paradigms of - cnr-cmecnr-cme.ro/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/n_arghira_upb.pdf · dependence vs...

PARADIGMS OF DIGITALIZATION

Sergiu Stelian ILIESCU

Ioana FAGARASAN

Nicoleta ARGHIRA

University POLITEHNICA of

Bucharest

[email protected]

CONTENTS

1. Prerequisites for the digitalization concept

2. Smart Grid

3. Digitalization paradigm in the energy sector

4. Digitalization challenges: blockchain technology, cyber security, digital learning

DIGITALIZATION OF UTILITIES – 20TH OF JUNE 2019 2

INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION INDUSTRY 1.0 INDUSTRY 5.0


1st Industrial Revolution

~ 1780

- Mechanical production equipment based

on water and steam motion

- The telegraph enabled instantaneous

intercontinental communication;

- Innovation in agriculture.

2nd Industrial Revolution

~ 1870

- Electricity allows work division and mass production;

- First manufacturing line - Henry Ford (Ford Model T

- 1913).



3rd Industrial Revolution

~ 1960

- electronics and IT equipment

- Factory automation;

- First programable logical Controller - Modicon PLC

(1968);

4th Industrial

Revolution

~ 2010

- Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) (objects and

virtual processes linked through

communication networks)

- Internet of Things, Cloud technology



5th Industrial

Revolution

~ 2017

- Industry 5.0 is a future concept, starting a

closer human-machine cooperation, for

minimal production losses

- Perfect synergy between machine work

performance and human intelligence

CYBER PHYSICAL SYSTEMS


Cyber – Physical System ( CPS) - USA launched concept (2006)

Components: physical devices, computation equipment and communication

Control, computing and communication convergence

Applied to big and distributes systems

Power system applications: Renewable Energy Sources, Energy efficiency, Critical

Infrastructure.

Issues to be solved with CPS:

• Power flow control (real time ?)

• Stability control

• Operation safety

• Power system modelling

• Generation and consumption efficency

CYBER PHYSICAL SYSTEMS


- Industry 4.0 and Industry 5.0 is the European CPS

- CPS and Industry n.0 is based on digital/numeric

technologies

e.g. National Dispatcher - CPS approach

SISTEMUL ELECTRO-ENERGETIC

Telemasuri: P, Q, V, f, etc.

Telesemnalizari: pozitii,

intreruptoare si separatoare

TelecomenziTelereglaje

Inregistrare date

Afisare date

eronate

Validare

Alarme

Estimare stare

(statica si dinamica)

Siguranta in

functionare

Optimizare pe termen

lung si mediu

Analiza post -

avarie

Protectie

electrica

Dispecer

economic

Reglaj tensiune-

putere reactiva

(secundar / tertial)

Afisare pe panouConsola

operator

Reglaj frecventa/

putere activa

BAZA

DE

DATE

Siguranta in

functionare

PS

PS

CS

1. DIGITALIZATION


1. DIGITALIZATION


Timp (t)

Amplitudine

(x)

Timp continuu Timp discret

Amplitudine

continuă A. Sisteme continue

x

t

B. Sisteme cu eşantionare

x

t

Amplitudine

discretă

C. Sisteme tip releu

x

t

D. Sisteme de reglare numerice

x

t

Amplitudine

binară

E. Sisteme de comutare binare

x

t

F. Sisteme de comandă digitale

x

t

1. PREREQUISITES FOR THE DIGITALIZATION

CONCEPT

Smart Grid

The gravity center of energy generation moves towards ecological/renewable resources

European/Continental globalization of electricity generation, transport and distribution.


2. SMART GRID


SMART

GRID

ENERGY

MARKET

INFORMATION

TECHNOLOGY

DISTRIBUTED

ENERGY SOURCES

INTEGRATION

GRID SECURITY

INTELLIGENT

COMMUNICATION

2. SMART GRID – GOING DIGITAL


SMART

GRID

ENERGY

MARKET

INFORMATION

TECHNOLOGY

DISTRIBUTED

ENERGY SOURCES

INTEGRATION

GRID SECURITY

INTELLIGENT

COMMUNICATION

- Real Time Monitoring and Diagnosis;

- Real time flow control on all levels;

- Self-healing grid;

- Consumer load control and awareness

3. DIGITALIZATION PARADIGM IN THE ENERGY SECTOR


3. DIGITALIZATION PARADIGM IN THE ENERGY SECTOR

Digitalization is a new concept enabling the energy field new goals of DER integration and autonomous operation of the grid.

The digital energy grid brings closer and closer the physical energy layer and the cyber layer, through advanced communication infrastructure.

The smart grid digitalization facilitates high level functions (e.g. real-time power flow calculation, grid diagnosis, load and generation prediction and optimal, adaptive dispatch) at the distribution and even prosumer level.

It brings new applications or developments of several technologies: PMU, FPGA, dynamic state estimation, fractional control, smart sensors etc


3.1. SMART GRID DIGITALIZATION PILLARS

DATA : Energy measuring and actuating technology

AUTOMATION and COMPUTATION POWER (data/information processing and real-time decision making)

COMMUNICATION (new fiber optic based infrastructure replaces traditional copper wiring).



- Measuring and actuating technology


FOCS - Fiber-Optic Current sensor


Computing technology for data/information processing:

- Big Data

- Data security




Communication infrastructure:

- IEC 61850

- M2M communication

3.2. REAL TIME GRID SIMULATION SOLUTIONS


RTDS

HIL simulation

https://www.rtds.com/

https://www.rtds.com/the-simulator/



PSCAD

https://hvdc.ca/pscad/

Power flow computation

Dynamic analysis

Protection

https://hvdc.ca/pscad/



ETAP www.etap.com



https://www.emtp-software.com/

EMTP






SIEMENS PSS SINCAL

3.2. ELECTRICAL GRID SIMULATION SOLUTIONS


MATLAB/

SIMULINK


Dynamic analysis

3.2. ELECTRICAL GRID SIMULATION SOLUTIONS


DIGSILENT


Dynamic analysis

Protection

3.2. ELECTRICAL GRID SIMULATION SOLUTION


http://www.eurostag.be/

EUROSTAG

4. DIGITALIZATION CHALLENGES


4.1 Blockchain technology

4.2 Cyber Security

4.3 Digital learning

4.1 BLOCKCHAIN TECHNOLOGY


Definition of blockchain

Merriam Webster: a digital database containing information (such as records of financial transactions) that can be simultaneously used and shared within a large decentralized, publicly accessible network

also : the technology used to create such a database

Oxford: A system in which a record of transactions made in bitcoin or another cryptocurrency are maintained across several computers that are linked in a peer-to-peer network.



- 1991 first blockchain approach (Stuart Haber and Scott Stornetta)

- 1992 Merkel tree (Dave Bayer) for cryptography and optimization

- 2008 first usable blockchain (Satoshi Nakamoto)

- 2009 bitcoin cryptocurrency

Source

blockblock 1 block 2 block 3 block n

hash 1

timestamp 1

transaction

hash 1

hash 2

timestamp 2

transaction

hash 2

hash 3

timestamp 3

transaction

hash n-1

hash n

timestamp n

transaction

... ...



Microgrid Data(Consumer)

MicrogridControl interface

DISTRIBUTED

ENERGY MARKET

Microgrid Data (Supplier)

Single Consumer

Data

ConsumerControl interface

Other suppliersData

......

Microgrid Data(Consumer)

Microgrid Controlinterface

Utility

1

Utility

2

Utility

n......

microgrid

energy

offersupplier

energy

offer

utility

energy

offer

Microgrid

energy

request

Consumer

energy

request

Microgrid

energy

request

blockchain

smart transaction

Enables Internet of electricity

4.2 CYBER SECURITY


1) Digital technologies implementation after a thorough analysis and conscience of the technical

dependence vs social consequences

2) “Risk culture” development (cyber attacks scenario simulation)

3) Regulation for digital technologies strategies (including the security of power system

components)

4) Vulnerability identification on several system elements: communication channels, data

acquisition devices, control equipment, human operator etc.

4.3 DIGITAL LEARNING


Jan 2018 – UE “Action plan for digital education”: education and professional training are the best investments in the European future

“New Skills Agenda for Europe” (in agreement with “Europe 2020 Strategy”) :

Every person should invest in digital skills

Undergraduate education should include “state-of-the-art” IT&C technologies: schools

connected to high speed broadband, teachers with digital abilities

Increased attention for data protection and false information (constant change in “media

literacy”)

Stimulation of innovation and digital skills in all educational institutions

4.3 DIGITAL LEARNING


Digital laboratory

CONCLUSIONS

The energy system, particularly the electric power system, was, it is and will be open to

the newest technologies according to its functional characteristics, the adaptive and predictive

nature that forces to the deployment of advanced technologies. These new tools should be

used rationally. It is known a certain conservation and caution in the engineering practice.

The presented concepts and technologies represent a high temptation for direct

application, especially because they seem to solve problems that concern the power

engineering community in Romania and worldwide. Still, digitalization should be used with

attention.


Thank you!


Contact:

[email protected]

[email protected]

mailto:[email protected]

mailto:[email protected]

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