particle physics: the search for the essence of matter
TRANSCRIPT
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Particle Physics: The Search for the Essence of Matter
Ronan McNulty (University College Dublin)
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Particle Physics has been around for a long time…
It is in our natureas humans to be
inquisitive and to ask“Why?”
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• Thales: “Of what is the universe made?”
• Anaximander: “Worlds appear and disappear as a bubble in the apeiron”
• Democritus:
Atom = ‘indivisible’
• Morning Ireland:
“What is the stuff in stuff?”
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• Particle Physics
– searches for the building blocks of matter
– explains how they behave
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Mendeleev 1869"fearful symmetry independent of any
conception as to the nature of the elements
The Periodic Table
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The New Periodic Table
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Exploring the very small requires high energy
E=hυ=hc/λ λ=(1x10-6)/E metres
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Exploring the very small requires high energy
E=hυ=hc/λ λ=(1x10-6)/E metres
To see down to 10-19m requires 10 TeV of energy
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Cockroft & Walton 1932
Linear Accelerator
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Circular Accelerator
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A low energy particle accelerator...
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The LHC
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The LHC
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Tracking chambers measure Momentum of charged particles
Calorimeters measure energy of neutral particles
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LHC recreates conditions of early universe
• Investigate matter-
antimatter assymetry
of universe
• Understand the origin
of mass
• Might find dark matter
Particle Physics|
Astrophysics
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Where is all the Antimatter gone?
Matter and Antimatter
created equal and opposite
Today only Matter remains
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Where is all the Antimatter gone?
Matter and Antimatter
created equal and opposite
Today only Matter remains
Sakharov Conditions
�Baryon Number Violation
�CP Asymmetry
�Universe not in Thermal
Equilibrium during expansion
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Our Matter World
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Our Matter World
An Antimatter World
C
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Our Matter World Our World reflected in a mirror
P
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C
P
CP
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C
P
CP
Inexact CP symmetry
explains inexact
matter/antimatter symmetry
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LHCb experiment
Matter
Antimatter
Do the
decays
mirror
each
other?
C P
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UCD helped build and test the VELO: Reconstruct particle trajectories to 1/100 mm
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LHCb see the first LHC collisions!
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So have we reached the end?Do we “know everything” ?
• We have our ‘periodic table’ of fundamental particles.
• It is complete.
• We understand how the particles interact via four forces.
• Why are particles massive?
• Why is the universe dominated by matter and not anti-matter?
• What is the ‘dark matter’ in the universe?
• Are quarks/leptons fundamental?
• Why are there exactly three families?
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The more we knowthe more we knowwe do not know.