paris occupied
DESCRIPTION
Paris Occupied. Hitler “dances with glee” Occupied in the North by GR Third Republic in the South – headed by Petain – authoritarian regime Collaborated with the Nazis Sent thousands of French workers and slave laborers Identified Fr Jews and sent them as well. Italians. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Paris Occupied• Hitler “dances with glee”• Occupied in the North by GR• Third Republic in the South – headed by
Petain – authoritarian regime• Collaborated with the Nazis• Sent thousands of French workers and
slave laborers• Identified Fr Jews and sent them as well
Italians
• Attacked Fr when they knew they were on the winning side
• Invaded Greece
• Invaded British strongholds in Africa
• Hitler creates the Fortress of Europe
Blood, toil, tears and sweat
• Battle of Britain, Winston Churchill
• American govt neutral still
• We started giving them arms and destroyers
• Lend Lease – arms, raw materials and food
• Conscription, army built up
British Royal Air Force
• Fought off the Luftwaffe using radar
• Broke the code of Gr military - Enigma
• Hitler decides to go for the Soviets instead
USSR and GR
• Soviets making way into Eastern Europe
• Gr’s want this area
• Hitler coerced Romania, Bulgaria, Hungary into Axis
• Subjugated Greece and Yugoslavia as well
Soviets under attack
• 2000 mile Front
• Sent 3 million men (largest invasion force in history)
• Fall 1941 – Byelorussia and Ukraine
• Leningrad under siege in North
• Crimean peninsula in the South
Counteroffensive and cold weather save Moscow
• Hitler shifted his main attack to the South
• Summer 1942- attacked oil fields of Caucausus, began the siege of Stalingrad
• Hitler’s short invasion plans for USSR are changed
North Africa
• Sept 1940 – Italian offensive from eastward from Libya – Egypt
• British recover – push Mussolini back into Ethiopia
• Afrika Korps – general Rommel – Spring 1941 – attacked Libya and drove the Brit back to Egyptian frontier
North Africa
• Rommel penetrates Egypt
• British win huge tide turning battle at El Alamein
• Hitler’s reach seems to be spreading towards their ally in Asia - Japan
Japanese by 1941
• Made alliances with Germany and Italy
• Neutrality treaty with the Soviets
• Obtained bases from Vichy France in Indochina
• US placed an embargo on the export of metal and oil to Japan
Japan and the US
• Hideki Tojo – proclaimed that he wanted British and American influence out of Asia
• Agreed to send reps to Washington for negotiations
• At the same time of the negotiations – bombing of Pearl Harbor
Japanese victories
• Began to invade the Philippines, launched attacks on Guam, Midway, Hong Kong and Malaya
• War declared by all• Japanese conquer Singapore (Br
naval base)• Then conquered Philippines, Malaya
and Netherland Indies
Allied losses
• Invaded New Guinea and threatened Australia
• Moved into the Aleutians, occupied Burma and were ready to invade India
• Allies were not doing very well against their enemies
Spring 1942
• Battle of the Coral Sea stops Japanese expansion into Australia
• Japanese are halted again at the Battle of Midway
• Strategy of island hopping put into effect in order to defeat Japanese
Soviet frustration
• Soviets call for a second front for relief
• This front never established and will cause resentment against the US later on
North Africa
• Eisenhower – American and British forces invade Algeria and Morocco
• De Gaulle proves to be a key leader in France – whose support is needed in this area of N. Africa
• Africa was eventually secured by Montgomery and Eisenhower
Stalingrad – all out invasion
• Hold at all costs
• Soviet counteroffensive defeats the Gr’s – with a drive westward against the remainder of the Gr army
• Between 20 and 25 million Russians perish
• 2/3 of these casualties were civilians
Italy
• Soviets lost more men in the Battle of Stalingrad than the Americans did in the entire war
• August 1943 successful campaigns bring down Mussolini
• New Italian govt set up by Marshal Badoglio – declared war on Gr
Europe and the Pacific 1944-45
• Invasion of Europe from the Normandy coast
• British, Canadian, American land, sea and air assult
• In another amphibious invasion through the French mediterranean
• Allied invasion forces meet up and fight
Ardennes - Belgium
• Great Battle of the Bulge
• Gr’s also drop missiles – jet propelled fire bombs on Britain
• Counteroffensive is not effective
• Americans and Brits fire bomb Gr cities like Dresden – killing over 50,000 civilians
Unconditional surrender
• On the eastern front – the Soviets push towards GR as well
• Soviets take Berlin – and ravage the city and civilians there
• American forces let the Soviets have Berlin
• Opening up of the holocaust death camps
Japan and the Pacific theater
• Battle of Leyte Gulf
• Iwo Jima
• Okinawa
• From these islands – launched an air offensive against Japan itself
• Dropped the A bomb
Peace terms
• Atlantic charter – august 1941 – Churchill and Roosevelt – pledged that sovereign states and self govt would be restored
• 1943 – Casablanca,Cairo, Teheran – coordinate their military plans – accept nothing but unconditional surrender
Peace terms
• Teheran – met with Stalin – discussed postwar occupation and demilitarization of GR
• Laid plans for a post war league of nations
• Strategy decided here seemed to give Soviet union vast control of the east
Yalta
• Reached agreements on Poland, eastern Europe, the future of GR, Asia, and the United Nations
• At this point, Stalin’s armies were in control of Poland and eastern Europe
• Stalin wanted to establish a Soviet friendly govt in Poland
Yalta and Stalin
• Not so happy about spreading communism to eastern europe
• Made Stalin promise to hold free and democratic elections in these areas as soon as possible
• What a lie
Post war world
• Germany was to be divided into four occupation zones
• United Nations – they would be permanent mbrs of the Security Council and would have a veto on all important decisions
• Soviets wanted sixteen votes in the General Assembly for all of their “republics” – they were granted three
Soviets and Japanese Front
• Stalin agrees to help in war against Japan if they get back areas lost by the tsar in the Russo Japanese war
• Roosevelt makes concessions to Stalin because he believes that this cooperation will lead to more in the future
Potsdam
• Harry Truman is the new American president
• Clement Atlee replaced Churchill
• Stalin still Soviet leader
• Agreements were made about GR treatment
• Occupation zones
Powar world
• Polish boundaries extended further westward as compensation for Russian westward expansion at Polish expense
• German east Prussia divided between SU in the North and Poland in the South