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STRENGTHENING

HUMANITARIAN RESPONSE

Holistic approach

Strengthened Response, Strengthened Response, Better leadershipBetter leadership

Humanitarian Reform focuses on:Humanitarian Reform focuses on:Strengthen support to the national Strengthen support to the national authoritiesauthoritiesExpand role and accountability of Expand role and accountability of HC/RCHC/RCPredictable fundingPredictable fundingCluster ApproachCluster ApproachBuilding Better PartnershipsBuilding Better Partnerships Global Capacity buildingGlobal Capacity building

Ensuring Capacity & Ensuring Capacity & Predictability:Predictability:

The Sector ApproachThe Sector Approach

reformHUMANITARIAN

The Government has primary role in organizing humanitarian assistance in a disaster (GA Resolution 46/182).

Reform promotes closer cooperation and linkages between national and international partners.

All humanitarian action must be inclusive

Training and capacity building.

Government/National AuthoritiesGovernment/National Authorities

Predictability, Accountability Predictability, Accountability and Partnership and Partnership in all response sectors

Better support to national-led response effortsBetter support to national-led response efforts Common standards and toolsCommon standards and tools Predictable stockpiles and trained expertisePredictable stockpiles and trained expertise Unified interface for Governments, donors & Unified interface for Governments, donors &

other actorsother actors ““First port of call” and “provider of last resort”First port of call” and “provider of last resort” Mainstreaming Gender, HIV/AIDS, EnvironmentMainstreaming Gender, HIV/AIDS, Environment

reformHUMANITARIAN

Cluster/Sector Working Group1. Agriculture2. Camp Coordination & Camp Mgmt3. Early Recovery4. Education5. Emergency Shelter6. Emergency Telecomms7. Health8. Logistics9. Nutrition10. Protection11. Water, Sanitation & Hygiene

Global Cluster/Sector Leads FAO

UNHCR & IOM UNDP

UNICEF & Save the ChildrenUNHCR & IFRC (Convenor)OCHA (UNICEF & WFP)WHOWFPUNICEFUNHCRUNICEF

Cluster/Sector Approach: Cluster/Sector Approach: Impact on the Ground Impact on the Ground Donors, IASC partners, National

authorities feedback to date: Roles and responsibilities clearer Partnerships and coherence

improved Engagement with and support to

national authorities better Significant potential to enhance

overall effectiveness of humanitarian response

Sector Chair/Lead International lead

Participants

Overall coordination

NADMO UNDAC/UNICEF/UNDAC/UNICEF/RCORCO

NADMO, Chair person of each sectorial Group

Food Security

Ministry of Food and Agriculture

WFP / FAO MOFA, NADMO, WPF

WASH Community Water and Sanitation Agency

UNICEF CWSA,

Health and Nutrition

Ghana Health Services

UNICEF / WHO GHS,

Education Ghana Education Services

UNICEF GES, UNICEF, WFP,

Shelter, Logistics and supply

NADMO IFRC/WFP/UNICEF NADMO, WFP, UNICEF, IFRC

Northern Region – Sector OverviewNorthern Region – Sector Overview

Global Capacity-BuildingGlobal Capacity-Building Two-year effort to build predictable

and harmonised response capacity among UN and non-UN humanitarian actors:

Common stockpiles, Trained deployable staff, Harmonised standards, guidelines & tools

Vital element of humanitarian reform

Potential to have most impact on performance in field

reformHUMANITARIAN

Inclusion of key humanitarian partners

Appropriate coordination mechanisms

Coordination with national/local authorities, local civil society etc.

Participatory and community-based approaches

Attention to priority cross-cutting issues (age, environment, gender, HIV/AIDS etc)

Needs assessment and analysis

Responsibilities of field-based Responsibilities of field-based cluster/sector leads (Terms of cluster/sector leads (Terms of Reference)Reference)

reformHUMANITARIAN

Emergency preparedness

Planning and strategy development

Application of standards

Monitoring and reporting

Advocacy and resource mobilization

Training and capacity building

Provider of last resort

Transition to Transition to developmentdevelopment

Capacities of host Government, Capacities of host Government, development partners and local development partners and local organizations, and expanding actorsorganizations, and expanding actors

RC or HC in consultation with RC or HC in consultation with partners responsible for adapting partners responsible for adapting coordination structures over time coordination structures over time

Cluster Sector Lead responsible for developing exit or transition strategies

based on a consultative process with the aim of strengthening national coordination

capacity.

Government still responsible for leading the response Government still responsible for leading the response (GA Resolution 46/182)(GA Resolution 46/182)

When international assistance is required, UN RC/HC When international assistance is required, UN RC/HC still coordinates still coordinates internationalinternational response in support of response in support of government responsegovernment response

What is the same from previous ways What is the same from previous ways of working?of working?

What is different from previous ways What is different from previous ways of working?of working?

For the first time, clear, agreed focal points for every area of humanitarian For the first time, clear, agreed focal points for every area of humanitarian workwork Governments now have clearer, more predictable sectoral counterpartsGovernments now have clearer, more predictable sectoral counterparts Each area “led” by a designated organization, with a terms of referenceEach area “led” by a designated organization, with a terms of reference Terms of Reference sets the standard for a coordinated response and Terms of Reference sets the standard for a coordinated response and accountabilityaccountability NGO/Red Cross partners fully included in decision-making and planningNGO/Red Cross partners fully included in decision-making and planning Access to global resources: stockpiles, technical expertise, tools, standardsAccess to global resources: stockpiles, technical expertise, tools, standards Provider of last resort: leads have agreed to fill gapsProvider of last resort: leads have agreed to fill gaps

How to make it happenHow to make it happen Inclusive coordination structures must Inclusive coordination structures must

be in place at the national and field be in place at the national and field levels;levels;– Humanitarian Country Team, or similar Humanitarian Country Team, or similar

mechanism for strategic planning and mechanism for strategic planning and decision making by and for all international decision making by and for all international humanitarian partners;humanitarian partners;

– How do we avoid a coordination disconnect How do we avoid a coordination disconnect between Accra and Tamale – and ensure between Accra and Tamale – and ensure that a similar level of inclusion takes place?that a similar level of inclusion takes place?

We must actively inform GoG and all We must actively inform GoG and all humanitarian partners of the decisions. humanitarian partners of the decisions.

In the period October 2005 to April 2007, the cluster approach was implemented in six ‘major new emergencies’:

Indonesia [Yogyakarta]

Lebanon

Madagascar

Mozambique

Pakistan

Philippines

and six ‘ongoing emergencies’ (out of 25 where Humanitarian Coordinators are designated):

Colombia

Democratic Republic of the Congo [DRC]

Ethiopia

Liberia

Somalia

Uganda

(In addition, the cluster approach was adopted in Cote d'Ivoire, initially only in the area of protection.)

The USG’s stated aim is to have the cluster approach rolled out in ten additional ongoing crises by Dec 2007 (c.f. USG’s 2007 Compact).

FIELD IMPLEMENTATION OF THE CLUCSTER APPROACH

Ghana Emergency Ghana Emergency ResponseResponse

What are the coordination gaps?What are the coordination gaps? What adjustments would we need What adjustments would we need

to make to cover them?to make to cover them? How do we avoid a disconnect How do we avoid a disconnect

between national and regional between national and regional levels?levels?

What are the next steps?What are the next steps?