parts of the plant and their functions. importance of plants without plants life on earth would not...
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Parts of the Parts of the plant and plant and their their functionsfunctions
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Importance of Importance of plantsplants Without plants life on earth Without plants life on earth
would not existwould not exist
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Plants:Plants:
Primary source of food for Primary source of food for people and animalspeople and animals
Produce oxygenProduce oxygen help to keep us coolhelp to keep us cool renew the airrenew the air
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Plants:Plants:
slow wind speedslow wind speed provide a home for wildlifeprovide a home for wildlife beautify surroundingsbeautify surroundings perfume the airperfume the air furnish building materials and furnish building materials and
fuelfuel
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Parts of a plantParts of a plant
*Four basic parts*Four basic parts *leaves*leaves *stems*stems *roots*roots *flowers*flowers
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LeavesLeaves
the food factory of the plantthe food factory of the plant *produce the food used by the *produce the food used by the
plant or stored for later useplant or stored for later use
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Shape and size of Shape and size of leavesleaves vary among plantsvary among plants used for identification of used for identification of
plantsplants
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Leaf arrangementLeaf arrangement
*alternate*alternate *opposite*opposite *whorled*whorled
arranged in a circle around the arranged in a circle around the stemstem
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External leaf External leaf structurestructure *petiole - leaf stalk*petiole - leaf stalk *leaf blade (leaf)*leaf blade (leaf)
has veinshas veins forms structural framework of forms structural framework of
the leafthe leaf
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MidribMidrib
*large center vein from which *large center vein from which all other leaf veins extendall other leaf veins extend
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MarginsMargins
*edges of leaves*edges of leaves assists in plant identificationassists in plant identification
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Internal leaf Internal leaf structurestructure *epidermis*epidermis
skin of the leafskin of the leafsingle layer of cellssingle layer of cellsprotects leaf from loss of too protects leaf from loss of too
much moisturemuch moisture
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Guard CellsGuard Cells
open and close the small pore open and close the small pore on the underside of the leafon the underside of the leaf
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StomatesStomates
*allow the plant to breathe *allow the plant to breathe and transpireand transpire *give off moisture*give off moisture
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ChloroplastsChloroplasts
*contain chlorophyll*contain chlorophyll *located inside the cells*located inside the cells
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PhotosynthesisPhotosynthesis
process by which CO2 and process by which CO2 and H2O in the presence of light H2O in the presence of light are converted to sugar and are converted to sugar and oxygenoxygen
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Chemical formula Chemical formula
6CO2 + 6H2O6CO2 + 6H2O -----> in reaction with sunlight -----> in reaction with sunlight
and chlorophyll ------>and chlorophyll ------> C6H12O6 (glucose) + 6O2C6H12O6 (glucose) + 6O2
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foodfood
*manufactured in the leaves *manufactured in the leaves moves downward through the moves downward through the stem to the rootsstem to the rootsused by the plantused by the plantstored in stem or root and leaf in stored in stem or root and leaf in
the form of sugar, starch or the form of sugar, starch or protein.protein.
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RespirationRespiration
*plants respire 24 hours a day*plants respire 24 hours a day consume O2 and give off CO2consume O2 and give off CO2 plants produce more O2 through plants produce more O2 through
ps. Than they consume during ps. Than they consume during respiration and growth.respiration and growth.
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StemsStems
*have two main functions*have two main functions *movement of water and *movement of water and
minerals from the roots upward minerals from the roots upward and movement of and movement of manufactured food downmanufactured food down
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Stem functionsStem functions
*support of leaves and *support of leaves and reproductive structuresreproductive structures
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Stems alsoStems also
*used for food storage and *used for food storage and reproduction of plants reproduction of plants involving cuttingsinvolving cuttings
*Green stems manufacture *Green stems manufacture food just as leaves dofood just as leaves do
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Internal Stem Internal Stem StructureStructure
*phloem- bark, carries manufactured *phloem- bark, carries manufactured foods down.foods down.
*Xylem- wood, carries water and *Xylem- wood, carries water and minerals up.minerals up.
*Cambium- separates the 2 and *Cambium- separates the 2 and produces all new cells.produces all new cells.
*Characteristic of dicots*Characteristic of dicots
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Internal Stem Internal Stem StructureStructure *dicot- dicotyledon, a plant *dicot- dicotyledon, a plant
with 2 seed leaveswith 2 seed leaves
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MonocotMonocot
*Monocotyledon - a plant with *Monocotyledon - a plant with one seed leaf.one seed leaf.
*Have vascular bundles, *Have vascular bundles, contain both xylem and contain both xylem and phloem in each small bundlephloem in each small bundle
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MonocotMonocot
stems have no cambiumstems have no cambium cells enlarge to create size of cells enlarge to create size of
mature stemmature stem
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Economic Economic ImportanceImportance foodfood building materialsbuilding materials
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RootsRoots
**UsuallyUsually underground underground *functions:*functions:
*anchor plant and hold upright*anchor plant and hold upright *absorb water and minerals form *absorb water and minerals form
soil and conduct to stemsoil and conduct to stem *store food, & propagation*store food, & propagation
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Root StructureRoot Structure
internalinternalsimilar to stemssimilar to stemsolder roots have xylem, older roots have xylem,
phloem and cambianphloem and cambian
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externalexternal
root caproot capproduces continuous produces continuous supply of new cellssupply of new cells
protects roots as they protects roots as they push through soilpush through soil
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StructureStructure
*root hairs*root hairs*absorb moisture and *absorb moisture and
mineralsminerals *small roots*small roots
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Functions other than Functions other than water and mineral water and mineral absorptionabsorption *cash crops for food*cash crops for food
carrotscarrotsbeetsbeets radishesradishessweet potatoessweet potatoes
propagationpropagation
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Type of root systemsType of root systems
*fibrous- grasses*fibrous- grasses*easier transplanting*easier transplanting*shorter, smaller, more *shorter, smaller, more
compactcompact tap root- carrottap root- carrot
*longer and fewer roots*longer and fewer roots
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REVIEWREVIEW
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Flowers, Fruits, and Flowers, Fruits, and SeedsSeeds
pollination- color of flower attracts pollination- color of flower attracts insects to fertilize flowerinsects to fertilize flower beginning of fruit and seed formationbeginning of fruit and seed formation
fruits and seed are attractive to birds fruits and seed are attractive to birds who eat and spread seedswho eat and spread seeds.. Reproduces plantReproduces plant some seeds carried on animals coatssome seeds carried on animals coats
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Parts of the FlowerParts of the Flower
differ in size, shape, and color, differ in size, shape, and color, some basic partssome basic parts
sepalsepalgreen leaf-like part, covers green leaf-like part, covers
and protects bud before and protects bud before openingopening
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PetalsPetals
are actually leavesare actually leaves usually bright colors to attract usually bright colors to attract
pollinating insects.pollinating insects.
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Parts of the FlowerParts of the Flower
stamensstamensmale part of flowermale part of flowerhas two partshas two parts
filament-stalkfilament-stalk
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AntherAnther
anther- sac-like anther- sac-like structure on top of structure on top of filament, contains pollenfilament, contains pollen
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Parts of the Flower Parts of the Flower
Pistil - female partPistil - female part in the center of flowerin the center of flower has three partshas three parts
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PistilPistil
three partsthree parts stigma - top - stickystigma - top - sticky style - tube leading from style - tube leading from
stigma to ovarystigma to ovary
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OvaryOvary
egg cells develop hereegg cells develop here grows to become fruit or grows to become fruit or
seedcoatseedcoat
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Types of FlowersTypes of Flowers
completecompletecontains 4 main partscontains 4 main parts
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IncompleteIncomplete
does not have all 4 main partsdoes not have all 4 main parts
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PerfectPerfect
has stamens and pistilshas stamens and pistils
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ImperfectImperfect
lacks stamens or pistilslacks stamens or pistils
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Types of FlowersTypes of Flowers
monoeciousmonoeciousstamens and pistils are stamens and pistils are
found in separate flowers on found in separate flowers on the same plant the same plant ex: Cornex: Corn
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dioeciousdioecious
male or staminate flowers male or staminate flowers found on one plant, female or found on one plant, female or pistilate flowers on another pistilate flowers on another plantplant
ex: holly ex: holly