn Hans, jagson and army sortie services are pressed into for these jobs. There is heavy involvement on account of flying, upliftkeepment and maintenance of existence helipads by District administration.

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As of 2006­07, the district had only 22 nos of suspension bridges to water gap constructed by RWD with no of bridges constructed by PWD / BRTF but much more is steel needed to be done. The Issues for concern are temporary bridges (log / Bailey/ steel) water gaps require RCC bridges to facilitate movement for heavy vehicles which would boast development for tourism and exploration of mineral for the District.

Irrigation:

Papum Pare has 383 ha irrigation potential created with 2 nos of canals, 20 ha of area irrigated more than once,149 ha net area irrigated & 169 ha of gross area irrigation as as on 2006­07. This figure has risen to 773.64 ha irrigated with rain fed area of 25,014.36 ha as per latest information from DAO, Papum Pare. District economy being largely agrarian, irrigation is to play vital input, increased agricultural output to keep pace with food requirement and population. Owing to frequent occurrence of natural calamities – heavy rainfall, land slides, flood etc. emphasis is to be given to creation of extensive irrigation facilities so that dependence on nature and uncertainty in agricultural production would be minimized. This is against State irrigation potential of 1.03 lakh hectare created since inception. Expansion of irrigation facilities and control of flood menace, utilization of ground water potential tapping thereof at higher scale and common area development works need be taken up in a big way to bridge the huge gap of above 60% between creation and utilization of irrigation potential in the State.

The district in addition to the state has prioritized­

• Adaptation of technically advanced moisture conservation method of irrigation like sprinklar and Drip in water scare area for orchards, tea and vegetable garden.

• Undertaking Ground water survey and exploitation of ground water for irrigation in the foothill areas of the State.

• Maximizing utilization of created potential through augmentation, renovation and proper maintenance of irrigation projects and other Command Area Development works.

• Peoples’ participation in the management of M.I. Projects for better utilization of potential.

• Survey of flood zones for involving comprehensive flood management – long / short term.

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Large irrigation in a compact area for the district is not possible owing to undulating topography. However medium irrigation projects at foot hill belts are to be taken up. There is acute need of resource support of centre for reconstruction and rejuvenation of irrigation structures along with taping of ground water potential and appropriate centrally sponsored scheme is imperative

Role of watershed management in the District:

In Papum Pare District, the high prevalence of shifting cultivation, also known as Jhum, forms the major cause of wastelands. With the rapid increase in population, the jhum cycle has now been reduced to 5­8 years and the previously uncultivated and steep land is being taken into the jhum system. This results in accelerating both on site and off site degradation due to erosion, runoff, nutrient losses, siltation, loss of bio­diversity and disruption in watershed hydrology. In spite of several attempts made in the past by the State Government to wean people away from this practice, majority of the people continue to practice jhum and the total area put under this system continue to increase rapidly, thereby causing natural resource degradation.

Having realized the gravity of the problem of natural resource degradation and the urgency of evolving a strategy for management of the land, various Centrally Sponsored Schemes of Watershed Programme has been taken up in the district. With the implementation of Watershed Programmes, the vast jhum land which lies barren, are being reclaimed for afforestation, horticulture, cash crop cultivation thereby providing subsistence for the farmers and also various soil and moisture conservation measures are being incorporated in the programme. The programme being community­based, a sustained community action for operation and maintenance of assets have been created and further development of the potential of the natural resources in the watershed is encouraged. The poorer sections of the society are also benefited by enrolling themselves as part of the Self Help Group, User group whereby various income generating activities are taken up.

The DRDA, Papum Pare with Block Development officers as PIAs under department of Rural Development has been implementing Centrally Sponsored Scheme of Integrated Wastelands Development Programme (IWDP) under which grant­in­aid is provided from the Ministry of Rural Development, Department of Land Resources, for development of wastelands on watershed basis directly to DRDAs. This is one of the major watershed programme implemented in the state. Under District Agriculture Department watershed projects have also been taken up, viz.,NWDPRA ­6nos(3000ha) & WDPSCA­2nos(1000ha).

A total of 6 projects have been sanctioned so far by the Government of India covering total watershed area of 29,200 ha. Out of which, three project s are under Doimukh CD Block covering an area of 18,600 ha & one project covering 7600 ha under Sagalee & Balijan.

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The expected outcomes as a result of the implementation of the watershed programmes are as follows :

1. Increase in productivity of the land. 2. Create employment opportunities 3. Raise rural incomes and living standard 4. Reduction in migration from rural areas 5. Increase in water table in the area 6. Restore ecological balance and overall environmental improvement.

Chapter 2

Agro­climatic zones :

Papum Pare District Hq at Yupia situated in between 363 m (Naharlaun) & 459 m (Itanagar) above mean sea level has a climate characterized by mild summers & moderate to Severe Winters. The mean annual precipitation ranges from 2700 to 4300 mm. Generally there is no period when the water requirement is more than the water supply (precipitation). The availability of moisture to the crops generally exceeds 270 days a year.The region is typified by ‘ Udic’ soil moisture regime. The mean annual soil temperature (MAST) varies between 18 degree centigrade to 22 degree centigrade, the region qualifies for ‘Thermic’ temperature regimes.

The climate prevailing at the district experience sub­tropical & Temperate at different administrative locations. At Doimukh we come across Sub­tropical climate which affects the project area also. 80 % of the district falls under Thermic Humid (Mid­Hills & Valleys), 12% under humid Hyperthermic(foothills) & 8 % under Alpine & High Hills agro­climatic sub­regions. It has summits & ridges,Steep side slope, moderately sloping side slope & narrow interhill valleys.

Shifting cultivation is the traditional farming practice of tribal community in the region. Rice is the dominant crop grown in narrow valleys & hill terraces followed by maize, millet ,pea, beans, potato & vegetables.

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Rainfall Distribution:

Precipitation is the most important element of climate which accelerates hydrological processes and also generates water resource in an area. Its seasonal variations and distributional pattern are of vital concern to assess the amount and quality of the available water for various users. The district with continuous supply of water in the main river channels with a more than three­fourth share of annual rain precipitation during the Summer (may to September). As a result, there are significant seasonal imbalances recorded in the spatial distribution of rainfall.

On account of complexity prevailing in the relief features and drainage systems, the distributional pattern of annual rainfall are also complex. The low land areas of Itanagar receive annual rainfall exceeding 3284.4 mm on an average. Even the close valley in the lower parts of Papum Pare receive more than 2700 mm of average annual rainfall.

Soil:

The district has soil strongly to moderately acidic in nature ( PH 4.5 to 7.2), rich in organic matter content (0.8 to 5.2% OC) which declines sharply with depth. The soils of Summit to ridges are mostly shallow to deep, loamy skeletal to sandy­sketal excessively drained & subject to severe erosion hazards. Soil shows lack of profile development (A/C horizons) . On moderately steep side slopes of hills, moderately shallow to deep, well to somewhat excessively drained, loamy­ skeletal/clayey, fine­loamy to fine particle classes with very severe to moderate erosion hazards. On moderate slopes are deep, well drained, fine/ fine­loamy, clayey/loamy skeletal in particle size classes & moderately eroded. Soil are well developed.

Due to excessive precipitation & low temperature, Steep hill slopes & tectonically disturbed in conjunction with human interference on vegetative cover for long, these soil suffer from 1). Soil erosion & landslides,2).Limiting soil depth in steep hill slopes,3).Soil acidity & 4). Low CEC & poor base­status of the soil.

These acidic soils are rich in organic matter with high rainfall & cold climate favour the plantation of different temperate & sub­tropical fruits like pears, Peech, Plum, Apple, Tea & Pineapple cultivation at foothill in addition to vegetables

Details of Agro­climatic zones in the District:

1 2 3 4 5 6

Major crops (2006­07) S.No Name of the Agro­

climatic zone

Area in Ha.( State)

Area in Ha( Distt.) a)Name b)Area

in Ha. 1. Prehumid

Hyperthermic (foothill) 1508928 P/Pare­

34,500 2. Thermic Humid(Mid­

Hills & Valley) 1410436 .7

P/Pare­ 2,30,000

3. Alpine & High Hills 986775 P/Pare­ 23,000

Average rainfall in mm

(preceding 4 years average): 3284.4

Paddy Maize Millet Pulses Wheat Oilseeds Potato Ginger Chillies Turmeric

10180 2500 695 415 170 400 292 100 6315

(Source: Directorate of Agriculture, Naharlagun, Soils of AP by SLUB, Itanagar ,Statistical Abstract of

AP’2007,Resource Atlas of AP’1999.)

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Rainfall

Papum Pare falls within the range of heavy rainfall as compared to the average of the country. Usually the rain sets in from the month of March and lasts upto September. The month of December usually escapes rainfall. During January the rainfall is experienced. In the month of February there is comparatively more rainfall as compared to January. The months of June and July experience the highest rainfall. In this regard may be noted that 90% of total rainfall is experienced during the monsoon i.e. from May to September. The rest 10% rainfall is spread over from December to April.

Details of average rainfall and altitude recorded at the District headquarters

1 2 3 4

S.No. Name of the District

Average rainfall in mm (preceding 4 years average)

Altitude ( in m above sea level)

1 P/Pare (IItanagar)

3284.4

(Source: D.E&S/ C.E., RWD,Itanagar.)

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Chapter 3

Demography and land distribution – an overview

The population of Papum Pare is 1,22,003 according to 2001 census and is scattered over 2 subdivisions, 11 administrative circles with 5 CD Blocks and 267 villages. It has the density of 14 persons per sq. km. The population of the District had a decadal growth rate of 67.6 over the period 1991­2001. The sex ratio of the district is at 901 females to 1000 males is lower than the state average of 893. The literacy rate of is 69.3 as per 2001 census against 54.3 of the state. The rural population constitutes about 49.147 % against state average of 79.3 % in 2001 indicating migration taken place from rural to urban areas. The main reasons for migration are better job opportunities, access to educational institutions and health care facilities. The total work force in various categories in the District is about 29,086 nos as per 1991 & density is 16.67 nos per sq.km with dependency ratio of 2.58 nos non­workers per worker. There are many distinct tribes inhabiting the area comprising tribes from all 16 districts & Nyishi as main local inhibitants of the district.

Sl. No. Demographical features 1981­District 1981­Doimukh & kimin

39,736

29,735 1991­ Distt.

1981­Doimukh & kimin

72,811

59,716

1 Population

2001­Distt.

2001­Doimukh

2002­Doimukh – Kimin & Balijan

1,22,003

9890

13,852 +8360=22,212

2 Per capita availability of land 2.356 Ha. 3 Sex Ratio 67.6 4 Population age group All ages for Distt :1,22,003 (M­

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64,184 & F­57,819)

All Ages in block: 9890 (M­5161 & F­4729).

5 Literacy 50.85 Migration N.A.

Main workers 29,016 Marginal Workers

202

Non­Workers 42,523

6 Work force available in different sectors of economy (1991)

Work force Density (workers/ sq.km)

16.67

7 ST Population(Census 2001) 69,007 8 BPL: Distt & Doimukh 68.03% & 61.99%

9 Landless families NIL but marginal farmers are available.

(Source: Directorate of Economics & Statistics, Itanagar & Resource Atlas of A.P’1999.)

Land reform measures & Operational land holdings in the disrict :

In Papum Pare Distric , Doimukh & Balijan CD Blocks in particular the problem of fragmentation of land holdings is not an issue on account of the peculiar pattern of land­ownership, tenure and land use prevalent. The ownership of land and the individual rights are governed by customary laws of the community. Due to the unique ownership and management system of the Arunachalees, there is little or no alienation of the people from their land and resources and therefore, even farmers, despite their poor economic condition can be considered resource­rich. A comparatively low population pressure, high regeneration

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rate of natural resources, community­based natural resource management initiatives and projects like the watershed programmes have all further created opportunities for other economic activities to take place and contribute to the overall development of the district.

The cultivable land is the most valued form of property for its economic and symbolic significance. It is a productive, wealth­creating and livelihood­ sustaining asset. It also provides a sense of identity and rootedness because it has durability and permanence, which no other asset possesses. Over and above this, the ancestral land has a symbolic meaning, which purchased land does not. Moreover, there are different rules for devolution of ancestral and self­acquired land. The society is based on patrilineal descent; hence children take their social identity from their father and are placed in his agnatic group and familial unit. A female child’s membership of her father’s agnatic unit is neither permanent nor complete. Gender differences in group membership and social identity are closely connected with the patterns of inheritance and resource distribution. Property is inherited by the male heirs and transmitted through them. They have legal rights in ancestral property. The women have no share in such inheritance although acquired properties can be gifted to daughters also. It is widely believed that the daughters after their marriage come under the care of the husband’s clan and family. Largely because of this, in practice, no landed property was gifted to women although most of the work on the land was done by the womenfolk. In recent times, through the pioneering initiatives undertaken by few private and official, women are being allowed to own land.

Details of land holding pattern in the district:

Chapter 4

Land Use Pattern

Type of Farmers (No of Household) Land Holding in Ha Sl. No Name of district

Large Medium Small Marginal Landless

Total No.

No. of BPL

household Irrigated Rainfed Total

1. Papum Pare ­ 1068 (State) 4837 4784 570.26 5354.26

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The land ownership and management systems of the Arunachalee are unique and different from the rest of the country, where local customary laws govern the land. Such laws are tribe­specific where each tribe or even village has its own unique customary laws and traditions. These customary laws are usually not codified but have the constitutional sanction. The enforcement of these traditional laws and regulations rests on traditional village’s institutions such as village councils headed by Head Gaon Burah.

In Papum Pare vast area of land is unclassified and are under the community ownership, which may fall under any one of the recognized categories­ Private land, Clan land and Common land. The state government owns just remaining area.

Amongst Nyishi tribe, the land either belongs to the community or individual as custodian. In most community land, all members have a right to use it freely but with prior consent of the custodians. There are, however, restrictions on transfer or even use of traditional land by outsiders. Outsiders are people who do not belong to the community or clan. Jhum lands are usually owned by the community/ Clan/private gifted down by forefaters but regulated by the respective village councils for any dispute on account of boundary/ownership where the village elders inspect & provide views based on their knowledge of boundary & then village council under Head gam give the final decision which is allowed under Assam Frontier Regulation Act of 1845 & ratified by the Judiciary.

There is already increased privatization and individual ownership, especially of land under permanent cultivation such as wet rice cultivation, terraced lands, orchards, gardens, tree farming, bamboo grooves, etc., in the district. The practices and trends of land ownership differ largely depend on existing traditions, availability of land and interpersonal relationship with the traditional institutions .

Use status in the District :

The district has forest cover which may be either under forest Department, individual /clan /Community possession

(Area in Ha)

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14

Total rainfed(Agri)

area Sl. No. District

Geogr a­

phical Area

Forest Area

Land under Non­ Agril. use

a)culti vated

b)culti vable waste

Perm­ anent pasture s

Land under miscellan­ eous tree crops and groves

Current fallow

Oth er fall ow

Net sown area

Net area sown more

than once

Net irrig­ ated area

Gross croppe d area

Papum 2875 1,76, 340. 11,4 465 187.6 34,923.2 1434 78 130 7028.76 4784 18543

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Pare 00 944. 5175

290 47.0 9

45 34 5 53

(Source: Statistical Handbook of A.P­2007, Directorate of Economics & Statistics, Itanagar)

Irrigated areas:

Papum Pare is basically an agricultural district and all the resources depend upon the agricultural output. Water is evidently the most vital element in the plant life and is normally supplied to the plants by natural rain. However, the total rainfall in a particular area may be either inadequate or is ill­timed. Therefore in order to get the maximum yield from a crop, it is essential to supply optimum quantity of water to the crop and to maintain correct timings of water. This is possible only through a systematic irrigation system by collective water during rainfall and from natural sources and to release it to the crops as and when it is needed.

The district does not have major or medium irrigation project . The department of Water Resources Development in the district has undertaken the Minor Irrigation schemes which are most vital and very suitable for the district. The irrigation works are mostly meant to divert small hill streamlets to irrigate valleys used for rice cultivation. Most of the villages are scattered and perched on the hill­top and the cultivators traditionally cultivate the hill slopes either by making terraces or by jhumming. Irrigation is provided only in terraced fields wherever the facilities exist to bring water from the sources by gravity system through M.I. Channels. Due to non­availability of well organized irrigation system, a vast area of land both under forest and jhumlands, which if brought under permanent irrigation, the food grain production in the district could be raised enormously.

Irrigation Status (Area in Ha.) :

A comparative irrigation status of the district & source­ wise area irrigated in the state can be had as under­

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

Rainfed Sl. No. District

Gross cultivated area

Net cultivated area

Gross irrigated

area(Utilised)

Net irrigated area(Utilised)

Net irrigated % Area

% of net cultivated area

Papum Pare 19,929.02 6,873.455 4783 1526.98 22.2 25,014.36 77.78

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(Source: Statistical Abstract of Arunachal Pradesh ‘2007)

Source­wise Area Irrigated (Area in Ha.) :

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

Tanks Open wells Bore wells Lift irrigation Others (Pl.

specify) Total Sl. No.

Distri ct

Canal (Area)

No Are a No Area No Area No Area No Are

a No Area

1. Arunac hal Prades h

8735 (8375 nos)

117 57 24 100 ­ ­ 33336 3558 6

418 52

44478

(Source: Statistical Abstract of Arunachal Pradesh ‘2007)

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Common Property Resources (CPR) :

A major strength that Papum Pare society has inherited is the 'social capital'. There is strong social bonding and community spirit, and absence of caste and social discrimination. There is no landless household although the major proportion of land is held as either jhum land or community forestland which is regulated by the owner with village councils. The people have a strong bonding with the social institutions and resources which occupies the centre­stage of their daily life. The community resources and institutions such as forests, woodlots, ponds/tanks, community halls, churches, community grounds, Schools, Healthcare units, power, etc., are maintained in each and every village. The resources and institutions are managed by separate representative committees empowered to lay down rules and regulations for effective management and development. The resources and institutions are for common use subject to prior consent of the owner within the ambit of traditional laws and regulations of the respective village/tribe. The Villages under the project ( Jullang & Jote) and Assam Frontier Regulation Act’1845 also strive to exploit the traditional administration abilities of Village Councils for decentralization of developmental responsibilities to the local bodies. As envisaged in the Act, the constitution of Village Council to take on these responsibilities was formalized. The Village Council in collaboration with the Panchayats & elders formulate development priorities for the village, prepare action plans and execute them, using the village community or other funds. The Village Council provide elderly advices to village PRI/leaders in formulation of various developmental works in addition to conflict resolution of any property­individivual/community,social disputes etc & their decision is final & binding. The PRI is the authority to initiate steps for development works , grants­in­aid, matching cash grants, Jawahar Rozgar Yojana, NREGA, and other development and welfare programmes. In many places, the PRI/Village council’s performance has been exemplary. They have played a pivotal role in creation and maintenance of infrastructure in the villages– community halls, village roads, schools, water tanks, toilets, granaries, rice mills, community fishery ponds, community wells/tanks, culverts and suspension bridges, etc. Building on the rich social capital of the village communities and benefiting from this structural linkage, the Village council member and office bearers of traditional institutions can be involved in IWMP as they would be more devoted compared to elected/politically affiliated PRI members for pioneering micro­level development in imaginative, culturally appropriate and resource­efficient.

‐ 22 ‐

Details of Common Property Resources in the State ( Area in Ha)

1 2 3 4 5

Total area owned/in possession of Area available for treatment Sl. No.

Name of

District

CPR particulars

Pvt. persons

Govt. (specify dept.)

PRI Any other (pl. specify)

Pvt. persons

Govt. (specify dept.)

PRI Any other (pl. specify)

i. Wasteland/ Degraded land

7,27038 0 0 1090557.00

727038 0 0 689595

ii. Pastures 0 2056 0 1000 0 0

iii. Orchards 1145 0 0 572 0 0

iv. Village woodlot

0 0 0 0 0 0 0

v. Forest 1471457 22,49,152 0 1471457 735728 562288 0 70728

vi. Village ponds/ tanks

2550 0 0 0 0 1550 0 0

vii. Community buildings

2973.6 2478 2478 0 0 0 0

1 Arunac hal Prades h

viii. Weekly markets

1982.4 0 0 0 0 0

‐ 23 ‐

ix. Permanent markets

0 0 0 0 0 0 0

x. Temples/ places of worship

0 0 0 0 0 0 0

xi. Others 0 0 0 13,51,03 2

1,60,000 0 0 2,76,433

TOTAL 22,02,19 0

22,54,108 2478 39,15,52 4

1622766 59410 0 1036756

‐ 24 ‐

Details of Common Property Resources in the districts ( Area in Ha) 1 2 3 4 5

Total area owned/in possession of Area available for treatment Sl.N o.

Name of

District

CPR particulars

Pvt. persons

Govt. (specify dept.)

PRI Any other (pl.

specify)

Pvt. persons

Govt. (specify dept.)

PRI Any other (pl.

specify) i. Wasteland/ Degraded land

40,793.32 9883.78 11075.665 20959.44 5

40,793.32

ii. Pastures 9883.78 9883.78 10,503.89

iii. Orchards 7500.0

iv. Village woodlot

11075.665 10,100

v. Forest 52000 25050

vi. Village ponds/ tanks

10000

1 Papum Pare.

vii. Community buildings

14000

‐ 25 ‐

viii. Weekly markets

10,496

ix. Permanent markets

10496

x. Temples/ places of worship

10496

xi. Others 24000 14,813.88

Chapter 5

Trends in agriculture and food productivity

Papum Pare is an agricultural state. Agriculture falls in the priority sector in the district. Agriculture has traditionally been and continue to be the mainstay of the inhabitants. The numerous festivals are centered around agriculture and have their roots in cultivation practices. More than 80 % percent of the people are engaged in agriculture. Rice is the staple food. It occupies about 55.5 percent of the total cultivated area and constitutes about 75 percent of the total food grain production. Other crops include maize, Wheat, Milllet, linseed, potato, pulses, soyabean, sugarcane, jute, Ginger, Turmeric, chilly, etc. However, it is not self­sufficient in food and still depends on the import of food supplies from other states.

Agriculture is one of the significant contributors to the net district domestic product and is the largest employer of the workforce. It was the mainstay of the people of during 1950s, when almost 96.5 percent of the population was dependent on agriculture which has come down to 60.36

‐ 26 ‐

% during 1991 of the state. Though the dependency for employment on agriculture has declined it continues to be the main source of livelihood. Shifting and terrace cultivations remain the dominant forms of land use practice.

The widespread practice of Shifting/Jhum cultivation have caused the fallow, or idle period to be cut to a couple of years which has led to soil erosion and loss of soil fertility. Shifting cultivation covers over 50.03 percent of the total arable area of the State. It is concentrated in all the districts of the State except Tawang. In other areas, terraced rice cultivation (TRC) or combined Jhum and TRC are practiced in a limited scale. The food grain production in District has shown an upward trend with 38986 MT in 2006­2007 with 2793.493 kg per hectare as against 604153 MT with 1612.2 kg / hectare of the state. Non­traditional crops such as barley, spices, rubber are also gaining popularity in recent years, promising to convert agriculture from subsistence farming to commercially viable activity.

The land is extremely fertile and can produce the best quality of agro­based, horticulture and floriculture products through organic farming. The potential of the district becoming an ‘organic state’, and for exports and foreign exchange, is real. Strategic initiatives in the fields of animal husbandry, fishery and sericulture could result in generation of resources and overall development of the rural economy.

The major cash crops in the district are paddy,maize,millet,pulses, oilseeds, potato, ginger, chilly. The marketing of the cash crops are through local markets, entrepreneurs and APMCs in the state.

‐ 27 ‐

Crop production and productivity :

1. 2 3 4 5 6 Kharif Rabi Zaid

Area (ha)

Average Yield (Qtl) per ha.

Total Production (Qtl)

Area (ha)

Average Yield per ha (qtl)

Total production (qtl)

Area (ha)

Average Yield per ha (qtl)

Total producti on (qtl)

Sl. No.

Name of the District.

Name of crops

Irri Rf. Irri Rf. Irri Rf. Irri Rf. Irri Rf. Irri Rf. Irri Rf. Irri Rf. Irri Rf.

1 Rice 10180 22.30 22709 2 Wheat 170 12.50 306 3 Pulses 415 10.50 436 4 Maize 2500 18 4500 5 Millet 695 13 904 6 Tur 7 Potato 292 90 2266 8 Oil seed 400 10.80 372 9 Ginger 100 71.42 80 10 Chillies 63 14.76 96 11

Papum Pare.

Sugarcane (Source: Details of 2006­07 as per Statistical Abstract of Arunachal Pradesh­2007, Directorate of Economics & Statistics ,Itanagar)

‐ 28 ‐

Chapter 6

Implementation of watershed programmes in the District at present

a). Administrative structure for implementing watershed programmes in the District.

The Nodal agency for implementation of IWDP in the District level is headed by DC­cum­CEO with Project Director, DRDA assisted by Assistant Project Officers, Technical Assistants and other staffs. PIA is the BDO, CD Block assisted by Watershed Development Team Members.

Watershed programmes of other Ministries are implemented by other line departments such as NWDPRA & WDPSCA.

b). Area covered under watershed programmes in the District:

Under IWDP, a total of 7 projects have been sanctioned so far by GOI covering 126 villages across 5 Blocks covering a total watershed area of 29,200 Ha.

‐ 29 ‐

Status of district area covered under the watershed programme (ha)

(Note: The area delineated is more than the total geographical area as watershed boundaries cannot be cut in between which may overlap certain areas of Assam & neighbouring districts of the State)

1 2 3 4 5 Micro­watersheds covered so far

Dept. of Land Resources

Other Ministries/ Depts. Total micro­

watersheds in the District Pre­IWMP projects

(DPAP +DDP +IWDP) Any other watershed project

Total watersheds covered

Net watersheds to be covered Sl.

No. Name of district

No. Area (ha.) No. Area (ha.) No. Area (ha.) No. Area (ha.) No. Area (ha.)

1. Papum Pare 405 3,81,767.45

IWDP­6 Projects 29,200

NWDPRA :

06 nos (IX,X &XIth Plan)

WDPSCA:

02 nos

3000

1000

Total­ 4000

18+ 8= 26

33,200 405­ 26= 379

3,81,767.45 ­33,200= 3,48,567.45

‐ 30 ‐

Details regarding the watershed projects sanctioned by DoLR in the district:

1 2 3 4 Pre­IWMP scheme details S.No. Item Total

DPAP DDP IWDP 1 Area sanctioned in ha. (as per column 4 of

DoLR area in ha.) 29200 29200

2 Names of the District covered 01 01 3 No. of Blocks covered 5 5 (Doimukh,

Kimin,Balijan,Sagalee & Mengio) 4 No. of watershed projects sanctioned by DoLR 29200 6 nos 5 No. of projects completed out of those taken

at Row (4) NIL

6 No. of projects foreclosed of Row (4) 7 No. of on­going projects of Row (4) 06 06 nos 8 Area already treated by completed projects of

Row (5) 9 Area for treatment by on­going projects of

Row (5) 29200 29200 ha

10 Total area treated and under treatment (8)+ (9)

33,200 29200(IWDP)+4000(NWDPRA & WPSCA)

11 Area yet to be treated and proposed to be treated by DoLR (column 1­column 10)

NIL NIL

‐ 31 ‐

Details of the watershed projects implemented in the Distric with the financial assistance other than DoLR

1 2 3 4 Watershed schemes of other Ministries

S. No Item Total

Ministry of

Agricultur e GoI

Ministry of E & F, GoI

Planning Commission

NABAR D

State Govt. EAP

#Others (Pl.

Specify)

1 Area sanctioned in ha. 40,000 NWDPRA WDPSCA

NA NIL NIL NIL NIL NIL

2 Names of the districts covered 01 01 3 No. of Blocks covered 05 05 4 No. of watershed projects

sanctioned other than DoLR 06 06

5 No. of projects completed out of those taken at Row (4)

08 08

6 No. of projects foreclosed of Row (4)

­ ­

7 No. of on­going projects of Row (4)

06 06

8 Area already treated by completed projects of Row (5)

4000 4000

9 Area for treatment by on­going projects of Row (5)

10 Total area treated and under treatment (8)+ (9)

4000 4000

11 Area yet to be treated and proposed to be treated by other than DoLR resources (column 1­column 10)

NA NA

‐ 32 ‐

Details of pending UCs of the District as on 11/2009 :

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

Submission of UC

Date of submission of

UC Pending UCs

S. No. District Project Instl

l no.

Financi al year of

release of fund

Amount release d (Rs. in lakh)

Amount utilized (Rs.in lakhs) Due

date

Amount (Rs. in lakhs)

Date

Amou nt

(Rs. in lakhs)

Reasons for not

submitting/ delayed

submission of UC

Period

Amo unt (Rs. in

lakhs )

­NIL­

Details of Unspent balance as on Sept’ 2009 :

( Financial figures indicate cumulative releases made)

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

S. No. District Project Instal­ ment no.

Financial year of release of fund ( latest release)

Amount released (Rs. in lakh)

Amount utilized

(Rs.in lakhs)

Unutilised funds (Rs. In

lakhs)

1 Papum Pare Papum Pare ­ I 3 08­09 186.58 114.97 71.61

‐ 33 ‐

2 Papum Pare Papum Pare­II 5 08­09 229.01 223.98 5.03

3 Papum Pare Papum Pare­ III 3 08­09 327.50 226.57 100.93

4 Papum Pare Papum Pare­ IV 4 08­09 122.87 68.99 53.88

5 Papum Pare Papum Pare­V 2 08­09 49.19 13.22 35.97

6 Papum Pare Papum Pare­VI 2 08­09 73.86 32.11 41.75

Chapter 7

Strategy for implementation of Integrated Watershed Management Programme :

(IWMP)

a) Prioritization of available area based on the criteria as per the Operational Guidelines of DoLR

‐ 34 ‐

Micro­watershed delineation of Papum Pare District gave rise to total watershed area of 3,81,767.45 ha with 405 nos of micro­

watersheds ( MWS) which ranged from micro­watershed areas in hectares of > 500, >500<1000, >1000<1500, >1500<2000 & >2000 ha

respectively.

Based on the parameters envisaged in the guideline for implementation of Integrated Watershed Management Programme (IWMP), the

available watersheds of the district were ranked according to priority. For determining the parameters, peoples participation, Scope for developing

Water Harvesting Structures (WHS), availability of work force, numbers of people living Below Poverty Lines, Prevalence of wastelands, common

land and Jhum lands and Jhumians etc. were taken into consideration.

The net area available for treatment in the district is 1,47,098.2 ha and proposed accordingly for implementation under IWMP in the next 18

years in the State Perspective & Strategic Plan ( SPSP) duly approved by DOLR, GOI is shown as under :

Sl.no Plan wise treatment to be taken up as per SPSP approved .

Area to be treated (ha).

Remarks

1 XI Plan (2009­2010 to 2011­ 2012)

29,100

Block wise proposal for treatment available in

the watershed

map enclosed.

2 XII Plan (2012­2013 to 2016­ 2017)

43,650 ­do­

‐ 35 ‐

3 XIII Plan(2017­2018 to 2021 ­ 2022)

41,031 ­do­

4 XIV (2022­2023 to 2026­2027) 33,317.17 ­do­

Total for 18 years 1,47,098.2

Out of 15,575 ha finalized & submitted for sanction during 2009­2010 at 2 nos of CD Block under the district only 6720 ha (4520 ha­ Jullang

under Doimukh & 2200 ha at Jote under Balijan CD Block ) has been allowed for sanction in the Steering Committee Meeting Dated 28/10/2009

conducted at DOLR, GOI. The Steering Committee has reasoned non­performance (delay in implementation, UCs not forth coming , need of closing pre­

hariyali dormant projects etc) of the DRDAs in the State as the obstacles in allowing more projects. The SLNA has sanctioned the project vide NO.SLNA /

ITA /01 Dated 05/11/2009 based on Minutes of the Eight Meeting of the Steering Committee on IWMP held on 28/10/2009 circulated vide NO.Z­

11011/23/2009­PPC Dated 03/11/2009 ( copies enclosed ) .

The sanctioned project gives scopes of treatment of 6 nos of MWS (watershed polygon nos­7428,7426,7424,7420,7366 & 7329) as indicated in

the watershed map enclosed & strictly as per work­plan & activities identified as annexed in the DPR. The activities are to be concentrated on compact

basis at Jullang & Jote Villages. Nature of activities to be for common use of people for income /employment generation of landowner & people also.

The lists of SHGs & UGs are given in this DPR. The latitudes­Longitude of Jullang & Jote & adjoining project sites are to be taken by the GPS instrument

as a data base & deterrent to manipulation at the time of implementation­which will commensurate to the identified areas & to be exercised in the

presence of Watershed Committee & it’s Secretary with WDT representative. As the implementation will take place at cluster, the tentative areas (as

watershed polygon areas may not conform) & costs thereof will be 6720 ha respectively with expenditure accordingly.

‐ 36 ‐

The watersheds have been rationally & logically ranked in order of priority based on the parameters envisaged in the Common Programme

Guidelines. For the hilly states in the NER, shifting cultivation is predominant. As the programme is meant for such areas, it also becomes a determining

technical parameter for prioritization. Thirteen parameters have been formulated and weight ages are also conceptualized as hereunder­

Prioritization of project for sanction during the 2009­10 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

Weightage under the criteria#

S. No. District

Name of the

project

No. of micro­

watersheds proposed to be covered

Proposed project area (ha)

Type of project (Hilly/ Desert/ Others)

Proposed cost (Rs. In lakh) i ii iii iv v vi vii viii ix x xi xii xiii Total

1. Papum Pare

IWMP­I­ Doimukh CD Block.

6 no Jullang­ 4520 ha & Jote­ 2200

Total­ 6720

Hilly:6720 1008 7.5 10 5 5 0 0 5 5 15 10 0 5 5 72.5

‐ 37 ‐

# Criteria and weightage for selection of watershed S.No .

Criteria Maximum score Ranges & scores

i Poverty index (% of poor to population)

10 Above 80 % (10) 80 to 50 % (7.5) 50 to 20 % (5) Below 20 % (2.5)

ii % of SC/ ST population 10 More than 40 % (10) 20 to 40 % (5) Less than 20 % (3) iii Actual wages 5 Actual wages are

significantly lower than minimum wages (5)

Actual wages are equal to or higher than minimum wages (0)

iv % of small and marginal farmers

10 More than 80 % (10) 50 to 80 % (5) Less than 50 % (3)

v Ground water status 5 Over exploited (5) Critical (3) Sub critical (2) Safe (0) vi Moisture index/

DPAP/ DDP Block 15 ­66.7 & below (15)

DDP Block ­33.3 to ­66.6 (10) DPAP Block

0 to ­33.2 (0) Non DPAP/ DDP Block

vii Area under rain­fed agriculture

15 More than 90 % (15) 80 to 90 % (10) 70 to 80% (5) Above 70 % (Reject)

viii Drinking water 10 No source (10) Problematic village (7.5)

Partially covered (5) Fully covered (0)

ix Degraded land 15 High – above 20 % (15) Medium – 10 to 20 % (10)

Low­ less than 10 % of TGA (5)

x Productivity potential of the land

15 Lands with low production & where productivity can be significantly enhanced with reasonable efforts (15)

Lands with moderate production & where productivity can be enhanced with reasonable efforts (10)

Lands with high production & where productivity can be marginally enhanced with reasonable efforts (5)

xi Contiguity to another watershed that has

10 Contiguous to previously treated watershed &

Contiguity within the microwatersheds in

Neither contiguous to previously treated

‐ 38 ‐

already been developed/ treated

contiguity within the microwatersheds in the project (10)

the project but non contiguous to previously treated watershed (5)

watershed nor contiguity within the microwatersheds in the project (0)

xii Cluster approach in the plains (more than one contiguous micro­ watersheds in the project)

15 Above 6 micro­ watersheds in cluster (15)

4 to 6 microwatersheds in cluster (10)

2 to 4 microwatersheds in cluster (5)

Cluster approach in the hills (more than one contiguous micro­ watersheds in the project)

Above 5 micro­ watersheds in cluster (15)

3 to 5 microwatersheds in cluster (10)

2 to 3 microwatersheds in cluster (5)

‐ 39 ‐

For assigning the weightages under different parameters for different projects quantitative data already compiled and tabulated in the previous chapters qualitative information provided by project implementation agencies and also obtained from local enquiries are used rationally and carefully.

The status with regard to peoples’ participation and contribution are decided based on the present situation in Hariyali projects as well as other projects implemented in the village areas. Scope for water harvesting is decided from the stream network, flow available in the streams as well as feed back given by the WDTs of the project implementation agencies. The availability of safe drinking water to the concerned watershed community has been assessed from the data base of PHE Department and general views of the District Administrations and traditional institutions. Quality of Drinking water supply as per PHE Deptt. is as follows­

‐ 40 ‐

‐ 41 ‐

The ground water assessment of the project area by Water Resources Deptt. Govt. of Arunachal Pradesh too is as under­

The Census of India 2001 is utilized to know the workers population, agricultural labours and an understanding about the poverty level was made using such census data .

‐ 42 ‐

Wasteland statistics is taken as the base for grading the watersheds which is amply explained and also provided in tables in the earlier chapters. Similarly the settlement areas mapped during wasteland survey was used to give weight ages.

The wage rate in specific locations of the district is considered as per the information’s provided by the project implementing agencies, district authority and the local people. Need for wage employment is assessed from the above informations. The wage rate prevailing in some of the villages are Rs.80/­ to 90/­ for easy & tough places.

The jhum area both current and abandoned is available in terms of hectares within the project boundaries. The weightages given linearly proportionate the area under jhuming. Scope for weaving away of jhumias from jhuming was given as feed back by the WCDC, DRDA, Yupia /PIAs (BDO Doimukh & Balijan CD Block) and these informations are used for assigning weight ages corresponding to the parameters. These information which are both quantitative and qualitative have been used for assigning the weight ages for different projects.

‐ 43 ‐

Plan­wise phasing of physical (area in ha)

& financial (Rs. in Crore) targets of IWMP for next 18 years

Remaining period of XI Plan

(2009­10 to 2011­ 12)

XII Plan (2012­13 to 2016­17)

XIII Plan (2017­18 to 2021­22)

XIV Plan (2022­23 to 2026­ 27)

Total for 18 years

S.No District

Phy. Fin. Phy. Fin. Phy. Fin. Phy. Fin. Phy. Fin.

1. Papum Pare 29100 43.65 43650 65.47

5 41031 61.54

65 33317.

17 49.97 576

147098 .2

220.6 473

Year­wise phasing of physical (area in ha) &

financial (Rs. in lakh) targets of IWMP for remaining period of XI Plan

1 2 3 Remaining period of XI Plan

2009­10 2010­11 2011­12 Total Phy. Phy. Phy. Phy.

No. of projects Area

No. of project s

Area No. of projects Area No. of

projects Area S.No District

H&D O H&D O

Fin.

H & D

O H&D O

Fin.

H&D O H&D O

Fin.

H&D O H&D O

Fin.

1. Papum Pare 2 13000 1950 2 8100 1215 2 8000 1200 6 0

2910 0 0 4365

‐ 44 ‐

H&D­ Hilly & Difficult area; O­ Others

Details of Papum Pare and category‐wise

area proposed to be taken up under IWMP during next 3 years i.e upto 11 th Five Year Plan.

(Area in Ha.)

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Terrain of the proposed area Land use type of proposed area

S. No. District

Total area available for

treatment

Total area proposed to take up under IWMP in the next 3 years

Hilly Desert Others (Pl.

specify)

cultivated rainfed area

Uncultivated Wasteland

1. Papum Pare

Year (2009 to 2012)

28100 28100 28100 NIL 28100 NIL

Details of Papum Pare and category­wise area

proposed to be taken up under IWMP during next 3 years i.e upto 11 th Five Year Plan.

( Area in ha)

8 9 10

Ownership pattern of the proposed area No. of beneficiaries covered Identified DPAP/ DDP Blocks covered

DPAP DDP Private Commu­

nity Forest Others (pl.

specify)

Total area MF SF LF Land

less Total No. of blocks Area No. of

blocks Area

18467 64850.5 17825 0

25932.5 28750 0 844

113 0 318

NIL 6018 NIL NIL NIL NIL

‐ 45 ‐

( Ref: Statistical abstract of AP’2007)

Convergence of IWMP with other Schemes in the District:

The DRDA, Papum Pare / Blocks have been implementing IWDP programme out of the three programmes (IWDP/DPAP/DDP) of the

department of Land Resources, Govt. of India, Ministry of Rural Development alongwith other RD programmes. Attempts are being made to ensure

convergence of the programmes as envisaged under relevant guidelines. Hence, the scope of convergence with other schemes will be carried out where

ever possible especially with NREGA, IAY or any other area development programme although specific quantum of covergence to be taken up can not be

indicated .

Public ­ Private Partnership :

Economic growth and human development are interlinked. Papum Pare by focusing on economic growth can expect to reap benefits through increased levels of income, employment generation and reduction in economic disparities within the different regions of the district and the populace. Government’s role in making the investments cannot be understated but the limited availability of financial resources with the Government necessitates that private investment, both from within and outside the State, is encouraged. Harnessing of the resources and potentials of watershed programme require not only investments but also policy interventions to encourage such investments.

Out of the total geographical area of the district of 287500 Ha, about 82,392 Ha is degraded and 25014.36 Ha is rainfed arable land. This includes degraded land not only under private ownership, but also with the clans. All these lands are prioritized for development projects under Integrated Watershed Management Programme (IWMP).

The watershed area to be covered under IWMP programme is not sufficient to meet the required treatment demand of the district. The degraded areas which require immediate intervention for treatment cannot be executed by government alone within the plan period; therefore, innovative strategic planning is initiated with the simultaneous involvement of both government and private agencies. The integration of government and private agencies will results into maximum area coverage within plan period with substantial development in the micro­watershed.

The WCDC under DRDA, yupia & PIA (BDO, Doimukh & Balijan) & Watershed Committee under the guidance of SLNA will initiate public private partnership with private business houses with considerable expertise related to watershed development projects. The WCDC, DRDA (on advice of

‐ 46 ‐

SLNA) and the private agencies can enter into agreement through a legally enforceable Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) between the partners with clear entitlements and obligations of each partner. The private agencies with better access to marketing and financial institution can play vital role in technological inputs and scientific planning with their long time tested experience in project management.

Lack of marketing linkages has been one of the key disincentives to farmers in producing surplus. The private agencies can formulate marketing strategy to source out the products from the watershed areas to prospective markets, creating avenue for residual income.

Watershed Committee (WC) formed in the micro­watershed villages can be sensitized to implement the proposed projects and encourage for optimum utilization and management of resources in a sustainable manner.

However, the caution to be exercised while embarking on the path of economic development is to ensure that the resources available are used efficiently and in a sustainable and planned manner for equitable economic growth within a reasonable time­frame of 4 years which can be extended to a maximum period of 7 years subject to implementation as per provisions made in this DPR without any change once approved by SLNA.

Planning Process ­ Details of Scientific criteria/Inputs used in Planning

(A) PLANNING

Cluster approach:

A cluster of 6 nos of MWS (watershed polygon nos­ 7238,7244,7252,7258,7265&7266) totaling to an area of 6720 hectare as indicated in the watershed map enclosed has been earmarked for treatment under thre project. This cluster of watershed area are identified as per the land capability, classification for undertaking various activities such as afforestation; horticulture development, soil & water conservation measures, WHS, Livelihood component & so on. The approach taken is on sustainability mode and not project oriented.

Technical Back­stopping:

The process of planning and management of micro­watershed activities are implemented with the technical inputs from renowned institutions. Institutions providing technical supports are SIRD,Itanagar, ICAR,Basar, NERIST,Nirjuli, NESAC, Megalaya ,NIRD, Guwahati,KVK, Itanagar,KVIC, Itanagar,District Industrial Training Centre, Papum Pare etc.

‐ 47 ‐

Baseline Survey:

In all the micro­watersheds, survey were conducted by the WDTs on demography, livelihood patterns, economic activities, major agricultural crops, soil types, climates and natural vegetations. The indigenous technical knowledge’s will be incorporated with modern technology in the process of planning and management.

Hydro­geological survey: Hydro­geologically, the district is underlain by unconsolidated and semi­consolidated formations ranging in age from Upper Cretaceous to Recent.

Some ofl the micro­watersheds in the project are situated on plain areas & some on hill tops, the ground water resources cannot be tapped for various use. The main source of water is from rainwater and few perennial and seasonal rivers. The rainwater is harnessed for use by constructing water harvesting structures, which serves as source for both drinking and recharging groundwater. The water from perennial and seasonal rivers is use for minor irrigation by cutting channels through the ridges. Mechanism of harvesting water by mini storage tanks will be explored under the project. Contour mapping:

Contour mapping will be done for all the Watershed areas as identified for implementation with the help of theodolite and dumpy level equipments. All the activities of the watershed will be carried out as per the contour mapping.

Participatory Net Planning (PNP):

Work Plan for IWMP is prepared on the basis of information generated from the baseline survey of the watershed areas and detailed PRA exercise. Assessment of needs of the watershed areas and the wishes and aspirations of the farmers/ village communities are taken into account. This programme being a bottom up planning is carried out in consultation with the village authority, Watershed Committee, Village Council and Watershed Association. While keeping in mind to adhere to the guidelines, in certain cases the need arose to exercise flexibility and adaptability to the local conditions, needs and social structure.

Remote sensing data­especially soil/ crop/ run­off cover:

The remote sensing data on all the aspects of micro­watershed planning will be sourced from North East Space Application Centre (NESAC), Shillong, SRSAC, Itanagar & under technical guidance of Indian Institute of Technology, New Delhi.

Ridge to Valley treatment:

‐ 48 ‐

Ridge to valley treatment approach proposed to be designed with the help of contour mapping and identification according to land capability classification. The top steep slopes will be treated with different tree species for both protective and productive purposes (afforestation) horticultural and fodder crops in the middle areas with contour bundings and half moon terraces and in the valley the land shall be developed for permanent farming of cereal crops and other perennial crops on a sustainable basis.

Online IT connectivity:

The SLNA will maintain IT cell through NIC which is in direct online connectivity with the Ministry of RD, GOI and the PIA/WCDC in all the district headquarters through CIC. Regular monitoring of the projects and effective dissemination of information to the PIA/DWDUs through high speed Intranet/internet access and e­mail including proposal of uninterrupted connectivity through V­Set.

Availability of GIS layers:

The GIS maps of cadastral, village boundaries, drainage, soil, land use, ground water status, and watershed boundaries of all micro­watersheds were all sourced from GIS/Remote Sensing Application Centre, Govt. of Arunachal Pradesh, Itanagar, IIT Delhi, NESAC,Megalaya.

(B) INPUTS

Bio­pesticides:

Locally available Bio­pesticide plants like neem, tobacco and chilly,Cucumber, ginger will be promoted along with Synthetic bio­pesticides such as nicotine, pyrethrum and rotenone and discourage the indiscriminate use of inorganic fertilizers and pesticides.

Organic manures:

The organic manure is derived from biological sources like plant, animal and human residues. It includes FYM, compost and Green manure. Some of the commonly use plants to prepare organic manures are sunhemp, dhaincha, cow pea, etc., and concentrated manures are also prepared from oilcakes, blood meal, fishmeal, meat meal and horn and hoof meal. The stakeholders shall be encouraged to use organic manures prepared locally as well as externally to generate organic farm produce.

Vermicompost:

‐ 49 ‐

It is organic manure produced by the activity of earthworms. It is a method of making compost with the use of earthworms that generally live in soil, eat biomass and excrete it in digested form. A vermicompost unit in every micro­watershed shall be established to encourage organic farming.

Bio­fertilizer:

Bio­fertilizers like rhizobium, aztobacter, azospirillium, azolla and mycorhizae will be utilized wherever needed.

Water saving devices:

Water saving devices such as agri­film/polythene, check dam, farm pond, gully plug, dry stone pitching, etc., will be employed according to the location and site of the watershed areas.

Mechanized tools/ implements:

Mechanized tools/implements shall be used to enhance the value of the farm produce and also to improve the efficiency and productivity of the land. The following tools like ginger, turmeric, chilly grinder, cardamom dryer, sugarcane crusher, power tiller, pumping set, etc.

Bio­fencing:

Agave, Erythrina, Thysanolaena maxima, Euphorbia nerifolia, Hisbiscus rosa­sinensis, Lantana camara, etc.

Nutrient budgeting:

Deficiency of macro and micro nutrients shall be analyzed and supplemented by application of macro nutrients like NPK. and other essential nutrients.

Automatic water level recorders & sediment samplers:

District department of Irrigation & Flood Control shall be responsible for undertaking automatic water level recording and sediment sampling. The SLNA will also make it’s arrangement of rainfall gauging at state HQ.

‐ 50 ‐

Chapter 8

Livelihood concerns:

Agriculture has traditionally been and continues to be the main source of livelihood of Papum Pare life. It is one of the significant contributors to the net district domestic product and is the largest employer of the workforce in the district. Majority of the total workforce in the district are engaged in agricultural activities. Rearing of livestocks like cattle, poultry, and piggery is another important livelihood. Traditional cottage industries like weaving, carpentry, handicrafts and blacksmith are also taken up.

The district is not self sufficient in production of food grains which is managed through supply of Rice & Wheat by FCI & distributed by Airfed & road distribution centres. Non­traditional crops such as spices &rubber and sugarcane are also gaining popularity in recent years, promising to convert agriculture from subsistence farming to commercially viable activity. The land is extremely fertile and can produce the best quality of agro­based, horticulture and floriculture products through organic farming.

Alike other district of Arunachal Pradesh it has followed the practice of raising crops under organic conditions since time immemorial. In the context of the globalization of agriculture, organic products have higher market value & the district is in a unique position to take advantage of this.

Papum Pare has a highly congenial agro­climatic condition for cultivation of a wide range of fruits, vegetables, plantation crops and flowers. The area under horticulture is 2.42 % of the total cropped area. Among the commercial crops, nearly 45.97% of the area is occupied by Oilseeds, Potato with 24.13%, Ginger (12 %) & Chillies (17.70%) as per 2006­07 are the major spices grown. Meanwhile, it has been estimated that the district imports 60% to 70% of the vegetable requirements. Systematic harnessing of this environment for growing high value crops will open up new dimensions for improving the income and livelihood of the farmers. A scenario of the district cropped area of 25788 ha with cropping system as per DAO, Yupia is as follows­

‐ 51 ‐

‐ 52 ‐

Livestock provides additional income and employment to the farmers. It is rich in its livestock population & has around 68,784 livestock population in 2003 as per Live Stock census., out of which cattle population is 25921 , Goats­16,408,Pigs­11,472, Mithun­10,573, Horses/Ponies­­NIL, Dogs­4288 with Poultry of 84,447 nos respectively. Dairy, milk production and sale of meat are the main activities related to livestock. Import of meat and meat products not only increases the cost of food but also results in outflow of resources. There are also 5 nos Veterinary Dispensary,13 nos Veterinary Aid centres , 6 nos cattle up grading centres with one each Cattle Breeding Farm, Poultry Breeding Farms & Pig Breeding Farm. District witnessed Milk production of 61,616 litres during 2006­07.

Local Fish & Fish Seed production is also done in the district which accounts for 2770 tonnes with fish seed ( fry) of 30 million nos & Fingerling­10 million nos during 2006­07 of the State. Fish production is also insufficient hence need be imported from nearby towns of Assam.

Although agro­produce, handlooms and handicrafts enjoy recognition in both national l markets but have not been able to take full advantage of the potential and existing demand due to limited quantities, marketing linkages, quality and standardization concerns.

Other raw materials and potentials available:

• Papum Pare is richly endowed with unutilized and unexploited mineral resources­ Coal, Dolomite,Graphite, limestone, marble, Ferro­Silicon Quartzite, Oil & Natural Gas, Lead & Zinc. Department. of Geology & Mining is the highest revenue earning one in the State.It had achieved a royalty of Rs.17592.88 crore from 1995­96 till 2008­09 as assessment in the annual plan 2009­10 of Planning Deptt, Itanagar.

• Papum Pare has tremendous forest resources. Its forest cover is 1782.5 sq km & above 62 percent. As such, forests represent the richest natural resource. The District has a wealth of herbal, medicinal and aromatic plants with tremendous economic potentials. The rich forest cover holds tremendous potential for bio­technological manipulations and also indicates strength for a sustainable timber industry, especially through tree cultivation. Therefore, biotechnology, which also represents one of the sunshine sectors, presents with a unique opportunity. There is great urgency, therefore, in this age of globalization, for the government to immediately institute measures of protection for these riches and also to find adequate funding for research and documentation in order to reap benefits for the people.

• Bamboo, the fastest growing and highest yielding renewable natural resource, growing extensively all over the State, constitutes one of the most important resources of Arunachal Pradesh, The State has set up a Bamboo Mission to exploit the resources.

‐ 53 ‐

• The other sunshine sector, IT, also has potential for district. One of the advantages the State has is that its medium of instruction in schools is English. With adequate and appropriate training programmes, the district could take advantage of this sector.

• With all the natural advantages and beauty of district, including cultural diversity of the tribes, eco­ and community­based tourism presents great potential.

• The district has a number of fascinating tourist spots scattered all over namely Ganga Lake,Museum,Indhira Gandhi Park, NERIST ,Arunachal University, Akashdeep Market Complex, Itanagar/Naharlagun Helipads.. But due to inadequate facilities yet to come up, only 1143 foreign tourists and 50612 domestic tourists arrived as on 31­03­2007.. The landscape and topography of the district offers ideal locations for developing mountaineering, trekking, adventure tourism, water sports, aero sports, rafting, gliding, hiking, skiing as well as mere site seeing facilities It is industrially backward region, compared to the rest of the country. There is no large­scale industry of industrial unit and cottage and small scale

industrial structures have craft and sericulture because of availability of raw material for handicraft development and favorable climate for the growth of silk worms feed plants. No. of Villages & SSI units registered in the district is 108 with total employment of 1500 nos as on 31/03/07 & with an investment Rs.2500 lakhs during 06­07.

The developmental experience of district has been full of challenge. The geographical remoteness and inaccessibility, hilly terrain, lack of infrastructure, population composition, scarce resources base, disruption of road network due to frequent occurrences of landslides during summer season are the biggest problem hampering developments.

Harnessing of the resources and potentials—mineral, forest, agriculture, land, industry—and the opportunities in trade, the new sectors of IT or biotechnology require not only investments but also policy interventions to encourage such investments. Government’s role in making the investments cannot be understated but the limited availability of financial resources with the Government necessitates that private investment, both from within and outside the district is encouraged. By focusing on economic growth, district can expect to reap benefits through increased levels of income, employment generation and reduction in economic disparities within the different regions of the district and the populace.

The State Govt has initiated development of craft by establishment of craft centres, emporium, show room – cum­ sale counter in the district, State as well as out side the State. Last 25 years witnessed annual turn out of craft centres @ 37.26% from Rs. 3.493 lakhs (1970­71) to Rs. 36.03 lakhs (1995­ 96) with marketable sale increase at an average annual rate of 93.34% from its very low level of Rs. 2.891 lakhs (1970­71) to 70.35 lakhs of rupees (1995­ 96). It means sale of craft products has been rising very fast. The infrastructure created is 81(1995­56) which has gone up to 616 SSI units (2006­07) which provide employment in the rural areas. Sericulture development has 28­ sericulture demonstration centres, 5­ sericulture relling units, 79­ weaving units in 226 villages. Varities of silk rearres like 3578­ Eri, 620­ Mulbarry, 120­ Muga and 30­ Oak Tasar which occupied 7464130 and 220 accars of land for development of these silkworm rears respectively.3 ITI, 14 Industrial estates at 211.5 accars of land have been raised for a development under the sector.

‐ 54 ‐

During 2007–08, per capita net domestic product (at current prices) of the district was 24,793 against per capita income during ’2001 as Rs. 20,157 (at constant 1999–00 prices) as against Rs. 10,306 for the country as a whole.

Details of livelihoods created for landless people:

Papum Pare is inhabited by tribal population (S/T) with floating population who are businees man, labourers who have come from outside the state in search of employment & Govt. officials . A cross­section of tribal population inhahibiting the project area although possess small plot of land inherited from forefathers are very poor & marginal farmers who remain hand to mouth through out the year. They grow paddy & other crops which can sustain the family members for a maximum period of 6 months & remaining period by daily wages in other well­ to­do farmers & thereby remain insufficient to feed their families throughout the year in terms of food requirements .

The amount of livelihood available to the common masses are in use for these class of poor people with S/T population getting certain extra benefits under different progamme of central/state govt as BPL category. Certain subsidized rates of foodgrains/execution under different programme are allowed. The present labour rates as approved by Labour Deptt. is Rs.80/­& Rs.90/­ for Soft & hard areas respectively. Whereas,skilled labourers are not readily available for different categories of works. These manpower have to be paid exorbitantly for getting the jobs done & put along with local labourers. With the present watershed interventions it is expected that the household income is brought up to Rs.3345/­ from Rs.2737/­ per month.

Chapter 9

Institutional arrangements :

The institutional model and implementation arrangements have been developed to ensure the achievement of the project objectives in efficient way. In view of common guidelines for watershed development projects the institutional arrangement at State, District, PIA and Panchayat level have been designed.

State level

STATE LEVEL NODAL AGENCY:

‐ 55 ‐

Rural Development Directorate in Arunachal Pradesh has been declared as a Nodal department and State Level Nodal Agency (SLNA) has also been constituted on 03­11­2008 under the chairmanship of Secretary & Commissioner (RD) to implement watershed projects under new Common Guidelines vide para­28. The SLNA will be having an independent bank account. Central assistance for SLNA will be transferred directly to the account of SLNA. The SLNA will sign an MOU with the Departmental Nodal Agency setting out mutual expectations with regard to performance, timelines and financial parameters including conditions related to release of funds to SLNA. The SLNA will be required to review the programme and provide enabling mechanism to set up State Data Cell and ensure regular reporting to the Central Government/ Nodal Agency at the central level in the Department. There would be multidisciplinary professional support team at the State level to implement the programme. The State Level Nodal Agency is having a full­time CEO who is a serving Government officer (Director, Rural Development) and a Secretary/Commissioner(RD) as Chairman with professional experts.

The SLNA consists of one representative from the NRAA, one representative from the Central Nodal Ministry (DOLR), one representative from NABARD, one representative each from the State Department of Rural Development, Agriculture, Animal Husbandry, Works Deptt. and allied sector, one representative from Ground Water Board and .one representative from an eminent voluntary organization and two professional experts from research institutes / academia of the state. There is also representation from NREGA and other related implementing agencies at the state level.

The SLNA will sanction watershed projects for the State on the basis of approved state perspective and strategic plan as per procedure in vogue and oversee all watershed projects in the state within the parameters set out in these Guidelines.

State Level Monitoring / Evaluation Cell: As per 26 & 27 of common guideline for Watershed Development project a team of 4 to 7 professionals from disciplines like agriculture,Engineering,

water management, capacity building social mobilization, economic information technology, administration and finance and accounts will be engaged to assist the State Level Nodal Agency. Requisite number of administrative staff will support this team of experts. The numbers of officers / officials to be engaged will be decided in view of the admissibility of the funds. Apart from above a State level data centre will be created for technical support to district watershed cell & data centre units all over the State and to ensure the regular and quality on line monitoring of Watershed projects. The State Level data Centre will be connected online with National Level data Centre

The main functions of the SLNA :

a) Prepare a perspective and strategic plan of watershed development for the state on the basis of plans prepared at the block and district level and indicate implementation strategy and expected outputs/outcomes, financial outlays and approach the Nodal Agency at the central level in the Department for appraisal and clearance.

‐ 56 ‐

b) Establish and maintain a state level data cell from the funds sanctioned to the States, and connect it online with the National Level Data Centre.

c) Provide technical support to District Watershed Development Units (DWDU)/watershed Cell cum Data centre at DRDAs of the state.

d) Approve a list of independent institutions for capacity building of various stakeholders within the state and work out the overall capacity building strategy in consultation with NRAA/Nodal DOLR.

e) Approve Project Implementing Agencies identified/selected by DWDU/ District Level Committee by adopting appropriate objective selection criteria and transparent systems.

f) Establish monitoring, evaluation and learning systems at various levels (Internal and external/ independent systems).

g) Ensure regular and quality on­line monitoring of watershed 'projects in the state in association with Nodal Agency at the central level and securing feedback by developing partnerships with independent and capable agencies.

h) Constitute a panel of Independent Institutional Evaluators for all watershed projects within the state, get this panel duly approved by the concerned Nodal Agencies at the central level and ensure that quality evaluations take place on a regular basis.

i) Prepare State Specific Process Guidelines, Technology Manuals etc in coordination with the Nodal Ministry/ NRAA and operationalise the same.

‐ 57 ‐

Details of SLNA

1 2 3 4 5

S. No.

Date of Notification Type of SLNA Date of MoU

with DoLR

Total no. of members of

SLNA 1, CD(RE)01/08­

09(IWMP) Dtd 03/11/2008 ( Annexure­I)

Govt. Department Yet to be signed.

15

Details of SLNA (Contd..)

6 7 Chairperson CEO

Name Designation # Name Designation Date of

Appointment Nature of

appointment

Tenure (No. of years)

Contact Ph. No./ Fax/ E­mail

Shri. Tape Bagra

Commissioner & Secretary, Dept. of Rural Development.

Shri. Jokey Angu

Director, Rural

Development 03­11­2008

Normal posting (SLNA is a State Govt. Department)

Till transfer/ retirement

Ph. No: 0360­ 2212391/2290764/2291057

Mobile: 9436040225/9436058433/9436040943

Details of functionaries in the SLNA :

1 2 3 4 Details of the persons engaged in the SLNA funded by DoLR

S. No.

Total no. of pers ons work ing in the SLNA for IWM P

Monthly emolume nts of all the

persons working in the SLNA for IWMP

Names & Designatio

n

Monthly remuner ation

Date of Appointm ent

Nature of

appoint ­ment $

Tenure (No. of years)

Contact Ph. No./ Fax/ E­mail

Subject of

Expertis e

Qualif i­

cation

Experien ce Role

1 9 nos Shall be borne by the state Govt. as per their status and scale .

Sri T. Bagra, IAS, Secy. /Commission er (RD) (Chairman)

As per the status and scale

24­09­08 Through Govt. departme ntal posting

Till Transfer /retirem ent

Chairma n­

0360/22 12391(O &F)/094 36o4022 5(M),E­ mail:­­­­

Administ ration & Law

MA(Pol ­Sci), LLB

Served as Lecturer, Inducted into APCS (Sr) in the capacity of EAC, D.C, Secretar y, RC (Delhi)&

Administ ration

‐ 59 ‐

presentl y as Commiss ioner(RD ,RWD), Govt. of Arunach al Pradesh.

2 Jokey Angu,APCS, Director(RD )& Joint Secretary to HCM. (CEO)

As per the status and scale

24­09­08 Through Govt. departme ntal posting

Till Transfer /retirem ent

CEO­ 0360/22 90764(O & F)

/094360 58433(M )/09436 040046( M) & E­ mail:­­­­

Administ rative officer

BA (Eng)

Inducted into EAC through APPSC, served as administ rative officers, Project Director, DRDA, D.C, Registrar Co­ operativ e Societies & presentl

Administ ration

‐ 60 ‐

y as Joint Secretar y to HCM inaddition toDirector, RD.

3 Minjom Padu, Joint Director (RE)­cum­ SNO,IWDP/ Hariyali, RD. (Member Secretary)

As per the status and scale

24­09­08 Through Govt. departme ntal posting

Till Transfer /retirem ent

0360/22 91057/0 9436040 943

Enginerin g

BE(Civi l)

Assistant Engineer © in PWD through PSC, Arunach al Pradesh in 1989. supervisi oed field works of various Bldg, roads & other infrastru ctures as site

Head ,Subject Matter Specialist

‐ 61 ‐

engineer , presentl y serving inRural Develop ment Deptt. on deputati on since 2004 & involved inplanning , monitori ng & supervisi on of in IWDP/ Hariyali as Nodal officers for the last 6 years.

‐ 62 ‐

T. Ado, Joint Director, RD. (Member)

As per the status and scale

24­09­08 Through Govt. departme ntal posting

Till Transfer /retirem ent

0360/22 91059/0 0986291 7758

Economi st

MA(Ec ol)

Dealing with all RD Program mes

Subject Matter Specialist

Smti N.B. Doye, Dy. Director (RD) (Member)

As per the status and scale

24­09­08 Through Govt. departme ntal posting

Till Transfer /retirem ent

0360/22 91059/0 0986291 7758

Women Develop ment

BA (Eng)

Dealing with all RD Program mes

Subject Matter Specialist

Shri S. Choudhury, Extension Officer (RE) (Member)

As per the status and scale

24­09­08 Through Govt. departme ntal posting

Till Transfer /retirem ent

0360/22 91057/0 0943605 5854

Enginerri ng

Diplom (Civil)

Dealing with all RD Program mes for last 15 years

Subject Matter Specialist

Miss R. Pertin, Extension Officer (RE) (Member)

As per the status and scale

24­09­08 Through Govt. departme ntal posting

Till Transfer /retirem ent

0360/22 91057/0 0961248 4334

Enginerri ng

BE (Civil)

Dealing with all RD Program mes .

Subject Matter Specialist

2nos @ 25,000=50 ,000.00

2 nos­ member.

To be taken on contract/ deputatio n.

On contract/ Deputatio n.

As per terms of contract/ deputati on.

To be intimate d later.

Agri & Horti

Minimu m Degree

Having thorough knowled ge about watershe

Subject Matter Specialist s

‐ 63 ‐

d program me.

*

Details of State Level Data Cell (SLDC) functionaries:

1 2 3 4

Details of the persons engaged in the SLDC to be funded by DoLR

S. No.

Total no. of persons working in the SLDC for IWMP

Monthly emoluments of all the persons working in the SLDC for IWMP

Names & Designation

Monthly remuneration

Date of Appoint ment

Nature of

appoint­ ment $

Tenure (No. of years)

Contact Ph. No./ Fax/ E­mail

Qualifi­ cation Experience Role

1. 6

Shall be borne by the state Govt. as per the status and

scale

Sri Pankaj Das, UDC­ cum­ Computer Operator, RD Deptt.

As per the status and scale

Regular Govt Official . But Govt notificati being issued shortly

regular Till Transfe r/retire ment

0360­ 2291057 (o), 0985657 1800 (M)

B.com Worked as Computer operator & attached to JD(RE), RD as PA cum computer Operator for last 12 years. Dealt with IWDP/Hari yali & other RD programm

Monit oring , superv ision/ online data entrie s.

‐ 64 ‐

e as computer expert for last 7 ­ years

2 T.Yami,UDC B.A. Working in IWDP/Hari yali cell of Directorate since 4 years.

Data mana geme nt and analys is.

3 Sri Lige Ete 30000/­ 0360/22

91795 /094020 43860.

M.A(Pol Sc)

Worked inInsurance & private firms. Having Basic knowledg e of computer / data entries.

­do­

4

to

6

To be taken on Contract & support needed from DOLR. (1,20,000/­)

3 nos 30000/­ each

Apptt. Being issued shortly by State Govt.

Contract Till comple tion of project .

To be intimate d later.

Minimu m Degree in IT/Com puter

Should have knowledge of computer application

­do­

‐ 65 ‐

Appl. /Agri/H orti backgro ung

The SLNA is yet to be registered under Society Registration Act 1860 for which the Department has processed the matters. It has started functioning with opening of SLNA Account in nationalized Bank against which the SLNA Administration fund has been transferred by DoLR, GOI. It has also requested the steering Committee held on 28 th Oct ‘2009 for placing the project funds at the SLNA account to ensure proper and timely implementation unlike the delays observed in the IWDP /Hariyali projects so that appropriate mechanism of speedy implementation can be made.

District Level Institutional arrangements

Watershed cell cum data centre in DRDA:

• Arunachal Pradesh State Government has issued orders to establish the District Watershed Development Unit (DWDU) in each district with Project Director/District head of line departments as Project Manager (on specific approval of SLNA). In the instant project the DWDU as not approved by Union Cabinet & Watershed Cell cum Data Centre (WCDC of DRDA) allowed will oversee the implementation of watershed programme in each district and will have separate independent accounts for this purpose. WCDC will function in close co­ ordination with the District Planning Committee. There will also be a representation in WCDC for NREGA implementing agencies at the district level.

• WCDC would function as a separate unit under DRDA with full time officer well conversant, dealing with watershed programme for last 5 years minimum & not below the rank of Technical Assistant as subject specialist) identified with supporting staffs as admissible & allowed by DOLR/SLNA on contract/deputation/transfer etc. The arrangements for setting up/ strengthening the District Data Cell will be financially supported by the Government of India after review of available staff, infrastructure and the actual requirement.

‐ 66 ‐

The main functions of WCDC will be :

a) Identify potential Project Implementing Agencies (PIAs) in consultation with SLNA as per the empanelment process as decided by the respective state governments.

b) Take up the overall responsibility of facilitating the preparation of strategic and annual action plans for watershed development projects in respective districts.

c) Providing professional technical support to Project Implementing Agencies (PIAs) in planning and execution of watershed development projects.

d) Develop action plans for capacity building, with close involvement of resource organizations to execute the capacity building action plans.

e) Carry out regular monitoring, evaluation and learning.

f) Ensure smooth flow of funds to watershed development projects.

g) Ensure timely submission of required documents to SLNA / Nodal Agency of the Department at central level.

h) Facilitate co­ordination with relevant programmes of agriculture, horticulture, rural development, animal husbandry, etc with watershed development projects for enhancement of productivity and livelihoods.

‐ 67 ‐

i) Integrate watershed development projects/ plans into District Plans of the district planning committees. All expenditure of watershed projects would be reflected in district plans.

j) Establish and maintain the District Level Data Cell and link it to the State Level and National Level Data Centre. '

District Watershed Development Unit as not approved by Union Cabinet but watershed cell cum data centre (WCDC) with one expert and data entry operators with an officer not below the rank of TA (Actively involved for the last to 6­ 10 years) is positioned in the DRDA level for over seeing Planning, Supervision and Monitoring at DRDA level. Separate correspondence is also being initiated to DoLR, GOI as the DRDA has already watershed ongoing projects covering more than 25,000 ha. and for financial support for infrastructure facilitating prompt MIS etc.

• The DWDU / District Watershed Cell have been notified commonly for all District of Arunachal Pradesh with PD, DRDA / Districts Officers of Line Departments (EE of Works Department / DHO / DAO / DFO/DVO) subject to specific approval of SLNA / State Govt). For the purpose of this project the WCDC under DRDA, Yupia with an APO/TA designated as officer concerned under PD, DRDA, Yupia will function.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

Details of the two personnel engaged in the Watershed Cell funded by DoLR

S. No.

Name of the District

Name of the

executing Agency#

Status of Chairman

@

Date of signing of MoU with SLNA

Total no. of persons working for IWMP

Monthly emolu ments of all persons working for IWMP

Name and

Designati on

Monthly Remun eration

Date of Appoint­ ment

Nature of

appoint­ ment $

Tenure (No. of years)

Contact Ph. No./ Fax/ e­mail

Qualifi­ cation

Experienc e Role

1

Papum Pare

DRDA, Yupia ( With a WCDC headed

PD, DRDA, Yupia to function as

Not Yet 5 nos at WCDC under DRDA,Y upia

Rs.34,5 00.00

1. K.Peyang , Project Manager.

Rs.15,0 00.00 for

w.e.f.01/ 12/2009.

Contract / As per Govt. transfer &

Till the completi on of the project.

03783/ 222310 (o),222 201®,9

Degree Have been in involved in Watershe

Overal l contro l of

‐ 68 ‐

by an APO/TA as

designate d officer under PD, DRDA, Yupia on approval of SLNA).

Project Manager under the guidance of designat ed officer at column­ 3.

,Papum Pare with the PD as Project Manager .(Staff details as per footnot e)

2.APO/TA to be nominate d to do duties of Technical Expert on approval of SLNA.

paymen t of honorar ium/TA /DA as per actual works done byTech. Expert i/chiring of other experts .

posting. 436045 659.

Tech. Diplom a/Degr eewith experie nce inwater shed manag ement for last 6 years.

d manage ment for last 6 yrs.

Water shed progra mme.

Planni ng / Super vision and Monit oring( MIS) .

Staffs to work in WCDC under DRDA with rates of emoluments:

Sl.no. Post Monthly rate Remarks

1. Technical Expert Rs.15,000/­P.M. An APO/TA , DRDA, Yupia to be

Designated as Nodal officer, WCDC under

DRDA & will perform duties of technical

‐ 69 ‐

expert . Other tech. officers of DRDA &

CD Block will also

assist him & if needed can hire experts from

outwise of DRDA/Block .The monthly rate

earmarked will be utilized for disbursements

of remuneration /honorarium/TA/DA to

experts hired .

2. Accountant Rs.10,000/­P.M. An Accounts background preferably retired staff to

be preferred. Till then an accounts clerk in DRDA

will perform the duties under supervision of

Accounts officer of DRDA. The accounts clerk to

Look after WCDC Accountant’s work will have to

be approved by SLNA.

3. Data Entry Operator ­2 nos. Rs.6000/­P.M. should be Computer trained.

4. Office Assistant Rs. 3500/­P.M For multipurpose usage as peon/ helper

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Role of Panchayati Raj Institutions at district and intermediate levels:

The full responsibility of overseeing the watershed program within the district will lie with the WCDC which will work in close collaboration with the District Planning Committee (DPC). The DPC will provide full governance support to the programme , DPC will formally approve the perspective plan & integrate the watershed development plans approved by SLNA & agreed upon by DOLR with over all district plans and also oversee its ' implementation. WCDC will help the DPC in providing oversight and ensuring regular monitoring and evaluation of the programme. The District Panchayat / Zilla Parishad will have an important role of governance in matters relating to the co­ordination of various sectoral schemes with watershed development projects, review of progress, settling disputes etc.

Similarly, Intermediate Panchayats have an important role in planning the watershed development projects at the intermediate level. They can also provide valuable support to PIAs and Gram Panchayats/ Watershed Committees in technical guidance with the help of their subject matter specialist.

Institutional Arrangements at Project Level:

PROGRAMME IMPLEMENTING AGENCY (PIA) :

The implementation of watershed projects in different districts will be done through the Programme implementing Agencies (PIAs). As per common guidelines, these PIAs may include relevant line departments, autonomous organization under State / Central Government, Panchayat Samiti, Voluntary Organization (VOs). However, the selection of PIAs will be preferred on the basis of prior experience in watershed related aspects or management of watershed development and they should be prepared to constitute dedicated Watershed Development Team (WDT). In view of common guidelines the PIAs would be decided by the State Level Nodal Agency on the recommendation of District watershed cell cum data centre of DRDA. However, the following criteria will be followed in the selection of the PIAs.

• PIA should preferably have prior experience in watershed related aspects or management of watershed development projects.

• PIA should be prepared to constitute dedicated Watershed Development Teams.

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• Voluntary Organizations (VOs): Voluntary Organizations will have an important role in the program and their services will be utilized substantively in the areas of awareness generation,

capacity building, IEC and social audit among others. As far as direct implementation of the programme is concerned, Voluntary Organizations (VOs) with established credentials may be chosen as PIAs on the basis of detailed criteria as enumerated below.

The Voluntary Organizations (VOs) would need to satisfy the following criteria to be selected as PIA:

• Should be a registered legal entity of at least 5 years standing.

• Should have had at least 3 years of field experience in the area of community based Natural Resource Management and livelihood development.

• Should not have been blacklisted by CAPART or any other Department of Government of India or State Government.

• Should be equipped with a dedicated, multidisciplinary team with gender balance.

• Should furnish three years balance sheet, audited statement of accounts and income returns. All accounts of the organization should be up to date.

• Should furnish the profile of its Board of Directors. Should have successfully implemented projects independently.

It will be subjected to the following conditions:

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i. At any point of time, one VO cannot be assigned more than 10,000 ha area in a district

ii. At any point of time, one VO cannot be assigned more than 30,000 ha area in a State.

iii. In any case, not more than 1/4th of the total Projects at a time in a State to be implemented by VOs.

Ø Selected PIAs will sign a contract/MOU with the concerned WCDC, District Level Committee. It will spell out well­defined annual outcomes, against which the performance of each PIA will be monitored each year and evaluated on a regular basis by institutional evaluators from a panel approved by the SLNA / DOLR,GOI.

Ø Each PIA must put in position dedicated watershed development team (WDT) with the approval of WCDC under DRDA. The WDT will be hired on contract / deputation / transfer etc for a term not exceeding the project period. The composition of the WDT will be indicated in the contract/ MOU. No programme funds for DPR and watershed works under any circumstances should be released to either the PIA or Watershed Committee (WC) unless the composition of the WDT has been clearly indicated in the MOU/ contract and the team members are fully in place.

Ø Roles and Responsibilities of the PIA:

The Project Implementing Agency (PIA) will provide necessary technical guidance to the Gram Panchayat for preparation of development plans for the watershed through Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) exercise, undertake community organization and training for the village communities, supervise watershed development activities, inspect and authenticate project accounts, encourage adoption of low cost technologies and build upon indigenous technical knowledge, monitor and review the overall project implementation and set up institutional arrangements for post­project operation and maintenance and further development of the assets created during the project period.

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The PIA, after careful scrutiny, shall submit the Action Plan for Watershed Development Project for approval of the WCDC and other arrangements. The PIA shall submit the periodical progress report to WCDC. The PIA shall also arrange physical, financial and social audit of the work undertaken. It will facilitate the mobilization of additional financial resources from other government programmes, such as NREGA, National Horticulture Mission, Tribal Welfare Schemes, Artificial Ground Water Recharging, Greening India, etc.

The State Govt has approved BDO / line Departments / Voluntary Organization for nomination as PIA (for which specific approval has to be given by SLNA) under watershed projects. For the instant project the BDO, Doimukh & Balijan CD Block will be the PIAs, which will be officially ratified by SLNA. The parameters taken into consideration were based on the project area (Jullang & Jote & adjoining areas, whose MWS indicated with latitude­ longitude) being within the jurisdiction of the CD Block & since it’s under Rural Development Department , the SLNA being under same department Can exercise full control over implementation, judicious expenditure, supervision & monitoring with watershed cell cum data centre under DRDA, Yupia . The PIA has a strong dedicated multidisciplinary team of experts with vast experience in the field of project implementation and management of watershed programme. The PIA has penetrated down to the grassroots level, with a major project benefits going directly to village communities of Darka with special emphasis to communities under project area. It will serve as a catalyst for district in encouraging and spreading new ideas in developing and improving land use system which ensure food security, enhance cash returns, generate new employment opportunities, and conserve the rich biodiversity of State.

The PIAs will in addition to discharging responsibility / duties as envisaged in the Guideline constitute Watershed Development Team (WDT). WDT is an integral part of the PIA and will be set up by the PIA. Each WDT should have at least four members, broadly with knowledge and experience in agriculture, soil science, water management, social mobilisation and institutional building. At least one of the WDT members should be a woman. The WDT members should preferably have a professional degree. However, the qualification can be relaxed by the WCDC with the approval of SLNA in deserving cases keeping in view the practical field experience of the candidate. The WDT should be located as close as possible to the watershed project. At the same time, it must be ensured that the WDT should function in close collaboration with the team of experts at the district and state level. The expenses towards the salaries/remuneration of the WDT members shall be charged from the administrative support to the PIA. WCDC will facilitate the training of the WDT members.

The WDT Team shall be hired on contract / deputation / transfer etc. Composition of WDT is also required to be indicated in MOU / Contract the PIA is to sign with the District level committee which shall be preferably headed by Deputy Commissioner –cum­ CEO DRDA/chairman, ZP. The composition of WDT for the instant projects shall be as follows­

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Watershed Development Team fo IWMP­I­DOIMUKH & BALIJAN CD Blocks:

As the project areas at Jullang with 4520 ha falls under Doimukh CD Block & Jote with 2200 under Balijan CD Block , there may be two separate WDTs allowable.However, two WDTs for single project may be appearing cumbersome, WCDC/BDOs may moot WDT of Jullang also applicable for Jote under Balijan/ any other suitable arrangement.

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( N.B: The process of selection of WDT Members is through Departmental proper screening based on requisite qualification and experiences which fulfills the criteria as a Subject Matter Specialist prescribed by the watershed guidelines issued by the Govt. of India. Moreover, the Blocks have subject wise experts already positioned at Block level i/c line Departments)

Roles and responsibilities of WDT:

The WDT will guide the Watershed Committee (WC) in the formulation of the watershed action plan. An indicative list of the roles and responsibilities of the WDT would include among others, the following­

• Assist Village Communities/Gram Panchayat / Gram Sabha in constitution of the Watershed Committee and their functioning. • Organizing and nurturing User Groups and Self­Help Groups. • Mobilising women to ensure that the perspectives and interests of women are adequately reflected in the watershed action plan. • Conducting the participatory base­line surveys, training and capacity building. • Preparing detailed resource development plans including water and soil conservation or reclamation etc. to promote sustainable

livelihoods at household level. • Common property resource management and equitable sharing. • Preparing Detailed Project Report (DPR) for the consideration of Gram Sabha ( which is out sourced in the instant case) • Undertake engineering surveys, prepare engineering drawings and cost estimates for any structures to be built. • Monitoring, checking, assessing, undertaking ­ physical verification and ' measurements of the work done. • Facilitating the development of livelihood opportunities for the landless. • Maintaining project accounts. • Arranging physical, financial and social audit of the work undertaken. • Setting up suitable arrangements for post­project operation, maintenance and future development of the assets created during the project period.

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The PIA will also –

a).Provide technical support toVillage communities/ GP in preparation of Development plan through PRA exercise, undertake community organization/training for village communities, supervise watershed development activities, inspect & authenticate project accounts, encourage low cost technologies ,build upon indigenous technical knowledge, monitor & review overall project implementation & set up institutional arrangements for post­project operation & maintenance & further development of assets created during project period including ensuring timely implementation of the project by providing all possible support to the watershed committee. The Action Plan as out lined in the instant DPR will have to be converted into reality under the leadership of PIA who will also ensure submission of data base for online transmission of information

b). The Action Plan/watershed development plan as out lined in the instant DPR to be converted into reality under the leadership of PIA who will also ensure submission of data base, periodical progress reports for online transmission of information to WCDC of DRDA. The PIA will also initiate actions for formal approval of PRI/DRDA of Action plan without any modification.

Local Level Institutions:

WATERSHED COMMITTEE (WC):

Ø The Village communities/Gram Sabha will constitute the Watershed Committee (WC) to implement the Watershed project with the technical support of the WDT in the village. The Watershed Committee (WC) has to be registered under the Society Registration Act, 1860. The Gram Sabha may elect/appoint any suitable person from the village as the Chairman of Watershed Committee. The secretary of the Watershed Committee.(WC) will be a paid functionary of the Watershed Committee (WC). The Watershed Committee (WC) will comprise of at least 10 members, half of the members shall be representatives of SHGs and User Groups, SC/ST community, women and landless persons in the village. One member of the WDT shall also be represented in the Watershed Committee (WC). Where the Panchayat covers more than one village, they would constitute a separate subcommittee for each village to manage the watershed development project in the concerned village. Where a watershed project covers more than one Gram Panchayat, separate committees will be constituted for each Gram Panchayat. The Watershed Committee (WC) would be provided with an independent rented office accommodation.

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Ø The Watershed Committee will open a separate bank account to receive funds for watershed projects and will utilise the same for undertaking its activities. The expenses towards the remuneration of the WDT members (as Govt. officers/officials) and salary of Secretary of Watershed Committee (WC) shall be charged from the administrative expenses under the professional support to the PIA.

Secretary, Watershed Committee:

The Secretary of the Watershed Committee, (WC) will be selected in a meeting of the Gram Sabha/village Communities. This person would be an independent paid functionary distinct and separate from the Panchayat Secretary. He would be a dedicated functionary with no responsibilities other than the assistance to the Watershed Committee (WC) and would work under the direct supervision of the Chairman/President of Watershed Committee (WC) and would be selected on the basis of merit and experience. The expenses towards the honorarium to be paid to Secretary of Watershed Committee (WC) will be charged from the administrative support to the PIA. The Secretary will be responsible for the following tasks:

• Convening meetings of the Gram Sabha, Gram Panchayat, Watershed Committee for facilitating the decision making processes in the context of Watershed Development Project.

• Taking follow­up action on all decisions. • Maintaining all the records of project activities and proceedings of the meetings of Gram Panchayat, Watershed Committee (WC) and other institutions for

Watershed Development Project. • Ensuring payments and other financial transactions. • Signing the cheques jointly with the WDT nominee on behalf of the Watershed Committee.

SELF HELP GROUPS (SHG):

The Watershed Committee shall constitute SHGs in the watershed area with the help of WDT from amongst poor, small and marginal farmer households, landless/asset less poor agricultural labourers, women, shepherds and SC/ST persons. These Groups shall be homogenous groups having common identity and interest who are dependent on the watershed area for their livelihood. Each Self Help Group will be provided with a revolving fund of an amount to be decided by the Nodal Ministry.

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USER GROUPS (UG):

The Watershed Committee (WC) shall also constitute User Groups in the watershed area with the help of WDT. These shall be homogenous groups of persons most affected by each work/ activity and shall include those having land holdings within the watershed areas. Each User Group shall consist of those who are likely to derive direct benefits from a particular watershed work or activity. The Watershed Committee (WC) with the help of the WDT shall facilitate resource­ use agreements among the User Groups based on the principles of equity and .sustainability. These agreements must be worked out before the concerned work is undertaken. It must be regarded as a pre­condition for that activity. The User Groups will be responsible for the operation and maintenance of all the assets created under the project in close collaboration with the Gram

PANCHAYAT AND THE GRAM SABHA:

The Gram Panchayat would perform the following important functions:

• Supervise, support and advise Watershed Committee from time to time. • Authenticate the accounts/ expenditure statements of Watershed. • Facilitate the convergence of various projects/ schemes to institutions of watershed development project. • Maintain asset registers under watershed development projects with a view to retain it after the watershed development project. • Provide office accommodation and other requirements to Watershed Committee. • Allocate usufruct rights to deserving user groups/ SHGs over the assets created.

This IWMP project is based on joint relationship among three entities: (i) village communities and GPs; (ii) WCDC/SLNA and (iii) PIA's. All these three stakeholders will fulfill their respective roles and responsibilities for the project to be successful.

Specifically:

Village community and GP:

Will plan and implement the project

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WCDC/SLNA:

Provide overall coordination and assist the village communities & GPs.

PIA:

Carry out social mobilization, may provide technical assistance and undertake other activities as agreed to with Village communities/ GPs and WCDC,

ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES:

A. Panchayat level Institutions ­

Sl.

No.

Institution Compositio n

Role Account

able to

Gram Sabha All adult

voters of the

Gram

Panchayat

• To facilitate in the constitution of WC.

• To elect/ appoint any suitable person from the village as the chairman of Watershed Committee.

• Ensure inclusion of disadvantaged

Village

communi

ty

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groups such as women, poor, SC/ST, transhumant.

• To approve the DPRs.

• To approve / pass the rules for WDF.

2. Gram

Panchayat

Gram

Panchayat Members

• Supervise / support and advise Watershed Committee.

• Authenticate the accounts / expenditure statements of WC and other institutions of Watershed Project.

• Facilitate the conversion of various projects / schemes to IWMP.

• Maintain assets registers under IWMP with a view to retain it after the project.

Gram

Sabha, GP, PIA

and WCDC

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• Provide office accommodation and other requirements to WC.

• Allocate usufruct rights to deserving user groups / SHGs over the assets created.

• To operate the WDF bank account.

3. Watershed

Committee

Chairman of

WC to be elected/ appointed by communities of project area /Gram Sabha

should have

atleast 10

members half

• Assist in the preparation of DPRs.

• Manage the SHGs Fund.

• Manage the watershed development fund ­(WDF).

• Implementation of the watershed project.

• Maintain the accounts of the Watershed Project.

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of the members

shall be

representativ es of SHGs

and user

group, SC,

ST

community,

women and

marginal farmers. One

member of

WDT to be

represented

in the WC.

• Prepare the rules for operation of WDF.

• Submit timely monthly and annual financial reports to WCDC.

• Ensure that the WC annual accounts are audited on timely basis and submitted to the WCDC

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4. Secretary

Watershed

Committee

An

independent

paid

functionary selected by Communities of project area/ Gram Sabha

• Convening of all Mandatory and all required GP, Gram Sabha and WC meetings and upkeep of minutes of the meeting.

• Act as co­signatory along with WDT to operate the Watershed Development Project account

• Assist in the procurement process by being designated as Secretary of the Procurement Committee

• Maintain and safe custody of all records Accounts and cash.

• Timely submission of all returns , reports and utilization certificates

• Timely and satisfactory Audit of GP

PIA for

Project

reporting

system to WCDC.

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accounts.

• Maintain all accounts books related to the project

• Make all vouchers & prepare cheques

• Collect dues from beneficiaries & issue receipts

• Ensure that records are maintained for all labor contributions from beneficiaries.

• Prepare all financial documentation & reports as required b the project

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B. Field level institutions.

Sl.

No.

Institutio n

Composition Role Accountable to

1 WDT 4­5 experts • Assist Communities of project area /GP / GS in constitution of the WC and their functioning.

• Organizing and nurturing user groups and self help group.

• Mobilize women to ensure that their perspective and interests are reflected in the Watershed Plan.

• Assist in conducting the participatory baseline surveys training and capacity building.

• Preparing detailed resource development plans.

PIA & WCDC

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• Common property resource mgt and equitable sharing.

• Undertake engineering surveys prepared drawing and cost estimates of any structures to be built.

• Preparation of DPR

• Monitoring, checking, assessing, undertaking, physical verification and measurement of the works done.

• Facilitating the development of livelihood opportunities.

• Maintaining project accounts.

• Arranging physical, financial

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and social audit of the works.

• Setting up suitable arrangements for post project operation, maintenance and future development of the asset created.

2. Project Implement ation Agency

(PIA)

Appointed by the SLNA

• Provide technical guidance to the WC/ GP for preparation of the DPRs.

• Undertake community mobilization and training of the village community.

• Supervise watershed development activities.

• Inspect and authenticate project accounts.

• Encourage adoption of low cost technologies and build upon

WCDC and

SLNA

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Indigenous Technical Knowledge.

• Monitor and review the overall project implementation.

• Set up institutional arrangements for post project operation.

• Submit action plan for approval to WCDC.

• Submit periodical progress report to WCDC.

• Arrange physical, financial and social audit of the work undertaken.

3. WCDC Appointment by

SLNA

• Identify potential PIAs in consultation with SLNA.

• Facilitate the preparation of watershed development plan

SLNA

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for the respective districts.

• Provide professional, technical support to PIA in planning and execution of the projects.

• Develop action plan for capacity building.

• Carry out regular monitoring, evaluation and learning.

• Ensure smooth flow of funds to watershed development projects.

• Ensure timely submission of required documents to SLNA.

• Facilitate coordination with relevant programs of other line departments with the watershed development projects.

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• Integrate watershed development project / plans into district plans of DPCs.

• Established and maintain the district level data cell and link to national level data centre.

C. State level institutions

Sl.

No.

Instituti on

Composition Role Account­

able to

1. CEO,

SLNA

Appointed by

State Govt.

• Prepare a perspective and strategic plan of watershed development for the state. Indicating implementation strategy, expected output, financial outlay and approach central level nodal agency for

SLNA

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appraisal and clearance.

• Establish and maintain a state level data cell and connected with national level data centre.

• Provide technical support to the WCDC.

• Approve and facilitate in building a state level consortium for capacity building for various stakeholders.

• Approved PIAs identified / selected by WCDC.

• Establish monitoring, evaluation and learning system at various levels.

• Ensure regular and quality on line monitoring of watershed projects.

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• Constitute a panel of independent institutional evaluators and get this panel approved by the Central Level Nodal Agency.

• Prepared state specific process guidelines, technologies manuals etc.

2. State

Steering

Committe e

Comprises

Secretary level

Officers. Chaired

by the Commissioner (RD).

• Facilitate inter­departmental coordination.

• Overall approval to work plans of WCDC on advices of CEO & experts.

State Govt.

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Conflict resolution:

Every attempt should be made to resolve all conflicts within the Gram Sabha and Watershed Committees. The WDT will facilitate the villagers in this regard.

In case of conflict among GP, WC, WDT and PIAs, the WCDC, DRDA,Yupia will act as the conflict resolution Authority. If Gram Sabha so feels that it requires formal arbitration, a three­member committee will be set up for the purpose of arbitration. It shall comprise the Officer identified in WCDC under DRDA, a nominee of the Gram Sabha and a nominee of the WDT.

In the above case if either party is unsatisfied with decision of the WCDC then they can appeal to CEO. The decision of the committee at CEO advised by Chairman,level shall be final and binding on all parties.

( Caution: Any correspondence to the Ministry giving wrong informations about project implementation that hinders the watershed activities without due authentication of SLNA will be rejected without any action)

Institutional arrangements at village level and people’s participation :

In order to implement the project in all seven (6 nos) micro­watersheds under Jullang & Jote village, an overall committee known as Watershed Committee is formed with a Chairman and Secretary assisted by executive members selected through consensus involving the village council and other eminent individuals ,women members of SHGs & PRI of the village. One of the WDT members will be an ex­officio member of the Watershed committee. The WDT Members will identify the likeminded and homogeneous group in the watershed village and form Self Help Group and Users Group. While forming SHG preferences is given to the womenfolk or poorer section of the people in the village. The formation of SHGs and User Groups (UGs) is an integral part of the programme and are directly responsible to the Watershed committee. The details of Watershed committee (WC) ,SHGs & UGs formed with responsibilities are as hereunder­

Watershed Committee (WC) of IWMP­I­ DOIMUKH & BALIJAN CD Block:

WATERSHED COMMITTEES :

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a).Jullang of Doimukh – As indicated above.

b).Jote of Balijan – as follows:

1. Smti Taba Mina ­ Chairperson

2. Shri Taba Taram ­ Secretary ( will operate a/c &

issue cheque with a member WDT

3. Shri Techi John

4. Shri Taba Tahi

5. Shri Taba Eta

6. Shri Taba Vikash

7. Shri Taba Tohung

8. Smti Taba Yodum

9. Smti Taba Jardum

10.Smti Taba Yami

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USER GROUP:

1. Smti Taba Mina

2. Shri Taba Tapa

3, Smti Taba Rashmi

4. Shri Taba Abir

5. Shri Taba Gollo

6, Shri Taba Aju

7. Shri Christopher Angu

8. Shri Kevin Angu

9. Shri Taba Tahi

10. Shri Taba Eta

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N.B:

(a). The Watershed Committee members formed will be only one for the entire project with sub­committees allowable for constitution at later stage if felt essential whose duties will be to suggest in implementation of project but only one account for entire area will be maintained/operated by the WC indicated

(b). The WC although yet to be registered will start functioning provisionally & take up activities as per guideline in coordination with PIA/WCDC under DRDA to avoid delay

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Objectives of Detailed Project Reports :

(i) At the overall watershed level, to have a plan that identifies key problems, intervention areas, and objectives and the mechanisms to achieve them. Ideally the DPR would be developed through a participatory process.

(ii) At the micro­watershed level, to engage in dialogue with stakeholders to identify different or conflicting interests, to evaluate possible synergies and the minimum tradeoffs required, and to identify a set of options to achieve both broader public interest objectives and local objectives while doing so the convergence areas would also be kept in view.

(iii) The water usage being an important component in the watershed management under the perspective plan, appropriate mechanisms of recovery of user charges would be brought in place to ensure sustainability. While doing so, possibilities of payment for watershed services would also be explored;

(iv) Participatory approaches to developing and adopting new technologies; (v) A sound social analysis, such as a stakeholder analysis aimed at assessing losses to be incurred by different community groups because of

conservation practices; (vi) A focus on generating positive income streams for farmers and other groups (such as herders) through intensification, diversification, downstream

processing and marketing, and the creation of new income­generating activities; (vii) Giving stakeholders a secure stake in common pool resources, such as forest and pastures, and ensuring that all users and especially the poor have

viable income alternatives when closure in involved; (viii) Promoting interventions that reduced risk, such a improving water sources; and (ix) Identifying conservation techniques that were profitable for farmers and offering a menu of interventions combining income and conservation

objectives. Preparation of Action Plan:

Based on the database compiled through various modes, site specific Action Plan is prepared solely using the participatory approach. Prioritization of action will be carried out taken into consideration the local needs and priorities.

The approved area is to be treated in phased manner with in a period of 4 years which can be extended upto 7 years maximum subject to approval of SLNA on reasonable grounds. All these lands would be developed, but the priority would be to cover the untreated area. The duplicity and overlapping will be avoided for sustainable development of the proposed areas, the community action through demographic process would be ensured in all the stages of the

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project, right from framing Action Plans, their execution, sharing of usufructs and their long term sustainability. The local communities have been organized into Self Help Groups / User Groups. Other Income generating activities for increase in the economic status of the watershed community will be propagated and necessary financial support will be provided from the project fund for income generation of converging the funds from ongoing other schemes.

STRATEGY FOR WATERSHED DEVELOPMENT:

Watershed management’s underlying principle is that people, land and water are connected. People use land in a variety of ways, and affect ecosystems, and ultimately, their own communities for better or worse. Managing and protecting the environment while providing a high quality of life for people is a complex process that is most successful when governing bodies, community members and experts in various fields are true partners in the planning process. It shall be the endeavor of the watershed management approach to bring all these factors together to provide long­term well being for communities by integrating people, land and water in a watershed area.

It is often seen that within any watershed, there are natural resources that have both ecological and economic value. Human activities can affect those resources, often with unintended consequences. It is therefore important to work on a watershed approach that recognizes those consequences by seeing the entire system in a holistic manner rather than considering each aspect independently as was the case with watershed programme earlier. It would aim at developing strategies to manage resources and human activities in a coordinated way. Its focus will be on integration of the efforts of landowners, land use agencies, water management experts and communities. Institutional arrangements will be put in place in a way that these stakeholders work together to ensure proper stewardship of our natural resources, compliance with regulation and efficient management. The underlying purpose is to strive towards efficient, sustainable and intelligent solutions to our watershed issues: land use, water supply, water quality, storm water runoff, water rights, air quality, planning and utilization. The watershed approach changes this mindset to develop recognition among members of a community of the value of their own resources, and to guide a holistic, balanced program of stewardship that achieves community goals while complying with rules. A watershed approach integrates biology, chemistry, hydrology, economics and social considerations into decision­making. It recognizes needs for water supply, water quality, flood control, navigation hydropower generation, fisheries, biodiversity, habitat preservation, recreation, and development; and it recognizes that these needs can compete. It establishes local priorities, accounts for state and national goals and coordinates public and private actions.

1. Philosophy:

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While traditional approaches are reactive, precautionary, regulatory, single­purpose and driven by enforcement, watershed management plan aims at making it proactive, scientific, uses agreement­based approaches to achieve multiple benefits and is driven by the self­interest of stakeholders. Watershed protection measures seek to stop or reduce pollution and prevent degradation. Measures that prevent degradation before it occurs typically cost less than restoration measures implemented after watershed are impaired. When restoration is required, it is more challenging to establish acceptable and measurable goals. This is where stakeholder collaboration is most essential. Some will see restoration as the re­establishment of pre­disturbance aquatic function, but others may focus more on recreation, flood protection, or water use efficiency. It is critically important that stakeholders work out a balance among competing “public goods”, which no single discipline is equipped to achieve.

In a mountainous district like West Siang where the vast majority of population has been dependent on natural resources for their livelihoods, “development” will have to be based primarily on long­term sustainable productivity enhancement and, on increasing the dependability of production and, consequently, the security of livelihoods. The interconnectedness of the biophysical and the social is intrinsic to watershed development and draws strength from this interconnectedness. The plan sites on the principle that biophysical and social interventions are not two separate processes, but aspect of a single unified process and ecosystem processes and resources are basic economic resources as well.

A review of watershed development projects in the district & block in particular highlights an immediate need to re­orient the present approach to watershed development and put an enabling policy framework in place to ensure that watershed development programmes adequately meet the requirement of the four central concerns namely sustainability, livelihoods, equity and participation / self –governance. Previous studies have concluded the following drawbacks in approach and implementation:

• Problems related to lack of coordination (timely information transmission , UCs , Audits ,online reporting & release of funds). • The needs to help community catchments group mature; • Confusion between bottom up consultation and community participation and top down policy and government investment; • The lack of integration of economic development with ecological management; • Institutional barriers to effective integration; and • The effectiveness of local community institutions ( complaints/counter complaints)

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Thus, need for a reorientation of approach to watershed development based on the following: a sustainable productivity enhancement orientation: proactive measures to deal with sustainability and equity issues resources: making adequate technology choices; and taking dependability into account in watershed planning is attempted through this project.

There is also an urgent need for an enabling policy framework for collective regulation of groundwater use and eventually moving towards Integrated water Resource Management. Many policies, which may not be directly related to watershed development programme per se, also impinge on the outcomes, e.g. tourism Hydro Power, Industry and electricity tariffs, irrigation policy, agriculture research and extension policy, fertilizer and agricultural produce pricing and forest policy. There is also a need to restructure the watershed development program by increasing the watershed development allocation and period and conduct it in phase. The areas that need particular attention are:

(i) Hydrological: (a) cross­scale and inter­scale hydrological effects (upper to valley portions, intra­ and inter­watershed relations up to basin scale); (b) surface water groundwater interactions; (c) aquifer behavior, in particular balance between shallow and deep aquifers, their size, recharge rates, locations, and so on; (d) net effect of different soil and water conservation measures as well as afforestation and agricultural practices on quantities like infiltration and erosion under different geophysical conditions.

(ii) Land­Vegetation­Water interactions: (a) agro ecological relationships and impact on one another as an ecosystem; (b) grazing and forest management, in particular productivity, sustainability, and offsite effects.

(iii) Socio­Economic and Institutional aspects: (a) compare asset­based approaches with income based approaches, in terms of benefits, their distribution and sustainability; (b) scope for biomass­based value addition­ biomass, labour, energy, capital and financial requirements and identification of possible bottlenecks; (c) scope of watershed and NRM­based development in different regions, limits and implications especially in resource poor areas; (d) indigenous knowledge, its scope, and issues in its interface with modern knowledge; (e) role of CVOs and SHGs in improving participation and sustaining benefits beyond project period; (f) ways of better addressing the problem of local heterogeneity by equitable and sustainable reconciliation of interests and conflict resolution; (g) social and institutional mechanisms and capability building for incorporating rigorous participatory grassroots benchmarking monitoring and assessment in watershed based development programmes.

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2. Approach for watershed management:

Based on the experiences of implementation of watershed management project in the State/district and elsewhere in India, it proposes to use watershed development as an opportunity to combine and integrate water conservation with livelihood concerns. Enhancing sustainable livelihood option of the people shall be the key objective in Watershed activities. The goal of watershed development would be sustainable productivity enhancement and consequent increased livelihood option for the local community. As opposed to the traditional water conservation approach which focused on minimization of run­off as a unilinear strategy, the new approach will aim at productivity oriented hydrological planning approach that maximizes agriculture and other bio­mass production within the limits of water availability and promotes agronomic practices with sustainability and equity as the key concerned.

The following aspects will constitute the key elements of the approach followed for watershed development:

(i) Interconnectedness of the bio­physical and the social aspects. (ii) Fulfilling livelihood needs. (iii) Sustainability. (iv) Equity. (v) Participation.

(i) Interconnectedness of the bio­physical and the social aspects.

The process of watershed development plan keeps the element of interconnectedness of bio­physical and the social aspects as intrinsic to the very concept of watershed development. The underlying philosophy reads watershed as a bio­physical entity in an eco system comprising of all bio­ physical processes within the watershed and their interaction with large systems. Bio­physical and Social interventions are actually not two separate processes but aspects of the same unified process. What appears as a soil erosion in the case of bio physical process would appear as inability to meet food needs in the social aspects due to reduced farm productivity. Likewise, purchase of fertilizer may be an aspect of bio physical intervention

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but the resultant pollution would be the social implication of the same. The strategy proposed to be adopted would therefore keep this bio physical and social aspect in view in deciding technological interventions.

(ii) Fulfilling Livelihood needs:

A Livelihood comprises the capabilities, assets and activities required for a means of living. A livelihood is sustainable when it can cope with and recover from stresses and shocks and maintain or enhance its capabilities and assets both now and in the future, while not undermining the natural resource base. The interventions would be so designed that result in fulfilling minimum livelihood needs consisting of domestic water (including drinking water and water for livestock), food, fuel, fodder, some bio mass in put to the agriculture system to maintain soil productivity and other goods and services that may have to be obtained from the larger system, for example, health and education.

(iii) Sustainability:

Maintaining and enhancing the products and assimilative (as sinks) potential of the local eco system would be the objective to be achieved through using water within renew ability limits, enhancing and sustaining the productivity of crop land uncultivated land and enhancing dependability of availability of resources, for instance water.

(iv) Equity:

The fulfillment of livelihood needs depends crucially on who has access to how much and what kind of productive resources thereby bringing the element of equity to the watershed management. The equity may have several dimensions including intra generation distribution of human well being across barriers of class, ethnicity and gender. Concerns about special or locational inequality in the level of development require distribution fruits of development equally in different region. In the context of water availability inter­sectoral equity also becomes relevant. Often, the prioritization of water availability follows the following sequence namely: drinking water: water for domestic use and for cattle: water required for

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eco system regeneration and for livelihood activities: and surplus / extra that could be used for cash or commercial crop. The impact of watershed development on all the dimensions of equity will be an important evaluating criterion of success of the programme.

(v) Participation:

The approach followed in watershed development will see participation as a goal of a development (decentralized) process in that it helps communities make informed choice and also as a mean of more equitable, sustainable and efficient outcome. The emphasis will be on creation or enhancement of genuine participated democracy at the grass roots. Participation is seen as a means to enable the local community to make informed choice and ensuring more equitable, sustainable and efficient outcomes. However, it is important to view critically the constituents of local community that are engaged in the decision making process. General expectations are that homogenous societies would respond vary differently to opportunities of participation available within the framework of watershed programmes as compared to heterogeneous societies. Since, in their current form, the Watershed Development Programme necessarily require partnership in some form with outside agencies (governmental and non­ governmental organizations, international donors etc), the nature of this collaboration is bound to affect the efficiency of the participation, communities within the watersheds. In this context, the increased importance of the institutions of local self­government Panchayats as brought about by the Hariyali Guidelines and further refined under common guidelines with watershed committee (WC) is expected to change somewhat the participatory dynamics.

3. Implementation Strategy:

(a) Integrated Watershed Management: Watershed Management has evolved and passed through several developmental stages. In the initial stages, it was confined to soil

conservation mainly handled through Agriculture and Forest Department with little or no involvement of people. During the second stage, it became land resource management related, including activities with an eye on economic benefits. At this stage, the focus was on beneficiaries. Under the proposed DPR, it is intended to be made participatory and integrated watershed management with involvement and contribution from local people.

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The emphasis will be on making watershed natural processes. Hence, this report incorporates ways of integrating natural resource management with socio economic development, sustainable livelihood and poverty alleviation. Special attention will be given to strengthening the capacity of local actors to manage the three main components of watershed management namely land management, water management and biomass management will be kept in focus.

The land management will incorporate major land characteristics like terrain slope, formation, depth, texture, moisture and infiltration rate and soil capability of the proposed project area. Necessary interventions of different kind like structure measures, vegetative measures, production measures and protection measures will be taken depending upon the sight requirement. Structural measures will include interventions like contours bunds, stone bunds, urban bunds, compartmental bunds, contours terrace walls, stream bank stabilizing, contour trenches, bench terracing and check dams etc. Where watershed contain natural ecosystem like grass land, wet lands mangroves, marshes, water body, appropriate vegetative measures will be planed to provide vegetative cover, hedges, grass land management and agro forestry etc. Linkage of watershed activities with appropriate agricultural practices is an important dimension of the watershed management.

Economic use of water and avoidance of affluence in use of water at individual and community levels will be a major concern for water management under this report. Water characteristics like inflows (specification, surface water inflow, ground water inflow) water use (evaporation, evapotranspiration, irrigation, drinking water) out flows (surface water out flow, ground water out flow) storage (surface storage, ground water storage, root zone storage) are the principle factors to be taken care of in sustainable water management. The broad intervention for water management to be planned under the reports for each site shall be rain water harvesting, ground water recharge, maintenance of water balance, preventing water pollution and economic use of water. Rain water harvesting forms the major component of water management. The rain water collected can be recharged into the ground. Roof top water harvesting, diversion of peremmial springs and streams into storage structures, farm ponds etc. will also be used for rain water harvesting. Along site, water harvesting, appropriate measures will be planned to ensure economic use of water. One such most effective measures is often the introduction of user charges for water usage to recover operating cost and at the same time introduce behavioural change among the water users by incorporating cost of water in their usage decision.

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Under the integrated watershed, bio­mass management is an important area of concern. Under the traditional approached followed as far in distict, no efforts have been made to establish clear cut linkage between land management, water management and the bio­mass management. Resultantly the water management structures have often ended up as stand alone intervention in any area without a clear linkage without a clear forward and backward linkage in terms of land management and in terms of bio­mass management. Both land management and a bio­mass management outcome in fact becomes the key indicator of the watershed management performance in any area. Appropriate biomass intervention namely eco preservation, biomass regeneration, forest management and conservation and plant protection and social forestry will be planned for each area.

Institutional Strengthening:

(i) Capacity building of Gram Panchayats and local community institutions:

Under this sub­component, the core administrative capacity of GPs in planning, budgeting, financial management, implementation and reporting would be strengthened .Capacity will also be built in other tiers of PRIs (block and district) as needed to ensure efficient and effective functioning of the project. However, the initial capacity building strategy for the project will be focused on GPs and will include programs for GP elected officials community representatives,WC, SHGs, NGOs and the watershed staff involved in project related activities. The capacity building strategy focuses on: (i) enhancing technical skills in watershed management: (ii) improving level of information at the community level on the project and other relevant issues: (iii) training all stakeholders in applying the technologies: and (iv) institutionalizing a performance appraisal and reward system for the GPs and watershed management development staff in the project..

(ii) Information, Education and Communication:

This sub­component is designed to implement a strategy that identifies specific audiences and develops targeted messages to increase general awareness about the project, term of participation and overall transparency. The strategy would target the general public and the state’s political establishment; staff who would be implementing the project, NGOs, GPs, and communities. The media would include traditional folk theatre and dance, print media and audio­visual.

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(iii) Project coordination, monitoring and management:

This will finance organizational change management initiatives to realign the WMD to the new implementation arrangement and the increased role of GPs & need of WC for the project. Under project monitoring, links would be developed between the MIS, GIS and impact evaluation, participatory monitoring of the project activities by the communities would be introduced in addition to the tracking of physical and financial milestones. This sub­component will also finance rent of appropriate office and / or residential space in nearby towns. Finally, the subcomponent will finance incremental operating costs of the project office.

Monitoring and Evaluation:

An effective monitoring and evaluation strategy needed to capture trends in benefits capture and other social impact as they emerge. Without such monitoring systems in place that make the distribution of benefits and social impacts explicit, it is likely that current intervention cause problems for certain social groups and further existing inequalities. Continuous monitoring also enables continuous re­planning: a prerequisite to adaptive management in that reality encountered during implementation do not always reflect best approaches as prescribed early in the planning process and therefore, require continuous adaptation. Appropriate socio culture, economic and environmental indicators will be developed with a definite time frame to measure performance the socio culture indicators under the following heads will be specially developed to ensure participation and equity:

• Decision making power of the community: • Empowerment of women; • Formation of farmer groups / self help groups; • Change in ownership of land; • Improvement in quality of life; • Harmonious social life.

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The economic indicators would include factors required for livelihood and economic well being of the people consisting of:

• Increase in income level; • Availability of food and food security; • Improvement in the standard of living; • Off­farm income to family; • Improvement in rural economy; • Improvement and credit and market support.

Environment indicators would include tangible and non tangible factors influencing the ecology of the community, for example, increase in productive potential of source base, management of common property resources and improvement in bio­diversity.

Monitoring and Evaluation System:

The Monitoring and Evaluation system shall have five distinct components, namely

• Baseline Study­ for assessing the pre­project condition. • Performance monitoring­ management Information System based input system to track the progress and performance on a periodic basis. • Institutional Performance monitoring­ Internal and External process monitoring to track the processes (to provide leads and direction on

the progress towards the achievement of the various end results of the project component) and Comprehensive group, self – monitoring system for tracking institutional development at community based organizations.

• Internal Learning­ Internal management review and learning system ( monthly review the implementation and monthly reporting by the project staff at various level particularly at district, block and village level).

• Evaluation­ External impact evaluation involving mid­term review and impact assessment (by independent agency). Each evaluation will include physical, financial and social audit of the work done and to assess the status of watershed related intervention as per procedure of new guidelines. The department has already constitute d the panel of reputed institutes / organizations having sufficient expertise and infrastructure for national panel of evaluating agency as well as for empanelment as evaluator for watershed development programme of the State.

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The panel of such institutes / organization forwarded to the DOLR, GOI after approval and concurrence of the State level Nodal Agency are­

1). The Joint Director, ICAR, West Siang, Basar, Arunachal

Pradesh

2). The Director, State Institute of Rural Development,

Itanagar, Arunachal Pradesh.

3). The Director, North Eastern Regional Institute of Science

& Technology,Nirjuli,Arunachal Pradesh.

4).The Director,North Eastern Regional Institute of Water &

Land Management, Dolabari, Tezpur, Assam.

Similarly the evaluation and impact studies will be carried out to ensure the quality and benefit from the interventions carried out in Project areas. The Evaluation would be carried through independent agencies approved by the State level Nodal Agency and department Nodal Agency at Central level. The Physical, Financial and Social Audit of work done would be ensured under each evaluation. The concurrent and post project Evaluation would be conducted to assess the status of Watershed related interventions. The expenditure under this head will be restricted as per admissibility in the guidelines

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Entry Point Activity:

Under Entry Point activity the priority would be to ensure the sufficient water availability to the local community by revival of traditional water sources .Repair, restoration and up gradation of existing common property assets like Water supply platforms, well, Nyaakum ( site local type hut for use by WC/SHG), community buildings(Dere) /assets ­ cc footpaths/link ,earthen roads to project sites etc. would be taken up. The village level institutions such as watershed committees, self help group and user group will be strengthened under this head. All such type of activities which will help community participation in watershed development programmes will be covered under this component. But it will be ensured that the expenditure under this component may remain within the prescribed ceiling i.e. 4%.

Convergence:

One of the important components of integrated watershed management is main streaming the watershed planning and management by developing appropriate interface with other ongoing developmental programmes. The possibilities of identifying and deriving support from other line department can be sub divided into the following categories:

(a) Infrastructure Development; (b) Productivity Enhancement; (c) Off Farm initiative. (d) Livelihood Support (e) Weaker Section (marginal farmers) Support; (f) Quality of Life. (g) Capacity Building.

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I. Infrastructure Development

Among the major infrastructure activities that will be taken up within the watershed areas are Construction of Link Roads/ CC footpath and Provision of Irrigation Facilities. Among the schemes that are currently handled by various departments and could be tapped for supplementing resources are:

Table: Infrastructure convergence frame work

Sl.No Activity Name of the Scheme Nodal Department 1. Road PMGSY RWD 2. Empowerment

Generation, Link Road, CC footpath, Check Dam, Land development etc.

NREGA DRDA/CD Block under RD.

3. Water Supply AWRSP PHE 4. Irrigation Medium Irrigation, flood

Protection, Lift Irrigation Scheme

WRD

5. Marketing Infrastructure

Vikas Mein Jan Sahyog Planning

6.. Infrastructure Development.

Local District Planning Planning

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II. Productivity Enhancement:

Majors aimed at productivity enhancement will require interventions in the form of soil conservation, soil quality improvement, improved seeds and fertilizers, Farm technology equipments, changes in cropping pattern and multiple cropping etc. Some of the existing schemes of the various department are:

Table: Schemes for productivity enhancement:

Sl. No

Activity Name of the Scheme Nodal Department

1 Distribution of improved seeds

Agriculture inputs Agriculture

2 Fertilizer Agriculture inputs Agriculture 3 Insecticide and Pesticide Agriculture inputs Agriculture /

Horticulture 4 Poly houses Horticulture technology

Mission (HTM) Horticulture

III. Non­Farm Initiative:

One of the major causes of natural resources degradation is excessive dependence on land and natural resources. Therefore, development of non­ farm sector activities is crucial to a sound natural resource management strategy. Among the activities that could be started are:

Table: Scheme for non­farm initiative:

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Sl. No Activity Name of the Scheme Nodal Department

1 Micro and Small Enterprises

(i) Rural Industrial programme (RIP), Rural Artisan programme (RAP), Handloom, Textile & Handicrafts.

(ii) Prime Minister Employment Generation programme (PMEGP)

(iii).Self Employment Scheme (Plumbing, IT Training, Mobile Repairs etc).

(iv) Loan to OBC people on Lower interest (6%)

Industries ,Handloom & Texiles & Handicrafts.

KVIC

SC/ST Corporation.

2. Rural Tourism and Hospitality related enterprises

Home Stay Scheme, Sumo Services etc.

Tourism,

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Livelihood Support:

The average size of land holding is low especially in high hills of the district. Terrace farming is widely practiced. Due to difficult terrain, road connectivity is not always good and health infrastructure is poor. Drinking water and electricity facilities are available to the majority of households. There are high dependence on forests property and water resources. The best terms in this zone come from fruits. However marginal farmers depending on subsistence agriculture produce at least four­five months a year. The food insecure months are from May to July. The poor people supplement their income from wage labour in contract, other labour work under any scheme of the State Government / GOI, in their adjoining local areas. Some villages are also supplementing their income by selling their livestock’s and their produce such as of pigs, Goats, Sheep and wool, milk etc. Diary products consumption is less due to low productivity of milk from local breed milch cattle’s

On the whole, there is a dominance of marginal farmers who face several problems including lack of irrigation, poor quality lands, fragmentation, weather shocks and in many remote locations poor access to state and marketing infrastructure.

The separate provision of funds to cover livelihood components to generate extra income of the poor inhabitants in the rural area made in the common guidelines for watershed development projects & commitment of State Govt to enhance the livelihood opportunities in the rural areas of the State by providing sufficient water potential and other avenues in the field of horticulture forestry, mushroom cultivation, sericulture, animal husbandry etc.

In the implementation of watershed development project the priority would be the harvesting of rain water with active participation of village communities. By creating irrigation potential, the coordination between the line department who are associated with agriculture and allied activities will be ensured to provide the latest technology and other available benefits to the watershed community. Presently some schemes for the benefit of individual farmers in the field of Agriculture, Horticulture technology Mission, and NREGA etc are being implemented in rural areas of the State. The other benefits for forward­ backward linkages to the rural families will be provided out of watershed funds for upliftment of their socio­economic condition. The assistance for poor people would be given to village and cottage industries, and small scale business activities. The possibilities of marketing potential will be explored and the watershed community will be motivated for growing of marketing based produce to get maximum benefit.

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Weaker Section Support:

Particular attention to be given true address to the problem of weaker sections of the society amongst SC/ST, backward Classes, woman, BPL families and households. The main departments catering to these categories under the existing schemes are Welfare department. Rural Development Department, Education and food supplies Department. Among the schemes operated by these are:

Sl. No Activity Name of the Scheme Nodal Department

1 Construction of Houses

IAY and Housing Scheme for SC / STs for the Welfare department.

RD and Welfare Department

2 Self Employment SGSY RD 3 Education and

Trainee Free text books, scholarship scheme for different categories of students, Mid­day Meal scheme, computer Literacy

Moduler Employable Scheme, Training under different trades through ITI

Education Department

Technical

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Education

Quality of Life:

Improvement in Socio­economic indicator which is an important factor for performance under integrated watershed management could only be achieved if the activities contributing to improvement in quality of life could be integrated with the watershed development plan. Among the main activities under this section would be:

Sl. No Activity Name of the Scheme Nodal Department

1 Maternal and Child Health

ICDS Welfare

2 Preventive health NRHM Health 3 Sanitation TSC PHE 4 Education SSA Secondary

Education Capacity building:

The capacity building strategy and action plan of the project aims to build the competence and capability of targeted village communities including the poor, their organization and the GP so as to collectively enable them to achieve the project objectives.

The main objectives are as under­

• Strengthening knowledge base. • Increasing awareness. • Enhancing skills.

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• Developing ability to train further. • Developing share vision. • Developing confidence and self esteem.

The training, Workshop, Seminars, exposure / Exchange visits, Demonstration, Tele­conferencing, on the job support etc will be the tools for capacity building of all the stakeholders. The capacity building needs of the various stakeholders and their capacity building requirements are tabulated below:

Stakeholders and capacity building requirements:

Project Stakeholder Critical Capacity Gaps Target Community • Participatory Watershed Development and

Livelihoods Planning Livelihoods Skills • Livelihoods Skills • Project Provisions

GPs • Project management (planning and implementation) • Inclusive of the needs of the poor. • Project provisions. • Post Project sustainability and exit

protocol.

Gram Panchayat Committee

• Project management (planning and implementation) • Inclusive of the needs of the poor. • Project provisions.

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• Post Project sustainability and exit protocol.

SHGs • Group Dynamics. • Funds Managements • Marketing Awareness

User Group • Planning, implementation, Operations, Maintenance

• Project provision. • Project Process

Watershed Dev. Team Member

• Para­skill • Project provisions. • Project implementation process. • Business promotion and marketing. • Watershed development Plan. • Participatory Natural Source Management.

Project Implementing Agency

• Formations of watershed Committees • Institutional building • Community learning • Project provisions • Project process

Watershed Committees

• Community Mobilization & community Learning. • Implementation Process • Project rule, Financial rule and budgeting process. • Exit Protocol System • Livelihoods enhancement

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• Business promotion • Marketing • Convergence.

Strategies for Capacity Building:

The various strategies that could be adopted for building the capacities of the various stakeholders are as follows­

(i) Gradual scaling up – A phased approach for implementation of the project in different batches so as to provide opportunities to learn by experiences would be followed. For the subsequent batches of GPs / WCS the previous GPs / WCS will serve as learning grounds for building their capacities.

(ii) Experiential learning­ The capacity building approaches will focus on all opportunities of experiential learning including interactive learning and exposure visits. Reviewing and sharing of project learning will be an important element of CB strategy.

(iii) Internalizing Capacities locally­ For building the capacity of GP members / WC members, SHG and UG members so as to empower the community organization to manage their livelihood affairs by themselves, the funds will be provided as per provision of guidelines.

Capacity Building Programs:

In order to accommodate the capacity building needs of all the stakeholders of the project and also meet the demanded capacity needs during the evolving later stages of the project, the following broad capacity building programs have been identified.

Various capacity Building programs:

Sl. No

Programs Participants Key Contents Tools

1 Sensitization programs

Community, GP, WC and PIAs

Innovative project approaches and key project

Workshop / Campaigns

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principles 2 Induction

programs Project management staff and WC team members

Project principles community manual participatory, methodologies Livelihood Planning process, SHG formation

Training on COM, Field placement / village immersion programs

3 Orientation programs

Empanelled appraisers outsource technical service providers, resource agencies, line department

Key Project Principles project institutional model project processes

Workshops Field visits.

Sensitization on the issues of gender, environments, tribal etc. will be part of all the programs mentioned above.

Institutional arrangements for Capacity building:

The following arrangements for capacity building of project stakeholders will be made.

State Level:

The State level Resource Agencies will be utilized to train the State level and District / block level key staff and will hire appropriate physical facilities to undertake state level training programs and workshops. Appropriate national level institutions will be identified to run thematic training programs as and when required which will also be followed by refresher programs. Periodic exposure visits will be undertaken to learn from experience of similar projects being implemented in other States. A National Level pool of resource persons will be identified to run workshops and short­term programs for state level specialist.

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Capacity building service providers at District and Block Level:

The project will hire the services of capacity building agencies to plan and implement capacity building activities at District, Block and Gram Panchayat level. The primary task of the capacity building agencies will be to impact required knowledge altitude and skills to the PIAs, WDT members and WDC Teams. In addition, these agencies will design and implement specialized programs for GP and Watershed Committees office bearers on a demand responsive basis. The agencies will use wide range of capacity building tools and techniques including innovative approaches. It will be the responsibilities of the capacity building agencies to develop the capacity building implementation plans and training materials based on Community Operation Manual, Project Implementation Plan and other Project manuals. It will also be the entire responsibility of the capacity building agencies to review the emerging capacity building needs evaluate the effectiveness of the capacity building activities and to make appropriate changes in the training material and capacity building action plan. The capacity building agencies will field a team of trainers at State / District Level comprising of all essential expertise required for the project. Regular monitoring of the capacity building service rendered by the agencies will be reviewed at State as well as District Level. The Capacity building agencies will sign performance linked contracts and the payments will be linked to the successful achievement milestones. The TOR for the capacity building agencies is to be developed.

Names of Institutes which shall be responsible for carrying out capacity building in the project are­

Sl.no Name of Institute Areas of Specializations

1). Indian Council of Agricultural Agri practices to farmers/SHGs.

Research (ICAR), West Siang,

Basar Arunachal Pradesh.

2). State Institute of Rural Development, RD/Watershed program.

Itanagar, Arunachal Pradesh.

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3). The Director, North Eastern Regional Forestry/Agri/WHS & allied

Institute of Science & Technology, subjects.

Nirjuli,Arunachal Pradesh.

4). khadi & Village Industries Commission Weaving/Khadi/Handloom

(KVIC), Itanagar, Arunachal Pradesh. & Small Scale Industries.

5). National Institute of Rural Development RD/Watershed Mngt

(NIRD) Guwahati, khanapara, Assam . & other allied subject.

6). District Textile & Handloom Centre, Handloom/Handicrafts

Papum Pare ,Govt. of Arunachal Pradesh. & Carpet making.

7).North Eastern Space Application GIS/RS/Delineation of

Centre (NESAC), Umiam, Megalaya. Watersheds.

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8).Krishi Vigyan Kendra (KVK), Agri practices to farmer

Itanagar, Arunachal Pradesh. / SHGs.

9).Horticulture College, Pasighat, Horti & other allied practice

Arunachal Pradesh.

10).District Industrial Training Cane, Bamboo, Wood,

Centre, papum Pare. Furniture & Weaving

Works.

In addition to above institutes, the SLNA may even outsource/ hire services of appropriate agencies for capacity building & entrust the same.

GP level capacity building:

The PIA will be responsible for building the capacity of the target poor, the GP, watershed Committees, User Groups, SHGs etc. including providing handholding supports. The capacity building at the GP level will primarily be on the Community Operation manual (COM). The COM will have all the details of the main resource material for training at village level to the community. In addition to this, the other major focus of capacity building component at GP level will be orientation of Gram Sabha and elected representatives to the project processes and building capacity of 10­12 para professionals for each GP. As a part of capacity building strategy at the GP level, the project will put special efforts on exposure visits for community members.

Apart from Livelihood component, the provision will be made for demonstration of best practices for various livelihood at the district. These funds can be utilized to build suitable models within the reach of the poor in their neighbourhood. These sites will be used for exposure visits and influencing the poor / poorest to adopt the best practices. \

Capacity Building Activities

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• Sensitization and training of project staff (SLNA / WCDC/ PIAs) and GPs to facilitate the implementation of a community driven watershed project. • Comprehensive information, training and capacity building of individuals and CBOs in the village communities to participate effectively in the project. • Training of PIA staff, GPs and Watershed Committees, on the rules and regulations of the project. • Training of Secretary Watershed Committees to provide services to the Watershed Committees.

IV Development of Village Watershed Proposal:

Who: Watershed Committee

When: After receiving complete information and initial training on the project

• The Watershed Committee of the Revenue Village is responsible for developing its proposal. • Each member of the RV shall get the opportunity to present his/her views on what activities should .be included in the Proposal. • The watershed committee and revenue village must thoroughly understand the rules and processes of the project.

V. Application of Environment and Social Economic Framework to Village Watershed Proposal:

Who: Watershed Committee .

When: Upon selection of activities

• The Watershed Committee receives a firm commitment from the beneficiaries to contribute in terms of time, material and/or money as per the project guidelines.

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• The Watershed Committee asks the following questions with regard to its Proposal:

ü Does the Proposal meet the vision and objectives of the project?

ü Does it bring about social equity with regard to benefits being obtained by the village community?

ü Was it finalized on the basis of the voice and preferences of women, poor, SC/ST and tribal/transhumant population?

ü Have the WC planned for reducing negative impacts and incorporated mitigating measures to protect the environment?.

• Attention will also be paid to minimizing use of pesticides and use of pesticides only as per the Integrated Pest Management (IPM) Strategy for the project.

• Village Watershed Proposal is finalized by combining all selected activities and submitted to the WC.

VII Plan for Enhancing Livelihood Opportunities:

In this sub component such activities will be undertaken directly by the PIA to increase the productivity of land and other natural resources in the Gram Panchayat with the objective to increase income levels of the people. The arrangement of Funds for these activities is Budget envelope of GP. However the community/ individual beneficiary will make available contribution like land, manure which will not require direct cash contribution.

Who: WDT in consultation with WC.

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When: After approval of the GPWDP/Work Plan..

The activities to be done under this component are:

• Farming systems improvement: The Objective of this sub component is to: (a) disseminate technologies and provide advisory services for agriculture, horticulture, silvi­pastoral treatments and animal husbandry; (b) provide quality seeds and seedlings; and (c) establish linkages between UGs and suppliers for processing and marketing of high value crops. The major emphasis will be the introduction of off­ season vegetables and high value crops. The project will provide all the inputs (seed/seedlings, bio­agents and bio­fertilizers) of the subprojects, with the condition that the land, labor, irrigation and farm yard manure will be provided by farmers. In order to facilitate the production of marketable produce, formation of UGs will be introduced to facilitate the production, processing and marketing of high value crops. This subproject will demonstrate improvements in the productivity of crops already cultivated in the area and the introduction of new high value crops (new varieties of off­season vegetables, fruit crops, medicinal and aromatic plants will be introduced based on agro­climatic factors, demand and assured market). For this purpose the private sector and Institutions and Organizations specialized in the subject concerned can also be contracted by the WCDC on specific approval of SLNA. Training will also be provided in application of new technologies; storage techniques; etc.

ü Identify the farmers and the lands proposed for this activity.

ü Identify the crops, farming system in which demonstration are required by GP

• Value addition and marketing support: This sub­component will support agribusiness development. The project will make investments that would: (i) identify potential niche market opportunities; (ii) establish links with entrepreneurs who could help in exploiting the market potential; (iii) disseminate appropriate information and technology to farmers to help them to enter into production; (iv) co­finance subprojects with UGs & SHGs (on a one­time subsidy basis); (v) co­finance subprojects with entrepreneurs (on a one­time subsidy basis) for storage, processing and or marketing infrastructure needed to exploit the market potential.

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• Income generating activities for vulnerable groups: This is designed to finance small income generating micro­enterprises for vulnerable groups (women and landless), which will promote the project's objective of equity and sustainable NRM. These SHGs would be identified during the watershed planning process through a wealth/ asset ranking PRA methods). Training will be provided to vulnerable groups to encourage their entrepreneurial development. The Income Generating Activity proposals will be developed after the implementation of the Entrepreneurial Development Program (EDP) and reflection of WC of the overall envelope and the target groups. The funds will be disbursed through the GPs to the SHGs, who will manage them. The funds will be disbursed in two installments based on the implementation performance of the SHGs who are managing the income generating activities for which specific indicators have been included. The WDT's endorsement (sign off) will be required on each proposal to ensure that the E&SA has been applied.

• Revolving Fund: Revolving fund (RF) has been provided for marginalized groups, which are either left out or receive little benefits from the watershed treatment activities of the project. Most of the proposed watershed interventions are land­based and thus, to provide benefits to these groups, special activities have to be thought that the project does not profit only the landed and affluent sections of the village. In addition, this is a mechanism to involve these people with the implementation of the project, who may otherwise remain indifferent.

Since all income generation activities, from the selection of the activity to the final disposal of the product would be decided and executed by the Self Help Groups (SHGs) themselves, a participatory process methodology would serve best. This would not only result in poverty alleviation in tangible terms but also help marginalized section to organize themselves into sustainable SHGs. This would go a long way in meeting the goal of productivity enhancement of the project areas.

The overall objective of the RF is the socio­economic upliftment of women, poor, SC/ST and transhumant communities by the expansion of income earning options / through on farm & off farm employment and sustainable and efficient use of natural resources. Some key preconditions are needed for this:

ü Availability of infrastructure, both physical and institutional, at local level.

ü Access to support services (e.g. credit, inputs, training and information)

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ü Access to markets and knowledge.

ü Safeguard against ecological problems (e.g. land degradation, overexploitation of natural resources and endangered bio­diversity)

• Implementation Strategy for IGAs; The implementation strategy for enhancing incomes of vulnerable groups will take place in seven steps:

ü Identification of vulnerable sections/individuals and their need assessment

ü Formation of SHGs of identified vulnerable groups/individuals and women

ü Entrepreneurship Development of the SHGs.

ü Selection of(the Income Generating Activity (IGA)

ü Formation of ,Sub Plan for RF

ü Implementation of Sub Plan for RF

ü Networking of Groups for the sustainability of IGA

VIII Identification of Vulnerable Groups and their Needs:

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Who: WDT

When: After orientation of the GP & community to the project

• Help the communities understand the reasons for their poverty, what opportunities could reduce their poverty and how they can collectively act to make this happen.

• Conduct Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) for the identification of vulnerable group /individuals

• Identification of vulnerable sections of the society, poorest of the poor, through the process of wealth ranking

• Ascertain their special needs and existing gaps.

• Take stock of the needs of the community for viable economic development.

IX Formation of SHGs:

Who: WDT

When: After identification of vulnerable groups/individuals.

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• SHGs of groups/individuals identified as part of the above­mentioned exercise and will be formed as per the NABARD guidelines. Economic homogeneity and emotional affinity will be key factors for formation of any SHG.

• They will function as credit and thrift groups. However, to promote Income Generation Activities from the beginning itself, commodity approach will be emphasized during the formation of SHG. This will enable to develop further linkages regarding IGAs at a cluster level.

• Other factors to be considered in formation of SHGs are:

Ø Availability of resources , needs and demands of the community as regards taking up viable IGA in the project areas.

Ø Scenario of other ongoing IGA schemes and their beneficiaries.

Ø Members of those vulnerable groups, not covered under other ongoing Schemes will be given priority during formation of SHGs under the project.

X Capacity Building of SHGs:

Who: WCDC/Other institutes assigned by SLNA.

When: Upon identification of capacity building needs by the SHGs & PIA staff

• Prepare comprehensive capacity building plan in consultation with SHGs. • Training would cover the following areas:

Ø Aspects including market analysis and trends, pricing, rights and rules, etc.

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Ø Production aspects of IGA including technical training.

Ø Value addition and storage.

Ø Marketing

Ø Record keeping, bookkeeping and management of finances.

Ø Follow up training to meet the ever­changing needs of the market

Ø Institutional development, cooperatives, federations

• The above mentioned subjects will be covered under two sub­components of capacity building program:

i. Entrepreneurship Development Program (EDP): The EDP will be conducted after the completion of basic modules to the SHGs and within first 18 months of / the project. It will assist the SHG

members in identifying a viable activity, which they can take up for the enhancement of their livelihood. Aspects such as market analysis, quality control, management of finance, establishing forward and backward linkages, pricing, rights and rules etc. will be covered through this training.

For the selection of members for EDP, priority will be given to poor dependent on occupation merely adequate for subsistent living. Groups who are graded 'Good 1 will be eligible for this program.

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ii) Skill Training and Exposure program: Skill training will be conducted for those members who have participated in the EDP. It is presumed that the SHG members who start IGA

activities will be given skill training and exposure.

XI Selection of IGAs:

Who: SHGs

When: After completion of EDP

• Following factors may be considered for the selection of a specific IGA for a specific group. The ES&A will also be applied at the time of the selection of IGA.

Ø Availability of resources

Ø Existing skills and capacity such as carpet weaving, handicraft, etc. which can be converted into IGAs

Ø Quality and marketability of the product

Ø Sufficient demand of the product

Ø Risk taking capacities of the groups

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Ø Financial inputs required

Ø Forward and backward linkages

XII Sub Plan for RF:

Who: WC Assisted by WDT

When: Upon receipt of IGA proposals for funding from SHGs

• Upon finalization of an IGA by the SHG, it will prepare a proposal for funding and submit the same to WDT for appraisal. Through WC clearance by the WDT, will be submitted to GP which shall incorporate a same into its annual sub plan for IGA activities.

• If a proposal is not viable, it will be sent back to the SHG for appropriate changes and resubmitted by the SHG to WDT for appraisal. The same shall then be submitted to the WC.

XIII Networking of Groups for the sustainability of IGAs:

Who: SHGs , Experts including WDT

When: Upon maturity of SHGs and starting of IGAs at a certain level

• Upon maturity of SHGs and reaching of IGAs to a certain level, the project would encourage the formation of Association and Federations of SHGs.

• These would be based on production, processing and marketing of the products.

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• The activities of these institutions would include Input Management, Common Storage Facilities, Grading and Packaging, Group Marketing, Market Outlet Development, Joint Market Negotiation and Transport Organization.

XIV Utilization Mechanism for RF:

Due to the limited saving capacity of SHGs, their savings amount may not be sufficient to undertake IGAs. Thus, under the project, it is proposed to provide working capital assistance to the SHGs engaged in IGAs. It will serve the purpose of promotion of micro­ enterprises and will work as a Revolving Fund. This fund will be utilized by the SHG either for a joint IGA or for individual initiatives. For additional funds, SHGs will be linked to the banks.

At revenue village level a Sub Plan will be prepared by the vulnerable groups with the assistance of WC/WDT. This plan will include the following:

1. Prioritization of IGA for the Revenue Village based on their viability

1. Detail out the utilization and recovery mechanism of this Revolving Fund.

This evaluation will be done by WDT after EDP and skill development program. The indicators for the assessment of SHGs will be mainly as follows:

• Regularity of meeting and attendance

• Regularity of saving and common fund generated

• Bylaws formed and proceeding should be recorded

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• Awareness about income generation activities

• Capacity building ( EDP, skill development)

Further, the SHGs will carry out self­assessment to gauge their requirement of working capital and the,availability of resources. On the basis of both these assessments, the grading of SHGs will be done and money from the Revolving Fund will be given to such groups which will fulfill the parameters. SHGs not receiving funding during the year will be reassessed the following year.

Fund Flow Mechanism

Assessment of SHGs Preparation of IGA Proposal by SHGs

Appraisal by WDT

Release of funds to SHG SPA signed between SHG & WC

Appraisal of proposal by WC

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Under this project the mechanism of fund flow to SHGs for IGAs may not be very fruitful as communities are used to have access in a short­cut manner & such a trend may tend to distract SHGs taking initiatives. A locally viable system to be worked out by WC in consultation with WDT & PIA to provide assistance accordingly.

XV Review and appraisal of GPWDP/Work plan:

Who: PIA & WCDC

When: After receiving proposed GPWDP/Work plan from WC

• Receipt of the proposed GPWDP/work plan by WCDC.

• Appraisal of the GPWDP by WCDC as per of E&SA.

• If any shortcoming is found or if the GPWDP proposes to spend beyond the financial ceiling set for the GP, then WCDC will send it back to the WC with written observations and recommendations.

• The WC shall consider these observations and recommendations and may make appropriate changes in its GPWDP/Work plan for approval.

• The final GPWDP shall be resubmitted to WCDC for further implementation

(GPWDP /Work­ plan as evolved out in this DPR shall be implemented in toto ).

XVI Payment to WC:

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Who: WCDC

When: After approval of final Work plan/ GPWDP & submission of AWP .

• After approval of GPWDP/Work Plan , the WC shall prepare a detailed Annual Work Plan (AWP) for the first year. This will contain details of activities to be funded and implemented, who shall implement them and when, who shall benefit from them, details of beneficiary contribution, and the cost to be incurred for each activity.

• On­account payment' amounting to 10% of the approved AWP amount will be transferred to WC account by the WCDC. • The WC will need to maintain and submit books of accounts and other documents while claiming reimbursement.

XVII Process of 2 nd and 3 rd year AWPs:

Who: WC

When: After successfully implementing 1 st year's AWP

• The WC shall make a detailed AWP for the second year upon near completion of activities listed out in the first year's AWP.

• This AWP will be submitted to the WCDC for information, MOU signed for its implementation, and transfer of due funds to the WC Account.

• Same process will be followed for AWP for the third year.

IMPLEMENTATION & FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT:

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The WC will get funds for implementation from the project through their WCDC and will also have to collect the beneficiary contributions as agreed to with SLNA. The Funds made available to WC by the project will be of two kinds.

• Implementation Fund. • Revolving Fund And the fund generated by the WC will be watershed Development Fund.

Implementation Fund:

Implementation Fund will be the grant transferred to the WC for the implementation of Project activities. As such major amounts received by the WC will be under this head. This fund will be used only for the activities proposed in the Project. The amount will be received in a separate Bank Account i.e. 'Watershed Development Project Account' which will be operated by Secretary of WC (under the control of Chairman, WC).This funds will be utilized for payment of works done & for which issue of cheques to be done jointly by Secretary, WC & a designated WDT member .

Revolving Fund:

This fund relates to the amounts transferred to the WC for the purpose of enhancing equity and providing small loans to vulnerable groups in the project area / village. The amount will be received by the WC in its 'Watershed Development Project Account.

I. Flow of Funds to the WC : Initial On­Account Payment:

On­Account payment to the extent of 10% of the Annual Work Plan shall be given at the beginning of the Project to the WC. It will be however adjusted on the completion of the GPWDP cycle.­ (The initial on account payment to WC will be guided & subject to time to time instructions of SLNA).

Reimbursement of Cost of Works:

During Implementation of the Project, reimbursement of expenditure on works shall be made on submission of monthly financial statements. All expenditures made as per the agreed work plan , incurred during the month will be reimbursed by the WCDC. In the event that the money is completely spent

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before the end of the month, the WC can submit the financial statements before the end of the month and receive the reimbursement.­( This arrangement will be subject to changes which is more appropriate for timely implementation).

II. Estimates and Technical Sanction: Who: WC and PIA

When: Before initiating any activity.

• After preparation of detailed AWP and receipt of the initial On Account payment from the PIA the estimate for each activity to be initiated will be prepared by the WC with the help of the Technical Representative of the WDT .

• Technical member of the WDT will carry out the following functions in preparation of detailed cost estimate of activities earmarked to be undertaken in a village:

• The Technical Representative of WDT, along with a WC member shall take up survey of a particular work for preparing the estimates. For Departmental works, Respective Unit officer shall give technical approval. The design and the estimates need be discussed with the concerned members and finalized.

• Technical member of the WDT will carry out the following functions in preparation of detailed cost estimate of activities earmarked to be undertaken in a village:

• Sanction of the Activity:

A technical sanction will have to be obtained for each estimate prepared by the project area before initiating any activity. The T/S amounts will be as per financial delegation of powers given to DRDA The format of Technical Sanction is as follows­

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Technical sanction for watershed works :

Sanctioning Limit Sanctioning Authority

Up to Rs 10,000 Should be passed in the meeting of WC. No sanction from PIA required. Copy will be sent to PIA for information.

Above Rs. 10,000 1).Sanction from PIA is required according to norms. The estimates prepared will be submitted to the WDT by WC for according sanction from the WCDC under DRDA.

2).Sanction upto Rs.1.50 Lakh to be done under the technical competency of APO/TA ­ cum­ designated officer under IWMP of WCDC, DRDA

• Once sanction is granted, a 'technical sanction number.' shall be allotted for each activity. • An Integrated Activity register shall be maintained by the Secretary at each WC. • There will be no splitting of work/activity for the purpose of by passing sanctioning requirement from PIA for activities above Rs. 10,000.

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• Format for accord of Technical sanction is as under­

FORMAT FOR TECHNICAL SANCTION FOR EACH ACTIVITY

NAME OF PROJECT AREA & UNDER WHICH GRAM PANCHAYAT_________

Technical Sanction

Activity Name:____________________________ Sanction No._______________________

Units / Physical Measurement______________ Total Cost as per estimate:_________

Place of Work:______________________________ Beneficiary Share:_________________

Date of Start:_______________________________ Project Share:______________________

Date of Completion:__________________________

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Summary of Estimated Expenditure, Sub­activity wise

Sl. No Sub Activity Name

Unit of Measurement

Units Rate per Unit

Total Cost

Total

Less: Beneficiary contribution:______________________

Project Share:______________________________________

Sanctioning Authority

Name :

Signature:

Date:

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III. Implementation Agency for Work:

• The WC will have the right to appoint anyone of the following Implementors for the implementation of the work:

Ø The Gram Panchayat

Ø The Individual Farmer (Beneficiary) for the work to be executed on his individual land. (Individual will work as a contractor, in the case.)

Ø User Group/SHG may be engaged for the activities to be implemented on common/ community/ village assets or on individual land or asset, should the beneficiary have no ­ objection to this arrangement. Revenue Village Committee will also work as a contractor.

Ø The First Right of implementation of each work under the project rests with village­level entities such as the User Group, SHG or the Van Panchayat, individual farmer. If these options are not available then the WC itself may decide to execute the works. If all the above options do not work out only then the works will be awarded to independent contractors, However the WC will have to obtain in writing their inability to undertake the project activities before awarding the contract for the 'said work to an independent contractor.­(WC will take liberty under guidance of PIA/WCDC to decide on this aspect)

Ø In case of special technical requirements for which the above mentioned village level institutions do not possess adequate capacities, and then the WC may outsource a contractor having past experience in specialized technical works. Such a Contractor will be appointed only after the Beneficiaries have deposited the full amount of their share of the cost of the said activity in advance .

Sub­Project Agreement between WC and Implementer:

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If the WC does not undertake to execute the work on its own, then for each activity a Sub­Project Agreement (SPA) shall be signed between the WC and the Implementer. The design and cost estimates prepared with the assistance of WDT Representative shall form part of the SPA. The major areas covered in the SPA will be as follows:

Objectives:

• Sub Contracting

• Implementation of Works

• Procurement of Material

• Responsibility of Damages

• Time Limit

• Schedule of Payment

• Duties and Responsibilities of the WC

• Duties and responsibilities of the Implementer

• Settlement of Disputes

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• Ownership and responsibility of maintenance post completion of works.

IV. Implementing the Work:

• Technical representative of the WDT will provide guidance to the Implementer and will monitor the work to ensure that the work is completed in time and as per the estimates and the designs prepared.

• Work must be completed in the sequenced manner as approved & ratified by SLNA.

• Technical Representative of the WDT team shall verify the progress of works at different stages and record in a Measurement Book (MB) after verification. The MBs however shall be kept in safe custody of the Secretary, WC. The format of the MB, as prescribed by the State Financial Rules vide form nos. 16 and 17, should be followed.

V. Basis of Payment / Reimbursement:

• If the WC undertakes to implement the work on its own then the WC cannot spend more than the amount sanctioned, net of beneficiary contribution.

• In case the work is implemented by an Implementer other than WC, the total payment made shall not exceed the estimated unit cost (net of Beneficiary Contribution) as approved and adjusted proportionately for actual measurements.

• If there is any change in design with respect to original estimation, revised sanction should be sought in this regard.

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• The above amounts will also be eligible for reimbursement to WC by WCDC.

Authorization: The bill received will have to be routed through the Secretary who, before making any payments, shall cross check with the Integrated Activity Register to verify the quantum of earlier payments made before getting it approved by the WC. All payments shall be authorized by the WC, which shall meet for the purpose at least once a week.

VI. Stages of payment:

• Bills for the work implemented by WC itself will be paid as soon as it is authorized by the WDT

• The payment to the Implementer (Individual/VP/UG/SHG) will be on the basis of running bills and subsequently on final bill supported by the Completion Certificate.

Advances:

No advance payments shall be made to the Implementers.

Following Table summarizes the fund flow from WC to Implementer:

Fund flow from WC to Implementer­

Particulars Types of Implementers

Individual Farmer

VP/SHG/UG/ Outside

Gram Panchayat/Projec

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contractor t communities.

Basis of Work On contract Basis On contract Basis On actual basis

Payment Timing On the Basis Of running bill and / or Completion Bill

On the Basis Of\ running bill and / or Completion Bill

On presentation of bills for Material/ Labour etc

Basis of Reimbursement from DPD to GP

On the basis of Estimated Unit Cost. (Net of beneficiary)

On the basis of Estimated Unit Cost. (Net of beneficiary)

On actual cost to the extent of amount sanctioned, net of Beneficiary Contribution.

Certification of Running Bill / Completion Bill

To be prepared by Implementer and certified by Representative of RVC and WDT,

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Advance Nil Nil Nil

Against Running Bill cum Work done Certificate

80% of the amount certified as per the bill

80% of the amount certified as per the bill

Flow of Funds

Against Final Bill cum Completion Certificate

Full payment as sanctioned, net of Beneficiary Contribution

Full payment as sanctioned, net of Beneficiary Contribution

On actual basis, up to the amount sanctioned, net of Beneficiary 'Contribution

Capacity building scheme:

Sl. No Activity Name of the Scheme Nodal Department

1 Skill up gradation SGSY RD 2 Entrepreneurial

Development programmes

EDP Training Industry, Tourism , Textiles & Handicrafts.

3 IT IT Training Self­employment.

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Proposed Plan:

As per provision of the common Guidelines for Watershed Development Projects the proposed area will be treated according to the fund provision made by the Government of India. The administrative expenditure such as salary / honorarium to the staff engaged in the implementation of Projects, contingencies and other expenses of stationary, IEC activities etc. would be meet out from the provision of Administrative Head.

. Work Phase:

Under this component the objectives are:

• Economic development of community through optimum and sustainable utilization of natural resources like land, water, forest etc. to save environmental degradation and employment generation through works and development of human and other economic resources by promoting savings and income generation activities.

• Restoration of ecological balance in the village through soil and water conservation measures leading to reduction in soil erosion, water conservation, increase in vegetative cover etc. and sustained community action to operate and maintain created assets and further development of natural resources in the watershed.

• Improvement of socio economic condition of the village community particularly the resources poor and the disadvantaged sections of the community such as asset less, SC / ST and the women distribution of the benefits of land and watershed resources development and biomass production and greater access to income generation opportunities.

Water management Activities:

To improve the water availability in the project area by evolving various water harvesting technologies and promoting optimal use of available water for the purpose to improve the rural livelihood & economy of the farmers of the project area and to reduce the chances of floods and soil erosion in the areas down below, the following activities are proposed:

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(a) Rain Water Harvesting: It is common that in the West siang & Aalo West in particular, the rain water flows top to down which generally run away from surface into deep drain in Nallas and waste away. As such to conserve the rainwater for domestic as well for irrigation purpose the following rain water harvesting activities are proposed: (i) Construction of Ponds / tanks: The ponds are constructed by excavating earth and forming embankments with stone lining to harvest

rainwater. An approach path with stone pitching is provided in these ponds. Size of these ponds depends upon catchments area and space available. The ponds are main source of rain water harvesting in rural areas because the water stored in the ponds are used by the villagers not only for irrigation purpose but also for their domestic and cattle use. These ponds are also helpful in recharging of ground water table. The irrigation tanks to provide the irrigation potential in watershed areas will be constructed keeping in view the construction of ponds and tanks the harvesting of rain water will be ensured and with the recharging of traditional water sources the problem of drinking water in project areas will be reduced.

(ii) Rooftop Rainwater Harvesting Structure: The Government is very keen to construct maximum roof rainwater harvesting structure to meet out the drinking as well as domestic needs. These are under ground stone masonry tanks in which roof run off are lowered down through pipes for kitchen gardening and domestic use etc. is having capacity of 9 to 10 cum. Such type of activities will also be given due consideration in the implementation of watershed development projects in rural areas of the State.

(iii) Dams: The soil conservation and rain water harvesting are the major component for treatment of area under watershed development projects. The construction of dams will be in the priority areas to harvest the rainwater and to check the soil erosions of the area concerned. Keeping in view the geographical condition and position of sites the following type of dams will be constructed in the watershed areas.

(b) Earthen Dams: These are constructed with rammed earth and a central core wall of some impervious material across the nallah having slope less than 5% and have sufficient pondage on the u/s side. Suitable spillway is provided to dispose of the surplus run off. Harvested water is used for providing irrigation, development of fish; cattle’s drinking etc. height of dam depends upon water demand, storage, catchments areas etc. But generally average height proposed is 6.00 meters.

(c) R.C.C. Dam: These types of dams are constructed of mass concrete where foundation is rocky & cross section of nallah is small and stone aggregate is cheaply available. In these types of dams spill way is provided within the dam body.

(d) Masonry Dams: These dams are constructed of stone masonry at places where stones are cheaply available as compared to stone aggregate. The purpose and size of the masonry dam are same as that of RCC dam.

(e) Water use.

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Minor Irrigation Activities:

The irrigation is the major component that play pivotal role to improve the agriculture, horticulture production and attractive income generation to the watershed communities. The proposed activities under this component are:

(i) Lift / Gravity irrigation scheme: In take structure are constructed at the available water source from where it is taken to the fields either by lifting or by gravity through irrigation channels and accordingly the scheme is called lift or gravity irrigation scheme. In case the discharge at the source is not sufficient to meet the requirement, storage tanks are constructed from where the stored water is recycled to the command areas. This would include construction of protection works for productive management also.

(ii) Makowal Type Structure: At locations where river beds are generally sandy and an impervious layer lies at a small depth, harvesting of sub­ surface flow is done by construction of a head wall across the nallah up to the impervious layer, a water collection chamber with filters and wing walls. Water from the water chamber goes to the storage tank constructed on d/s side banks from where it is delivered to the field through pipes / irrigation channels.

(iii) Irrigation channels ( MIC) : Under this activity, lining of existing water channels is done with cement concrete or stone masonry cement mortar so as to reduce the water loss due to seepage and more area is brought under irrigation. Size of channels depends upon the availability and requirement of water.

All the works / activities under Non­arable Land Treatment will be identified in micro watershed basis as a part of watershed planning and will be implemented through Watershed development Committee in the jurisdiction area of watershed Committee with technical support from the Project Staff/WDT.

Since the objective of the Project is to reverse the process of degradation of the natural resource base, soil and water conservation measures will receive priority. The basic principle of ridge­to valley approach in watershed management will be followed. As such, treatment of the catchments area before or along with the development of water resources will be the essential process for project implementation. The soil and water conservation measures will be areas specific, need based and will be decided for specific catchments area. Maximum importance will be given to vegetative and engineering measure for enhancement of livelihood local communities.

Afforestration:

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Since the rural population of the state depends mostly on forest to meet their fuel and fodder needs, due to which there has been gradual depletion of forest wealth in the Himalayan. Afforestation is thus essential for the sustainability of Himalayan ecosystem. The forest blank are potential area for carrying out afforestation under which mix spices are suggested in various patches mainly to produced multi purpose products to improve the economic status of the watershed community.

The catchments area treatment will receive priority over general improvement of forest area. The treatment will be site specific and will include not only tree plantation but also improve the grass production which is more attractive to the community due to quick and visible benefits. Concept of Ridge­to­Valley treatment is to be followed strictly.

The plan of work and selection of tree and vegetative species will be the choice of the community / GPs and execution will be done by the GPs / WC. The watch and ward of plantation, to ensure the effective use and maintenance would be the responsibility of GPs / WCs. The need­based training to the Project staff and local community will be provided under this component. The treatment in inter­GP areas (i.e. those areas outside the jurisdiction of GPs) will be executed by the Project Implementing Agency.

(i) Rehabilitation Plantation (Normal and Lantana): The objective is to improve, restore and maintain the stocking of desired species in the degraded forest areas where natural regeneration is deficient or absent. Temporarily un­stocked –forests, away from habitations and inter G.P areas will be taken up for treatment Indigenous species or specie growing under similar habitat condition elsewhere will be preferred.

(ii) Conservation Plantation: The objective is to raise probative plantation in the form of three tire combination of grasses, shrubs and trees to check, soil erosion by both falling and flowing water, promote in situ moisture conservation and improve soil fertility, productivity and biodiversity.

Ravines, erosion prone areas, large slips and catchments of reservoirs and dams, water harvesting structure will be taken up for treatment with species of soil conservation base of thick foliage. Efforts to control lantana will be made by special treatment of cutting twice a year till there is enough vegetative cover to suppress it.

(iii) Community Plantation: The productive plantation of grasses and trees with people’s participation for augmentation of availability of fodder, fuel and small timber in the rural areas will be raised. Reducing the pressure on forestlands, Fringe areas between forests and habitation, common lands and wasteland will be taken up for treatment with species preferred by the local community.

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(iv) Development of Non Timber Forest Produce: Keeping in view the geographical condition and marketing potential, the medicinal grass, shrubs and tree species Rubber etc of economical importance to augment the rural house hold income will be introduced. Choice of species will be according to locally factors, choice of villagers and marketing possibilities.

(v) Nursery raising: Under this component a centralized nurseries are raised at­least on 2 hac of land each in order to ensure adequate and low cost supply of desired spices for plantation purpose. It is also proposed to setup decentralized nurseries particularly in distance located watershed where the cost of transporting the plants become uneconomical so that the area proposed to cover under a forestation sector can be treated more effectively.

With the active participation of watershed communities, the nurseries will be established with modern techniques to ensure the quality planting material for plantation in watershed areas. The capacity building measures will be initiated under the project to enhance the capacity of user groups to collect and market the NTFPs and sub­projects / activities will be implemented to encourage the plantation of medicinal and other high value crops­especially short duration species­to make the forestry plantation as an attractive income­generating component for the community.

Pasture Development:

With increase in cropping area under vegetable production alternative sources of fodder are shrinking and thus pressure on natural pastures is increasing. Natural grasslands and pastures are the major sources of fodder for wild animals / cattle and play critical role in livelihoods of transhumant and local alike. The production of dry grass ranges from 10­15 quintal / ha, which can be raised upto 150 q/ha with better management. Grasslands are facing major threats from invasion of weeds rendering them unproductive and women do not prefer cutting grass in such areas. The problem of grazing is further increased due to stopping of winter grazing facilities of transhumant, which were earlier available to the grazers of the State in adjoining states and the flocks of these grazers had to be accommodated in the state for winter grazing. Natural pasture are reported to be overgrazed. Such huge portion of land meant for permanent pasture can not be overlooked for development under watershed development programme. Thus the pasture lands will be developed by silvipasture methods including plantation of leguminous species, nutritious grasses and other economically useful species with active participation of village people to ensure the sufficient available of fodder through out the year. By sufficient quantity of fodder the Animal Husbandry Sector will definitely be strengthened and quantity and quality of milk production, wool production, will also be increased substantially in rural areas of the State. The developed pasture land will be protected by barded wire fencing and social fencing as suitable for the area and undesired bushes and weeds and other grasses with less nutrients particularly lantana bushes besides being harmful for the grazing animals will also be removed and area will be covered with improved quality grasses and fodder tree plantation.

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Soil Conservation Activities:

(i) Drainage Line Treatment: To facilitate the establishment of vegetation or to provide protection (RCC/Boulder pitching) at points cannot be adequately protected in any other way. The erosive velocities of run off are reduced manifold by flattening out the steep uniform gradient of the gully by constructing a series of checks dams (commonly known as check dams) with locally available material from top to bottom. Activities proposed under this component are:

(ii) Brush Wood Check Dams: In gullies having side slopes less than 45 degrees, poles of about 7.5 cm diameters are driven into the ground in a single or double row across the nalla at right angle to the flow. The brushwood is packed against the u/s face of the poles.

(iii) Contour Trenching: Contour Trenches is excavated along the uniform level across the slope. Bunds are formed down hill along the trench with material taken out of them. The main idea is to create more favorable moisture condition and, thus accelerate the growth of the plated trees. Plants are put on the trench side of the bunds along the berms. The excess runoff is conveyed through a vertical disposal drain. Such contour trenchings are also in the form of land developments at certain places by which the production management is also done.

Livelihood Component:

In Papum Pare District, 90% population in rural areas are dependent on Agriculture, Horticulture, Animal Husbandry and other traditional activities like weaving, wood craft work, etc. Hence, the focus under watershed development will be to improve the socio­economics condition of the community of rural areas. Common guidelines for watershed development has specific provision of outlay kept for livelihood component.

In certain pockets of Arunachal Pradesh, it is feared that the crafts like Metalcraft, Ornaments, Wood Carvings, wood Turnings, Kinnauri Shawl Weaving Traditional Footwears, Embroidery, Paintings etc. have either gone extinct or are on the decay. Besides their employment potential of these crafts depict the aesthetic genius and technical competence of the craftsman of the Pradesh.

Livelihood is a key component of the household economy in West Siang district. It is source of additional income to farming households, especially the poorest of them. About 73% total rural household in India keep and own livestock of one kind or another to drive an average 20% of their income from this source. Women provide nearly 90% of all labour for livestock management. The entire rural economy of the State centers on Agriculture, Horticulture, Animal Husbandry, Sheep and Wool Development, cattle rearing,Forest, Fishery, Poultry, bee Keeping, Floriculture, Mushroom cultivation, Sericulture, Mining etc.

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Livelihood dependent upon Forest goods and services are very high in many areas. Total rain­fed conditions and lack of access to markets alone (despite their large landholdings and greater livestock numbers) can make the people of such areas much poorer than those who have small holdings but line in the valley.

Under watershed Development the productivity, enhancement and livelihood will be given priority alongwith conservation measures. The systematic approach would be adopted for resource development in order to promote farming and allied activities, by resource conservation and regeneration. Suitable water sources are to be creating community tank, assistance will be provided to the community / Group of farmers as per provision of the guidelines, besides providing assistance for maintenance and construction of ponds, wells Apart from developing water sources to ensure round the year irrigation. The use of plastics on farm management of water has gained significant importance in recent years. The plasticulture applications include water distribution network through plastic pipes, plastic sprinklers, micro irrigation, micro sprinkler, nursery nags, green house, net structures, walk in and low tunnels, plastic mulching etc. Drip irrigation is useful from the point of view of judicious utilization of scarce surface and ground water resources.

In the rainfed areas the animal resources are major source of income and will be integrated with watershed development projects so that a comprehensive animal husbandry component would contribute significantly to ensuring a better and sustainable livelihood for the people of the watershed / rainfed areas. Watershed approach is gaining importance in planning and implementation of natural resources management programmes. Such approach will be used to check soil erosion and denudation of catchments areas of important river systems for mitigating floods, landslides and for reducing siltation. Synergies between concerned Government Agencies. PRIs and NGOs will be developed for supporting watershed approaches for natural resources management. This will be coordinated through nodal agency. The Project will explore the potential of market­based infrastructures for facilitating protection and development. The Government will also liaison with other mountain state in the country to explore market or ensuring payment for watershed services to the District and Village community for protecting, managing and developing watershed. Some activities in the village /project area to be taken up will be­

• IT training small outlets. • Cycle repair • Plumbing • Mobil repair

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(a) Livelihood Frame Work:

• Choosing the right livelihood activities for intervention through techno­ market feasibility • Choosing an appropriate form of household level groups to mobilize. • Choosing an appropriate structure at the cluster level to federate village level organizations and identify what they should do collectively. • Identifying a suitable market to sell the products. • Ensuring adequate finance to operate the whole chain from farm to market.

(b) Institutional Building:

• Promoting / strengthening community Groups / institutions / User Groups, Self –Help Groups (SGHs), particularly of the poor / women. • Promote and support the federations (of SHGs, CGs, User Groups). • Capacity building of PRIs and other local village level institutions to Plan, Implement and maintain the assets created under Watershed

Development Programmes. • Building the skills and capacities of the poor and their service providers. • Sensitizing line department and banks to extend their moral support and responsive behavior according to the needs of inhabitants of the

watershed area. • Organize Exposure visit for community leaders and representatives of the federations, GP representatives and the project staff.

(c)Livelihood Gaps / Opportunities:

Since the project’s livelihood interventions would target the poor sections, it becomes critical to define who will be those poor since many of the criteria for defining and under standing poverty at the village level may not be uniformly applicable. For instance, at high altitude, remote village or Panchayat land holdings may be comparatively larger than the valleys or livestock numbers may be greater, but total rain­fed conditions and lack of access to markets alone can make the people of such areas much poorer than those who hold less land but live in the valley. For the marginalized

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groups who are generally the poorest traditional occupations like grazing the village livestock, fuel wood and fodder collection, tree cutting and timber conversion, NTFP collection, etc. still form major livelihood.

The gram Panchayat with the help of SHGs, professionals and WC, will initiate participatory process for preparation of watershed Development plan for the GP / Micro watershed. This plan will be a result of livelihoods analysis that includes resource mapping / assessment, analyzing existing livelihoods and new livelihoods opportunities against items like available of raw materials, Skills available, existing livelihood, existing Market demand, marketing Facilities within and outside the village, transportation networks etc. Potential livelihood opportunities for communities will also be identified during this process.

Natural resources form the livelihood basis for most people of the district. There is a high degree of dependence on these resources and as a result often conflicts are observed between resources managers and other stakeholders. With the active involvement of PRI, SHG and USGs ­all the conflicts will be resolved by introduction of equitable distribution system as outlined in the instant DPR.

Livelihood Activities:

(i) Agricultural / Farm Sector activities: Out of total 287500 hectare area of the district, 7279.5 ha (2.532 %) is net sown area . More population of women is engaged in agriculture. The

climate of the district is suitable for growing non­ seasonal vegetables and there is sufficient scope for increase in production of off­season vegetables under watershed development projects. Similarly, the production of cereals and pulses can be increased with the intervention under Watershed management.

Production of cereals and pulses have increased over last 30 years but during the same time period, total cropped area declined marginally . Area under vegetables has registered an increase during the last three decades. For traditional crops, fertilizers use is generally 40kg/ha, whereas for both HVC and fruits, this is up to 60 kg/ha. Agricultural practices are contributing to soil erosion and people are facing marketing related challenges. These gaps will be bridged through implementation of watershed development projects.

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This subcomponent will improve cropping systems through promoting adoption of new agronomic practices, crop diversification into high­ value crops, reducing post­harvest losses and increasing value­addition. It will also improve water availability in the Project area using evolving water harvesting technologies and promoting optional use of available sources. The activities such as Land Development and to introduce improved cropping system, Introduction of High­Value crops / varieties, Improve cropping systems (Horticulture), Homestead Horticulture and High yielding Cultivars will be introduced in the watershed areas. The Agriculture will continue to remain the main source of income for the community in the project area, support will be provided for the traditional crops as well as the High­Value Crops (HVCs)

While preparing the DPR the focus has been given for the land development activities particularly for the development of lands of weaker section with the active participation of the beneficiaries. The activities such as protection of soil erosion and introduction of vermi­culture will be given priority under watershed development within the prescribed limit of outlays as per common guidelines for watershed development. The convergence of other on going schemes relating to area development and poverty alleviation will also be taken into account on formation of action plan. Major emphasis will be given on the production of HVCs especially for those areas where new irrigation resources will be developed. This will include off­season vegetables, spices, floriculture, medicinal and aromatic plants. For vegetables and spices where the local market is available or can be stored before sale, demonstration will be laid out in an area of maximum 0.2 ha for one family. Besides the seed planting material, training / exposure visit, demonstration will be provided to build the confidence and know­how about the latest technology.

For HVCs such as medicinal and aromatic plants which have no local market and the produce has to be partially or fully processed, a strategy will be developed to identify a new potential crops which (a) can be successfully cultivated in the Project area: (b) perfect production technologies are available: (c) quality seed and planting material can be made available in time: (d) facilities exist for processing or can be made available if essential before the produce can be marked: and (e) assured markets are available (specific trader with commitment and an important stakeholder( following will be the approach to facilities introduction of such crops.

Farmer’s nurseries will be encouraged through training and providing support on cost sharing basis for greenhouse, plastic tunnels etc. The benefits of green house for high breed vegetables, floriculture and for nursery rising will be admissible to the framers from project funds as per provision exist under Horticulture Technology Mission.

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The support will be provided from the introduction of fruit crops in terms of quality seedlings for a family with the condition that all other practices will be implemented by the beneficiary as per agreed technology.

(ii) Animal Husbandry and Diary development: Rising up of livestock is an integral component of rural economy for Arunachal Pradesh in general & west Siang in particular. There is a dynamic

relationship between common property resources such as forest, water and grazing land, livestock and crops. Livestock depend at a certain extent on fodder and grass grown on common property resources as well as on crops. At the same time the animals returns, fodder grass and crop, residues to the common property resources and fields in the form of manure and provide much needed drought power.

The perspective plan laid emphasis on the livestock sector and established Cows semen processing lab for breed improvement, emphasized mineral­ mixture feed supplements provided chaff cutters, and promoted stall­feeding and the other facilities to the farmers in project areas as per admissibility in the guidelines and in other on going schemes.

The main activities which will be considered under Watershed Development Project to enhance livelihood are as under:

Papum Pare has no recognized breed of cattle except MITHUN and the livestock population mostly comprise of non­descript type with relatively low milk production potential. The productivity of animal maintained under village condition is comparatively low. Cattle­ Mithun & cow/ox of locals and Pig rearing for meat is the prominent animal husband dry occupation of the rural people and 90% of these rural households are engaged in keeping the livestock for supplementing their source of income and nutrition. Mitthun rearing fetch the villagers with huge income as it is one of most earning professions where manfolk engage themselves. A succesful farmer engaged in MIthun rearing is able to provide financial needs of children’s education & other exigencies as single Mithun is sold off for a price of Rs.15,000 to 32,000 based on size for meat or other rituals/ marriage purpose. Mithun rearing is a sacred job the community consider as it is recognized a precious domesticated cattle which is used in matrimony, rituals & having a huge meat value. It’s sale rate is around Rs.130­150/kg. This project will endeavour to undergo some systematic rearing of Cow & Mithun with needful facilities in collaboration of AHV at project area.

In predominately agrarian economy of the district, agriculture and animal husbandry is the main stay for more than 80% of the rural people. The agriculture in general is restricted due to hilly­terrain, full of climatic hazards and small and scattered land holding with limited irrigation. Besides, agriculture, the farming families are having livestock as a primary or secondary source of earning from the sale of livestock and their produce such as milk, Mithun,Cows, Pigs, goats & their products, wool mutton etc. As a result of the ongoing cattle breeding programmes, the average milk production of cross breed cow is very low per

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day. The department has planned to increase the population of crossbreed cows from the present level in order to enhance the milk production substantially per day & meat from these cattle. The milk production shall be achieved by supplementing the present infrastructure by providing 100% breeding facility through the artificial insemination. Milk production shall be simultaneously sustained by boosting fodder production by cultivation in the field during both the Rabi and Kharif fodder production season for which a timetable for greens fodder production round the year shall be evolved. Cattle rearing will also attribute. Improved fodder seeds shall be distributed to the identified farmers as a cash crop to exploit milk production potential of a cross breed progeny. Factors like cattle breed, feeds and fodders, are variation, water supply, clean and hygienic sheds, disease free status, macro and micro nutrient level, stage of milking and frequency of milking are responsible for variation and production of milk, which needs to be taken into consideration of improvement under one or the other components for ensuring maximum level of production of milk. Cattle rearing will also attribute Mithun for the purpose of systematic rearing for employment generation, income & creating awareness of rampant slaughter may lead to extinction of the species for which we are the proud owner To promote these activities Self Help Group / Society Mode approach can be given emphasis so as to make them self­reliant and help them BPL families giving at­least 60% representation to woman and SC/ST families but the non BPL families can be considered for benefits as admissible under the common guidelines for watershed management

The main objective of this venture is to develop the milk production & meat and to generate self­employment potential. To ensure the availability of fodder during dry season and to facilitate the weaker section of the society, the provision of fodder stores and cattle sheds can be considered the milk/ meat so produced shall be marketed directly by the self­help groups or through the already existing net work of Milk Society / Milk Federation. & meat in the local daily markets.

iii). Goat Husbandry: Goat farming is a traditional occupation of economically weaker segment of the society having twin purpose i.e. wool development and meat

production particularly in Tribal belts and remote areas of the State Comparatively, lower body size of the two species and their adoptability of vide range of agro­climatic condition have rendered them suitable for poor farmers. These animals are predominantly under extensive range management on community range land, cropped land after harvesting of standing crops and forest under mixed grazing conditions. The management of small ruminants does not require specialized skills: the surplus labour is gainfully employed for management and upkeeps of the animals. In West Siang, the organized breeding programmes, feeding management, husbandry practices, health coverage and marketing linkages are not adequate.

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The National Institute of Nutrition has recommended that a balance human diet should comprise of 11 KG of meat per annum. The available figures show that the current availability of meat is only 2.26 KG. Therefore the rapid increase in meat production is a necessity. But the lack of technical know how, improved bread and lack of marketing awareness are the main hurdles which are also effecting the economic health of particularly those families which entirely depend upon this activity. In order to boost and make this venture successful and more economic generating factor the following activities are proposed under this component:

• To supply the veterinary facilities and equipments. • To improve breed through cross breeding with improved quality breed. • To impact training and technical know how to the breeders in order to improve their skill in sharing and breeding etc. • To establish wool research and quality control laboratories for research and extension work in wool. • To established wool procurement and grading centers. • To facilitating marketing of wool within a State and outside the State. • To promote production shearing, procurement and processing of the wool.

Ø Poultry Farming: In West Siang, Poultry Farming has shown vast potential of self employment opportunity and augmenting the nutritional status of the rural

population by enhancing the availability of proteins in the diet at a reasonable cost in view of decreasing trend of per capita availability of pulses. The poultry Farming in the district play an important role in improving the socio economic status of rural population because Poultry Farming

requires minimum status of rural population requires minimum capital and ensure quick returns. The sale of eggs on day to day basis helps in increasing crop production through purchase of essential inputs such as seeds and insecticides etc., while the broiler faming provide handsome return for major investments at the farmers level. Therefore, need to start a chicken scheme in rural for major investments at the farmers level. Therefore, need to start a chicken scheme in rural area under watershed Development Programme especially of dual purpose variety, efficient for both egg as well as meat production as needed to make the rural inhabitants especially poor families self dependent. The people of district prefer quality units of small size i.e. 50 to 100 birds each rather then big units. The State department of Animal Husbandry has also developed poultry faming in the State through their net work.. The topography and the climate condition of the State are such that small size Poultry Farm are more successful. As such need to start small faming under subsidy especially for the beneficiary belonging to scheduled tribe families and marginal farmers in the project are is felt so that the poorest families are provided an incentive for starting poultry farming as an occupation. Under the proposed

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scheme one time assistance on sharing basis as per provision of guidelines in the form of poultry Farm sheds, chicks, equipments, medicines, Training and marketing will be provided.

Ø Fishery Development: The scope of pond fish culture existed in the district but due to hilly terrain, valley and complex topography the better result under this

component are yet to be achieved. In cold areas there are good scope for Trout culture and other cold water fishes. As such a scheme of fresh water fish culture in the district can be boosted successfully in private sector. The trout, which is international known fish is being cultured in the Government Farm. To take up this activity in project mode, some infrastructure will be setup, awareness activities amongst the people to be taken up on campaign and sustained basis, beside, raw material, seed and feed and marketing network need will be strengthened. The objective of the component is to generate more employment opportunity in fishery sector, to make fish farming a common man livelihood activity and to utilize the wasteland trout farms.

One unit of trout farming required construction of at­least two cemented raceway with a provision of RCC wall (15m x 2m x 1.5m) which involve approximately Rs. 1.20 lacs, with each raceway costing Rs. 0.60 lac.

Basic principle of Trout culture is “Running Water fish Culture”. Which lies in intensive stocking and fish rearing in barricaded longitudinal stretch well guarded by inlet and outlet properly flow of water required to each unit varies form 200­400 L/sec. Besides this facilitation of transportation for inputs and products, since fishery is a perishable commodity it needs to be transported in cool chain to the market. For this purpose special funds provision required.

Ø Horticulture: The Horticulture section, which includes fruits has ample potential for development as compared to other crops in the Northern Eastern State of

Arunachal Pradesh in view of diverse agro­climate condition, varying soil types and abundance of rain fall which has remained unexploited.

The development of NE region examined by various commissions and committees recommended Integrated Development of Horticulture based on the recommendations a centrally sponsored scheme on technology mission for integrated development of horticulture.

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The Horticulture Technology Mission is working in the State with the goal to establish convergence and synergy among numerous on going governmental programmes in the field of horticulture development to achieve horizontal and vertical integration of these programmes to ensure adequate, appropriate, timely and concurrent attention to all the links in the production, post­harvest management and consumption chain. Maximize economic, ecological and social benefits from the existing investments and infrastructure created for horticulture development, promote ecologically sustainable intensification, economically desirable diversification and skilled employment to generate value addition, promote the development and dissemination of eco­technologies based on the blending of the traditional wisdom and technology with frontier knowledge such as bio­technology, information technology and space technology, and to provide the missing links in ongoing horticulture development projects. The components / activities of Horticulture Technology Mission will be adopted in the implementation of Watershed Development Programme. The small nurseries will be developed and provision will be made for the availability of plant material, equipments and Farm Tools besides facilitating the families in watershed areas with sufficient availability of water, birds’ protection nets, post harvest management technology in the cluster approach. Green House approach will also be given due weigtage under this component. Since the district is hilly terrain and in case of the areas where road connectivity is lacking the ropeways connectivity for trans­shipment of the agriculture horticulture product will be introduced. This will not facilitate the farmer for transshipment of their produce but also the transportation charge will be less in comparison to transportation of their produce through roads.

Ø Bee Keeping: Small farmers of the district have adopted Bee keeping with the objective to produce disease resistant types as well as best quality honey and to promote the role of honey bee as agent of pollination for increasing crop productivity. Crop plants are cross­pollinated, as they need to receive pollen from other plants of the same species with the help of external agents. One of the most important such external agent are the honeybees. A few colonies of honeybee when placed in the filed, when crop is in flowering stage, press into service several thousand foragers for pollination. The abundance of pollinators, help in early setting of seed, resulting in early and more uniform crop yield. Scientific studies have established that increase in yields of various crops due to the pollination by honey bees range from 20% to 100%. On the basis of published information, 12 crops of economic importance such as almond, apple, coconut, grape, guava, mango, papaya, mustard, sunflower, cotton etc. are specifically dependent upon or benefit from honeybees pollination. Honeybees also produce honey, bee wax and royal jelly thus giving additional benefit to farmers. Moreover, honeybees do not limit their pollination services to a single species rather a large number of agricultural crops are pollinated by them. To encourage the groups of BPL / small farmers at district level bee keeping equipments with latest technology to assist the procurement storage and marketing of honey will be patronized under watershed development projects.

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Ø Mushroom Cultivation: The cultivation of mushroom was initially started because of rich contents of protein its cultivation has gained momentum, and there is large scope for cultivation of mushroom in the district on commercial scale. The Mushroom Development Project under the aegis of United National Development Programme was established in 1977. Under the Programme, the inputs such as compost, casing, soil & spawn etc. are supplied to the mushroom growers. Now this project has converted into National Centre for Mushroom Research and Training by the Government of India. Besides, making research and imparting training this centre is providing various incentives to the small­scale farmers and un­employed youths for the cultivation of mushroom. Resultantly Papum pare district of the State has been able to come up on the production Map of mushroom cultivation. In order to enhance the productivity of mushroom in the State, this activity will be adopted in the suitable areas by making the provision of funds for construction / renovation of mushroom sheds. Making provision of subsidy as per admissibility in the common guidelines will cover the other components of mushroom cultivation such as compost and spawn.

Ø Cultivation of Medicinal / Aromatic Plants: A number of species, mostly important herbs of mid hills and particularly high hills required special attention for conserving them These species are threatened primarily due to habitant degradation, weed invasions and over exploitation (rampant extraction), as these are sources of livelihoods for poor. Plantation of sea buckthorn will be given high priority in cold desert areas and plantation technology for sea buckthorn will be standardized through collaborative research for wider adoption and acceptance. Better and modern nursery management practices will be adopted at block level to ensure the availability of quality planting stock.

The climate and geographical condition of the District are suitable for growing medicinal and aromatic plants. An important aspect of this trade is that 24 species out of the top 100 medicinal plant species traded in the country are found in the State. An assessment in the buffer zone of Grant Himalayan National Park about the contribution of medicinal plants to the economy of forest side people reveals that harvesting and trade of medicinal plants get every household and average annual income of Rs. 14000. The trade in medicinal plants is largely unregulated, secretive and exploitative and takes place in the form of raw material. People therefore, do not get benefits of possible value addition to this raw material. Keeping in view the market requirements, cultivation of selected medicinal plants such as Kuth (Saussurea lappa) , Poshkar (Inula racemosa) and Caraway (Carun Carvi) will be done in the tribal region and have proved vary productive for the tribal population of other States. Similar initiatives in temperate Zone with selected high value species will be very fruitful to the farmers in augmenting their cash return.

Most of these plants are collected from the natural forests and sold to the ‘local’ traders and middlemen on charging a very nominal export and collection fee for exporting these herbs outside the state.Regular exploitation of these important plants from their natural habitat. Production and collection

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as recorded by the State Forest Department is practically too less than the actual and which has also noticed a drastic decrease. Local people who were depended on these resources for augmentation of their cash earning are facing a lot of difficulty in meeting their day to day requirements. Since the agriculture is the main occupation of the rural people and collection of minor forest produce such as medicinal herbs was the easiest way of generating income for the families, which needs to be protected.

Cultivation of selected medicinal plants of known commercial value is the need of hour and can arrest the on going exploitation from natural forest Development of cultivation practices will be useful on one hand to the local people as additional source of income and on the other hand technology will help in the conservation of these important biodiversity.

There are a number of Protected Areas for which restricted area permits (RAP) are taken for access in districts of state. Access denial to resources affects livelihoods of communities in and around protected area. Besides the PA, there are some good quality patches of natural habitats falling in the State and these areas may require special attention. Under watershed Development Programme the cultivation of medicinal / aromatic plants will be propagated for generation of additional income of the people of watershed areas.

Ø Sericulture: Mulberry based sericulture is a land – based activity with good potential for generating productive employment. It are several advantage such as labour intensive nature, low capital investment, short gestation period and good market. It has also special significance in employment of women and aged who have limitation like low resource base of less physical stamina or due to social custom against working outside the home. In the lower hills of the district majority of families are engaged in sericulture activities who are producing good quantity of cocoons and also earning good return. There is an existing network of technical service station and mulberry plantation, which provide a technical input to the farmers and which need to be further strengthened.

However, sericulture is still being practiced in the most traditional way and in unhygienic condition, which has restricted growth of sericulture both in quality and quantity. The need of hour is, therefore, to organize the poor families in SHG’s and motivate them to adopt latest technology developed by the technical agencies, viz by adopting low cost humidity free rearing structure along with local technology inputs. Under Watershed Development Project the technical assistance and other inputs would be provided to rural poor for adopting sericulture as alternative economic activities.

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The Benefits to the poorest section of the society by way of organizing them into SHGs will be provided from project funds and necessary technical infrastructure will be created as per requirement of DPR. The capacity building infrastructure, technology and credit & marketing support will also be provided.

Under Watershed Project additional area shall be identified and following opportunities will be created:

• Macro propagation of Mulberry Plantation by involving SHG, GP, Yuvak Mandals, Mahila Mandals etc. • To double the numbers of existing sericulture families by introducing multiple rearing pattern. • Forward linkage by way of introducing silk reeling and weaving.

Ø Mining: Unscientific mining of sand, aggregates, sand stones, limestone etc., is on the rise Based on conservative estimate, Huge quantities of sand, gravel

and boulders are extracted annually from river / streams. Apart from generating substantial direct revenue of Rs.7016.35 lakh during 2004­2005 which has gone down to 193.51 lakh during 2006­07 with generation of direct / indirect employment in far flung areas of the State. Although the activity of mining cannot be adopted frequently due to environmental hazards but where the resource of livelihood depends on mining this activity can be considered under watershed development project subject to permission of competent training and mining techniques to ensure minimum damage to environment.

Ø Handicrafts and Handlooms: Handicrafts are an important cottage Industry of District and have the second largest employment potential in the rural sector being next to Agriculture. Importance of Handicrafts Industry in the economy lies in the artistic designs, low capital investment and family based skills, which passes on from generation to generation with no formal training. Since the activity is not taken up as primary occupation & much of attention not provided for adequate design, the required price is not achieved & hence discouraging. There is a need to attribute more attention by communities in the project area with more artistic look & professionally. The state Govt. has set up Handicraft and Handloom Directorate with the primary objective of up­liftment of weavers / artisans of the Pradesh. The handicrafts, handloom and other rural artisan’s activities will be given priority under watershed development programme for additional income generation by the watershed communities.

Ø Eco­Tourism: A wide variation in the geographical and climate condition prevailing in Arunachal Pradesh & West Siang has resulted in vast potential in tourism. In fact, the prevailing makers have always considered tourism as an industry while formulating strategy for actualization of this potential. If guided by the right policy, this particular industry has a potential for long term sustenance as well. Clean and beautiful environment,

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waterfalls, virgin forests, historic monuments and hospitality of the native people of the State complete the indicative list of prerequisites for sustaining tourism related activities in the long run. The potential for earning livelihood not only by the urban population but also by rural population of the district in this sector is immense. Tourism helps providing employment mainly in three ways:

• Direct employment by rendering of hotel and catering services, as porters transport and working as tourist guides. • Employment through production of goods and services required by the tourist during their stay at the destination. • Employment through the activities undertaken for development of infrastructure required for promoting tourism. • Sumo Services to travel to hilly & zig­zaag destination.

The number of tourists visiting in Arunachal Pradesh & districts has been increasing over the year. The number of tourists who visited the State in the year 2001­2002 was 6077 and this number declined to 51755 in 2006­07. Papum Pare has vast tourist potential, a large part of which is still unexploited. The entire region is known for their clean environment and raw beauty in terms of high snow clad mountain peaks, meadows, thick forests, wide range of flora and fauna and places of historic and religious importance. This region has slight advantage in term of natural beauty as compared to that available in the Low Hills and the Valleys and the Plains.

Promoting tourism in the lesser known areas through a suitable designed policy will surely help in providing livelihood opportunities to the people living in these areas on sustainable basis. The tourism industry in the recent past has ventured into the field of recreational travel, adventure and sports tourism ands cultural tourism. Under Watershed management, the places of high attraction of tourists like Mechuka Malinithan & others will be developed by adopting the activities linked with eco­tourism in identified areas. The big Check Dams / Ponds having the scope of boating / water games etc. the assistance from the watershed management Programme will be provided to the youths for purchase of boat, Dhabas and other business activities etc. Another segment which has a vast potential for promoting tourism is health tourism in term of herbal and medicinal plants cultivation. There is also a need to convert Arunachal Pradesh in general & the district in particular from being a holiday destination of medicinal / aromatic, plant will be propagated to attract more tourist and to generate additional income of the people of rural areas.

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The quantum of funds for these activities would be made according to the admissibility in the guidelines.

Ø Micro Enterprises and Skill Up gradation:

In Papum Pare approximately 66.59 % rural households are living below the poverty line. Apart from BPL families, some other households are having very small holdings. These households are mostly dependent for their survival on the agricultural, animal husbandry and other labour intensive activities. But due to limited opportunities and lack or technical know how the youth of rural area are visiting other places especially in urban areas for employment. Due to meagre opportunities of jobs for non technical persons in industries, these youths are either engaging themselves in uneconomical jobs or remained idle for long period involving wasteland expenditure and wasting valuable time. If the employment opportunities to the youths in micro enterprises are ensured at their door steps or nearby areas, the valuable time and expenditure can be saved and financial status of these families will be improved. Thus the opportunities exist under Watershed Management for skill up gradation of rural youths through reputed / recognized institution / organization in the field of micro enterprises. In the present scenario the electronic related items are available with almost every rural household and in case of any defects in these item the solution is to get repaired these items in the market or by engaging the mechanics with is time consuming as well as the costlier affair. It the youths of the area or nearby area are trained in these activities, the wage employment to the needy person and saving in the expenditure can be ensured at village level. Similarly the Refrigerator repair, Motor repair, Welding etc. can also be considered as trade for skill up gradation of rural youth in project area. Other professions like Masson Carpenter are also important mean of income generation in rural areas. But due to change in living standard of the people, the modern items are being used for construction / decoration of buildings for which the latest technical skills is required to be upgraded of the persons involved in massonary and carpenter works to earn sufficient income of rural poor people by providing assistance and skill up gradation training under these trades. The Animal Husbandry is most important mean for livelihood enhancement in rural area. But due to lack of proper marketing arrangements, the inhabitants use to sell their produce in throw away prices to the middleman. In case the local youths are trained in the preparation of especially bio product of milk such as cheese khoa etc. the wage employment opportunities will be increased and producer will also get more income from their products. The other trade relating to food products like Sepu Bari, Pickles, Souses, James, Juices and food cum medicinal items like Anbia Candi, Trifla, Murba etc. can also change the economic status of rural people in case these items are prepared properly in hygenic condition by maintaining standard. The training on these trades will be fruitful in relation to self employment opportunities and to increase the economic status of rural people. To make the rural youth self dependent the watershed Development Programme can be the most useful tools especially to build their skill / knowledge. It is therefore proposed that the self help constituted; and proper training for up gradation of their skills will be provided as per provision in the Watershed Development guidelines to make them self employed by adopting income generating activities.

‐ 173 ‐

To upgrade the skill and to start the income generating activities, the provision of subsidy will be kept to all the rural household comes under the category of marginal farmers, unemployed youths, Agriculture labourer, non agriculture labourer and rural artisans through self help groups irrespective of their selection in BPL list. But the quantum of benefit would not be more than the prescribed limit under SGSY, in other projects and provision of the guidelines. However, the first priority for these benefits will be the BPL families/ST population.

Watershed Development Fund (WDF):

People’s contribution towards WDF is a mandatory condition for selection of village for watershed projects. The contribution will be 10% of the cost of NRM works executed on private land which will be a minimum of 5% in case of SC / ST. Other cost intensive farming system activities such Aquaculture, Horticulture, Ago­forestry, Animal Husbandary on private land directly benefiting the individual farmers, contribution will be 40% for general categories and 20% for ST / SC beneficiaries.

These contributions are acceptable either in cash at the time of execution of works or voluntary labours. An equivalent to the monetary value of the voluntary labour would be transferred from watershed project account to the WDF Bank Accounts which will be maintained separately apart from WC bank Account. User charges, sale proceeds and disposal amounts of intermediate usufruct right shall be deposited in the WDF account. Income earned from asset created under the project on common property resources shall also created to be WDF.

Secretary, Watershed Committee shall maintain separate Account of income / expenditure of WDF. The rules for operation of WDF shall be prepared by watershed committee and ratified by PRI. This Account shall be operated by President of GP and any members from SHG nominated by Gram Sabba. The guidelines for management and utilization of WDF shall be evolved by SLNA / DoLR, GOI.

After completion of phase­II at least 50% of WDF shall be reserved for maintainenance of assets created on community land or common use under the projects (work taken up on private land shall not be eligible for repair / maintenance of this fund).Remaining money to be used as revolving fund to advance loan to the villagers of the project area who have contributed to the fund. Individual / charitable institution shall be encouraged to contribute generously to this fund.

‐ 174 ‐

In the instant projects the assets created are anticipated for common use although works are taken up on private land hence 50% of WDF funds is to be allowed for maintenance of asset. Remaining used as revolving fund to the villagers of the project area. Any remaining fund as a result of interest accrued by generous contribution by individuals / charitable institutions shall be mooted for onward transfer to the user group under the supervision of WC / PRI / WCDC, DRDA with proper Exit­protocol as per time to time instruction communicated by SLNA.

PHYSICAL & FINANCIAL PROJECTIONS OF IWMP­I­Doimukh & Balijan CD BLOCK:

To achieve the objective of Watershed Development Project and to enhance the livelihood opportunities total 6720 hectare areas ( Jullang at Doimukh CD block for 4520 ha & Jote at Balijan CD block for 2200 ha) has been proposed for treatment in this DPR as IWMP­I­Doimukh CD Block of the district of the State.The proposed area will be treated in a phased manner within a period of 4­7 years and involvement of Panchayati Raj Institutions and local communities constituted & annexed herewith will be ensured at each level to achieve the objectives of the watershed Development Projects. The financial provision as made in the guidelines are not sufficient for treatment of whole proposed areas but the concept of convergence is important for adding additional financial resources to be taken up as the concept of convergence is important for adding additional financial resources to take up the suitable infrastructure and livelihood related activities. The additional provision of funds are required for implementation of watershed project in the hilly areas like West Siang of Arunachal Pradesh, However with the possibilities of increase in per hectare norms for hilly areas, the per hectare cost norms has been approved at the rate of Rs. 15,000/­ per Hectare instead of 12000/­( Plain ) & Rs.6000/­( earlier). ?

The component wise phasing along with work plan showing physical and financial program of watershed development for a period of 4 years along with the activities to be taken up at each location as identified is depicted in the DPR­which shall be adhered in toto during execution. Papum Pare being predominantly a hilly district with difficult terrain a financial outlay of Rs.15,000 per ha. has been taken . Thus a total outlay of Rs.10.08 crores ( central share of 90% ­ Rs.9.072 crore & State share of 10% ­1.008 crore ) has been projected for a period of 4 years which may even be extended on unavoidable circumstances but not exceeding to 7 years subject to proper review/recommendation of SLNA & approval of DOLR,GOI. The financial provision required for the 1 st instalment (20% which shall be released in phases­6% instantly on receipt of sanction by SLNA followed by 14 % on DPR submission & recommendation of SLNA to DOLR,GOI), 2 nd instalment (50 %) & 3 rd instal (30%).

As per common guidelines para 9.3, the following budget component has been prescribed for the project:

Budget Component:

‐ 175 ‐

Sl. No Components Provisions (%age) a)1 Administrative Cost 10% 2 Monitoring 1% 3 Evaluation 1% b).Preparatory Phase 1. Entry Point Activities 4% 2. Institutional and capacity building 5% 3. Detailed Project Report 1% c).Watershed work Phase 1 Watershed development works 50% 2. Livelihood activities 10% 3. Production system and micro enterprise 13% d).Consolidation Phase 1 Consolidation phase 5%

Grand total (a + b + c + d) 100% a).COMPONENT WISE FINANCIAL OUTLAYS FOR TREATMENT OF 6720 HECTARE LAND AGAINST IWMP­I­DOIMUKH & BALIJAN CD BLOCK (@ Rs. 15,000/­ per hectare :

Budget distribution of IWMP­I­Doimukh & Balijan ( Jullang­4520ha & Jote­2200)

Total Project Area :6720 Ha.

Total Budget : Rs.100800000.00

‐ 176 ‐

Sl. No. Particulars ( Budget Component)

Norms (%)

Total amount (Rs. in lakhs) Remarks

1 2 3 4 5

1 Administrative over head

i) Administrative Costs 10 10080000.00

ii) Monitoring 1 1008000.00

iii) Evaluation 1 1008000.00

2 Preparatory Phase

i) Entry point activities, 4 4032000.00

ii) Institution and capacity building 5 5040000.00

iii) Detail Project Report (DPR) 1 1008000.00

3 Watershed works phase

i) Watershed development works 50 50400000.00

ii) Livelihood activities for the asset less person 10 10080000.00

iii) Production system and micro enterprises 13 13104000.00

‐ 177 ‐

4 Consolidation Phase 5 5040000.00

Total 100 100800000.00

The Treatment plans & activities identified to be carried out for the project is highlighted as follows­

1).Watershed Development Plans for IWMP­I­Doimukh & Balijan CD Block:

ORK PLAN FORMULATED UNDER THE INTEGRATED WATERSHED MANAGEMENT PROGRAMME.

Project Outlay: 1008 lakhs

No. of SHGs formed: 03 nos Name of the project:IWMP­I­Doimukh & Jote CD Blocks( Jullang­4520 ha & Jote­

2200ha Villages).

District: Papum Pare. Total Area: 6720 ha

No. of UGs formed:02

State: Arunachal Pradesh Date of Apprvl. Of the Work Plan as in DPR:

No. of WAs forme d:

Date of Sanction:3rd Nov'2009. No. of WCs formed: 02

Target ( Activities to be taken up) Total

Year­1 (2009­10) Year­2 & 3(10­

12) Year­4(2012­13)

Year

Sl. No Activites Cost / Unit

Physica Financi Physic Financi Physica Financi Physi Financ

Re ma rks

‐ 178 ‐

l al al al l al cal ial 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 13 14 15 16

Financial Assistance given for

I Administrative Costs(10%). 20.16 50.4 30.24 100.8

II Monitoring (1%) 2.016 5.04 3.024 10.08 III Evaluation(1%) 2.016 5.04 3.024 10.08

1

Sub­Total 24.19 60.48 36.288 120.9 6

Preparatory Phase ( Nos):

I Entry PointActivities (4%) 40.32 40.32 29.86 a).Repair/upgradation/ Renovation ofCommunities at Jullang & Jote. 2 10.00 2 10.00 b).Repair/ Renovation of farm pond at Jullang & Jote 1 4.20 1 4.20 c).Upgradation of land protection for productivity management. 1 3.20 1 3.20 c).Repair / restoration of damaged water supply intake points, platforms 1 3.00 1 3.00

2

d). C/0 link road at Jullang & Jote 2 7.66 2 7.66

‐ 179 ‐

e).Recharging of natural Spring & renovation i/c Channelization. 1 2.10 1 2.10 e). Establishment of Transit local hut. 1 4.60 1 4.60 f).Others (WC,SHG, UG formation,Awareness geneartion,IEC,Baseline surveys, Tech­ network,DPR, Resource­ use agreements, participatory monitoring etc.) 6 5.56 6 5.56

15 40.32 15 40.32

II

Institution & Capacity Building (5%)­ (In nos) which includes: 10.08 25.20 15.12 0 50.40 i).Community Sensitization & PRA exercise etc. 2 3.00 5 8.00 3 4.00 10 15.00 ii).Training of all PIA staff,WDT,WC,SHGs,Ugs etc. 2 3.00 4 6.00 2 4.00 8 13.00 iii).Exposure visits & others 2 4.08 5 11.20 4 7.12 11 22.40

6 10.08 14 25.20 9 15.12 29 50.40 III DPR (1%) 1 10.08 1 10.08 1 10.08 Sub Total 22 60.48 14 25.2 10 25.2 45 100.8

‐ 180 ‐

Watershed Works Phase: A). Watershed DevelopmentWor ks (50%):

I

Soil & Moisture Conservation Works( ha) 19.00 47.50 28.50 95.00

a Vegetative barriers 26.67 4.00 66.67 10.00 33.33 5.00 126. 67 19.00

b Gully Plugs 26.67 4.00 0.00 26.6 7 4.00

c Contour & Graded bounds 26.67 4.00 46.67 7.00 21.67 3.25

95.0 0 14.25

d Bench terracing 26.67 4.00 60.00 9.00 35.00 5.25 121. 67 18.25

e Others which includes following­ 46.67 7.00 116.67 17.50 100.00 15.00

263. 33 39.50

i).Land development ii).Field bunds etc.

126.6 667 19

316.6 7 47.5 190 28.5

633. 33 95

II Water Harvesting Structure (Nos) 21.80 54.50 32.70

109.0 0 `

a Farm ponds 2 4.00 4 8.00 2 2.00 8 14.00 b Nallah bandh 3 5.00 2 4.00 5 9.00 c Check Dam 4 6.00 3 4.00 7 10.00

3

d Percolation Tank/Storage Tank 2 3.80 4 8.00 2 4.00 8 15.80

‐ 181 ‐

e Others­ 0 0.00 i).Minor irrigation channel 3 5.00 5 5.00 2 4.70 10 14.70 ii).Gabion structure 6 6.00 3 4.00 9 10.00 iii).Land protection (RRM) for channel 4 7.00 6 10.00 4 6.00 14 23.00 iv).Ground water Recharge 1 2.00 2 3.50 2 5 5.50 v).Earthen/Brushwood/L oose Boulder Checks 2 3.00 3 4.00 5 7.00

12 21.8 36 54.5 23 32.7 71 109 III Afforestation ( Ha) 132 19.80 330 49.50 198 29.70 660 99.00 a Private Agriculture Land b Community Land c Forest Land

Others including­ i).Regeneration of vegetative cover ii).Rubber,Aromatic, Medicial tree plantation. iii).Bio­fuel plantation

132 19.8 330 49.5 198 29.7 660 99

IV Pasture Development (ha) 19.20 48.00 28.80 96.00

a Private Agriculture Land 26.67 4.00 93.33 14.00 53.33 8.00 173. 33 26.00

b Community Land 46.67 7.00 80.00 12.00 60.00 9.00 186. 67 28.00

c Others which 54.67 8.20 146.67 22.00 78.67 11.80 280. 42.00

‐ 182 ‐

includes following also­

00

i).Sericulture ii).Bee keeping ( apiculture) iii). Cattle Rearing & Livestock iv).Micro­enterprise. v).Backyard Poultry

Sub­Total 128 19.20 320 48.00 192 28.80 640 96.00

V Horticulture Development (Ha) 21.00 52.50 31.50 52.50

a Private Agriculture Land 53.33 8.00 120 18.00 66.7 9.00 240. 03 35.00

b Community Land 46.67 7.00 80.00 12.00 13.33 7.50 140. 00 26.50

c Others including­ 40.00 6.00 150 22.50 40.04 15.00 230. 04 43.50

i).Nursery Raising for Podder & crops. ii).Floriculture

140 21.00 350.0 0 52.50

120.0 7 31.50

610. 07

105.0 0

B).Livelihood Activities for Assettless/downt rodden/marginal farmers(10%) (in nos) which

13 20.16 34 50.40 20 30.24 67 100.8 0

‐ 183 ‐

includes­ ii).IT training & related jobs,Mobile repairs iii).Handicraft­ wood/bamboo carvings & Cane Works iv).Bamboo veneers for Plywood v).Cycle Repairs vi).Plumbing v).Procurement,processi ng,marketing of foodgrains. vi).Value addition to Agri products.

13 20.16 34 50.40 67 100.8 0

C). Production System & Micro­ enterprise(13%) (in nos) which will include­ 13 26.21 32 65.52 20 39.31 65

131.0 4

i).Dairy Milk production & collective marketing. ii).Pisciculture iii),Weaving iv).Piggery

v).Crop demonstration,seed

‐ 184 ‐

muliplication & banks. vi).Vermi­Compost vii).Promotion & Propagation of non­ conventional energy saving devices,.

13 26.21 32 65.52 20 65 131.0 4

4

Consolidation Phase(5%) which includes­ 20 50.40 20 50.40

i).Completion of various works. ii).Capacity building for new agenda items for post project period. iii).Sustainable management of developed resources. iv).Up­scaling successes on farm production/ off­ farm livelihoods. v).Preparation of project completion report vi).Documentation of successful experience/lessons learnt etc.

Sub Total 0 20 50.40 20 50.40

‐ 185 ‐

G/Total 586.6 667

231.8 4

1432. 67 453.6

773.0 7

263.0 88

281 1.40 3 1008

Area to be treated*

i).Forest Land

II).Community Land 672 100.80 1680 252.00 1008 151.20 3360 504.0 0

5

iii).Others 672 100.80 1680 252.00 1008 151.20 3360 504.0 0

Total area to be treated 1344 201.6 3360 504 2016 302.4 672 0 1008

People's Contribution to WDF account to be deducted as per para­73 of guideline & @ ­

i).5 % of the cost of NRM works executed on private lands for SC/ST. ii).20 % for other cost intensive farming system for SC/ST. * : Treatment map enclosed. The geographical locations of project areas as identified indicated with Latitude­longitude.

‐ 186 ‐

: Incase of plantation Activies No. of Plants per Ha may be indicated in remark col.

N.B: 1).These activities shall be carried out in respective project area duly indicated as per MWS­6 nos polygon & at locations of respective farmers . There will be no deviation & allocations should be utilized judiciously for implementation as per indication till completion of the project

2). The amounts for 4520 ha & 2200 ha will be utilized at two separate blocks phased out at Doimukh & Balijan.The WCDC( DRDA, Yupia) will ensure proper distribution of funds as per admissibility to these two blocks accordingly based on indicated project areas.

‐ 187 ‐

Chapter 10

Capacity building

a) Stake holders and capacity building requirements

Sl. No.

Project Stakeholder

Critical capacity gaps

1 Target community Sensitization on concept and importance of watershed approach as a development unit.

2 GPs Training on watershed development. Delineation of watershed areas and PRA exercise, monitoring, evaluation and social audit.

3 Watershed Committees

Planning on yearly calendar of activities, assessment of needs in the watershed areas, monitoring of day to day in watershed projects and book keeping.

4 SHGs Records maintenance, bank linkage, up gradation of skill for enhancing productivity.

5 UGs Importance of soil & water conservation, afforestation, horticultural crops, records maintenance on common property resources.

6 WDTs GIS mapping, Remote sensing, community organization, planning and implementation of watershed programme.

7 PIAs Planning and implementation of watershed programme, monitoring, MIS, online reporting to SLNA and CLNA.

8 DRDA/ZP cell 9 SLNA Policy and sanctioning of projects.

‐ 188 ‐

b) Strategies for capacity building:

Based on SLNA’s Action Plan and policy for watershed development in the state, the strategy taken up for capacity building is to identify national and state institutions where PIAs and all functionaries of the watershed project will be sensitized and trained. A calendar of training module shall be framed and conducted by involving the following institutions.

i).NIRD,Guwahati, ii). NESAC, Megalaya iii). SIRD, Itanagar, iv). ICAR, Basar , v).SRSAC, Ita,vi).NERIST, Nirjuli,vii).KVK itanagar,viii).District Industrial & Training Centre, Papum Pare ,ix).KVIC, Itanagar.

c) Capacity building programme to be taken up

a. PRA exercise­ Watershed development is a bottom up planning process. Before watershed project is started the farmers/Village communities have to be involved in watershed plan process. Orientation training and capacity building for PRA exercise shall be imparted to PIA, WDT members, WC and Users Group.

b. Training on survey and watershed mapping: WDT members and PIA have to be equipped with survey and watershed mapping with the scientific equipments such as GIS and other survey materials. Hence capacity building training for them will be conducted before the watershed projects starts.

c. Training for SHG: Concept and activities of SHG has to be imparted to each member. Micro financing and loan system and introducing them to financial institution will be done through the capacity building process.

d) Training manuals for training programme and field training :

WCDC under DRDA shall bring out training manuals for every items of watershed development. All the

functionaries of watershed project will go through the field training which will be planned and worked out as soon

as per SLNA directive based on approved State Perspective & Strategic Plan..

‐ 189 ‐

List of Training Institutes identified for Capacity Building at District level :

The State level technical experts headed by Head, professional experts being in constant touch with the DOLR, GOI acqiuants all aspects of IWMP & shall be invited to give short­term trainings for the project stakeholders­WCDC(under DRDA),PIA,WC,SHG, UG & PRI. WCDC(DRDA) & PIA/ WC may go in for outsourcing training needs to reputed NGO on specific approval of SLNA. Moreover, following institutes are identified for the same­

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

S. No .

Name of the

Training Institute

Full Address with contact no., website & e­mail

Name & Designation of the Head of Institute

Type of Institute

Area(s) of specialization

Accreditation details

1 NIRD, Guwahati

NIRD, Guwahati, Khanapura Ph:No. www.nird.org.in

N. Mallo, Director

National Training Centre

Watershed & Rural Development

National level

2 NESAC, Shillong

NESAC, Department of Space, GOI, Umiam­793103

(Meghalaya) Telephone: +91 364 2570140/141 Fax: +91

364 2570139 Email:

pinnamanemi1953@yahoo.com rao.npp@nesac.gov.in

Website: http://nesac.gov.in

Dr PP Nageswar Rao, Director

National Training Centre

Remote Sensing and GIS National level

3 SIRD, Itanagar

State Institute of Rural Development

Shri. Tope Bam

State Training

Rural Development / Watershed programmme

State level

‐ 190 ‐

Itanagar, Arunachal Pradesh ­ 791111.

Ph.No. 0360­2216911 (O & fax)

Director Centre

4 NERIST, Nirjuli

Director, NERIST, Nirjuli, Papum Pare District, Arunachal

Pradesh

Ph:0360/2257401.Fax:0360/22 58533

Dr. Joram Begi, Director

Regional Engineerin g Collage

Tech.College with knowhow in RD Programmes Watershed including specilization in Agri / Forest etc.

National level

5. ICAR, Basar

Joint Director, Basar, West Siang, Arunachal Pradesh,

Ph: 919435252487 Fax:03795/­­

R. Bhagawati, Jt. Director

Agri. Reasearch Institute

Reasearch institute in Agriculture

State Level

Information, Education & Communication (IEC) Activities

All the necessary information like temperature, rainfall, soil type will be communicated from micro­watershed level to WCDC/PIA to SLNA and from

SLNA to DOLR/ NRAA, GOI through website. SLNA shall have a separate office of its own and it shall have a fund provision for information, education and

communication. All the IT equipments provided to SLNA shall be made use by PIA/WCDC with the help of DOLR/ NRAA, GOI. Hard copies of any reports

and information shall be supplied to the concerned authority through speed post.

‐ 191 ‐

Details of IEC activities :

1 2 3 4 5 6

Sl. No. District Activity Executing

agency

Estimated expenditure for XI Plan period

(Rs. in lakh)

Expected Outcome (may quantify, wherever

possible)

1. Infrastructure development

WCDC (DRDA) in consultation with PIA &WDT/ WC.

5.20 i. 3 sets of computers with printers. ii. 01 sets of Xerox machines. iii. 01 sets of Fax machines.

2. Training WCDC (DRDA) in consultation with PIA &WDT/ WC.

1.75 Skill enhancement of field staff with the latest IT, GIS, Remote sensing and community organization.

3. Exposure trip WCDC (DRDA) in consultation with PIA &WDT/ WC.

2.2 Trip to renowned institutes, centres and project areas for firsthand experience.

4.

Papum Pare

Documentation WCDC 2.5 Documentation of best

‐ 192 ‐

& Translation

(DRDA) in consultation with PIA &WDT/ WC.

indigenous practices and success stories. Translation of scientific methods and practices of watershed programme into local dialects.

Chapter 11

Monitoring and Evaluation (M & E)

a) Performance monitoring of projects: National level monitors will be appointed by the ministry of Rural Development whereas State Level monitors will be appointed by SLNA. WCDC, DRDA & PIA/WC will take all initiative for the same.

b) Institutional performance monitoring: Monitoring on Institutional performance will be carried out from time to time with the monitors appointed by SLNA.

c) Internal learning: Through monitoring and evaluation the activities of SLNA, WCDC and PIAs will be monitored and corrective measures will be taken up.

d) Evaluation: SLNA will prepare a panel of evaluators with the approval of DOL, GOI. They will evaluate the performance in the watershed project in different stages.

‐ 193 ‐

List of Institutes identified for M & E at District level :

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

S. No .

Name of the

Training Institute

Full Address with contact no., website &

e­mail

Name & Designation of the Head of Institute

Type of Institute

Area(s) of specialization

Accreditation details

1 NIRD, Guwahati

NIRD, Guwahati, Khanapura Ph:No. 09435019953 www.nird.org.in

I.Mallo , Director

Central Govt.

Agriculture & Rural

Development

National level

3. ICAR, Basar Joint Director, Basar, West Siang, Arunachal Pradesh,

Ph:09436252487 03795­222237(F)

R. Bhagawati, Jt. Director

Agri. Reasearch Institute

Reasearch institute in Agriculture

State Level

3. SIRD, Itanagar

State Institute of Rural Development

Itanagar, Arunachal Pradesh ­ 791111.

Ph:09436041338 0360/2216911(O &F)

Shri. Tope Bam Director I/C

State Training Centre

Rural Development / Watershed programmme

State level

4. NERIST, Nirjuli

Director, NERIST, Nirjuli, Papum Pare District, Arunachal Pradesh Ph:0360/2257401 Fax:0360/2258533

Dr. Joram Begi, Director

Regional Engineerin g Collage

Technical Collage with knowhow in Rd Programmes / Watershed including

specilization in Agri / Forest

National level

‐ 194 ‐

etc. Chapter 12

Expected outcomes

IWMP­I­Doimukh & Balijan is a poverty alleviation programme. With the implementation of this project the various outcomes expected are:

1. Increase in productivity of the land 2. Create employment opportunities 3. Raise rural incomes and living standard 4. Reduction in migration from rural areas 5. Increase in water table in the area. This can be accomplished by water harvesting structure ,checkdam, afforestation & other watershed intervention by

recharging the ground water. As of now the water table of the project area is around 3.5 to 4 m at Holar, Nyayi, 4­4.5 m at Hodok, 4.5­5.5m at Amtum area & 4­5 m at Humi areas.

6. Restore ecological balance and overall environmental improvement. 7. Change in system of cultivation from shifting to permanent cultivation.

‐ 195 ‐

Expected/Estimated Outcomes

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

S. No.

Name of the District

Item Unit of measurement

Pre­project Status

Expected Post­ project Status Remarks

Status of water table

meters 3.5­5.5mtrs. 3­4 mtrs.

Ground water structures repaired/ rejuvenated

No. of unit Ground water recharging &

rejuvenation not initiated.

Rivers and streams will be recharged through water

conservation measures like

water harvesting structures, afforestation.

1 Papum Pare

Quality of drinking water

mg/L Unhygienic and contaminated(with Hilikamiya source,

PH­7,Total hardness caco3­ 20mg/l, Alkalinity­ 109.8, Turbidity­0 NTU, Iron­.3 mg/l,

chloride­10 mg/l,sulphate­96

Hygienic and pure

‐ 196 ‐

mg/l,Nitrate­30 mg/l & residual chlorine­0.2 mg/l.

Availability of drinking water

months Water available for 9­10 months.

All 12 months at project area with

treates w/s,rainwater harvesting

structures, Agri film/Polythene, Ring well, pumping set,

etc. Increase in irrigation potential

Hectares 326 ha More irrigation potential to be created­342.3

Change in cropping/ land use pattern

Type Traditional & Subsistence (rice, Maize & millet)

High yielding varieties of

rice,maize,millet & adoption of multiple cropping with cash crops,chillies,ginger..

Area under agricultural crop i Area under

single crop Hectares 52,980 58,278

ii Area under double crop

Hectares 6759 7434.9

‐ 197 ‐

iii Area under multiple crop

Hectares

Net increase in crop production area

Hectares 29,967 32,963.70

Increase in area under vegetation

Hectares 4,70,044.5 5,17,048.95

Increase in area under horticulture

Hectares 17 19

Increase in area under fuel & fodder

Hectares 44 57.2

Production: Milk Fish Meat

Ltr/year Tones/yr Tones/yr

150 60 ­

165 1071.892

­ No. of SHGs No. Increase in no. of livelihoods

No. 12 17 (Permanent cultivation, Mithun rearing, horticulture, fishery, apiculture,

weaving, handicrafts, etc.

Aerage income increase

Rs./month/Household Rs. 2737/­ Rs. 3345/­

Migration Person/yr 10 ( block) 7 SHG Federations No. ­ 11 One SHGs

‐ 198 ‐

formed Federation in each district.

Credit linkage with banks

No. ­ 15 SBI, Rural Bank of Arunachal, Arunachal state

Cooperative Bank, UTI,

etc. Resource use agreements

­ ­ ­ Agreement with user groups for management

and maintenance

of the resources created.

WDF collection & management

Rupees ­ ­ Watershed Committee will monitor and manage the fund.

Summary of lessons learnt

Bottom­up approach in planning process is found to be effective. Watershed as a development unit is found to be more focussed as it has a common outlet to easily assess or compute the sediment and water lossage. Promotion of women SHGs and their representation in the water shed committee has given the women a platform in the decision making and also

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enhancing their income through livelihood activities. Change in the mindset of people from the practice of jhum cultivation to permanent cultivation. Conservation measures of soil, moisture and water helped in reducing the problem of soil erosion and recharge of ground water table. Reversal in migration from rural to urban. Watershed programme resulted in increase of green cover, soil moisture and thereby improving the eco­system.

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