passion for science

Passion for S

cience ®

A/S Søren Frederiksen, Ølgod Tel. +45 7524 4966 [email protected] 35 · DK-6870 Ølgod Fax +45 7524 6282 www.frederiksen.eu

Passion for Science

Science 2015

Educational Equipment

Passion for Science

II

Focus on your teaching,and let us provide the equipment you need

At Frederiksen, you will find everything you need in terms of teaching equipment for all your science subjects – from a single beaker to a fully furnished laboratory. We have just the equipment you need to make your teaching more inspiring, regardless of the age or educational level of the students you are teaching.

We collaborate with science teachers from a wide variety of different schools and educational institutions all over the world. Therefore, use your local Frederiksen distributor for feedback and advice to ensure that you get just the equipment you need for your school.

Your interest in science is ours tooWe share your interest in science. We have specialists who are highly educated in all fields of science who will gladly make their knowledge available to you. Our specialists love science and constantly work to improve our products and develop exciting new products.

At Frederiksen, we develop our products out of respect for your specific needs. Our development team is continually in dialogue with teachers at educational institutions in the countries where we are represented to ensure the highest degree of user-driven product development. So if you have any ideas, inspiring concepts or questions, you are always welcome to contact your local Frederiksen distributor.

60 years of experience and knowhowIn your day-to-day activities, you need to stick to a procurement budget, achieve specific targets and comply with curriculum. We know this because of our 60 years of experience in the field of science education equipment. And we also know that quality pays in the long term.

This is also why we develop all our products to ensure that they withstand being used – experiment after experiment, year in and year out.

If experience, technical expertise and a Passion for Science are important when you choose educational equipment, then Frederiksen is the perfect choice for you.

Passion for Science

III

Measurements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 – 10

Fluids, gasses and heat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 – 24

Waves, sound and light . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 – 38

Optics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 – 58

Mechanics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59 – 74

Electricity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75 – 108

Magnetism . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109 – 118

Atomic and nuclear physics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119 – 132

Energy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133 – 138

Microscopes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139 – 154

Biology & Geography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155 – 172

Chemistry and lab equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173 – 182

Alphabetic/numerical index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 183 – 192

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IV

Frederiksen website:www.frederiksen.eu

We are thrilled to give you a preview at our new website scheldued to lauch late 2014

Measurements

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Passion for Science

2 • Measurements

Passion for Science

Length

RulerWood. Length: 50 cm, graduated in millimetres and centimetres. Horizontal reading.

1405.00 Ruler

RulerWood. Length: 1 m, graduated in millimetres and centimetres. Horizontal reading.

1405.10 Ruler

Measuring wheelThe measuring wheel is supplied with a handle, and each rota-tion is accompanied by a “click” representing 1 meter. Marked in 2 cm and 10 cm intervals.

1428.00 Measuring wheel

Calliper gauge, plasticMeasuring length 130 mm. Overall length 170 mm. Equipped with depth gauge and vernier scale for reading to 1/10 mm.

1440.00 Calliper gauge, plastic

Calliper gauge, stainless steelHigh quality calliper gauge with measuring length 155 mm/ 6 inches. With vernier scale for reading to 1/20 mm, depth gauge and locking system.

1440.20 Calliper gauge, stainless steel

Calliper gauge, digitalHigh quality calliper gauge with measuring length 150 mm/ 6 inches. Resolution 0.01 mm. Zero button and mm/inches switch. Battery (LR44) included.

1440.30 Calliper gauge, digital

Micrometer screw gaugeMaximum measuring length 25 mm. Precision 0.01 mm.A precision micrometer with specially hardened and ground screw, lock lever and ratchet stop. Supplied in a protective case.

1450.50 Micrometer screw gauge

1405.00

1405.10

1440.20

1440.20

1440.30

1450.50

1440.00

14828.00

Measurements • 3

Passion for Science

Mass

Beam balance with support standThis sensitive beam balance is supplied with a support stand. It is provided with a knife edge bearing in hardened steel, an adjustment screw for zeroing, a 28 cm indicator needle with scale and detachable 120 mm diameter weighing pans. For buoyancy experiments, the balance is provided with hooks (for suspending a weight) and a plate (for supporting a beaker). The sensitivity of the balance is 50 mg. Height: 35 cm, Depth: 20 cm, Width: 40 cm.

0916.00 Balance with support stand

Balance weights setSet comprising of 16 weights from 10 mg to 50 g. Supplied in a plastic box. Nickel plated tweezers included.

0955.30 Balance weights set

Digital scaleHandy digital scale in slim design with large weighing plat-form and easy to read LCD display. Weighing range 0 to 5 kg. Accuracy 1 g. Tara function.Battery powered, uses three 3510.04 AAA cells (included).

1028.07 Digital scale

Digital scaleWeighing range 0 to 200 g with 0.1 g accuracy. Automatic power-down. Battery powered. Batteries (3 x 3510.05) included.Stackable.

1028.15 Digital scale

Power adapterOptional power adapter for 1028.15 digital scale (100-240 V AC. 50/60 Hz. Euro plug).

3550.50 Power adapter 12 V

0916.00

1028.07

0955.30

1028.15

4 • Measurements

Passion for Science

Specific gravity weight set 6 different materials: Fe, Al, Bi, Zn, wood and cork. 3 of the cylinders have the same weight i.e. Al, Bi and Zn (41 g). Four of these cylinders have the same diameter. The remaining weights have different volumes and shapes. The sizes of the weights are easily measured. Supplied in a plastic box.

1510.05 Specific gravity weight set

Specific gravity cubes6 different materials each in three different sizes.Delivered in a plastic box.

1500.10 Specific gravity cubes

Specific gravity cylinders3 different materials with the same volumes. Al, Cu and brass.Diameter 20 mm, height 31.5 mm. Supplied in a plastic box.

1510.10 Specific gravity cylinder

Specific gravity cubesDimensions 10 x 10 x 10 mm. For illustration of the specific gra-vity of different materials. The set comprises six different ma-terials: Al, Fe, Zn, Cu, Pb and wood. Supplied in a plastic box.

1500.00 Specific gravity cubes

Specific gravity cylinderBrass cylinder for determining specific gravity and volume measurements. Height 28 mm.

1510.80 Specific gravity cylinder

1500.00

1510.05

1510.80

1510.10

1500.10

Measurements • 5

Passion for Science

Pycnometer, calibratedThis device is used to measure the density of fluids. Also called a specific gravity bottle. Manufactured of glass with a tightly fitting ground glass stopper with a fine hole in it. Calibrated. Volume: 50 ml.

1520.00 Pycnometer, calibrated

Pycnometer, un-calibratedA smaller version of 1520.00 but un-calibrated. Volume: 25 ml.

1520.10 Pycnometer, un-calibrated

AreometerDensity range: 1.000-2.000 g/cm3. Accuracy 0.010 g/cm3. Total length: 300 mm.

1530.10 Areometer

Areometer with thermometerFor determination of the salt content of seawater. Tempera-ture table supplied. Total length: 265 mm.

1530.30 Areometer with thermometer

Alcohol meter1 - 100 vol %. Total length: 300 mm.

1530.90 Alcohol meter

1520.00

1530.90

1530.20

1530.30

1530.10

1520.10

6 • Measurements

Passion for Science

TimeDemonstration stopwatchEasy to read from a remote distance. Quartz clockwork with dials.Range 0-60 seconds 0-60 minutes. Diameter 110 mm. Supplied with battery.

1495.20 Demonstration stopwatch

Digital stopwatchLow cost digital stop watch with LCD display with 5 mm digits. Functions: start/stop/reset, addition, intermediate times/splits, standard time and date.

1485.15 Digital stopwatch

Digital countdown clockLCD digital countdown clock with 35 mm digits. Alarm function.

1492.05 Digital countdown clock

1495.20

1485.15

1492.05

Measurements • 7

Passion for Science

Electronic counter– Versatile

– User-friendly

– Highly accurate

This microprocessor controlled eight-digit counter can be used for measurement of time intervals, periods, revolutions per second, frequency, pulses etc. Measures time intervals from 0.01 millisecond and frequencies to 2.5 MHz. The counter is provided with a 25 mm high easy-to-read LED display, and a logically arranged control panel making the apparatus highly suitable for demonstration experiments as well as for student lab exercises.An indicator shows the units of measurement, while the display indicates the input terminal being used. Start/stop terminals for attachment of microphones, photocells, free fall equipment etc. are provided. The counter can be used with a GM sensor (no. 5135.70 or 5135.65) for measurements of radioactivity with selectable gate times. Memory is provided for storing measured values as well as an RS-232 port for connection to a computer. A free PC program (download from http://datalyse.dk) is recommended for use with the counter

Start / StopWorks as an electronic stopwatch with a time resolution down to 0.01 ms

CollisionFor collision experiments (conservation of momentum). With two photocell units, up to 4 passage times are measured.

AccelerationWith two photocell units, passage times and also time from photocell to photocell are measured.

PeriodMeasures the period of a signal. During pendulum experi-ments with a photocell unit, the counter can be set to ignore every other passage, thereby obtaining the correct period of oscillation.

FrequencyMeasures frequencies between 0.01 Hz and 2.5 MHz with the following resolution: 0.01 Hz to 1 kHz: 0.01 Hz; 1kHz to 10 kHz: 0.1 Hz; 10 kHz to 2.5 MHz: 1 Hz

CountEvent counting (typically radioactivity) – either with manual start and stop or for pre-determined intervals. Counting can repeat continuously e.g. for determining radioactive half-lives. Possible counting times are 1 s, 10 s, 60 s, 100 s (plus manual start/stop). Max count: 10.000.000.

General SpecificationsTime intervals from 0.01 ms to 100 s, resolution 0.01 ms (1 ms for times over 10 s in Collision and Acceleration mode).Dimensions: 405 x 116 x 205 mm.Power supply: 230 VAC, 50 Hz

2002.50 Electronic counter

Measurement of pendulum period.

Measuring the speed of sound.

2002.50

8 • Measurements

Passion for Science

Student timer– Time measurements from 0.03 ms to 27 hours

– Measurement precision 0.01 ms

– Accepts start and stop signals from microphones, photocells or any on/off switch connected to the 4 mm sockets

– Manually controlled stopwatch option

– Simple operation – excellent for student experiments

Particularly well suited for experiments like:– The free fall– Speed of sound

Technical specifications:Display: 5 digit LED with floating decimal pointResolution: 0.01 msInputs: DIN 6 pole connectors for photocells and microphones; 4 mm safety jacks for free fall experiment or other equipmentPower: 6 ea. AA batteries or mains adapter (incl.)

2002.60 Student timer

Photocell unitThe unit is suitable for measuring time intervals e.g. for experi-ments on an air track, pendulum period, period of rotation, etc. The unit consists of a photocell which is illuminated via a one millimetre aperture by light from a light emitting diode. Two LED indicators are provided. Red: The unit is powered. Green: Light reaches the receiver.The photocell unit is provided with two 6 pole DIN connec-tors for connection to the electronic counter no. 2002.50 or 2002.60 and for daisy chain connection to additional photocell units, when signals are to be sent to the same input connec-tion on the counter. Connector cable is provided. The unit is in rugged plastic housing with threads for horizontal or vertical mounting using the 10 mm mounting rod provided. Gap width: 90 mm. Dimensions: 160 x 120 x 28 mm.

1975.50 Photocell unit including cable and mounting rod

2002.60

1975.50

Measurements • 9

Passion for Science

Free fall apparatusThis apparatus is designed to be used with an electronic counter to determine the fall time for a freely falling steel ball. The apparatus consists of a release mechanism which also acts as the start switch, a landing pad which acts as the stop switch and various gold plated steel balls. The release me-chanism is provided with two connectors for 4 mm safety banana plugs for connection to the counter start input. A 10 mm mounting rod for mounting the mechanism on a lab stand is supplied. The landing pad is also provided with two safety connectors for connection to the counter stop input.

1980.10 Free fall apparatus

MicrophoneThe microphone is intended for the measurement of sound frequencies, the speed of sound and the recording of sound for Fourier transformation.The microphone itself is very small and is therefore very suita-ble for measurements of sound interference.It is supplied with a one meter cable with a 6 pole DIN plug and connects directly to the electronic counter type 2002.50 or student timer type 2002.60. The microphone can also be connected to an oscilloscope or other measuring instruments via a type 2515.60 power supply. The frequency range is 20-20.000 Hz. Supplied with a 10 mm support rod. (Stand base not included.)Dimensions: Length 105 mm, greatest diameter 24 mm.

2485.10 Microphone

Clapper boardThis clapper board is ideal for producing the sharp sound pulse required for measuring the speed of sound. Consists of two hinged hardwood blocks. Dimensions: 27 x 50 x 300 mm

2482.00 Clapper board

2485.10

1980.10

1980.10

2482.00

10 • Measurements

Passion for Science

FeaturesAccuracy: The Dynamometers provide superb linearity and the 100 mm long scales are sharp and clear for excellent resolution.

Durability: The spring is sealed in the acrylic tube - it doesn’t get tangled or over stretched.

Zero-adjust: Easy and accurate zero-adjust by means of the knurled nut uppermost on the dynamometer.

Sealed scales: The scales are inside the acrylic housing so that they won’t wear off.

Colour coded: Each dynamometer has its own colour code and the max. range printed on the scale.

Boxed set of dynamometersKeeps the right dynamometer for the right purpose at hand anytime!Handy foam-lined box with partitions holds the entire range of dynamometers 0.1 - 0.2 - 1 - 2 - 5 - 10 - 20 - 50 - 100 Newton. The box is also excellent for safe and easy storage. Box with carrying handle, dimensions: 33 x 27 x 5.5 cm.

1039.00 Boxed set of Dynamometers1039.10 Foam-lined box only

ForceDynamometersThe Frederiksen dynamometers are available in 9 different models covering the range from 0.1 to 100 Newton. These high quality metric dynamometers are precise, durable, and calibrated in Newton. The graduations are easy to read and the resolution is 2% of full scale.

No. Range Resolution Colour Code Dimension in mm

1038.00 0-0.1N 0.002N Silver Ø15 x 265 mm 1038.10 0-0.2N 0.004N Beige Ø15 x 265 mm 1038.20 0-1N 0.02N Yellow Ø15 x 265 mm 1038.30 0-2N 0.4N Red Ø15 x 265 mm 1038.40 0-5N 0.1N Blue Ø15 x 265 mm 1038.50 0-10N 0.2N Green Ø15 x 265 mm 1038.60 0-20N 0.4N Violet Ø15 x 265 mm 1038.70 0-50N 1.0N Orange Ø20 x 310 mm 1038.80 0-100N 2.0N Gold Ø20 x 310 mm

1039.00

1039.10

Fluids, gasses and heat

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Passion for Science

12 • Fluids, gasses and heat

Passion for Science

ThermometersThermometerLab thermometer with blue mercury filling on a white scaleRange: -20 to +360 °C. Resolution: 1 °C. Length: 340 mm. Diameter: 7.5 mm.

0575.20 Thermometer

Thermometer without scaleBlue alcohol filling. Range approx. -10 to +110 °C.Length 260 mm.

0590.10 Thermometer without scale

Digital thermometer type 305A handy and robust digital thermometer supplied with a blue rubber protective case and a fold out stand. “Hold” and “Max” functions.Temperature range: -50.0 to +1300 °C. (-58.0 to +2000 °F).Resolution: 0.1 or 1 °C.Accuracy: +/- (0.3 % + 1 °C) -50 to +1000 °C. +/- (0.5 % + 1 °C) 1000 to 1300 °C.Display: 3 1/2 digits liquid crystal display.Update rate: 2.5 times per second.Temp. probe: Ni-Cr-Ni type “K” (se below). One wire-type thermocouple included.Size: 147 x 70 x 39 mm.Battery: 9 V IEC 6F22 (3510.10).

2606.10 Digital thermometer

Digital thermometer type 307As described above but with two type K thermocouple input connectors. The instrument can also display temperature dif-ference. Two wire-type thermocouples included.

2606.15 Digital thermometer, two inputs

Thermal sensorsRobust and inexpensive type K thermocouples supplied with flat jacks and strong spiral cord connection lead. Can be used for all instruments requiring this type of thermocouple.

Liquid sensor, stainless steel, sensor size: 105 mm x 3 mm diameter. Measuring range -50 to 800 degrees C.

2606.50 Liquid sensor 105 mm

Liquid sensor type K, stainless steel, sensor size: 200 mm x 3 mm diameter. Measuring range: -50 to 800 degrees C.

2606.51 Liquid sensor 200 mm

Air sensor type K, stainless steel, sensor size: 200 mm x 8 mm diameter. Measuring range: -50 to 800 degrees C.

2606.52 Air Sensor

Wire sensor type K, 120 cm long wire, measuring range: -50 to 200 degrees C.

2606.53 Wire sensor

0575.20

0590.10 2606.10

2606.15

2606.52

2606.51

2606.50

Fluids, gasses and heat • 13

Passion for Science

Specific heatSpecific heat apparatusComprised by a vertical plate with grooves for three metal weights and for mounting a wax plate. The weights are made of aluminium, bismuth and zinc respectively and have the same weight. During the experiment the weights are heated to the same temperature and placed in the grooves above the wax plate. Due to differences in the specific heat of the diffe-rent metals the weights will melt to different depths. Includes three weights and 5 wax plates (2730.05).

2730.05 Specific heat apparatus

Spare wax platesFor use with 2730.05

2730.01 Spare wax plates (10 pcs.)

CylindersSpecific heat capacity specimens, set of three metal cylinders made of bismuth, brass and aluminium. Weight respectively 200 g, 200 g, and 100 g. Diameter: 25 mm.

2725.10 Cylinders

Calorimeter, aluminiumDiameter 70 mm, height 90 mm. Outer vessel separately heat insulated by means of plastic cones.

2740.00 Calorimeter, aluminium

Stirrer for calorimeterMade of nickel plated brass

2740.05 Stirrer for calorimeter

Joule’s apparatusFor the determination of the specific heat capacity of liquid by the electrical method. Used together with calorimeter no. 2740.00. The resistance of the two constantan coils are 2 x 2.5 Ω. Lid made of Plexiglas with a hole for the thermometer.

2740.10 Joule’s apparatus

Immersion heaterUsed with insulated cups 2745.00 for confirmation of Joules law. The plastic lid has a centre hole for a thermometer. A 2.2 Ω heating element is connected to two 4 mm safety jacks. Diameter: 65 mm. Height: 75 mm.

2745.10 Immersion heater

Insulated cupsThese thermal cups (25/package) are useful for experiments with specific heat. Fits cups no. 2745.10. Height: 85 mm. Upper diameter: 75 mm. Volume: 180 mL.

2745.00 Insulated cups

2730.05

2730.01

2740.05

2740.102745.00

2745.10

2740.00

2725.10


Passion for Science

Thermal radiation

Crooke’s RadiometersSmaller than the above – but still fascinating radiometers. Sphere diameter: 70 mm.

2695.00 Crooke’s Radiometer

2695.10 Crooke’s Radiometer, double

Heat radiation plateSquare steel plate mounted on a wooden handle. Used to de-monstrate the influence of surface properties on heat radia-tion. One side of the steel plate is blank metal and the other side is painted black. When heated, the two different sides will radiate heat at different rates. A heat radiation detector like 2872.81 can be used or plate can be held close to your cheek for evaluation.Plate size: 175 x 175 x 1 mm.Total length: 370 mm.

2700.00 Heat radiation plate

Stefan-Bolzmann LampThis lamp enables you to examine the energy radiated froma hot object – thus demonstrating the Stefan-Boltzmann law. The tungsten filament reaches temperatures above 2,500 K. The filament temperature is deduced from the resistance of the metal. To precisely measure the voltage drop, a separate set of connecters are wired directly to the bulb. Also very useful for studying the inverse square law.

2770.22 Stefan-Bolzmann Lamp

Heat radiation detectorThis sensor is sensitive to electromagnetic radiation in the wavelength region from 0.25 µm to 20 µm, i.e. from the ultra-violet through the visible to the far infrared. The response of the sensor is uniform over its wavelength range. The output signal is proportional to the incident power per unit area striking the detector surface. The calibration factor is printed on a label on the sensor. For datalogging, the sensor plugs directly into Pasco’s analogue adapter.The sensor can also be used with the battery box 2515.60 to provide the necessary 5 V DC bias voltage. When using the battery box an ordinary digital voltmeter can be used to read the output signal. A holder with a 10 mm rod for mounting on a laboratory stand is included.

2872.81 Heat radiation detector

2695.10

2695.00

2700.00

2770.22

2872.81


Passion for Science

Greenhouse effect set With this set you can explore the absorption of infrared radia-tion in CO2. The radiation is produced by an IR source and passes through a gas cuvette before reaching the detector.The IR radiation source consists of a tungsten wire helix, to be powered by a 9 V, 1.75 A power supply, connected to the two 4 mm safety type connectors. The radiation source is provided with a 10 mm mounting rod.The gas cuvette has three ports (pipe stubs) allowing various sensors and gas inlets to be mounted. A reference cuvette (without pipe stubs) is included for a direct comparison with atmospheric air.The detector is a custom made narrow band IR detector – sensible in just the wave length interval where CO2 has a pronounced absorption band. The detector output should be connected to a voltmeter or data logging equipment. The greenhouse effect kit consists of the IR source, narrow-band IR detector, measurement and reference cuvettes, stop-pers, tubing etc., hose clips, syringe, plastic wrap and O-rings.

2874.80 Greenhouse effect set

Individual components may be purchased separately:2874.30 IR source2874.00 IR detector for greenhouse effect2874.60 Gas cuvette set for greenhouse effect

Shown with stand material and cables – not included.


Passion for Science

Heat conduction, expansionMaterial samplesThe set consists of eight rods. It is used e.g. for demonstration of the various heat conductivities of these materials. They can also be used for experiments with density. All the rods have the same (2 cm3) volume. Materials: aluminium, lead, nylon, glass, rubber, iron, copper and brass. Supplied in a plastic box with clear lid. Length: 120 mm.

2690.00 Material samples

ConductometerThe different rates at which heat flows in various metals are shown by this device. Four rods of different metals (brass, copper, aluminium and iron) have one end clamped in an iron ring mounted on a rod with wooden handle. The four rods have hollow ends where a match can be inserted, and sulphur placed in the central hole. When heated, the matches will ignite in the order of thermal conductivity of each rod.

2690.10 Conductometer

Leidenfrost dishThe apparatus is a dish made of steel. The dish is heated up to several hundred degrees Centigrade, and a few drops of water are added to the dish. Some of the water remains liquid even though the boiling point of water is exceeded. The liquid forms a small sphere which moves about on a pillow of steam. The experiment demonstrates the poor conductivity of steam and also the high surface tension of water. Diameter: 56 mm. Height: 6 mm.

2635.00 Leidenfrost dish

Bar breaking apparatusFor demonstration of the effects of expansion and contraction. Supplied with 10 cast iron rods, which by heating or cooling of the centre rod can be broken due to the centre rod’s expan-sion or contraction. Overall length: 320 mm.

2660.20 Bar breaking apparatus2660.25 Extra cast iron rods (50 pcs.)

Bimetallic stripThe strips are supplied with an indentation for mounting under a faste-ning screw. Size: 0.5 x 10 x 150 mm.

2670.00 Bimetallic strip

Ring and ballFor demonstration of heat expansion of solid bodies. Consists of a brass ring and a ball mounted on wooden handles.

2665.00 Ring and ball

2690.00

2690.10

2635.00

2660.20

2665.00

2670.00


Passion for Science

Pneumatic lighterFor demonstrating temperature increase when a confined gas is compressed. If an inflammable material is placed in the transparent cylinder, it will ignite when the piston is pressed to compress the gas. The lighter consists of the cylinder with piston. Included are a bottom plate with cylinder, O-ring lub-ricant, extra O-rings and inflammable material. Supplied with user instructions.

2649.00 Pneumatic lighter

Gas LawsGasoline cannonThis demo illustrates the explosive power of hydrocarbons. The apparatus consists of a Plexiglas tube in which a piezo-electric spark generator is mounted in a rubber stopper in the bottom. The inner side of the tube is moistened with a small amount of gasoline, and the cork stopper at the top is put in place. When the spark generator is activated the explosive mixture of gasoline fumes and air is ignited, and the cork stop-per is fired from the top of the tube. Size: 710 mm x 52 mm diameter.

2648.00 Gasoline cannon

Boyle-Mariotte apparatusThis device is used to demonstrate the connection between pressure and volume at constant temperature. The apparatus consists of a graduated cylinder with a piston. The cylinder acts upon a manometer via a narrow passage. The cylinder is supplied with a screw valve. The manometer diameter is 100 mm. Total length 350 mm.

1805.00 Boyle-Mariotte apparatus

2648.00

2649.00

1805.00

2648.00


Passion for Science

PressureArchimedes cylinder setUseful for demonstrating Archimedes law. The set consists of a plastic weight with a small hook and a transparent container with two nylon loops: The upper loop is for suspension from a dynamometer or a balance (like 0916.00). The weight hangs from the lower loop. The plastic weight is immersed in water, and the buoyancy of the water acts on the cylinder with a force corresponding to the weight of the displaced liquid. The buoyancy is compensated for by fil-ling the container with water. The inner volume of the container is equal to as the volume of the plastic cylinder.

1640.10 Archimedes cylinder set

Liquid level apparatus To show that the level of liquid in con-nected vessels is constant regardless of the size or shape of the vessels. The tubes are mounted on a plastic base, diameter 120 mm. Overall height 230 mm.

1630.00 Liquid level ap-paratus

Hydraulic pressThe device consists of two glass syringes of 2 and 20 mL connected by a short PVC tube. Pressing one cylinder causes the piston of other to move. The distances which piston of the cylinders move are inversely proportional to the area ratios.

1650.00 Hydraulic press

Cartesian devilUsed to demonstrate liquid pressure. Hollow glass figu-rine, height ca. 45 mm.

1660.00 Cartesian devil

Collapsible metal canWith rubber stopper and valve.

1732.00 Collapsible metal can

1640.10

1640.10

1630.00

1650.00

1660.00

1732.00


Passion for Science

Gas model with pistonFor use with 2185.00. Steel balls in motion represent gas mole-cules which lift a plastic piston due to repeated collisions. The model is supplied with piston, balls and a support for placing the apparatus on an overhead projector.

2185.55 Gas model with piston

Electromechanical vibratorThe vibrator is described in detail on page 28.For use with gas model (2185.55), the vibrator may simply be driven by a variable AC power supply. Another possibility is to use our 2502.50 function generator.

2185.00 Electromechanical Vibrator

2185.55

2185.55

2185.00

Solids Gas under piston The gaseous state Brownian motion Boiling liquid


Passion for Science

VacuumWater jet vacuum pumpPolypropylene plastic pump. Connection threads for 1/2” and 3/4” pipes. Supplied with a reverse flow valve. Total length: 270 mm.

0690.20 Water jet vacuum pump, PP

Water jet vacuum pumpChrome plated brass with sealing fitting with 1/2” pipe thread. Supplied with reverse flow valve. Conical tube connection fit-ting 11-12 mm. Total length: 140 mm.

0690.30 Water jet vacuum pump, brass

Water jet vacuum pumpWith manometer of chrome plated brass with a scale from 0 to 1 bar. Accuracy 0.025 bar. Total length: 160 mm.

0690.40 Water jet vacuum pump with manometer

Oil for vacuum pumpFor refilling or replacing the operating oil in vacuum pump 0695.20.

0695.30 Vacuum Oil

1 litre

Vacuum greaseSilicone grease for high vacuum applications. The grease is approved for temperatures from -40 to +250 degrees C. The can contains 60 grams.

890100-1 Vacuum grease

Vacuum meterThe meter scale goesfrom 0 to 1.0 bar at 0.05 bar intervals. The meter diameter is 50 mm. It is supplied with fitting for a vacuum hose.

0700.10 Vacuum meter

Vacuum pump Double-stage electric rotary vane vacuum pump. Technical data:Mains operated: 220 V AC, 50 Hz, 245 W Free air displacement: 70 L/min. Ultimate vacuum: 0.5 Pa (0.05 mBar)Motor power: 1/3 HPFittings sizes: 8 mm hose pipe Oil: 220 mL Dimensions LxWxH: 315 x 240 x 120 mm

0695.25 Vacuum pump

8901.00-1

0690.30

0690.40

0695.300695.25

0690.20

0700.10


Passion for Science

Air pump plateThis plate is used with a bell jar for demonstration experiments involving low pressure. The plate is made of PVC and supplied with rubber feet. A conical vacuum hose connection is fitted with a valve. An independent thumb screw is used for return air. Two standard 4 mm jack connectors are provided with 4 mm jack connections available inside the jar. Plate diameter: 235 mm, height: 40 mm.

1780.00 Air pump plate

Bell jar with knobUsed in conjunction with pump plate no. 1780.00 for vacuum experiments. The dome is made of rugged glass with a ground flange. Diameter 180 mm, height 250 mm.

1785.10 Bell jar with knob

DasymeterFor demonstration of air buoyancy when placed in a vacuum. Hollow plastic ball suspended on beam with adjustable weight. Dimensions: H. 135 mm, L. 120 mm, W. 65 mm.

1740.00 Dasymeter

Electric bell with rubber feetSuitable for demonstrating that sound does not propagate in a vacuum. Uses two 1.5 V D-cells (3510.07) (not included).

4562.10 Electric bell with rubber feet

1785.10

1780.00

4562.10

1740.00


Passion for Science

VacuumMagdeburg hemispheresFor demonstration of the pressure exerted by the atmosphere. Made of chrome plated brass with rubber gasket. Provided with venting screw and connector with non-return valve. Diameter 110 mm.

1735.00 Magdeburg hemispheres1735.01 Rubber Gasket for 1735.001735.15 Megdeburg hemispheres, rummer

Student bell jarThis bell jar provides a va-cuum chamber for students to perform many experiments: Watching a balloon expand. Warm water boils as air is pumped from the chamber. Observing that a suction cup no longer sticks when the jar is evacuated. Barometer 1771.10 fits into the bell jar so the pressure inside can be measured.

1786.00 Student bell jarBarometer, miniFor measurements of baro-metric pressure in millibars and millimetres of mercury with an adjustable dial to record the previous obser-vation. The diameter of the barometer is only 72 mm which makes it possible to place it inside the Student bell jar (1786.00) to measure the pressure in the glass container. The barometer can be calibrated using an adjustment screw.

1771.10 Mini barometer

Pressure sensorsThese sensors are individually calibrated. The calibration con-stants are entered into the demonstration multimeter once. The multimeter is able to distinguish the two types of pressure sensors.The sensors fit plastic tubing with an internal diameter of 5 to 6 mm.

Low pressure sensor:Measuring range: 0-1300 hPa. Accuracy: 1%

IM-131410 Pressure sensor

1735.20

1735.01

1735.00

1771.10

1786.00

IM-131410


Passion for Science

Demonstration MultimeterPressure, pH, temperature, frequency, voltage, current, resistance.

Maintaining maximum student interest in a demonstration requires student involvement. This demonstration multimeter allows students – from anywhere in the class room – to see the instrument readings first hand.

1. Extra large digits

The bright 45 mm high LED digits can easily be seen from the back of the classroom.

2. Extra large unit symbols

A bright 30 mm LED matrix shows the correct unit for the reading (hPa, V, pH, °C, A, Ω and Hz).

3. Auto-ranging

The measuring range is automatically matched to the measured value.

4. One instrument for chemistry and physics

This versatile instrument measures not only the usual electronic quantities like volts, amps and ohms, but also pressure, pH and temperature.

Shown with IM-131410 pressure sensor and various vacuum equipment (not included).

5. Back facing teacher’s display

A secondary display is available on the back of the instrument. Its 14 mm high digits are readable even a few metres away.

6. Computer interface

A serial interface is available for communication with a PC (eventually through a USB-to-serial adapter). The interface is electrically isolated from the rest of the instrument. For control and data acquisition we recommend the free program DataLyse (download from datalyse.dk).

3867.70 Demonstration multimeter

3867.70


Passion for Science

Thermoelectric effectThermocoupleThis item can be used to illustrate the phenomenon of thermo- electricity. It consists of a piece of copper wire connecting two pieces of constantan wire. The copper wire is wound and soldered to the constantan wire. If a temperature difference exists between the two junctions, an electrical potential (of the order of millivolts) can be measured between the two constan-tan wires. Supplied with 4 mm safety jack connectors and with a 10 mm support rod.

4865.00 Thermocouple

Thermal generatorThe generator uses a Peltier element with 72 junctions con-nected in series and mounted on a cooling plate. If a tempe-rature difference exists between the two sides of the element, a potential difference will be generated (Seebeck effect). On the other hand, if a current goes through the element, at tem-perature difference will appear between the two sides (Peltier effect).The exposed side of the Peltier element can be readily heated or cooled e.g. using a metal container with hot or cold water. An electrical current can then be observed. The presence of this current is easy to show to a group using a small lamp (e.g. 1.5 V, 0.09 A - item no. 4250.05) or a low torque motor 5015.00. If a power supply is connected to the Peltier element to pro-duce a temperature difference, voltage and current must be limited to 8 V, resp. 5 A.

4875.00 Thermal generator

4865.00

4875.00

5015.00

4875.00

Waves, sound and light

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Passion for Science

26 • Waves, sound and light

Passion for Science

Ripple tankWhether you are dealing with the wave properties of electromagnetic waves (including light), sound or other types of waves, their behaviour is analogous to the behaviour of waves on a water surface.Water waves have the advantage of being visible and moving so slowly that students can observe the wave phenomena directly.By taking advantage of the optical properties of water waves, they can be enlarged and made visible on a screen.The Ripple tank provides a dramatic demonstration of the general properties of waves and propagation phenomena.

1) Reflection and refraction. By using the linear dipper bar plane parallel waves can be produced. Reflection and refraction of waves can be demonstrated by using appropriate barriers in the water tank.

2) Interference occurs when two point source dippers generate circular waves. The distance between the sources and their frequency can be regulated.

3) The famous double slit experiment: When a plane wave encounters a barrier with two holes, these act like two point source dippers, giving rise to the same interference pattern.

4) The transparent lens cross section is covered by only a shallow layer of water. This decreases the propagation velocity corresponding to an increased index of refraction.

2211.00 Ripple Tank

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Waves, sound and light • 27

Passion for Science

The ripple tank is shown with the mirror and projection screen in place. By removing these, the wavepattern is projected onto the table top and can be traced on a sheet of paper.

The included vibrator is our rugged model 2185.00 – see next page for details.

The complete ripple tank comprises the following individual parts:1) Stroboscope unit (2211.01) 2) Power Supply (Eur: 3550.50/UK: 3550.52)3) Traverse and rods (2) f. strobe (2210.62)4) Legs (3) and plate holder (2210,1013)5) Ripple Tank (2210.33) 6) Mirror (2210,1011)7) Projection screen (2210,5093)8) Vibration Generator (2185.00) 9) Holder for lever arm (2185.05) 10) Lever Arm w. pivot (2210.32)11) Rod with cross foot (2185.06)12) Height adjust unit (2185.07)13) Cable for vibrator (1100.75)14) Remote control f. single pulses (1100.80)15) Acrylic block, convex (2210.29) 16) Acrylic block, concave (2210.28)

17) Acrylic block, prism (2210.30) 18) Dipper for parallel waves (2210.25)19) Pipette flask w. detergent (2210,3190)20) Accessories in box (2210,0016) Comprises: Single dipper (2210.22) Double dipper (2210.23) Barriers, long (2) (2210.26) Barrier, short (2210.27) Single dipper tips (5) (2210,2202) Spare pipette (0561.15)

The ripple tank set is supplied in a fibre box segmented for storing the components and with complete user instructions.

2211.00 Ripple Tank

With the ripple tank you will need a retort stand base like 0006.00

0006.00 Retort stand base

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18

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0006.00


Passion for Science

Chladni platesFor use with 2185.00. A thin layer of fine sand is spread over the plate, and resonance patterns (”Chladni” figures) can be observed at certain frequencies. The plate resonances are audible.

Vibrator and accessories

Electromechanical vibratorMax. input: 6 V/1A. Dimensions: 120 mm x Ø 100 mmWeight: 1.26 kg

2185.00 Electromechanical Vibrator

2185.00

2185.25

8833.00-3

8833.00-3 Sand for Chladni plates

2185.25 Resonance plate, circular

2185.20 Resonance plate, square

This vibrator generates powerful mechanical vibrations when used with a signal generator like 2502.50. The rugged construction means years of problem-free use. The unit is fuse protected and supplied with a lock to fix the moving parts while changing ac-cessories. The vibrator is supplied with mounting hardware, a string holder and a spare fuse.

2185.202185.25


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Flat springs for resonance experimentsVarious lengths. For use with 2185.00. Fundamental frequen-cies at 11, 15, 21, 36 and 50 Hz can be readily observed. Interesting standing waves can be seen up to 300 Hz and heard up to 900 Hz.

2185.30 Flat Springs for resonance experiments

Gas model with pistonFor use with 2185.00. Steel balls in motion represent gas mole-cules which lift a plastic piston due to repeated collisions. The model is supplied with piston, balls and a support for placing the apparatus on an overhead projector.. See page 19.

2185.55 Gas model with piston

Rubber string2 metres. For use with 2185.00 for demonstrating standing waves.

2185.40 Rubber string

Longitudinal wave spring155 mm long and 27 mm diameter. Spring constant 4,7 N/m.

2155.50 Spiral spring

Piano wire ringUsed with 2185.00 for demonstrating the relationship between frequency and the number of vibrational nodes. Diameter: 290 mm.

2185.10 Piano wire ring

2185.30

2155.50

2185.00

2185.10

2185.00

2185.40

2185.55


Passion for Science

Function generator

Designed for educationIn our development team we include experienced physics teachers. This ensures that the technical perfection goes hand in hand with usefulness.For basic use, you just operate two large buttons: One for frequency – one for amplitude. That’s it.If you want to change waveform or to utilise the new step and sweep modes, the display keeps you updated on the status of the generator.

Unique frequency controlThe frequency is set by a speed sensitive button. Turn slowly to set the display’s last digit. Turn faster, and the response accelerates softly. We have designed this function to work intuitively in practical experiments with common physics equipment.

Drives speaker, vibrator etc. directlyThe built-in 10 W power amplifier drives effortlessly power- consuming appliances as e.g. a vibrator. The amplifier can deliver more than 1 A for all frequencies between 0.001 Hz and 100 kHz and is directly coupled to the generator part - no switches or external cables complicates use.

Step modeIn many applications you need to study a physical system at a fundamental frequency and at different multiples of this frequency. The special step feature makes this task a breeze.

Sweep modeThe generator can sweep through a frequency range in order to discover eventual resonances. You decide the frequency range and the speed. You have the choice between a linear sweep (fixed number of Hz per time) and a logarithmic sweep (fixed number of octaves per time).

Advanced FeaturesThe generator connects to your PC through a standard USB cable and acts as a USB memory stick.Custom defined waveforms (e.g. created by means of a spreadsheet) can be saved to the generator.Sequences of settings can be programmed for automatic execution.

SpecificationsBuild-in waveformsBipolar: Sine, triangle, squarePositive: Square pulse, triangle pulse, ramp up, ramp downDistortion (sine): < 0.1 % up to 20 kHz; < 1 % otherwiseFrequency range50 Ω and sync outputs: 0.001 Hz to 10.00 MHzPower output: 0.001 Hz to 100.0 kHzFrequency stability: Better than 0.005 %

Amplitude50 Ω output, no load: 0 to 10 V (20 V p-p for bipolar waveforms)Sync output: 5 V (TTL signal: 0 to 5 V)Power output: 0 to 10 V (20 V p-p for bipolar waveforms)Max current50 Ω output, short circuit: 200 mA (only briefly)50 Ω output, into 50 : 100 mA (unlimited)Power output: 1 A (unlimited)Misc.Mains voltage: 230 V; 50-60 Hz (115 V on request: Item no. 2502.51)Power consumption: 85 W (max) ; 21 W (idle)Dimensions (W x D x H): 312 x 205 x 117 mm

2503.50 Function generator


Passion for Science

Loudspeaker, smallThis small loudspeaker approximates a point source of sound. Use two with function generator 2502.50 in experiments with interference of sound waves. Mounted on a 10 mm diameter rod.Power: 1W into 25ΩDimensions: 165 mm x Ø 67 mm.

2505.00 Loudspeaker, small

LoudspeakerThis three-way full range speaker system can be used with e.g. the type 2502.50 function generator in the study of sound, frequency, amplitude and timbre.A Ø 10 mm steel rod makes it easy to place the loudspeaker on a stand base like 0006.00 (not included). Frequency range: 60 - 20.000 HzPower: 50 W into 4 ΩDimensions: H x W x D: 215 x 116 x 110 mm.

2510.51 Loudspeaker

2485.10

2505.00

MicrophoneThe small size of this microphone makes it ideal for experi-ments with sound interference. Other typical applications are measurement of sound frequencies, speed of sound experi-ments and the recording of sound by data loggers.It is supplied with a one metre cable with a 6 pole, 240° DIN plug which connects directly to the electronic counter type 2002.50 or student timer 2006.60. The microphone can be connected to an oscilloscope or other measuring instruments via type 2515.60 power supply. The frequency range is 20-20,000 Hz. Supplied with Ø 10 mm support rod.Dimensions: 105 mm x Ø 30 mm.

2485.10 Microphone without stand

Microphone probeUsed for measurement of sound pressure levels in locations which are hard to access.The probe is intended for use with 2480.10 resonance tube.Full description on page 33.

2515.50 Microphone probe

Power supply – battery boxMicrophones type 2485.10 are usually powered by a counter or timer. Microphone probe 2515.50 is powered when con-nected to appropriate datalogging equipment.If these microphones are to be used as stand-alone units (for instance with an oscilloscope), they need external power - which is provided by this battery box. Full description on page 33.

2515.60 Power supply

2515.50

2515.60

2510.51


Passion for Science

Resonant states in a tube closed in both ends.

Resonant States i a tube closed in both ends, while CO2 is fed through the tube.

Resonant States i a tube open in one end, and closed in the other.

Resonant States i a tube open in both ends.

Resonant States i a tube open in one end, and closed in the other, while changing the length of the tube with the movable piston. Sound come from either the speaker or a tuningfork.

�

Resonance tube for sound experimentsThis resonance tube provides many options for working with sound waves:– Examine standing waves in a tube open at both ends, closed at both ends or open at one end and closed at the other. – Examine standing waves in a closed tube containing various gasses (e.g. CO2).– Vary the length of the half open tube by means of a piston.

The apparatus consists of a Plexiglas tube with two end pieces – one with a loudspeaker and one with a hole for the piston shaft or for the 2515.50 microphone probe. Cable for the loudspeaker, piston and two mounts are included.(Microphone probe and tripod stand bases are not including).Dimensions: 100 cm x Ø 7 cm.

2480.10 Resonance tube

Standing waves in a closed tube

Standing waves in CO2

Standing waves in a tube with open end

Standing waves in a tube with both ends open

Changing the length of the air column.A tuning fork or a loudspeaker can be used as the sound source


Passion for Science

Microphone probeA miniature microphone is mounted at the end of a 740 mm long 8 mm diameter stainless steel probe for measurement of sound pressure levels in locations which are hard to access. The frequency range is 20 to 20,000 Hz.The probe is intended for use with 2480.10 resonance tube.The probe is supplied with a 2 metre cable with a DIN con-nector.Note: The microphone is powered by an external voltage. This can be provided by our 2515.60 power supply / battery box or by data logging equipment. In order to use the microphone with a multimeter or an oscil-loscope the 2515.60 power supply is required.

2515.50 Microphone probe

Power supply - battery boxThe power supply is designed for use with microphones and other sensors that require + 5 V DC to operate. (It also makes it possible to use certain combinations of new and old equipment like photo gates and timers – for details, refer to the manual available online.)The unit is provided with a battery compartment for 9 V alkali-ne battery type 6LR61 (3510.10) which via an electronic regula-tor supplies the +5 V DC supply voltage for connected probes. The unit has two inputs with 6 pole, 240° DIN connectors and one input with an 8 pole, 270° DIN connector that also accepts a 5 pole, 180° DIN plug.The output terminals comprise two 5 pole, 180° DIN connec-

Kundt’s resonance tubeThis apparatus is designed for demonstration of standing waves and for determination of the wavelengths of sound waves in air. The tube is supplied with a millimetre scale and a moveable piston for changing the length of the air column. (You will also need an external sound source - e.g. 2240.10 Tuning fork 1000 Hz, together with 2245.61 Striking hammer.)Dimensions: 66 cm x Ø 3 cm.

2475.00 Kundt’s resonance tube

tors and a set of 4 mm safety connectors. Dimensions (L x W x H): 14.3 x 8.4 x 3.7 cm.

2515.60

Power supply

2475.00

2515.50


Passion for Science

Tuning fork, aluminiumThe large oscillating area of these aluminium tuning forks ensures a good coupling to the surrounding air, making the sound clearly audible. Use one of these in Doppler effect de-monstrations by swinging it around in a string.The lengths are 118 and 104 mm, resp. Width: 30 mm.

2240.00 Tuning fork, 1700 Hz2240.10 Tuning fork, 1000 Hz

Tuning forks, steelThese tuning forks are made of nickel plated steel with the tone and frequency engraved.2225.00 Tuning fork 440 Hz. Length 120 mm2230.01 Tuning fork 440 Hz. Length 145 mm

Pair of tuning forks on resonance boxesThe tuning forks are manufactured in special nickel-plated steel. They are used for resonance and dissonance experi-ments. The resonance boxes are made of lacquered pine and supplied with thick felt pads on the bottom. The set includes a small weight for mounting on one arm of a fork in order to change the frequency. The standard frequency is 440 Hz. Set contains: Two tuning forks + boxes and a hammer.

2245.20 Pair of tuning forks on resonance boxes

Tuning fork set C-scale, physical

The set consists of eight tuning forks from

C(256) to C(512) manu-factured in nickel plated

steel with frequency values engraved. Supplied in car-

rying case.

2235.00 Tuning fork set, C-scale

Tuning fork for demonstration experimentsIt is easy to hear an ordinary tuning fork but somewhat more difficult to show how it moves. The demonstration tuning fork oscillates at a frequency which is far below the audible range (around 5.4 Hz). On the other hand it is easy to observe its motion. Made of nickel plated steel. Length 75 cm.

2220.00 Tuning fork for demonstration experiments

2240.00 2240.10

2245.20

UDGÅR

2230.01

UDGÅR

2235.00

2220.00

2225.00


Passion for Science

Wave machineThe apparatus is used for demonstrating longitudinal and transverse waves. It is supplied with a drive shaft with a crank which acts on a number of vertical rods as it rotates. Each rod has a white marking at the top. Eight of the rods are supplied with an angular extension which makes it possible to observe the corresponding longitudinal wave. A 360 degree scale is mounted at the crank to enable the phase angle to be deter-mined. Dimensions: (L x H x D) 48 x 32x10 cm.

2212.00 Wave machine

Spiral spring ”Slinky”This loose, large diameter spring works well on a smooth floor or a large table for demonstration of longitudinal vibrations. Length: 150 mm. Diameter: 75 mm.

2155.70 Spiral spring ”Slinky”

Spiral spring ”Slinky”The migrant spring. Suitable for demonstration of wave motion.Length: 110 mm. Diameter: 75 mm.

2155.70 Spiral spring ”Slinky”

spring, 3 metresThe spring is used for demonstrations of transverse oscilla-tions and for producing standing waves. Large, rugged and easy to see for a large audience. This demonstration spring is ideal for the introduction of the basic concepts of wave motion.Length, unloaded: 300 cm. Diameter: 19 mm.

2155.65 Spiral spring, 3 metres

2212.00

2155.70

2155.65

20402


Passion for Science

4895.50

2885.00

2885.20

Interference experiments

He-Ne laser The laser emits light with a wavelength of 632.8 nanometres. The emitted light is coherent, i.e. wave fronts propagate in the same phase over a large distance compared with ordinary light sources. The emitted light is highly directional and the beam diameter at the laser is about 0.5 mm increasing very gradually at increasing distances from the laser. The light emitted is not uniformly polarized but changes its polarization at random around the direction of propagation. Light from the laser is ideal for demonstrations of optical interference. If a line grating is placed in the laser beam, the interference pattern will be clearly visible on a projection screen. The laser can be used for a wide range of applications in optics, communication etc.

2885.00 He-Ne Laser, max. 1 mW2885.10 He-Ne Laser, max. 2 mW

He-Ne laser, modulatedLike 2885.00 but with the option of amplitude modulating the light. The laser is provided with a BNC connector for connec-tion to a function generator, CD-player or similar signal source. For demonstration of optical communication the photodetec-tor 4895.50 is a perfect match. Maximum modulation frequency: 1 MHz

2885.20 He-Ne laser, modulated, max. 1 mW

Photodetector The photodetector is provided with a photo diode which generates an electrical signal proportional with the light intensi-ty. The signal can be applied to the built in loudspeaker or used for measurements via the AC and DC output connections. The photodetector can be used for demonstrating communication over a laser beam, fibre optic communication, plotting of inter-ference patterns, etc. The maximum frequency is 1 MHz.The DC signal, proportional to the light intensity, can be moni-tored by a voltmeter or datalogging equipment.

4895.50 Photodetector

Laser objectiveNeeded when the laser beam is just too narrow. Together with e.g. an F = 100 mm lens this convex lens is useful for illumina-tion of a larger area of a diffraction grating or a slide with slits. The objective is supplied with a threaded adapter for mounting on the laser’s optics adapter.

0768.86 Objective 10x achromatic, N.A. 0.25

0768.86

1100.75

Cable for photodetectorUsed to connect the DC output of 4895.50 to e.g. a voltmeter.

1100.75 Cable, mini-jack to 2 banana plugs


Passion for Science

Laser diffraction kit This kit comprises 18 slides which allow performance and de-monstration of e.g. Fraunhofer Diffraction, Fresnel Diffraction, a number of other diffraction experiments.

– Six slides with 1 to 6 slits. Width 0.06 mm, distance 0.20 mm

– Slide with holes, Diameters 0.3 – 0.4 – 0.6 – 1.0 mm– Three slides with coarse gratings– Two slides with fine diffraction gratings (80 and 300 lines per millimetre)– Slide with a fine metal gauze (300 mesh)– Slide with a tapered single slit– Slide with a tapered double slit– Two slides with polarizing filters– Slide with a transmission hologram

The slides are labelled and come in a storage box complete with an inventory list and brief experiment notes.

3272.00 Laser Diffraction kit

3272.00

3240.00

You will find more lasers and accessories in the “Optics” chapter.

Wavelength of lightThe apparatus is designed to measure the wavelength of light by studying the interference pattern from a double slit. The equipment is well suited for student lab exercises. The device contains a 12 V festoon lamp with a holder for colour filters and a millimetre scale with moveable markers. The light is viewed at a distance of about 3 metres through a double slit. The viewer directs a co-worker to adjust the mar-kers so that the distance between them corresponds to 10 interference maxima. Afterwards the precise distances can be measured and the wavelength of the light can be calculated. Red and blue colour filters and a double slit are provided.Power source required: 12 V AC/DC, 1.3 A.

3240.00 Determining wavelength


Passion for Science

Sound level meter, digitalRobust, user friendly sound level meter with 4-digital display. Measuring range from 30 to 130 dB divided into three ranges. User can choose dBA or dBC weghting.The instrument is provided with a max/min feature and an AC/DC output for connection to a chart recorder or data collection unit. An external 9V DC power supply may be used. Supplied in case with manual, battery and wind shield.

Technical Specifications:

Ranges: 30-80 dB, 50-100 dB and 80-130 dB

Accuracy: +/- 1.5 dB

Resolution: 0.1 dB

Frequency range: 31.5 Hz - 8 kHz

DC output: 10 mV/dB, impedance: 50 Ω

AC output: 1 V RMS at full scale, impedance: 600 Ω Ω

Power supply: 9 V block battery or line adapter

Size: 275 x 64 x 30 mm

2528.30 sound level meter, digital

2528.30

Optics

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Passion for Science

40 • Optics

Passion for Science

Optical benchStable optical bench offering a convenient way of carrying out optical experiments as well as different experiments with radioactive sources. The bench is made of black-anodized aluminium and equip-ped with ruler on the side. Supplied with the following standard equipment:

– 2 sliding saddles (no. 2946.20) with Ø 10 mm hole for fixing various equipment.

– 1 sliding saddle (no. 2946.20) for optical disc.

– 2 bases with rubber pads and levelling screws (no. 2946.30).

Total length 1000 mm. Cross section 26 x 82 mm.

2946.00 Optical bench

Sliding saddleFor optical bench 2946.00. For fixing of optical equipment with max. 10 mm diameter fixing rod. Made of black-anodized aluminium with thumb screw and measuring line. Dimensions: 35 x 50 x 84 mm.

2946.10 Sliding saddle

Sliding saddle for optical discAs 2946.10 but with the hole off-centre. Needed for 2900.00 optical disc. (Also used in 5142.00 muon observatory.)

2946.20 Sliding saddle for optical disc

Base for optical benchBase with rubber pads and two levelling screws, in black anodized aluminium. Length: 125 mm, Height: 50 mm, Width: 25 mm.

2946.30 Base for optical bench (single)

Extension sections for optical benchBlack-anodized extension section for the optical bench 2946.00 Equipped with a ruler. Base (2946.30) is not included.

2946.40 Section for optical bench 600 mm2946.46 Section for optical bench 2000 mm

Joint Link for optical benchJoint link in black-anodized aluminium with degree scale for coupling of the optical bench to the extension section.

2946.50 Joint link for optical bench

Profiled railShort section of the same profile as used in the optical bench – without ruler, base and sliding saddles. Length 370 mm.

2946.35 Profiled rail

2946.40

2946.10

2946.202946.50 2946.30 (x2)

2946.00

2946.352946.10

Optics • 41

Passion for Science

White screenIn laminated plastic with white surface. Height 250 mm, width 250 mm, with 10 mm fixing rod.

3055.10 White screen

Student Reuter lampThis simple, high intensity light is very suitable for experiments with lenses, prisms and optical gratings. The light source itself is a small festoon lamp with the filament aligned with the sup-porting rod making it easy to position on an optical bench. The long, narrow filament is ideal for performing experiments with lens optics and gratings. The lamp housing is supplied with a cooling fan which keeps the housing cool enough to touch even though the lamp is rated at 15 watts of electrical power.

2800.30 Student Reuter lamp

Experiment lampThis lamp emits a bright beam of light, ideal for many types of experiments and demonstrations. Focus and filament position are easily adjusted. Provided with safety jack connectors and a Ø 10 mm mounting rod for use on an optical bench or with a laboratory stand. A 50 W halogen lamp is included.During operation the lamp housing is ventilated by means of a built-in ventilator, so the surface temperature of the housing will not exceed 60 °C.The Reuter Lamp has both a bi-pin socket for halogen lamps 12 V/50 W (item no. 4270.10) and a bayonet socket for 12 V/35 W lamps (item no. 4265.40). Length: 310 mm. Width: 76 mm. Height: 105 mm (excluding mounting rod).Power supply needed: 12 V AC/DC, minimum 3 A (35 W lamp) or 4.2 A (50 W lamp).

2800.50 Experiment lamp

Aperture holder for experiment lampHolder for apertures, colour filters, etc.The aperture holder fits the lens mount of the experiment lamp. It is rotatable and can be used for apertures or filters mounted in standard slide frames.

2800.55 Aperture holder

2800.30

2800.50

3055.10

2800.55

42 • Optics

Passion for Science

Lenses and apertures

Lenses in holderFor use with the optical bench. Lens diameter 50 mm. Mounted in rectangular plastic plate 100 x 100 mm with 10 mm stainless steel rod and printed focal length.

2950.10 Lens in holder, + 300 mm2950.20 Lens in holder, + 100 mm2950.30 Lens in holder, + 50 mm2950.40 Lens in holder, - 200 mm

Iris diaphragmMaximum aperture 28 mm. Black 100 x 100 mm plastic screen with Ø 10 mm fixing rod.

2960.00 Iris diaphragm

Lens and slide holderA versatile holder made to fix slides max. 50 x 50 mm and Ø 50 mm lenses. Two spring loaded clips allow you to fix up to 16 mm thick len-ses and slides. Supplied with a 10 mm diameter steel rod for fixing in an optical bench etc. Overall length 170 mm.

2902.01 Lens and slide holder

Set of lenses 50 mm diameterThis set of lenses comprises 6 different lenses Ø 50 mm. The lenses can be mounted in lens and slide holder 2902.01. The set of lenses may be used for a number of optical experiments but are also specified to be particularly well suited for laser experiments. A storage box is included. The set comprises lenses with the following focal lengths:Biconvex: 50, 100, 200, 1000 mm. Biconcave: 50 and 100 mm.

2903.00 Set of lenses 50 mm diameter

Adjustable slitSlit length 42 mm, width continuously adjustable to a maxi-mum of approximately 9 mm by means of a spring loaded knurled knob. Made of black coloured brass, placed in a black-anodized aluminium square, 150 mm side length with 10 mm steel rod. The adjustable slit can be positioned verti-cally or horizontally.

3230.00 Adjustable slit

2950.10-30

2903.00

2960.00

2950.40

2902.01

2946.10

3230.00

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Slits and filter holderDesigned to accept slits and filters etc. 50 mm square of maximum 3.5 mm thickness. Black 100 x 100 mm plastic screen with Ø 10 mm fixing rod.

2950.80 Slits and filter holder

Single slits, various widthsThis aperture consists of five different slit widths for demonstrations of diffraction patterns: 0.04 – 0.08 – 0.14 – 0.20 – 0.26 mm. Size: 50 x 50 mm.

3230.10 Single slits, various widths

Double slitMounted in a slide between two glass plates. Spacing between slits 0.1 mm.

3240.10 Double slit

Triple slit Spacing between slits 7 mm, slit width 1 mm.

3010.00 Triple slit

Seven slitsSpacing between slits 5 mm, slit width 0,8 mm.

3010.05 Seven slit

Arrow apertureSlit width 1.5 mm. The slit is shaped like an arrow.

3010.10 Arrow aperture

“F” slitSlit width 1 mm. Used in optical experiments; the asymmetrical shape reveals whether the picture is horizontally or vertically inversed.

3010.20 “F” slit

Slides with circular aperture3006.00 Slide, Ø 1 mm hole3006.10 Slide, Ø 2 mm hole3006.20 Slide, Ø 4 mm hole

2950.80

2

50 x 50 mm optical componentsAll of these are mounted in glass-less slides, unless otherwise noted.

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Reflection and refractionPlane mirrorGlass mirror, back-silvered with protective coating. Rectangular 180 x 120 mm.

3040.20 Plane mirror

Glass Prism, right angleSide lengths: 40 mm and 54 mm, height: 40 mm.2985.15 Glass prism, right angle

Crown glass prismTriangle side 30 mm, height 30 mm.2985.20 Crown glass prism

Flint glass prismTriangle side 30 mm, height 30 mm.2985.30 Flint glass prism

Prism tableCircular disc Ø 62 mm mounted on Ø 10 mm rod. With adjustable spring loaded clamp to accommodate prisms from 10 to 50 mm high.

2990.00 Prism table

3040.20

2903.10

2990.00

2985.00-30

Set of mirrors, convex/concave Two mirrors, one concave and one convex. Fits holder 2902.01. Diameter 50 mm, focal length +/- 100 mm.

2903.10 Set of mirrors, convex/concave

Prism, equilateralGlass prism with polished faces. Triangle side 34 mm, height 35 mm.2985.00 Prism, equilateral

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Prism, hollow 60°Hollow prism with 3 mm glass sides and a detachable top. Outer length 68 mm. Height 53 mm. For demonstrating refraction in liquids.

3000.00 Prism, hollow 60°

Sugar prismThe sugar prism is used for measuring the sugar concentration in liquids, e.g. juice. Using a number of reference solutions with known sugar content one can compare the refraction of light, e.g. a laser beam, of reference samples and an unknown solu-tion. Supplied with complete instructions for student projects and experiments.

5459.20 Sugar prism

Light refraction tankThis Plexiglas tank is supplied with plane parallel sides. One of the corners in the bottom is cut off at a 45° angle to facilitate the entry of light rays. It is ideal for optical experiments with refraction and (total) reflection. To make the light rays visible in the water, a small amount of chalk powder can be suspended in the liquid. If the light source is white light or a blue or violet laser like our 1420.95, a little fluorescein will give very good results. To make the rays visible in the air above the water, blow a little smoke into the tank.Size: 370 x 130 x 150 mm.

3015.00 Light refraction tank

Lid for 3015.00Needed to keep smoke inside the tank.

3015.10 Lid for 3015.00

Sodium fluoresceinWhen hit by shortwave light, fluorescein lights up with a bright yellowish hue. It is useful for showing the path of a light ray in a transparent liquid. Visible light or a blue or violet laser beam can be used. Sodium fluorescein can be supplied either as a powder or in solution.

8298.00-05 Sodium fluorescein, powder, 50 g8299.00-2 Sodium fluorescein, solution, 200 mL

Mirror, rotatable with indicator needleThis rotatable mirror is mounted on a stand. Useful for directing the light beam as desired inside the refraction vat.

3025.00 Mirror, rotatable with indicator needle

3000.00

8299.00

5459.20

3025.00

3015.00

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Geometrical opticsOptical discA 25 cm diameter white faced disc clearly marked at every 5° and with crosshairs at 90° to mark the centre. The disc can be rotated around the centre. The stand provided fits the special 2946.20 sliding saddle. The optical disc is equipped with a holder for optical components from e.g. the 2902.00 optics kit.

2900.00 Optical disc

Acrylic plastic blocksFor refraction experiments. Clear 19 mm thick, polished blocks, free from striae and bubbles. Bottom surfaces are ground to show ray tracks.

No. Type Dimension

2905.00 Triangular prism 90°, 45°, 80 x 56 mm.2905.10 Triangular prism Equilateral, side 64 mm.2905.20 Biconvex lens 79 mm, radius 205 mm.2905.30 Biconcave lens 79 mm, radius 205 mm.2905.40 Rectangular prism Side 75 x 25mm.2905.50 Semicircular lens 80 mm diameter.2905.60 Trapezoidal prism Total Length: 100 mm

2900.00

2902.00

2905.00

2905.40 2905.50

2905.60

2905.202905.30

2908.00

2905.10

2908.00 Plane mirror glass, back-silvered, mounted on a hardwood block. Side length 90 mm.

Optics kitA complete set of 19 mm thick acrylic prisms, lenses and mirrors suitable for doing all of the classical optics experi-ments. Supplied in a partitioned storage box. All the acrylic blocks are made of clear polished acrylic resin free from striae and bubbles. Bottom surfaces are ground to show ray tracks. The kit comprises the following items which may also be supplied separately: 2905.00/20/30/40/50/60 and the mirrors 2908.00 and 2910.00.

2902.00 Optics kit

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Lamp holders E14/E27 for mains connectionMounted on a 10 mm diameter rod, supplied with cable and 230 V plug.Stand base is not included (shown with 0004.10).

4130.10 Lamp holder E27

Smoke lenses, set of 4Optics experiments will never be the same without smoke len-ses once you have tried them. Students can see the light as it passes through the lenses. Refraction and internal reflection are observed with a clarity never seen before. Especially well suited for experiments with lasers. The set comprises 4 blocks 20 mm thick made of a special acrylic resin: 2 convex lenses 50 and 100 mm focal length, 1 prism 90°, 45°, 45° and 1 rec-tangular prism.

2912.00 Smoke lenses, set of 4

2912.00

2935.01

2935.00

4130.10

Optical set with light box Very comprehensive set for teaching geometrical optics and mixing of colours.The set is consisting of a light box with a 12V halogen bulb, different lenses, slits, colour filters and mirrors. 24 parts.

2935.00 Optical set with light box

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Optics set, image formationLenses mounted in holder with surrounding black screenFor student use. 40 mm lenses mounted in rectangular plastic plate 80 x 120 mm with a heavy nickel-plated brass base. En-graved focal distance. Centre height 83 mm. Can be used with light source no. 2800.30, slits and filter holder no. 2970.00.

2965.00 Lens in holder, + 300 mm2965.10 Lens in holder, + 100 mm2965.20 Lens in holder, + 50 mm2965.30 Lens in holder, - 200 mm

Slits and filter holderDesigned to accept slits and filters etc. of size 50 mm square by a maximum of 3.5 mm thickness. 80 x 120 mm plastic screen with heavy nickel-plated brass base. Centre height 83 mm.

2970.00 Slits and filter holder

Glass platePlane rectangular 180 x 120 mm, 2 mm thick.

3040.00 Glass plate

Plane mirrorGlass, back-silvered with protective coating. Rectangular 180 x 120 mm.

3040.20 Plane mirror

Holder for screens and mirrorsIn polished 1 mm stainless steel. Width 20 mm, height 40 mm.

3050.00 Holder for screens and mirrors

2965.00-.30

3050.00

2970.00

3040.20

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ColoursColour filters, foilThese transparent coloured foils are supplied in rolls of 50 x 122 cm. These colour filters are reasonably selec-tive and correct compared with the international colour standards. The filters can be cut into A4 format or other appropriate sizes for use on overhead projectors or e.g. 6 x 6 cm sizes for student use.

3089.00 Colour filter, primary red3089.10 Colour filter, yellow3089.20 Colour filter, primary green3089.30 Colour filter, primary blue3089.50 Colour filter, cyan3089.60 Colour filter, magenta

Coloured filters, 10 piecesSet of coloured filters mounted in slides. Yellow, ruby, blue, red, green, cyan, magenta, purple, mat.3090.90 Coloured filters

Colour filters, acrylicColour filters produced with 3 mm thick, 50 x 50 mm acry-lic plates suitable for use with the aperture supports items 2950.80 and 2970.00.

3085.00 Colour filter, red3085.10 Colour filter, yellow3085.20 Colour filter, green3085.30 Colour filter, blue

Colour discMade of thick cardboard, Ø 300 mm, with three sets of seven spectrum colours correctly proportioned to appear white when rapidly rotated.

3200.00 Colour disc

Whirling apparatusFor rotation of colour disc no. 3200.00. Consists of a handle with a spindle and pulley with cord for rotation of spindle. The colour disc is fixed by an 8 mm knurled nut. Length 160 mm, diameter 25 mm.

3202.00 Whirling apparatus

Motor/generatorOur universal 12 V motor is ideal for bringing the colour disc in rotation.Detailed description on page 72.

2025.00 Motor/generator

3090.90

3089.00-.60

3200.00

3202.00

2025.00

3085.00-.30

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Passion for Science

Spectral lampsSpectral lamps, OsramA powerful light source for producing line spectra or monochromatic light when used with the appropriate filters.Lamps with 9 pole Pico sockets with external gas glow head for visible spectral emission.Length: 100 mm. Diameter: 20 mm.For mounting inside spectral lamp housing no. 2830.50.

2835.00 Spectral lamp Na-102835.20 Spectral lamp Cd-102835.30 Spectral lamp He-102835.40 Spectral lamp Ne-102835.50 Spectral lamp Zn-102836.10 Spectral lamp Hg-100

Lamp holder for Osram spectral lampsThe well known lamp holder for Osram spectral lamps has a built-in cooling fan to keep the surface temperature below 50 °C. Must be used with the control transformer no. 2840.50. (Provided with a Ø 10 mm support rod that fits a threaded hole on the back.)Dimensions: 78 x 78 x 236 mm.

2830.50 Lamp holder for spectral lamps

Control transformerUse with our spectral lamp holders – for both Osram and E-27 types. Max. 1 A. Dimensions: Width 185, height 120, depth 220 mm.

2840.50 Control transformer (230 V)

Spectral lamps with E-27 socketA low cost alternative to using the spectral lamps from Osram. These lamps should be used with a special spectral lamp hol-der (no. 2830.60) as well as a control transformer (no. 2840.50).

2836.50 Spectral lamp with E-27 socket, Na2836.60 Spectral lamp with E-27 socket, Hg2836.70 Spectral lamp with E-27 socket, Ne2836.55 Spectral lamp with E-27 socket, Cd2836.65 Spectral lamp with E-27 socket, Zn2836.75 Spectral lamp with E-27 socket, He

Lamp holder for E-27 spectral lampsVentilated lamp holder for E-27 spectral lamps.Must be used with control transformer 2840.50. Dimensions 78 x 78 x 295 mm

2830.65 Lamp holder for E-27 spectral lamps

2840.50

2830.50

2835.00-2836.10

2830.65

2836.50-70

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Spectral tubesStraight pattern, capillary length approximately 70 mm. Fitted with a 6.5 mm diameter contact caps at each end.For observing line and band spectra from various noble and diatomic gasses.For mounting inside spectral tube holder 2855.70

.

2850.00 Spectral tube Ne2850.10 Spectral tube Hg2850.20 Spectral tube H22850.25 Spectral tube H2 Balmer2850.30 Spectral tube He2850.40 Spectral tube Ar2850.50 Spectral tube O22850.60 Spectral tube Kr2850.70 Spectral tube N22851.10 Spectral tube H2O2851.20 Spectral tube CO22851.30 Spectral tube Xe2851.50 Spectral tube I iodine *)2851.80 Spectral tube Na and He*)

*) Please note:

As the elements iodine and sodium are solid at room tempe-rature, the spectral tubes 2851.50 and 2851.80 will look ”dirty” on the inside of the glass. The sodium may even have formed a cast of the electrode, making it look broken. Normally, these conditions do not affect the function of the tubes.

Spectral tube holder and power supplyThis holder makes the use of spectral tubes easier and safer. The spectral tube is mounted from the front in the insulated holders with electrodes, where the lower holder is spring loaded parallel to the tube axis.The holder is provided with a power supply which can deliver 6 kV DC at max. 2 mA to the electrodes built into the base of the insulated holder.Can be used with spectral tubes 2850.00 – 2851.30 and with many other types of spectral tubes.Dimensions: 78 x 78 x 290 mm. For 220 V AC.

2855.70 Spectral tube holder and power supply

2850.00-70 2851.10-80

2855.70

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SpectroscopyPrisms (equilateral)High quality prisms suited for spectrometer no. 3215.30 to measure spectral lines as well as to determine refractive indices of prisms.Dimensions: side length 30 mm, height 30 mm

2985.20 Crown glass prism2985.30 Flint glass prism

Hand spectroscope, direct viewingThis high quality instrument gives bright and sharp spectra, centred in the field of view. The instrument is based on a 600 lines per mm grating and allows observation of both emission and absorption spectra. Overall dimensions: Diameter 25 mm, length 105 mm.

3210.05 Hand spectroscope, direct viewing

SpectrometerThis classical sturdy spectrometer can be used with either a prism or an optical grating. The instrument is provided with an easy to read vernier scale that can be read directly in tenths of a degree. The spectrometer is supplied with a prism and grating holder on an adjustable prism table. The collimator and telescope are fitted with 178 mm focal length 32 mm aperture achromatic objectives. The telescope is fitted with a Ramsden eyepiece and crosshair reticle and a collimator with an adjustable slit.The telescope and collimator mounting arrangement permits accurate levelling of the axes. The spectrometer table, diameter 85 mm, is marked with lines to assist positioning of the prism in relation to the levelling screw, and it has interchangeable clamping units for prism and diffraction gratings.

3215.30 Spectrometer

2985.20-30

3210.05

3215.30

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Diffraction gratingsOptical gratings, 24 x 36 mmA grating mounted between two plane parallel plates of glass. Frame area: 50 x 50 mm. These gratings fit the filter holders 2950.80 and 2970.00.Grating area: 24 x 36 mm.

3245.00 Optical grating, 300 lines/mm3245.10 Optical grating, 600 lines/mm3245.20 Optical grating, 1200 lines/mm

Optical gratings, 30 x 45 mmA grating mounted between two plane parallel glass plates. Frame area: 48 x 63.5 mm. These gratings are ideal for the 3215.30 spectrometer. (They will not fit the 2950.80 or 2970.00 filter holders.)Grating area: 30 x 45 mm.

3250.00 Optical grating, 100 lines/mm3250.10 Optical grating, 200 lines/mm3250.20 Optical grating, 300 lines/mm3250.30 Optical grating, 600 lines/mm

Diffraction gratingA demonstration slide consisting of three gratings with 100, 300 and 600 lines/mm respectively. Each has an area of 9 x 16 mm. They are mounted between plane parallel glass plates in a cardboard slide 90 x 30 mm in size.

3260.00 Diffraction grating

Glass diffraction gratings Glass diffraction grating on a glass carrier. Grating surface approx. 25 x 25 mm. Carrier surface 38 x 50 mm, thickness 4 mm, suited for spectrometer no. 3215.30

3255.05 Diffraction grating 300 lines/mm3255.10 Diffraction grating 600 lines/mm

3245.00-20

3260.00

3250.00-30

3255.05-10

Grating model, set of 4 kitsIt can sometimes be difficult for students to visualize the optical diffraction grating. Standard gratings have very small gratings constants making the lines invisible to the naked eye. Using machine screws and 0.30 mm nylon line it is possible to produce your own simple optical grating. With a laser beam and a distance of 6 to 10 meters from the grating to a projection screen it is possible to clearly see the diffraction pattern caused by this large spacing grating. This device provides students with a clearly visible example of an operating optical grating.

3244.00 Grating model, 4 kits

3244.00

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He-Ne laser The laser emits light with a wavelength of 632.8 nanometres. The emitted light is coherent, i.e. wave fronts propagate in the same phase over a large distance compared with ordinary light sources. The emitted light is highly directional and the beam diameter at the laser is about 0.5 mm increasing very gradually at increasing distances from the laser. The light emitted is not uniformly polarized but changes its polarization at random around the direction of propagation. Light from the laser is ideal for demonstrations of optical interference. If a line grating is placed in the laser beam, the interference pattern will be clearly visible on a projection screen. The laser can be used for a wide range of applications in optics, communication etc.

2885.00 He-Ne Laser, max. 1 mW2885.10 He-Ne Laser, max. 2 mW

He-Ne laser, modulatedLike 2885.00 but with the option of amplitude modulating the light. The laser is provided with a BNC connector for connec-tion to a function generator, CD-player or similar signal source. Photodetector 4895.50 is a perfect match for demonstration of optical communication.Maximum modulation frequency: 1 MHz

2885.20 He-Ne laser, modulated, max. 1 mW

Laser objectiveNeeded when the laser beam is too narrow. Together with e.g. an F = 100 mm lens this convex lens is useful for illumination of a larger area of a diffraction grating or a slide with slits. The objective is supplied with a threaded adapter for mounting to the laser’s optics adapter.


Laser pointersEasy to use pencil sized diode laser pointers. Runs on bat-teries. Can be used in interference experiments as well as in geometrical optics. Optical power is less than 1 mW (class II)

1420.70 Laser pointer, red (670 nm)1420.80 Laser pointer, green (532 nm)1420.95 Laser pointer, violet (405 nm)

2885.00

2885.20

1420.70-80-95

0768.86

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Photodetector The photodetector is provided with a photo diode which gives off an electrical signal proportional with the light intensity. The signal can be applied to the built in loudspeaker or be used for measurements via the AC and DC output connections. The photodetector can be used for demonstrating communication over a laser beam, fibre optic communication, plotting of inter-ference patterns, etc. The maximum frequency is 1 MHz.

4895.50 Photodetector

Fibre optics SetFor demonstration of optical communication with laser and photodetector. Comprises items 2887.00, 2886.10 and 4885.51 described below.

2886.50 Fibre optics Set

Optical fibreThis flexible optical fibre guides light rays along curved paths from one place to another. It can be readily cut to the desired length. It can be used in electronics, models, data transfer projects, etc. The external diameter of the fibre with protective covering is 2.2 mm, while the optical fibre itself is 1 mm in diameter.

2887.00 Optical fibre, per meter

Optical fibre holderThis threaded adapter has a centring hole and is designed for optical fibre item no. 2887.00. The cable is secured and centred by means of an O-ring.

2886.10 Optical fibre holder

Holder for optical fibre for photo detectorFits the photo detector 4885.50 and the optical fibre 2887.00

4885.51 Holder for optical fibre for photo detector

Laser diffraction kit This kit comprises 18 slides which allow performance and de-monstration of e.g. Fraunhofer Diffraction, Fresnel Diffraction, a number of other diffraction experiments.

– Six slides with 1 to 6 slits. Width 0.06 mm, distance 0.20 mm

– Slide with holes, Diameters 0.3 – 0.4 – 0.6 – 1.0 mm– Three slides with coarse gratings– Two slides with fine diffraction gratings (80 and 300 lines per millimetre)– Slide with a fine metal gauze (300 mesh)– Slide with a tapered single slit– Slide with a tapered double slit– Two slides with polarizing filters– Slide with a transmission hologram

The slides are labelled and come in a storage box complete with an inventory list and brief experiment notes.

3272.00 Laser Diffraction kit

4895.50

2887.00

2886.104885.51

3272.00

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Ultraviolet radiation

UVA lamp This UVA lamp emits both spectral light (4 lines from the mercury spectrum) and a band of UV light in the range from 350 nm to 400 nm. The UV lamp is supplied with an ordinary power plug (for direct connection to mains power). Dimensions: 190 x 75 x 75 mm. 2871.00 UVA lamp

Zinc sulphide screenThis phosphorescent screen will exhibit light emission some time after is has been illu-minated by ultraviolet light. The screen can

thus be used to confirm that UV light is present in a light source. Can be used with UV accessory kit 2872.10, UV lamp 2871.00 and UV Probe 2872.00. Screen size: 110 x 105 mm. Mounted in a holder with a Ø 10 mm stainless steel rod. (Stand base is not provided.)

3075.00 Zinc sulphide screen

Fluorescent plateThis plate exhibits fluorescence when exposed to ultraviolet light. In contrast to phosphorescent ma-terials where visible light emission persists some time after exposure to the UV, fluorescent ma-terials re-emit visible light only during exposure. It can be used to demonstrate this phenomenon and to show how some ma-terials e.g. UV film in Accessory Kit 2872.10 filter out UV light. Size: 70 x 95 mm.3076.00 Fluorescent plate

Phosphorescent plateLike 3075.00 but measures 70 x 95 mm. Unmounted.

3075.10 Phosphorescent plate

UVA-accessoriesUVA accessories consisting of standard glass plate, fluore-scent plate, phosphorescent plate, UVA filter, UVA plastic film and normal plastic film.

2872.10 UVA-accessories

Polarizing filtersUnmounted. Dimensions 50 x 50 mm. Pair.

3270.00 Polarizing filters

Polarizing filterSheet of unmounted polarizing filter, A4. Can be cut with scissors.

3270.11 Polarizing filter

The polarizing filters are supplied with a protective film on both sides. Remove before use.

3075.00

3076.00

2872.10

3075.10

3270.00

3270.11

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Apparatus for the study of light energyUsed to determine the energy efficiency of an incandescent lamp. Apart from the lamp, the container contains a resistor (with the same resistance as the lamp). The container is filled with water and the amount of energy that is converted into heat is calculated from the temperature incre-ase of the system. The part of the electric energy that doesn’t heat the water must have radiated away from the system.Dimensions: Height 120 mm, diameter 70 mm.

3207.00 Apparatus for light energy

1888.20

Lux meter YF 1065This digital lux meter is a robust and handy item provided with a separate safe-sealed photodetector for maximum stability. The photodetector has good spatial response and will thus respond to illumination from all directions.

An analog output signal is provided for connection a data logger. This is usful when experimenting e.g. with photosynthesis.Supplied complete with a battery and a convenient carrying case.

Measuring ranges: 0-200 lux, 0-2000 lux, 0-20000 lux.The angular response follows the cosine response with the following deviations: 30°: < ±2%. 60°: < ±7%. 80°: < ±5%. Provided with a “hold” function for convenient measurement.Analog output: Jack connections (4 mm).Size, instrument: 119 x 64 x 26 mm.Photodetector: 125 x 66 x 36 mm.

1888.20 Lux meter YF 1065

3207.00

3207.00

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Mechanics

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60 • Mechanics

Passion for Science

StaticsLeverFor experiments with the lever principle and torque. Made of nickel-plated brass and equipped with 30 holes numbered from the middle for suspension of weights.

1905.00 Lever

Handle with pinFor suspension of no. 1905.00 and 1900.00.

1905.10 Handle with pin

Weights with hooksConvenient in many situations where a given vertical force is needed. Specifically useful when used with lever no. 1905.00. All weights have mass engraved.

1910.02 200 g1910.05 100 g1910.25 50 g1910.55 20 g1910.75 10 g1910.85 5 g

Weights with hooks – AssortmentTwo of each of weights 5, 10, 20, 50, 100 and 200 g.

1910.90 Weights with hooks - Assortment

Iron weightsCalibrated weights made of galvanized iron. With eye hook and marked with the value of the mass.

0960.10 Mass 500 g, 45 mm0960.20 Mass 1000 g, 60 mm0960.30 Mass 2000 g, 75 mm0960.40 Mass 5000 g, 100 mm

Pulley on steel rodLow friction Ø 47 mm plastic pulley. Mounted on a Ø 10 mm fixing rod, length of rod 200 mm.

2085.00 Pulley on steel rod

Pulley with clampPlastic pulley Ø 47 mm. Supplied with clamp for mounting on e.g. a retort stand rod.

2095.00 Pulley with clamp

1905.001905.10

0960.100960.200960.30

0960.40

2085.00

2095.00

1910.55

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Pulley blocks in linePulley block set comprising 2 in line pulley blocks, each con-sisting of 3 pulleys. Pulley diameters 34, 40, and 47 mm. Length: 175 mm. Stand material not included.

2106.40 Pulley blocks in line

Pulley blockSet consists of 2 blocks with 3 pulleys Ø 40 mm. Stand material not included.

2106.30 Pulley block

FrictionFriction blockThis wooden block with a square cross section has surfaces with rubber, felt, sandpaper and wood. Provided with a hook at one end. Size: 60 x 60 x 300 mm.

1925.00 Friction block

Inclined planeInclined plane 1000 mm x 150 mm made of aluminium. A hol-der for dynamometer (item no. 1038.00 -.80) is provided at one end. This plane can be used for experiments in both statics and dynamics as well as for investigating friction.

1938.10 Inclined plane

Friction block, areaThis item is for experiments with friction versus contact area. Two different areas can be used with the same mass. Provided with a hook at one end. Size: 300 x 50 x 26 mm.

1925.10 Friction block, area

2106.40 2106.30

1925.00

1925.10

1945.00

1938.10

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Linear Air TrackUnique quality and superiour design.Because of the extremely low friction your results will be up to 25% better compared to similar systems based on trolleys.

Air trackThe ideal equipment for experiments with uniform motion, constant acceleration, Newton’s second law, conservation laws, elastic and inelastic collisions. The air track is made from a large square aluminium extrusion in conjunction with a supporting “U” channel. A series of seven screws allow adjustment of the air track to a typical linearity of ± 0.03 mm. The air track rests on three rubber feet, two of which can be height adjusted. Each side of the track has a scale graduated in mm. The overall length of 2 meters provides a working length of 1.9 meters. Two carts and a standard set of accessories are included. The set includes a selection of carefully balanced plug-in parts (a hook for string attachment, bumpers for elastic and inelastic collisions) all weighing 10 g. These are all provided with a 4 mm plug that fits into holes at the end of the carts as well as at the end stops of the track.Two flags of different lengths are provided for timing with the 1975.50 photocell units (photocells are not included). A set of weights are included in order to increase the mass of one of the carts by 50 or 100 %.

Air track, standardStandard version. The complete air track consists of the following parts: Air track 2 m, standard accessories in a plastic box, and two carts.

1950.00 Air Track, standard

Air track, C-profileAs no. 1950.00 but supplied with a “C” profile on the side for fixing photocell unit no. 1975.10.

1950.10 Air Track, C-profile

1950.00

1950.10

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Standard air track accessoriesNumbers in [square brackets] indicate the number of each item included in 1950.00, 1950.10 and 1950.02. The items can also be ordered individually using the part numbers below.

Bumper fork with rubber band [3]For use with 1955.10 for elastic collisions. Also used with firing mechanism 1952.00. Mass: 10 g.

1955.00 Bumper fork with plug

Bumper plate [3]For elastic collisions. Used with 1955.00. Mass: 10 g.

1955.10 Bumper plate with plug

Needle [1]Used with 1955.30 for inelastic collisions. Mass: 10 g.

1955.20 Needle with plug

Tube with wax [1]Used with 1955.20 for inelastic collisions.

1955.30 Tube with wax and plug

Holder with hook [1]Used as pulling hook for acceleration experiments. Mass: 10 g.

1955.40 Holder with hook and plug

Flag 25 mm [2]Used with 1975.50 Photocell unit for time measurements. Mass: 5 g.

1955.60 Flag with plug, 25 mm

Flag 100 mm [1]Used with 1975.50 Photocell unit for time measurements. Mass: 10 g.

1955.50 Flag with plug, 100 mm

Weight for cart [4]Additional weight for air track cart 1960.00. Mass: 50 g.

1960.10 Weight for air track

Pulley [1]Low friction ball bearing pulley. Used for acceleration experi-ments. Mass: 13 g.

1965.00 Pulley with plug

Standard air track accessory setAs described above and supplied in a plastic box with lid. Carts for Air Track are not included.

1950.02 Standard air track accessory set

Cart for air trackMade of black lacquered aluminium. Supplied with mounting holes for accessories. Length: 125 mm. Mass: 170 g.

1960.00 Cart for air track

1960.10

1955.20

1955.10

1965.00

1955.00

1955.30

1955.40

1955.50

1955.60

1950.02

1960.00

64 • Mechanics

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Air track accessories

Flag for side mountingFlag for mounting on the side of the air track cart. Used with special side mounted photocell units (1975.15) on a 1950.10 air track. Supplied with a compensation weight to be placed on the opposite side of the cart. Total mass: 10 g. Width: 30 mm.

1955.85 Flag for side mounting

Flag with notch for side mountingFor old electronic counters type 2001.00 or earlier. Flag for mounting on the side of the air track cart. Used with the special side mounted photocell units (1975.15) on a 1950.10 air track. Supplied with a compensation weight to be placed on the opposite side of the cart. Total mass: 10 g. Measurement length 20 mm.

1955.80 Flag with notch for side mounting

Flag with notch and plugFor old electronic counters type 2001.00 or earlier. Supplied with a notch for actuating start/stop of the counter by means of photocell units. Starts and stops the counter on the high to low transition. Measurement length: 25 mm.

1955.70 Flag with notch and plug

Slotted weights for air trackUsed with a pulley for accelerating an air track cart. The holder weighs 2 g, and the following weights are included: 1 g (2 ea.), 2 g, 5 g, 10 g. Combinations from 2 g to 21 g in increments of 1 g are possible.

1963.00 Slotted weights for air track

1955.801955.85

1955.70 1963.00

Mechanics • 65

Passion for Science

Electric launcherThe electric launcher – together with one 1955.00 from the standard accessory set – allows you to launch the cart with reproducible initial speed. The tension of the rubber band controls the speed. Without the 1955.00, the cart can be re-leased with initial velocity 0 m/s.Typically used with a 1985.00 switchbox which also provides a start pulse for a timer.Two carts can be launched simultaneously by coupling two electric launchers to the same switchbox.The set consists of:– Iron core 20 x 20 x 51 mm with mounting screw (1964.00)– Coil with 400 windings (4625.20)– Anchor with plug connector (1955.90)

1952.00 Electric launcher

Switch boxWhen the switch box is operated, it cuts the current to the “Coil” output while simultaneously sending a signal to a 2002.60 student timer or 2002.50 electronic counter. Used with 1952.00 electric launcher and an 8 V DC supply.

1985.10 Switch box

Photocell unitThe unit is suitable for measuring time intervals e.g. for experiments on an air track, pendulum period, period of rotation, etc. The unit consists of a photocell illuminated by a light emitting diode via a one millimetre aperture. Two LED indicators are provided. Red: The unit is powered. Green: Light reaches the receiver.The photocell unit is provided with two 6 pole DIN connec-tors for connection to the electronic counter no. 2002.50 or 2002.60 and for daisy chain connection to additional photo-cell units, when signals are to be sent to the same input con-nection on the counter. Connector cable is included. The unit has a rugged plastic housing with threads for horizontal or vertical mounting using the 10 mm mounting rod provided. Gap width: 90 mm. Dimensions: 160 x 120 x 28 mm.

1975.50 Photocell unit incl. cable and mounting rod

Photocell unit for 1950.10Used for timing on the 1950.10 air track together with a flag for side mounting (1955.85 or 1995.50). The unit can only be used with the 1950.10 air track – not with 1950.00. Position on the air track is easily read thanks to the indicator. The unit is secured with a finger screw. Compatible with our timers and counters (2002.60 and 2002.50).

1975.15 Photocell unit for 1950.10

1985.10

1975.50

1952.00

1975.15

66 • Mechanics

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Air switchTo be placed between air hose and air track in order to switch off the air supply.

1967.00 Air switch

Adjustable end stopMade of anodized aluminium with a 4 mm hole for plug-in units.

1968.00 Adjustable end stop

Protective cover for air trackDust cover of soft plastic with lead band.

1969.00 Protective cover

Coupled harmonic oscillatorsYou can link up to five air track carts together for the study of coupled harmonic oscillators, or you can use a single cart with one or more springs for a detailed, quantitative study of simple harmonic motion.Additionally you can use a 2185.00 electromechanical vibrator and a 2502.50 function generator in order to drive the coupled oscillators at a controlled frequency.The set consist of the following parts: 1969.00 Cart for air track 3 ea. (2 ea. supplied with the air track) 1960.10 Weight for cart 6 ea.2155.20 Spring connectors 6 ea.

Air blowerExtremely quiet air blower with continuously adjustable speed. The air blower is designed specially for operation of the air tracks 1950.00 and 1950.10. Complete with 1.7 m hose. Mains supply: 220-240 V AC. Dimensions: 280 x 250 x 210 mm.

1970.60 Air blower

Electronic counterThis timer/counter is ideal for experiments with the air track. Special settings for simple start/stop, acceleration, collision, etc.The timer/counter can be used with all our photocell units, 2485.10 microphone, 1980.10 free fall apparatus and much more.See complete specifications on page 7.

2002.50 Electronic counter

1967.00

1968.00

1969.00

2155.201960.10

1970.60

2002.50

Mechanics • 67

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Conservation of momentum

Curved ball trackUsed for two dimensional collision experiments. A simple but dependable apparatus for demonstrating elastic and inelastic collisions in two dimensions. The impact points of the ball on the floor are recorded with carbon paper. Because the fall time to the floor is constant and easily computed, horizontal distances can be converted into velocities, permitting the momentums to be computed. The set consists of a curved ball track with mounting hardware, two 12 mm steel balls, one 12 mm glass ball and a hollow 25 mm wooden ball. A weight and plumb line are also supplied.

1992.20 Curved ball track

Required accessories:

1992.10 Carbon paper, 100 pcs. A4

Steel ballsThese balls are used for experiments involving motion and energy.

1997.10 Diameter 40 mm1997.20 Diameter 28 mm1997.30 Diameter 25 mm1997.40 Diameter 20 mm1997.50 Diameter 18 mm1997.60 Diameter 16 mm1997.70 Diameter 12 mm1997.80 Diameter 10 mm1997.85 Diameter 6 mm1997.90 Diameter 3.2 mm, 200 pcs.

Collision apparatusThe apparatus is excellent for illustrating conservation of momentum and kinetic energy in collisions. The collision apparatus is supplied with 5 ea. Ø 25.4 mm nickel coated steel balls suspended by double strings in a robust wooden frame. Length: 227 mmWidth: 183 mmHeight: 222 mm

2115.10 Collision apparatus

1992.20

1997.30

1997.10-85

2115.10

68 • Mechanics

Passion for Science

Free fallFree-fall tubeFor demonstrating that all bodies fall with the same speed in a vacuum.Consists of an acrylic plastic tube Ø 30 x 900 mm, stopper with valve, magnet, steel ball and paper disc.

1977.00 Free-fall tube

Falling bodies apparatusDemonstrates how the vertical free fall is independent of any horizontal component of velocity.Place one ball on each end of the swing arm and push the trig-ger. One ball is dropped and the other is launched horizontally, the simultaneous “click” as both balls hit the floor at the same time proves the point. Supplied with two Ø 19 mm balls in a storage pocket. Dimensions: L 180 mm, W 170 mm, H 50 mm.

1990.00 Falling bodies apparatus

Free fall apparatusThis equipment is used in free fall experiments, showing the in-dependence of the mass of the falling object, testing the equa-tions of motion. Even the situation where aerodynamic drag is no longer negligible can be covered.The free fall apparatus works with the 2002.50 electronic counter or the 2002.60 student timer. Connections are done with standard 4 mm safety connector.The release mechanism at the top sends a start pulse to the timer when the ball is released, and a stop pulse is generated when the ball hits the contact plate at the bottom. No external power supply is needed – no risk of overheated coils. Four gold-plated steel balls and a ping-pong ball with metal thumb tacks are provided. Also included is a mirror to minimize parallax errors. Cables and stand not included.

1980.10 Free fall apparatus

1977.00

1990.00

1980.10

Mechanics • 69

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Carbon paper discsFor ticker tape timer 2005.00. Package of 50 ea. Diameter 64 mm.

2005.30 Carbon paper discs

Ticker tape for timer18 mm wide tape for timer 2005.00, 360 g roll.

2005.20 Ticker tape

Timer tape holderHolder for timer tape 2005.20. Made of black plastic with ball bearings and a 10 mm diameter mounting rod and bracket of stainless steel.

2005.80 Timer tape holder

2005.50

2005.60

2005.30

2005.20

2005.80

2005.70

2005.00

Ticker tape timerFor measuring elapsed time of linear motion. The timer comprises an AC coil acting on a spring suspended marker plate which in conjunction with a spring loaded ball makes dots on the ticker tape with the time interval 0.01 sec. Ø 64 mm carbon paper discs are used for marking. The top plate with the AC coil is hinged to the steel body and locked by means of a magnet.

2005.00 Ticker tape timer

Rod with mounting bracketAppropriate for mounting of timer 2005.00 as shown in the photo on the right. Bracket with enamel finish and a Ø 10 mm stainless steel rod. Total length: 230 mm.

2005.70 Rod with mounting bracket

70 • Mechanics

Passion for Science

Oscillating motion

Prytz’ oscillatorThe apparatus is used to demonstrate Hooke’s law and to study the harmonic motion of a linear oscillator. By the use of a double spring, energy loss due to rotational motion is avoided. The scale is provided with a mirror to help eliminate parallax errors when making readings. Four weights are included: 10, 20 50 and 100 g which can be combined with one of three different sets of springs. The device is mounted on a standard Ø 10 mm retort stand (not included).

2180.00 Prytz’ oscillator

Recommended for use with 2180.00 and 2182.10:

0006.00 Retort stand base0008.40 Retort stand rod

For 2182.10 you may also need:

0023.10 Universal boss head0027.00 Suspension hook

Mathematical pendulumAn ideal mathematical pendulum consists of a point mass, suspended in e mass-less, inelastic cord. In this case, the pendulum’s period is determined by its length and the local gravitational acceleration.This device is a fairly good approximation to the ideal. The apparatus consists of two lens-shaped weights of different material but with the same physical dimensions, so that they have different masses but the same air resistance profile. Also supplied is a rod with hooks for two-point suspension and a pendulum cord.

2182.10 Mathematical pendulum

2180.00

2182.10

Mechanics • 71

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Steel ball with eyeletSuited for use as a pendulum bob. Made of polished, harde-ned steel with an aluminium eyelet.

2160.00 Steel ball with eyelet, Ø 28 mm, 96 g2160.10 Steel ball with eyelet, Ø 20 mm, 33 g

Pendulum bobWeights for experiments with pendulum oscillations, deter-minations of periods and frequencies of oscillation, energy conservation experiments, etc. Dimensions: 18 mm diameter, overall length 43 mm. The weight can be supplied in brass or aluminum with the same physical dimensions but with different masses.

2165.00 Pendulum bob, brass2165.10 Pendulum bob, aluminum

TILFØJ 218100

Slotted weights with holderThe weights are manufactured of brass with engraved mass and a centre hole which prevents the weights from falling off the holder. The set contains 1 ea. 50 g, 9 ea. 20 g, 1 ea 10. g and 2 ea. 5 g

2177.10 Slotted weights with holder

Coil springsProduct no. Diameter Length Spring contant

2155.10 11 mm 32 mm ca. 8.4 N/m2155.20 11 mm 74 mm ca. 3.2 N/m2155.30 11 mm 115 mm ca. 2.1 N/m2155.40 31 mm 33 mm ca. 5.0 N/m2155.50 27 mm 155 mm ca. 4.7 N/m

Set of 5 springs with hookSet of five springs of equal length but with various spring constant. With eyelet, position indicator and hook.

2155.80 Set of 5 springs with hook

2160.00

2165.00

2160.10

2177.10

2155.80

2155.40

2155.50 2155.10-.30

72 • Mechanics

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RotationMotor / generatorThis is a universal low voltage motor which also works as a generator. The dual functionality of this device makes it an obvious choice for introducing the concepts of conversion of energy from electric to mechanical form and vice versa. Also useful for operating units such as strobe discs, colour discs, and more. Provided with a sturdy DC motor with a permanent magnet stator. A two step drive belt shaft is supplied along with a cy-lindrical winding axle with diameters of 8 and 12 mm. Supplied with a Ø 10 x 35 mm mounting rod. Total length: 225 mm Width: 40 mmHeight: 40 mm Operating voltage range 0-12 V DC Rotational speed 0-4800 rpm

2025.00 Motor/generator

Drive belt setFour different flexible, black synthetic rubber drive belts. Belt lengths: 240, 289 and 780 mm. The drive belts are oil resistant.

2037.00 Drive belt set, 4 different belts

Uniform circular motionGear motorA strong, stable motor for low RPMs. The motor is provided with the same universal spindle and pulley as 2025.00 but with its 21:1 gear ratio and a rated speed of 80 RPM it is superior for experiments where a slow, steady rotation is needed.

2025.50 Gear motor

Conical pendulumThe conical pendulum is a classic example of uniform circular motion. The Frederiksen version makes precision measurements easier to perform – without the usual risks of having your eye in the plan of the rotation of the bob. Excellent for teaching topics like circular motion, centripetal force, combination of forces and more.The conical pendulum is used with the 2025.50 gear motor. It mounts directly on the thread of the gear motor’s spindle.

The equipment comprises:• Centre mount and dial with ball bearing• Three different lengths of strong, inelastic thread with hooks• Aluminium bob with centre of mass marking(Gear motor 2025.50 and stand material is not included.)

2070.10 Conical pendulum for 2025.50

2025.00

2037.00

5010.00

2025.50

2070.10

2025.50

Mechanics • 73

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Prandtl’s rotating discFor demonstrating the conservation of angular momentum. A 480 mm diameter metal disc with ball-bearing axle on base with levelling screws and supporting stool.Height 150 mm. Weight: 9.5 kg.

2135.00 Prandtl’s rotating disc

Bicycle wheel gyroSuitable for demonstrating the conservation of angular mom-entum, used with a rotating stool or disc. A Ø 500 mm wheel with plastic lined rim, axle and 2 handles. Supplied with pulley and 1.5 m nylon cord.

2136.00 Bicycle wheel gyro

Double cone with rampIn contrast to what you expect, the double cone appears to roll uphill when placed at the bottom of the ramp. But is this also the case? Stimulate your students’ curiosity with this simple, classical paradox - and try it with your colleagues in the tea-chers’ lounge!

1920.10 Double cone with ramp

2070.00

2135.00

2136.00

1920.10

74 • Mechanics

Passion for Science

Stroboscope discMade of black-lacquered plastic with 1 aperture. For use with e.g. motor 2025.00 and a suitable lamp (e.g. our 2800.50 Experimental lamp). Diameter 170 mm, hole diameter 8 mm.

2020.00 Stroboscope disc

Stroboscope discAs 2020.00 but with 12 apertures.

2020.10 Stroboscope disc

StroboscopeA versatile instrument employing a high intensity xenon flash tube which gives a brilliant white light, particularly suitable for photographic purposes. With the stroboscope and a camera, free fall, projectile trajec-tories etc. can be analysed.Harmonic motion like standing waves on a string can be “fro-zen” or made to move in slow motion.Another standard application of the stroboscope is deter-mining rotational speeds.The flash rate can be regulated from 1 to 300 flashes per second corresponding to 60 to 18,000 rpm. Digital reading with switch for impulses per second, rpm. and external triggering. Input terminals for external triggering and output terminals for internal trigger signal.Mains power supply: 220 V AC/50-60 Hz. Equipped with a threaded hole in the bottom that fits standard photo tripods.Dimensions: (W x H x D) 180 x 240 x 120 mm

2015.60 Stroboscope

2020.00

2020.102020.10

2015.60

Electricity

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76 • Electricity

Passion for Science

Power Supplies

Power supply 0-24 V AC/DCThis power supply features continuous regulation from 0-24 V AC and DC. It can be connected to separate loads to the DC and the AC connections, and the voltages can be set separa-tely. It also permits simultaneous digital readout of both the AC and DC voltages and currents.The power supply has continuous regulation of DC current in the entire current range, and a fixed AC current limiter is provi-ded. It is electronically protected against overloads. LED indicators in both the DC and AC ranges indicate whether or not the current supplied has reached the upper limit, in which case the built-in current regulation will reduce the out-put voltage.The switch mode design enhances the dependability and life-time of the power supply due to lower operating temperatures for all circuit components. The supply also boasts low weight compared with traditional power supply solutions.This is a user-friendly power supply with a large capacity. The simple and logically arranged control panel reduces the pos-sibility of incorrect use. The unit is sturdy and compact. It can operate hour after hour at maximum rated current capacity without overheating

– Powerful, stabilised DC section with adjustable current limiter

- Synthesized AC output, isolated from mains noise and distortion

- Simultaneous readout of voltages and currents for AC and DC

- Weighs only 2.5 kg

- High efficiency – low temperature

- No fan – no noise

Specifications

DC– Voltage: 0-24 V DC smoothed, stabilized and continuously adjustable– Noise and ripple: Less than 25 mV– Current: Up to 10 A

AC– Voltage: 0-24 V AC continuously adjustable– Current: Max. 6 A– Frequency: The same as the line voltage (50-60Hz) Common– Electronically protected against overloading– Line voltage: 230 V AC– Size: 297 x 225 x 118 mm– Weight: 2.5 kg

3640.00 Power supply 0-24 V AC/DC

Power supply 0-24 V AC/DCSimilar to 3640.00 but the current limiter is operated through a hole in the front using a screw driver.

3640.10 Power supply 0-24 V AC/DC w/o lim. button

3640.10

3640.00

Electricity • 77

Passion for Science

3655.75-80

0-500 V stabilized DC power supply, 50 mAThe perfect choice for experiments with e.g. electron beam tubes requiring voltages up to 500 V at a low current level. The unit also provides a continuously variable output of 0 to -50 V DC. Voltage and current can be read from separate displays allowing the user to monitor either of the two ranges 0 to +500 V or 0 to -50 V. The power supply has a separate outlet for filament heating, offering six fixed AC voltages. All outputs are equipped with automatic thermal cutoff for overload protection.


DCVoltages: -50 V / 0 / +500 V continuously variableCurrent: Max. 50 mA.Ripple: Less than 0.1%.

ACVoltage: 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 or 7 VCurrent: Max. 3ASupply: 230 V AC, 50 HzSize: 297 x 225 x 118 mmMass: 4.55 kg

3655.75 0-500 V Power supply, 50 mA

0-500 V power supplySimilar to the 3655.60 but limited to max. 2 mA current.

3655.80 0-500 V Power supply, 2 mA

High voltage power supply 0 - 6 kV DCThis power supply is ideal for experiments with electron beam tubes, electrostatics, Millikan’s apparatus and others.- Digital readout of thermal voltage- Safe for students - current limited to 2 mA- HV output floats relative to ground - choose positive or negative potential by shortning the opposite socket to ground- Convenient 6.3 V AC outlet for filament current etc.


DCOutput voltage: 0-6 kV stabillized, continuously adjustableShort ciruit current: 2 mA (Max.)Ripple and noise (max.): Less than 1%Readout accuracy: Better than 1 % + 1 digit

ACOutput voltage: 6.3 V Output current (max.): 3 ASupply: 230 V AC, 50 HzSize: 297 x 225 x 118 mmMass: 4.8 kg

3670.60 High voltage power supply 0 - 6 kW

367060

78 • Electricity

Passion for Science

Power supply• Combined DC and AC supply at competitive price

• Stabilized, continuously adjustable DC: 0 to 12 V

• AC presets: 2, 4, 6 and 12 V

• Currents up to 3 A at both outputs

• Outputs are overload protected

• Quiet operation - no fan

High quality – low priceThe new power supply 3616.00 covers the need for a reliable power supply for numerous experiments.Our goal with this power supply has been a competitive price, yet good quality.The quality is exemplified by the stabilized DC voltage that can be adjusted continuously in the range 0-12V. This output is electronically protected against overload and short circuit.The power supply has 4 different AC voltages. The vast majority of alternating current experiments can be performed at one of these voltages.

SpecificationsDCOutput voltage: 0-12 V (stabilized), continuously adjustableOutput current (max): 3 ARipple and noise (max): 100 mV

ACOutput voltage: 2 - 4 - 6 - 12 V, stepwise adjustableOutput current (max): 3 AMains voltage: 230 V, 50-60 HzPower consumption: 110 W (Max.)Fuse: T 1A (slow) Dimensions (WxDxH): 203 x 205 x 117 mm

3616.00 12 V Power supply

3616.01 12 V Power supply - 115 V

Non-stabilized power supplies

Power supply 24 V AC/DCContinuously variable AC and DC outputs. The DC output is partially smoothed by means of a capacitor. Electronically protected against overloads.Digital readout of both AC and DC voltages.

Technical Specifications

DCVoltage: 0-24 V continuously adjustableCurrent: Max 5 A.Ripple: Max 5 V

ACVoltage: 0-24 V continuously adjustableCurrent: Max. 5 A.Supply: 230 V AC, 50/60 Hz.Size: 185 x 225 x 118 mm.Mass: 6 kg.

3618.70 Power supply 24 V AC/DC

3616.00

3618.70

Electricity • 79

Passion for Science

Power supply 1-12 V AC/DCA straight-forward and sturdy power source.Equipped with automatic thermal cutoff for overload protec-tion. A good (and economical) choice for primary schools, beginners’ student labs for simple experiments with lamps, resistors, etc. Stepwise regulation of both AC and DC at 1 V increments. Readout of both AC and DC voltages by means of a marked scale and a pointer knob.

Technical Specifications

DCVoltage: Full wave rectified. Adjustable 1 - 12 V DC in 1 V incrementsCurrent: Max 6 A

ACVoltage: Adjustable 1 - 12 V AC in 1 V incrementsCurrent: Max 6 ASupply: 230 V AC, 50/60 HzSize: 185 x 225 x 118 mmMass: 2.8 kg

3610.55 Power supply 1-12 V AC/DC

Power supply 2 - 24 V AC/DCLike 3610.50 but with a voltage range from 2 to 24 V in 2 V increments.Max current 5 A AC/DC.

3610.65 Power supply 2 - 24 V AC/DC

DC ACType Voltage Current Ripple Stabilized Adj. Protection Voltage Current Adj. Protection Dim. Weight V A V A V A V mm kg 3610.55 1 – 12 6 100% no 12 steps no thermal* 1 – 12 6 12 steps thermal* 203x225x118 3.1

3610.65 2 – 24 5 100% no 12 steps no thermal* 2 – 24 5 12 steps thermal* 203x225x118 3.3

3618.70 0 – 24 5 <5 V no continuously no thermal* 0 – 24 5 continuously thermal* 259x225x118 6

3616.00 0 – 12 3 <100 mV yes continuously no electronic 2, 4, 6, 12 3 4 steps thermal* 203x223x117 3

3640.00 0 – 24 10/6 <25 mV yes continuously yes electronic 0 – 24 6 continuously electronic 312x225x118 2.5

3655.75 -50-0-+500 50 mA <0.1% yes continuously no electronic 2 – 7 3 6 steps thermal* 312x225x118 4.6

3655.80 -50-0-+500 2 mA <0.1% yes continuously no electronic 2 – 7 3 6 steps thermal* 312x225x118 4.6

3660.50 3K-0–3K 1.8/0.1 mA <0.1% yes continuously no electronic 6.3 3 no fuse 312x225x118 4.8

Thermal* = Automatic thermal circuit breaker, activated in case of overload. Wait approx. 40 s then press the button and continue.

3610.55

3630.22

Power supplies for permanent installationThe following power supplies are designed for permanent in-stallation in cabinets, desks, lecterns or student workplaces. Fixtures and installation instructions are provided.

Power supply 0-24 V AC/DCLike 3630.00 but for cabinet/desk installation

3630.22 Power supply 0-24 V AC/DC for permanent installation

80 • Electricity

Passion for Science

Analog student instrumentsMeasuring instruments for student useThese instruments are rugged with simple, easily read scales. The instruments are electronically protected and can tolerate accidental overloading. Supplied with 4 mm safety connectors.

VoltmeterFor AC and DC measurements.Accuracy ±2% of full scale deflectionOverload protected.With colour coded 4 mm safety terminals.Resistance: 10 kΩ/VRanges: 0-3 V, 0-15 V, 0-30 V, AC or DCDimensions: 173 x 108 x 56 mm

3810.60 Voltmeter

AmmeterFor AC and DC measurements.Accuracy ±2% of full scale deflectionOverload protected up to 15 A on all ranges (momentarily up to 30 A)With colour coded 4 mm safety terminals.Max voltage drop: 0.25 V DC / 0.27 V ACRanges: 0-0.05 A, 0-0.5 A, 0-5 A, AC or DC.Dimensions: 173 x 108 x 56 mm

3810.70 Ammeter

GalvanometerA center zero moving coil galvanometer.A “push-to-read” switch protects the galvanometer during hookup by shunting the current through a resistor.Range: 50 - 0 - 50 µA DC 500 - 0 - 500 µA DC 5 - 0 - 5 mA DCDimensions: 173 x 108 x 56 mm

3810.80 Galvanometer

3810.60

3810.70

3810.80

Electricity • 81

Passion for Science

Demonstration Multimeter

Pressure, pH, temperature, frequency, voltage, current, resistance

Maintaining maximum student interest in a demonstration re-quires student involvement. This demonstration multimeter al-lows students – from anywhere in the class room – to see the instrument readings first hand.

1. Extra large digitsThe bright 45 mm high LED digits can easily be seen from the back of the classroom.

2. Extra large unit symbolsA bright 30 mm LED matrix shows the correct unit for the rea-ding (hPa, V, pH, °C, A, Ω and Hz).

3. Auto-rangingThe measuring range is automatically matched to the measured value.

Shown with 4530.10 gas voltameter and cables (not included).

4. One instrument for chemistry and physicsThis versatile instrument measures not only the usual electro-nic quantities like volts, amps and ohms, but also pressure, pH and temperature.

5. Back facing teacher's displayA secondary display is available on the back of the instrument. Its 14 mm high digits are readable even a few metres away.

6. Computer interfaceA serial interface is available for communication with a PC (eventually through a USB-to-serial adapter). The interface is electrically isolated from the rest of the instrument. For control and data acquisition we recommend the free pro-gram DataLyse (download from datalyse.dk).

3867.70 Demonstration multimeter

3867.70

82 • Electricity

Passion for Science

IM-131410

3868.02

3868.03

3868.04

3868.05

Range Accuracy Input Impedance Comments

Voltage DC 0 mV – 500 V 0.5 % + 1 digit 10 M

Voltage AC 20 mV – 500 V 10 Hz – 1 KHz 1 % + 1 digit 10 M

1 Hz – 2 KHz 2 % + 2 digit

2 Hz – 5 KHz 5 % + 2 digit

5 Hz – 10 KHz 10 % + 2 digit

Current DC 0 – 10 A 0.5 % + 1 digit 10 , 0.1 , 0.01 Fuse: mA: 2 A Fuse, A: warning

Current AC 20 µA – 10 A 10 Hz – 10 KHz 1% + 2 digit 10 , 0.1 , 0.01 Fuse: mA: 2 A Fuse, A: warning

Resistance 0 – 10 M 1 % + 1 digit Measuring current: 10 mA – 3 A

Frequency 0 – 100 kHz 0.5 % + 1 digit 10 M

Temperature -200 °C – 1370 °C 0.1% + 1 digit Probes: NiCr-Ni type K

Pressure 0 – 7000 hPa 0.1% + 1 digit Connector: DIN

pH 0,00 – 14,00 pH 0.1% + 1 digit > 10 G BNC

Accessories for demonstration multimeter

Thermo probes type K (NiCr-Ni)

No Type Dimensions Max Temp. Time constant 3868.01 Immersion probe 150 x Ø 3 mm 1200 ºC 1.3 s3868.05 Air probe 185 x Ø 6 mm 250 ºC 0.5 s2606.53 Thread probe 120 cm long 200 ºC

pH electrode

No Type Dimensions Range Socket 5415.20 Combi electrode 150 x Ø 12 mm 0.0 – 14.0 pH BNC-plug

Pressure sensors

No Range Socket Piping size IM-131410 0 – 130 kPa DIN Ø 6 mm

5415.20

3868.06

Electricity • 83

Passion for Science

Watt and energy meterOur Watt and Energy Meter is a most versatile instrument designed for education. The bright display with its 45 mm high digits is easily read even from the back of the classroom. Apart from measuring true RMS voltage (V) and current (A) the meter is capable of measuring apparent power (VA), phase angle (�), active power (W), energy consumption (Ws, Wh), fre-quency (Hz), and time elapsed (s, h) for energy consumption. The input terminals on the front panel are used for low voltage measurements. Measurements on mains operated equipment use the standard schuko power connector on the rear panel, making this application convenient and safe.The instrument has automatic range selection and the change between front and rear panel sockets also happens automatically.

4075.50 Watt and energy meter

Shown with 3207.00 Apparatus for light energy and cables (not included).

Computer interfaceThe instrument is equipped with a serial interface.The instrument may be controlled by e.g. a terminal program, but we recommend the free PC program DataLyse, download- able from datalyse.dk.

DataloggingA built-in data logger is available. Setting up and reading is done through the interface. An automatic start condition can be set by software as a given time or power level – manual operation is also possible.

84 • Electricity

Passion for Science

Watt meterThis robust, user-friendly instrument is easy for the students to understand. It can measure both AC and DC power. The instrument is overload-protected and will tolerate brief episo-des of incorrect connection and overload. Supplied with 4 mm safety jack connectors and a 4 digit LCD.Power supply: 4 ea. 1.5 V AA batteries or line adapter 3550.10 or 3550.20Measuring range: 0-200 W (max. 30 V and max. 10 A)Size: 158 x 108 x 56 mm

4065.50 Watt meter4065.50

Technical specifications 4075.50:

Range Resolution Accuracy Frequency Input impedance

V (Front Panel) 0 – 240 V DC/AC 0.1 / 1 V ±(2.5% + 1dgt.) 0 – 1000 Hz 1 M Ω

V (Rear Panel) 30 – 240 V AC 1 V ±(2.5 % + 1dgt.) 45 – 65 Hz

A (Front Panel) 0 – 10 A DC/AC 0.01 / 0.1 A ±(2.5 % + 1dgt.) 0 – 1000 Hz 0,047 Ω

A (Rear Panel) 0 – 10 A RMS 0,01 / 0,1 A ±(2.5 % + 1dgt.) 45 – 65 Hz

VA 0 – 2400 VA 0.1 / 1 VA ±(5 % + 1dgt.)

� 0° – ±90° 1° ±(5 % + 2dgts) 3 – 1000 Hz

W 0 – 2400 W 0.1 / 1 W ±(5 % + 1dgt.)

Ws, Wh 0.1 – 9999 Ws, Wh 0.1 / 1 Ws, Wh ±(5 % + 1dgt.)

Time 0.1 – 9999 x 103 s, h 0.1 / 1 s, h ±(0.2 + 1dgt.)

Hz 3 – 1000 Hz

Power adapters

Power Adapter 12V 1.5A – DC plug 2.1mmMains voltage 100-240 V, 50/60 Hz.Presently used with the following: 1770.00, 2002.60, 2211.00, 2211.01, 2874.00, 4060.50, 5136.00, 5138.00 Note: Older versions of these items may use 3550.10 instead – check the plug type (jack or DC)

3550.50 Power Adapter DC plug (for Euro mains)

3550.52 Power Adapter DC plug (Multi mains plug, incl. US, UK etc.)

Power Adapter 12VDC, 300 mA – 3.5 mm jackPresently used with the following items: 2515.60, 4065.50, 5060.00, 5480.00. Note: Older versions of several other items may use this adap-ter – check the plug type (jack or DC)

3550.10 Power Adapter jack plug (for Euro mains)

Power adapter 3-12 V DC, 1.5 A – UniversalThis compact, switch mode mains adapter ensures high ef-ficiency and a minimum of heat dissipation. Delivers up to 1.5 A for all voltages.The voltage tis switchable between: 3, 4.5, 5, 6, 7.5, 9 or 12 V.Supplied with seven different connectors including a USB type A socket. For all connectors, both polarities can be selected.

3550.35 Power adapter 3-12 V DC, 1.5 A – Universal (for Euro mains)

3550.10

3550.50

3550.35

Electricity • 85

Passion for Science

Digital multimeter, model 120A user-friendly and inexpensive multimeter. With only two jack connections the risk of incorrect operation is reduced. The instrument can measure DC voltages and currents, AC voltage and resistance. Diode test, transistor test and battery test features are provided.Supplied complete with test leads, manual, protective cover and battery.

3862.25 Digital multimeter model 120

Digital autoranging multimeter, model 125Measures voltage, current, resistance. It features an analog bar graph and a diode tester with optional sound signal. The “auto power off” feature turns off the power after about 10 minutes. There is a “battery low” indicator.Compared to 3862.25, especially the A and mA ranges are noticed.The instrument is provided with an automatic sound signal in case of incorrect connection to limit the risk of damage. Manual or automatic scale switching is provided along with automatic polarity and over range indicators.Supplied complete with test leads, manual, protective cover and battery.

3862.15 Digital autoranging multimeter

3862.15

3862.25

3862.30

Specifications:

3862.25 3862.15 3862.30

V DC 2/20/200/600 0.32/3,2/32/320/600 0.4/4/40/400/1000Precision (VDC) 1.2 % + 1 digit 1.2 % + 1 digit 0.8 % + 1 digit V AC 200/500 3.2/32/320/600 4/40/400/750 Meas. Cat. Cat.I 600V, cat.II 300V Cat.III 600V Cat.III 1000V, cat.IV 600V mA AC,DC - 0.32/3,2/32/320 0.4/4/40/400 A AC,DC 2 10 4/10 Fuses 2 A 500 mA, 10 A 500 mA, 10 A Ω 200/2k/20k/200k/2M 320/3,2k/32k/320k/3,2M/32M 400/4k/40k/400k/4M/40M F - - 40n/400n/4µ/40µ/100µ Hz - - 10 – 10M Other Diode test. Hfe. Bar graph Temperature

Digital multimeter model 8060Autoranging multimeter with 3 ¾ digit LCD display. This up-to-date instrument offers the usual voltage, current and resistance ranges – plus capacitance and frequency. It can even be used as a thermometer. The precision has been tightened compared to 3862.25 and 3862.15, and the voltage ranges are extended. Supplied with test leads, temperature probe, manual and battery.

3862.30 Digital multimeter model 8060

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Oscilloscope 20 MHzThe classic low cost model is well-suited to use in schools. The technical specifications are as follows:– Double trace with XY-option– Bandwidth 20 MHz– Sensitivity 5 mV/cm to 5 V/cm– Sweep rates 50 ns/cm to 0.5 s/cm– Supplied with BNC connectors– External trigger connection

4000.40 Oscilloscope 20 MHz

Adapter BNC/ double banana plugUse two of these adapters with the oscilloscope to accommodate banana test leads and safety cables.

1110.05 Adapter BNC/double banana plug

Shielded cableLength 115 cm. BNC-plug and safety type banana plug. Impedance 50 Ω.

1100.02 Shielded cable

Safety cablesSafety cables are test cables with 4 mm plugs and a firm shie-lding. Safety cords cannot be plugged into regular sockets or mains outlets. The live parts cannot be touched by hands. Manufactured to IEC 61010. Highly flexible silicone shielded safety cords with copper area 1.5 mm2 max 1000 V / 25 A. Temperature range -60 to +180 °C.

Item no Name Length Colour

1057.10 Safety cord 25 cm black1057.11 Safety cord 25 cm red1057.12 Safety cord 25 cm yellow1057.13 Safety cord 25 cm blue




Alligator clips, safety typeItem. no. Name Colour1090.20 Alligator Clip Black1090.21 Alligator Clip Red

Alligator clipsUnshielded. With 4 mm hole. Fits both standard test cables and safety type test cables. Package with 50 pcs.

1090.00 Alligator Clips

4000.40

1110.05

1057.10-53

1100.02

1090.00

1090.20.20-.21

Electricity • 87

Passion for Science

4130.10

Lamp holders and switches Lamp holder E10 Mounted on a plastic base with two 4 mm safety terminals. Dimensions: 72 x 143 mm.


Lamp holder E10Mounted on a plastic base with four 4 mm safety terminals for series or parallel connection. Dimensions: 72 x 143 mm.


Lamp holders E14/E27 for safety cable Mounted on a 72 x 143 mm plastic base with two 4 mm safety sockets.

4130.00 Lamp holder E274125.00 Lamp holder E14

Lamp holders E14/E27 for mains connectionMounted on a 10 mm diameter rod, supplied with cable and 230 V plug.Stand base is not included (shown with 0004.10).


4120.00

4120.10

4125.00

4130.00

88 • Electricity

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4250xx

4140.00

Push-buttonMounted on a 72 x 112 mm plastic base with two 4 mm safety sockets.

4150.00 Push-button

Contact key, singleThis telegraph key consists of a nickel-plated spring with a knob. Mounted on a 72 x 143 mm plastic base with two 4 mm safety sockets.

4140.00 Contact key, single

Knife switchSingle pole double throw switch. Mounted on a 72 x 143 mm plastic base with three 4 mm safety sockets.

4145.00 Knife switch

Incandescent lampsNo. Voltage Current Socket Units/ package 4250.05 1.5 V 0.09 A E10 104250.10 2.5 V 0.3 A E10 104250.15 3.5 V 0.2 A E10 104250.20 4 V 0.3 A E10 10

4250.25 6 V 0.05 A E10 104250.30 6 V 0.1 A E10 104250.35 6 V 0.5 A E10 104250.40 6 V 1 A E10 10

4250.45 12 V 0.25 A E10 10

4255.20 6 V 5 A E14 14280.00 12 V 15 W festoon 1

4150.00

4145.00

4250.05-25

Electricity • 89

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Mounted components

Battery holder on plateBattery Holder for one ”D”-cell. Mounted on plate, fitted with safety sockets.

3521.10 Battery holder on plate

Power resistorsWire wound resistors mounted on a 72 x 112 mm plastic base with two 4 mm safety sockets.

No. Resistance Power Tolerance

4205.05 1 Ω 50 W 5 %4205.25 5 Ω 50 W 5 %4205.30 10 Ω 50 W 5 %4205.35 51 Ω 9 W 10 %4205.40 100 Ω 9 W 10 %4205.45 150 Ω 9 W 10 %4205.50 1000 Ω 9 W 10 %4205.56 2.2 k Ω 10 W 1 %4205.61 4.7 k Ω 10 W 1 %4205.66 10 k Ω 10 W 1 %

Resistor holderUse this holder to obtain non-standard resistance values by parallel coupling ordinary resistors.Two lines of screw terminals are mounted on a plate and supplied with 4 safety terminals. Size: 72 x 143 mm.

4160.00 Resistor holder on plate

Electrolytic capacitorsUsed in energy conversion experiments to show how energy is stored in a capacitor and to demonstrate that energy stored in a capacitor is proportional to the square of the voltage.

No. Description 4300.70 Capacitor 15.000 µF 25 V

NYT BILLEDE AF 430070

RectifierThis silicon diode is mounted on a plate with safety jack con-nectors. Max. 6A / 600 V AC. Plate size: 72 x 112 mm.

4340.00 Rectifier

3521.10

4205.05-65

4160.00

4300.70

4340.00

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Full wave bridgeThis silicon full wave bridge is mounted on a plate with 4 safety jack connectors. Max. 1.2 A / 60 V AC.Plate size: 72 x 112 mm.

4345.00 Full wave bridge, 1.2 A

Full wave bridge with LEDsUsed for demonstrating the operation of a full wave bridge. Gives a good, intuitive illustration. It consists of a plate with four arrow shaped red LEDs, connected to four safety jack connec-tors. Used with a 1 kΩ load resistor like 4205.50. Can be used with signal generator type 2502.50. By reducing the frequency to a fraction of a Hz, each step in the rectification process can be followed. Max 15 mA / 25 V AC.Plate size: 90 x 90 mm.

4346.00 Full wave bridge with LEDs

4345.00

4346.00

Electricity • 91

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Current direction indicator, 30 VThis current direction indicator has LEDs mounted with op-posite polarities. If the unit is connected to a direct current source, then one of the LEDs will light up and show the direc-tion of the current. If the unit is connected to an alternating cur-rent source, both LEDs will light up. If the unit is moved back and forth the eye can detect that the LEDs light up alternately as the current switches back and forth. The current indicator is supplied with two 8 mm diameter red LEDs mounted in a cabinet with 4 mm safety connectors. Provided with a 10 mm diameter mounting rod. Size: 120 x 120 x 27 mm.Rod length: 93 mm.

4347.20 Current direction indicator, 30 V

Current direction indicator, 300 VLike 4372.20 but for connecting for voltages of up to 300 V.

4347.10 Current direction indicator, 300 V

Material samplesSet of 8 sticks. Used to examine the conductivity of different materials. Made of aluminium, lead, nylon, glass, rubber, iron, copper and brass. Supplied with plastic case with transparent cover. Diameter 5 mm, length 102 mm.

2690.00 Material samples

Resistors for measuring temperature coef-ficientsThese immersible resistors are used to determine the resistan-ce temperature coefficient for various materials. They consist of resistance wire (diameter 0.25 mm) wound on Plexiglas cores with safety jack connectors. The resistance wire is immersed in a non-conductive liquid (e.g. demineralised water, kerosene or mineral oil). By measuring the resistance as a function of temperature the temperature coefficients of the materials can be found. Size 180 mm x 20 mm diameter.The specified resistance values are for 20 °C.

4240.10 Resistor, copper app. 1.8 Ω4240.20 Resistor, constantan app. 46.7 Ω Ω4240.30 Resistor, nickel app. 8.7 Ω

4347.10

4347.20

2690.00

4240.10-30

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Variable resistors

Decade resistance box 0 to 1 MΩThis sturdy decade resistance box has 7 decades.Range: 0 to 999.999 Ω in 0.1 Ω intervalsAccuracy: x 0.1 Ω +/- (5% + 0.04 Ω). x 1 Ω and 10 Ω +/-(2% + 0.04 Ω). x 100 Ω to 100 k Ω +/- (1% + 0.04 Ω).Size: 280 x 85 x 175 mm.

4236.10 Decade Resistance box 1 MΩ / 0.1 Ω

Decade resistance box 0 to 10 MΩThis sturdy decade resistance box has 7 decades.Range: 0 to 9,999,999 Ω at 1 ohm intervalsAccuracy: x 1 Ω and 10 Ω +/- (2% + 0.08 Ω). x 100 Ω ohm to 10 MΩ +/- (1% + 0.08 Ω).Size: 280 x 85 x 175 mm.

4236.00 Decade resistance box 10 MΩ / 1 Ω

RheostatsThis linear variable resistor is cabinet mounted with safety jack connectors. The resistor inside is wound on a stable ceramic core. With three safety jack connections on the cabinet, so the resistor can serve as a variable resistor or as a voltage divider. The resistor can be overloaded 100% for a brief period of time (max. 4 minutes).4220.50 Variable resistor, 0-10 Ω / 4 A4220.60 Variable resistor, 0-33 Ω / 3.1 A4220.70 Variable resistor, 0-100 Ω / 1.8 A4220.80 Variable resistor, 0-330 Ω / 1 A4220.90 Variable resistor, 0-1000 Ω / 0.57 A

4236.00

4236.10

4220.50

4220.60

Electricity • 93

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Stationary terminals

Stationary terminal10 mm dia. rod with terminal screw and two Ø 4 mm mounting holes for 4 mm plugs (both banana and security type). Length 100 mm. Supplied in pairs.

4350.00 Stationary terminal

Stationary terminal, insulated, pairInsulated stationary terminals with Ø10 mm mounting rod. Fitted with an insulated terminal screw. Fits all 4-mm plugs (both banana and security type). Supplied in pairs.

4350.30 Stationary terminal, insulated, pair

Stationary terminal, insulatedInsulated holder for electric cables. Plexiglas insulator on rod with 4 and 4.5 mm mounting holes, socket for security plugs and terminal screw. Length 170 mm.

4350.10 Stationary terminal, insulated

,

Dual stationary terminal, insulatedInsulator on Ø 10 mm rod with two terminal screws. Fits all 4-mm plugs (both banana and security type).Length 200 mm.

4350.20 Dual stationary terminal, insulated

4350.00

4350.30

4350.10

4350.20

94 • Electricity

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Student gas voltameterFor students’ experiments. Embedded platinum electrodes with terminals for 4 mm plugs. The gas is collected in the two miniature test tubes (included).Made of acid-proof plastic.

4530.00 Student gas voltameter

Lid for gas voltameterThis item is used along with the electrolysis container item no. 4530.00 as a hydrogen supply for e.g. fuel cells. The lid is provided with two plastic tubes placed above the platinum electrodes of the electrolysis container.Hydrogen and oxygen can then be supplied to the fuel cell. The lid is provided with a silicone O-ring to ensure a stable and tight connection between the lid and the container.Supplied with 60 cm silicone tubing.

4530.05 Lid for gas voltameter

VoltameterFor studying gas quantities developed through electroly-sis. The apparatus consists of a clear plastic jar with two platinum plate electrodes and 4 mm terminals for security plugs. A movable mm scale is provided to measure the height of the gas surfaces. Supplied with two test tubes to collect the gene-rated gas. Height: 240 mm.

4530.10 Voltameter

Voltaic pileA model of the first galvanic battery – build from modern materials. Copper and zinc discs with an electrolyte in between form the individual elements.

3522.00 Volta’s pile

Consumables for Voltaic pile

3522.01 Zinc discs (10 pcs.)

3522.02 Copper discs (10 pcs.)

3522.03 Porous discs (10 pcs.)

4530.00

3522.00

4530.10

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Electrodes

Plate electrode with slit, angularPlate electrode designed for mounting in stationary terminal 4350.00. Can be used for making simple cells using glass jar 4495.00.Dimension: 37 x 70 mm.

No. Metal Thickness4500.00 Copper 1 mm4500.05 Aluminium 2 mm4500.10 Zink 2 mm4500.20 Lead 2 mm4500.30 Iron 1 mm

Plate electrodePlate electrode designed for mounting in electrode holder 4515.20. Used for voltaic cells. Dimensions: 50 x 87 mm.

Item no. Electrode Thickness4498.00 Copper 1 mm4498.05 Aluminium 2 mm4498.10 Zinc 2 mm4498.20 Lead 2 mm4498.30 Iron 1 mm

Electrodes, roundThese round electrodes 6-7 mm in diameter will fit elec-trode holders 4515.10 and 4515.20 and electrode connector 4513.00. They will also fit a rubber stopper with a 6 mm centre hole.

Item no. Electrode Length

4510.00 Copper 150 mm4510.10 Nickel 150 mm4510.20 Aluminium 150 mm4510.30 Tin 150 mm4510.40 Iron 150 mm4510.50 Carbon app. 200 mm4510.60 Zink 150 mm4510.70 Lead 150 mm

Silver electrodeSilver electrode for experiments concerning the oxidation potential of metals or for building voltaic cells. Rod shaped electrode of dimension 8 x 0.5 x 100 mm.

4500.95 Silver electrode

Copper electrode, copper nailsSquare, massive copper nails with pointsLength: 70 mm. Cross section: 3 x 3 mm. Package of 10 ea.

4517.00 Copper electrode, copper nails

4500.00-30

4498.00-30

4500.95

4510.00-70

4517.00

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Electrode holdersElectrode holder, doubleElectrode holder for two electrodes. Can be used with both round electrodes (4510.xx) and plate electrodes (4498.XX). The electrode holder is designed to be able to rest on the edge of glass jar 4495.00 or on a 250 ml low beaker. Furthermore the electrode holder can be mounted in a retort stand by means of holder 0026.00 (not included). Made of acid proof plastic.

4497.10 Electrode holder, double

Electrode connectorThis electrode connector is suitable for round electrodes up to 7.5 mm in diameter. The holder contact screw has a socket for connecting 4 mm safety jacks. Size: Ø 25 x 12 mm. Made of acid proof plastic.

4513.00 Electrode connector

Electrode holder for round electrodesHolder for round electrodes with a diameter up to 7.5 mm. The holder is designed with a slit, for mounting in stationary terminal 4350.00. The electrode is kept in position by a screw, which also is supplied with a terminal for safety cables, thus acting as a contact. Made of acid proof plastic.Dimension: 65 x 25 x 12 mm.

4515.10 Electrode holder for round electrodes

Glass jarSturdy glass jar for creating simple cells. Dimensions: 80 x 60 x 100 mm (external). Wall thickness: 4-5 mm.

4495.00 Glass jar

0026.00

4497.10

4513.00

4515.10

4495.00

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Electrostatics

Van de Graaff generatorGenerates ultra high voltages for electrostatic experiments. Impressive sparks with a length of up to 100 mm can be ob-tained – but the equipment is still safe to use thanks to the very low output current. Electrons are transferred to the dome by a nonconductive belt which passes two rollers made from different plastics. The design is open to inspection – even the dome is easily dismantled – so the principles behind the device can be stu-died. The belt is driven by either a crank or a variable speed motor. On the top of the dome, a 4 mm socket is provided for accessories. Dust cover and manual included.

Specifications:Diameter of dome: 220 mmCapacitance of dome: 15 pF (approximately)Supply voltage: 230 V ACTotal height: 560 mmBottom plate size: 195 x 195 mm

3700.60 Van de Graaff generator

Conductor sphere on rodSphere for Van de Graaff generator 3700.00. Diameter 100 mm. Mounted on a 410 mm long Ø10 mm rod with a 4 mm safety terminal. (Retort stand base 0006.00 on the photo is not included.)

3705.00 Conductor sphere on rod

Insulated stoolFor use in experiments with static electri-city. The base is covered with laminate and mounted on PVC legs. Legs: Ø 30 x 35 mm. Plate: 305 x 305 x 20 mm.

4435.00 Insulated stool

Electric whirl for van de GraaffA needle with a 4 mm plug fits the socket on top of the dome of the van de Graaff. The rotor balances on the needle tip and sprays electrons from the pointed tips into the surrounding air. The charged air repels the nearby arm of the rotor which starts spinning.

4430.00 Electric whirl for van de Graaff

Discharge tubeNeon filled, for demonstrating electric charge and polarity.The negative electrode lights up with an orange glow.

4285.20 Discharge tube Faraday’s cageUsed to show that an electrical charge resides on the external surface of a conductor and that the net acts as an electric shield.Dimensions: Ø 210 x 320 mm.

4440.00 Faraday’s cage Capacitor Plates – metal netThe electric field between the two plates in a plate capacitor is almost homogeneous. The behaviour of pith balls, metal-lized ping-pong balls etc. is easily observed through the net. With insulated handle and 4 mm socket which accommodates security connectors. Diameter 400 mm. Supplied in pairs.

4445.00 Capacitor Plates - metal net

3700.60

4435.00

4430.00

3705.00

4440.00

4445.00

4285.20

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Materials for generating electrostatic charges by con-tact and friction

4380.00 Perspex rod 250 x 12 mm diametter4380.10 Glass rod 225 x 10 mm diameter4380.20 PVC tube 300 x 16 mm diameter4385.00 Polystyrene 30 x 30 x 250 mm4390.00 Woollen cloth 20 x 20 cm4390.10 Silk cloth 20 x 20 cm4390.21 Rabbit fur 20 x 10 cm app.

Brass rod with insulated handleFor showing that metals can acquire a static charge. The insu-lated handle is required to avoid unintentional discharge. Size: 250 mm x Ø 8 mm. Shaft: 100 x Ø 12 mm insulated shaft.4380.30 Brass rod with insulated handle

Rotation standThis rotating cradle for charged rods makes it possible to de-monstrate repulsion and attraction between electrical charges. Base diameter: 42 mm. Height: 95 mm.

4395.00 Rotating stand with base

Metal plated ping pong ballThe ball can be used to transfer and to study electrical charge. It may be suspended by a thread fixed to the short nylon wire. Diameter: 38 mm.Mass: 2 grams.

4405.00 Metal plated ping pong ball

Metal plated ball on rodThis ball on a rod is used to transfer electrical charge. Ball diameter is 38 mm. Rod diameter: 10 mm Rod length: 130 mm

4415.00 Metal plated ball on rod

Pith ballsThese 12 mm diameter balls of expanded polystyrene is used for demonstration experiments with electrical charge. Supplied in a plastic box with 10 ea.

4400.00 Pith balls

Insulated rod with hookThis rod is used for supporting the pith balls at some distance away from the hand when doing demonstration experiments with electrical charges and fields.

4450.00 Insulated rod with hook

4380.30

4385.00

4405.00

4407.00

4400.00

4450.00

4415.00

4380.10

4390.00 4395.00

4380.20

4380.004390.214390.30

4390.10

Pith ball supportThis support is supplied with a hook for conveniently holding a pair of pith balls connected by a string. Manufactured of nickel-plated brass with a plastic support base. Height: 220 mm. Support base: 100 x 70 mm.

4407.00 Pith ball support

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Faraday ice pailUsed with e.g. electroscope 4410.00 or electrometer 4410.30 to demonstrate that charge is distributed on the outer surface of a hollow metal body. Dimensions: Ø 68 x 77 mm, hole Ø 50 mm.Provided with a 4 mm plug.

4425.00 Faraday ice pail

Conducting sphereUseful for experiments in electrostatics e.g. examining the capacitance of a body. Sphere diameter: 68 mm. Provided with a 4 mm diameter plug for mounting on the insulated rod no. 4410.02.

4428.00 Conducting sphere, 68 mm diameter

Insulated rodUsed for mounting or handling capacitor plates and conducting spheres when doing electrostatics experiments. The rod is provided with a Ø 4 mm hole for 4 mm plugs and a connection sockets for laboratory safety leads.Size: 145 mm x 10 mm diameter.

4410.02 Insulated rod

ElectroscopeFor demonstration of static charges. Available with charging ball plus a set of capacitor plates with insulated rod. Ring dia-meter 150 mm. Diameter of capacitor plates 56 mm.

4410.00 Electroscope

Zinc plateUsed with electroscope 4410.00 for demonstrating the photoelectric effect. If the zinc plate is negatively charged, the excess electrons can be released by illumination from a UV light source (e.g. UV mercury lamp 2865.00). For best results polish the zinc plate surface using fine steel wool before the demonstration.

4410.03 Zinc plate

4425.004428.00

4410.02

4410.00

4410.03

Low cost plate capacitorThis low cost square plate capacitor is manufactured from an aluminium plate with a right angle bend at one end. This edge has a slot to facilitate mounting on high voltage support connectors.Plate size: 220 x 220 mm, area: 484 cm2.

4315.30 Plate capacitor, 22 x 22 cm

4315.30

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Ionization chamberDemonstrate the ionization of air by alpha particles with this ionization chamber in combination with 4410.30 electrometer and an alpha source (like 5100.10)

4410.35 Ionization chamber Plate capacitorUsed with our 4410.30 electrometer and a high voltage sup-ply like 3660.50 to study the properties of plate capacitors. Comprising an anodized aluminium disc 150 mm diameter, mounted on an insulating plastic rod 10 mm diameter, with Ø 4 mm contact holes. To avoid stray capacitances, simply build the capacitor as shown with a stand base (e.g. 0006.00) and dielectrics or spacers (4316.00/4318.00) – purchased separately.

4315.10 Plate capacitor, 15 cm dia.

Dielectric for plate capacitorPVC plates for building plate capacitors with a dielectric. The 6 plates make distances between 2 and 12 mm possible. (Rela-tive permittivity of PVC is around 3 to 4).

4316.00 Dielectric for plate capacitor

Spacers for plate capacitorUse three small stacks of these spacers between the capaci-tor plates when building air capacitors. The spacers are made from the same material as 4316.00 but with negligible area compared to the capacitor plates. Thus identical plate distan-ces can be obtained with air as dielectric.

4316.80 Spacers for plate capacitor

ElectrometerThis instrument measures current in the pico-ampere range and charge down to nano-coulombs.As a pico-ampere meter it may for instance be used in photoelectric effect experiments (determi-nation of Planck’s constant). With the matching ionization chamber, it can show the weak currents which passes through air when alpha radiation makes it slightly conductive. As a nano-coulomb meter it is a most versatile tool for a lot of electrostatic experiments. The charge integration occurs within the instrument at close to zero voltage, virtually eliminating leakage currents. With a Faraday ice pail and a metal plated ball on a rod, a very persuasive

demonstration of electric induction is possible. Another application is determining the capacitance of a plate capacitor with or without a dielectric between the plates.

Full scale ranges: ±5, ±50, ±500 pA. ±5, ±50, ±500 nC.

4410.30 Electrometer

4410.35

4415.00

4425.00

4410.30

4315.20

4316.80

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U-Core with armatureLaminated U-core with armature and clamp screw. Cross-sectional area 20 x 20 mm.

4630.00 U-Core with armature

Armature, laminatedLaminated I-core. Dimensions: 20 x 20 x 83 mm.

4630.10 Armature, laminated

Armature, massiveThis massive I-core is used for demonstrating the increase in power loss when using massive cores instead of laminated types. When the massive core is used it becomes warmer than the laminated core. Dimensions: 20 x 20 x 83 mm.

4630.20 Armature, massive

Cardboard square for coilThis cardboard square has cut-outs for coils 4625.10-27. Used for demonstrating the magnetic field around a coil using iron filings.

4552.00 Cardboard square for coil

Transformer set, studentCoils for the student transformer. Made of coloured plastic with 4 mm safety jack connectors. The coil is provided with a transparent polyester foil with an effective voltage insulation up to 4500 V to reduce the risk of electric shock. Hole size: 20.5 x 20.5 mm.

No. Description Number of Windings Max. current Resistance Thread diameter

4625.10 Coil, blue 200 2 A 0.7 Ω 0.9 mm4625.20 Coil, yellow 400 1 A 2.3 Ω 0.65 mm4625.22 Coil, grey 600 0.75 A 4.3 Ω 0.56 mm4625.25 Coil, grey 800 0.5 A 9.5 Ω 0.45 mm4625.30 Coil, red 1600 0.25 A 33.3 Ω 0.34 mm4625.40 Coil, grey 3200 0.125 A 146 Ω 0.22 mm4625.17 Coil, grey 200/400 1 A 2.3 Ω 0.65 mm4625.27 Coil, grey 300/600 0.75 A 4.3 Ω 0.56 mm

4625.10-40

4630.00

4630.104630.20

4552.00

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E-Core with armatureLaminated E-core with armature. Suitable for the construction of a three-phase transformerCross-sectional area 20 x 20 mm.

4635.00 E-Core with armature

Galvanometer insertUsed to build a simple galvanometer for showing induction of current. The insert consists of a permanent magnet with an indicator needle suspended in a knife edge bearing. The unit is provided with a scale with zero in the middle. Appropriate for use with coils 4625.10-.40.

4640.00 Galvanometer insert

InductionLenz’s lawDemonstration of magnetic braking When a strong magnet rolls down the aluminium U-profile, the changing magnetic field will induce an eddy current in the U-profile. According to Lenz’s law, this current will generate a new magnetic field opposing the changes in the original field. The motion will be slowed down dramatically.Delivered with two neodymium magnets and two non-magnetic dummies of stainless steel.

4602.20 Lenz’s law

4635.00

4640.00

4602.20

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DC generator/motor model, setThis set demonstrates the basics of a DC or single phase AC generator. It also functions as a DC motor.

4760.00 DC generator/motor model, set Comprises

4708.00 Coil holder with commutator 14625.20 Coil, 400 windings *) 1 4630.10 Laminated iron core 14708.20 Contact springs 22946.35 Profile track 12946.10 Sliding saddle 44708.10 Magnet support 23305.10 Bar magnets, AlNiCo 1 set4708.30 Manual drive pulley 12037.00 Drive Belts, 4 different 1 set

*) For experiments with other winding numbers, you may also want to acquire one of 4625.10, 4625.25 and/or 4625.30.

Motor and generator models These models are well known among our customers, but have not been available as sets before. Now all the necessary parts are conveniently combined into one part number per set. The parts may also be purchased individually like before – see the following pages.(Note: Cables, power supplies and measurement or data logging equipment is not included.)The models are open for inspection and investigation by the student. As they are built mostly from standard parts they inspire the students to further experiments.

4760.00

4760.00

4120.00

104 • Electricity

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4760.60

4760.50

Three phase generator model, setStudents will easily grasp the concept of three phase electri-city when they work with this simple generator setup. To show the phase difference between the induced voltages, hook up two of the coils at a time to an oscilloscope – or even better: Use data logging to graph all three phases in one diagram.

If you have a three phase power supply (3665.55) you can ex-tend this generator set with accessory set 4760.60 in order to demonstrate three phase motors.

4760.50 Three phase generator model, setComprises:

4735.00 Coil support, three phase 13320.10 Cylindrical magnet with bearing 14625.20 Coil, 400 windings 34630.10 Armature, laminated 32946.35 Profile track 12946.10 Sliding saddle 22025.00 Motor/generator 12037.00 Drive Belts, 4 different 1 set

Three phase motor accessory setThis set is an extension to 4760.50 and allows you to demon-strate synchronous and asynchronous motors.The following items must be purchased separately: 4760.50 Three phase generator model, set; 3665.55 Three phase po-wer supply.

4760.60 Three phase motor accessory set Comprises:

4755.10 Needle on a rod 14750.10 Aluminium Ring with bearing 14750.20 Cage Armature for 3-phase motor 1

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Parts for motor and generator models

Coil holder with commutator and collectorThis item is used to build up the rotor of the motor/generator.The cylindrical brass section is divided into three sections. The top and bottom thirds are in constant contact with the coil and are used as collectors in the AC generator. The middle section is the commutator for the DC motor/generator; it reverses the polarity for every half turn.The coil holder is provided with a drive belt pulley.

4708.00 Coil holder with commutator

Commutator contact springTwo of these phosphor bronze contact springs are used in the motor/generator, each mounted on a 4708.10 Magnet support for motor/generator. The contact spring is provided with a 4 mm safety jack connector.

4708.20 Commutator contact spring

Manual drive pulleyThe handle is provided with a 10 mm diameter stainless steel axle which fits the hole in the 2946.10 sliding saddle.

4708.30 Manual drive pulley

Magnet support for motor/generatorTwo of these are used for mounting the stator magnets in the motor/generator construction. It is provided with a Ø 10 mm x 95 mm stainless steel tap. Fits 10 x 10 mm bar magnets no. 3305.10.

4708.10 Magnet support for motor/generator

Profile trackThe profile track is used with one or more sliding saddles no. 2946.10 (not included). Dimensions (L x W x H): 370 x 82 x 26 mm

2946.35 Profile track

Sliding saddle 1 holeThese are designed for convenient mounting of equipment with a maximum 10 mm diameter mounting rod. Provided with a reference line and a wing nut.Size: 35 x 50 x 84 mm

2946.10 Sliding saddle 1 hole

Drive Belts, 4 differentFour different flexible black synthetic rubber drive belts. The drive belts are oil resistant. Belt lengths: 240, 390, 580 and 780 mm.

2037.00 Drive Belts, 4 different

Coil support, three phaseThe coil support consists of a triangular Perspex plate with support for the armatures and coils. Electrical connection via 4 mm safety jack connectors. The three ground connectors are interconnected.A wing nut secures the support to the Ø 10 mm rod of a 3320.10 Cylindrical magnet with bearing (for a generator setup) or a 4755.10 Needle on a rod (for a motor setup).

4735.00 Coil support, three phase

2946.35 with 2946.10

2037.00

4735.00

4708.00

4708.20

4708.30

4708.10

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Needle on a rodConstitutes the central mounting rod for the coil support in the three phase motor models. To be used with one of the following three rotors.

4755.10 Needle on a rod

Aluminium ring with bearingRotor in the synchronous motor.

4750.10 Aluminium ring with bearing

Cage armature for 3-phase motorRotor in the asynchronous motor.

4750.20 Cage armature for 3-phase motor

Motor-generator modelA ready-to-use setup for demonstrating the generation of either direct or alternating current. Although the AC voltage from this model is not sinusoidal, is goes very well together with the full wave bridge rectifier with LEDs to demonstrate the changing directions of the current. The DC voltage is naturally pulsating.Connect the model to a power supply to make it run as a DC motor.

4706.00 Motor-generator model

4750.20

TJEK VARE-NUMMER

4750.10

4706.00

4755.10

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Ganged motorsOne of the two identical motors is used for driving the other which operates as a generator. The two 6 V DC motors are conveniently mounted on a plate provided with 4 mm safety jack connectors.

4724.00 Ganged motors

Motor on support plateThe 2-6 V DC motor is mounted on a plate with two 4 mm safety jack connectors. A drive belt pulley is supplied.Plate size: 70 x 100 mm.

4720.10 Motor on support plate

Arc discharge rodsThese are used for demonstration of high voltage and the rising of high voltage arc discharges due to heating.For safety reasons the arc discharge rods are built into an in-sulated, protected acrylic plastic tube with safety jack connec-tors. One of the rods can be adjusted horizontally to bring the rods close enough together to start the electrical arc. (Not suitable for students. High voltage transformer needed - not included).Tube: Ø 90 x 600 mm. Bottom plate: 200 x 200 mm.

4615.10 Arc discharge rods

Hand powered generatorsThe generator is mounted in a transparent plastic housing. Using a crank and a gearbox the generator can yield a power output of up to 7.5 watts. The generator unit is supplied with an E10 socket for small bulbs and leads with mini alligator clips for connection to electrolysis experiments, measuring instru-ments, electrical circuits, etc. The set consists of two hand generator units and a manual.

4716.10 Hand powered generator, set of 2

4716.10

4615.10

4724.00

4720.10

108 • Electricity

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Magnetism

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110 • Magnetism

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3315.10

3315.00

Permanent magnets

LodestoneSpecimen for demonstration. A small piece of magnetic iron ore.3300.00 Lodestone

Bar magnets, Al-Ni-Co with holderCylindrical magnets, 11 mm diameter, length 170 mm, with keepers and coloured poles. Supplied in a wooden holder.3305.00 Bar magnets, Al-Ni-Co

Bar magnets, Al-Ni-CoLike 3305.00 but without wooden holder.3305.01 Bar magnets, Al-Ni-Co

Bar magnets, Al-Ni-CoA pair of square section magnets 10 x 10 mm with coloured poles.Length 100 mm.

3305.10 Bar magnets, Al-Ni-Co

U-Shaped magnet, Al-Ni-CoA magnetized Al-Ni-Co block attached to two parallel mild steel pole pieces. Overall dimensions 30 x 82 x 135 mm. Distance between poles 59 mm. With keeper and coloured poles.3315.00 U-Shaped magnet, Al-Ni-Co

U-Shaped magnet, Al-Ni-CoLike 3315.00 but smaller. Overall dimensions 15 x 60 x 90 mm. Distance between poles 48 mm.

3315.10 U-Shaped magnet, Al-Ni-C

Cylindrical magnet, NeodymiumDiameter 30 mm, thickness 6 mm. Mounted in a holder on a 10 mm diameter stainless steel rod.Can be used in conjunction with induction coils for the demonstration of alternating current (AC).

3320.00 Cylindrical magnet

Cylindrical magnet with bearingLike 3320.00, but with ball bearing and pulley.

3320.10 Cylindrical magnet with bearing

3300.00

3305.00

3305.103320.10

3320.00

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Bar magnets, Al-Ni-Co, cylindricalPair of cylindrical magnets, 5 mm diameter, length 50 mm.

3305.30 Bar magnets, Al-Ni-Co

Bar magnet AI-Ni-Co, squarePair of square section magnets 15 x 10 mm. Length 50 mm.

3308.10 Bar magnets AI-Ni-Co

Horseshoe magnetMade of 6 % chrome steel, Supplied with keeper. Overall length 125 mm.

3315.30 Horseshoe magnet

Neodymium magnetsNeodymium magnets are rare earth magnets containing iron, neodymium and boron. These magnets are very powerful and they are capable of detecting magnetic properties in mate-rials you would never have expected. Whenever the topic of magnetism is investigated these magnets are excellent for illu-strating magnetic properties. Great for induction experiments. Place a magnet on either side of the palm of your hand just to illustrate how powerful they are.

3318.00 Neo-magnets Ø 10 x 6 mm, boxed pair3318.10 Neo-magnets Ø 10 x 8 mm, boxed pair3318.20 Neo-magnets Ø 14 x 8 mm, boxed pair

Warning! Strong magnets are dangerous if swallowed! Never allow small children to work with neodymium magnets without adult super-vision.

Never store or use these magnets near computer disks, credit cards or othermagnetic media.

Support for bar magnetFor holding a bar magnet to demonstrate repulsion and atraction. Made of nickel-plated brass. Requires a stand e.g. 3415.00. For magnets up to max. 11 mm square or diameter.

3330.00 Support for bar magnet

Materials set for magnetismConsists of 8 plates of magnetic and non-magnetic materials each 65 x 25 mm. Materials provided are: Brass, nickel, lead, copper, aluminium, iron, zinc and plastic.

3390.00 Materials set for magnetism

3308.10

3305.30

3315.30

3318.00-.20

3390.00

3330.00

112 • Magnetism

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Iron filings150 g of iron filings in polythene shaker.

3375.00 Iron filings

Magnetic field demonstratorElegant and easy to use – a handy replacement of iron filings. The perfect aid for clearly revealing the magnetic field lines in 2 or 3 dimensions. Equally suited for demonstration purposes and student experiments. The kit consists of 4 plastic plates which contain a total of 392 small 8 mm magnetic pins. The plates are transparent and can be used with an overhead projector. Dimensions of each plate: 153 x 77 x 6 mm.

3395.20 Magnetic field demonstrator

3375.00

3395.20

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Magnetic field demonstratorFor demonstration of two- and three-dimensional magnetic field lines. The set includes a magnetic field box, a magnetic field plate and three magnets (2 bar magnets and a horseshoe magnet). The magnetic field box and the plate contain iron filings suspended in a viscous liquid. A bar magnet can be placed in the middle of the box. The plate can be used with both bar magnet and horseshoe magnet.Dimensions, box: 76 x 76 x 76 mm, plate: 91 x 157 x 9 mm.


Magnetic field demonstratorFor demonstration of two-dimensional magnetic field lines. The field is visualized by iron filings suspended in a viscous liquid.(Magnet not included.) Dimensions: 223 x 122 x 11 mm.


Lenz law kitCopper tube, length 18 cm and two ring shaped neodymium magnets.

4602.10 Lenz law kit

Lenz’s Law, open versionDemonstration of magnetic braking.When a strong magnet rolls down the aluminium U-profile, the changing magnetic field will induce an eddy current in the U-profile. According to Lenz’s law, this current will generate a new magnetic field opposing the changes in the original field. The motion will be slowed down dramatically.Delivered with two neodymium magnets and two non-magne-tic dummies of stainless steel.

4602.20 Lenz’s Law

4602.10

4602.20

3396.10

3396.20

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CompassesCompasses, transparentUseful in demonstrations of magnetic field strength. The compass needle is supported in a sealed plastic housing with transparent top and bottom. Well suited for use on an over-head projector. Diameter: 19 mm. Package of 12.

3400.10 Compasses, transparent

Compass SILVA RangerTransparent base plate 11 x 54 mm, with magnifying lens and scales. Dial 360°. Alcohol-filled Ø 50 mm rotatable house. Needle is with agate pivot.

3405.15 Compass SILVA Ranger

Pocket compassLow cost pocket compass with 360° dial with 5° graduation. Nickel plated brass housing. Needle placed on stone bearings. Ø 40 mm.

3405.05 Pocket compass

Compass, low costLand compass with 360° graduation. Transparent base plate. Liquid filled compass housing.

3405.10 Compass, low cost

Storage case for 3405.15Case with lining for storing up to 24 SILVA compasses 3405.15.

3405.18 Storage case for 3405.153405.15

3405.05

3400.10

3405.18

3405.10

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Dip needle for suspensionWith magnetic steel needle, 105 mm long, fully rotatable. Mounted in holder with agate cup bearings and suspension hook.

3425.00 Dip needle for suspension

Dip needle on baseWith magnetic steel needle, 105 mm long, fully rotatable. Mounted in a holder with agate cup bearings and inclination scale. The system can be moved from the vertical to the hori-zontal plane and serve as an ordinary magnetic needle.

3430.00 Dip needle on base

Compass card, cardboardThe diameter of the compass card is 65 mm.

3407.00 Compass card, cardboard

Magnetic needleCarbon Steel with nickel-plated brass bearing pivot. Length 110 mm. (Stand not included.)

3410.00 Magnetic needle

Stand for magnetic needleNon-magnetic metal pillar with carbon steel point on stable base. Height 110 mm.

3415.00 Stand for magnetic needle

Demonstration magnetic needleLength 150 mm with coloured polarity indication and agate cup bearing. Base with needle is included.

3420.00 Demonstration magnetic needle

3425.00

3430.00

3407.00

3420.00

3415.00

4558.00

3410.00

116 • Magnetism

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Magnetic field pattern, vertical conductor With a 149 x 200 mm Perspex base with 4 mm sockets. Can be used on an overhead projector. The field is made visible with iron filings.

4550.00 Magnetic field pattern, vertical conductor

Magnetic field pattern, 1 turn Like 4550.00 but with a single turn coil.

4550.10 Magnetic field pattern, 1 turn

Magnetic field pattern, 10 turns Like 4550.10 but with a ten turns coil.

4550.20 Magnetic field pattern, 10 turns

Induction coil, hangingThis is used along with a cylindrical magnet with bearing 3320.10 for demonstrating induced voltages. Because the coil windings can be pul-led apart, the rotatable mag-net can be mounted within the coil and rotated using a small motor (no. 2025.00). The diameter of the copper wire is 2 mm.The length of the un-stretched coil is 200 mm.

4556.00 Induction coil, hanging

Hans Christian Ørsted’s apparatusThis apparatus is used to demonstrate the action of a current carrying conductor on a compass needle. The compass need-le and the current carrying conductor are mounted on a trans-parent acrylic plate with a compass card. A DC current of up to about 3 A is sent through the conductor via 4 mm safety jacks. The device can be used on an overhead projector. Length of the compass needle: 105 mm.

4557.10 H.C. Ørsted’s apparatus

4550.00

4550.10

4550.204557.10

4556.00

Magnetism • 117

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Pohl swingFor demonstration of the force on a current carrying wire in a magnetic field.Height: 270 mm Width: 100 mm Depth: 160 mm

4555.00 Pohl swing

Apparatus for Laplace’s lawThis apparatus demonstrates the force on a conductor in a magnetic field. It consists of a pair of metal rails with 4 mm ter-minals. A light aluminium axle can roll freely along the rails and thus completes the electrical contact between them. A strong U-shaped magnet is required to complete the setup, use e.g. item no. 3315.00 (not included). Place the axle on the rails between the poles of the magnet. When a current flows through the axle, it will be influenced by a force perpendicular to both the axle and the magnetic field – i.e. along the rails. Dimensions: 190 x 85 x 65 mm.

4555.10 Apparatus for Laplace’s law

Current balance IFor demonstrating and measuring the interaction between an electric conductor and a magnetic field. The proportionality between force, current and conductor length can be shown. The equipment consists of a magnet holder with removable permanent magnets and a holder for wire frames which are mounted by means of 4 mm plugs.

The set consists of:– 1 magnet holder with 6 permanent magnets – 1 holder for wire frames– 6 wire frames with wire lengths of 8 - 6 - 4 - 3 - 2 - 1 cm

For the experiment you will also need a retort stand, a ba-lance with 0.01 g accuracy and a variable DC power supply. A power supply with a variable current limiter like 3630.00 is most convenient.

4565.00 Current balance I

Current balance IIThis is an extension for 4565.00 in order to show the angle dependency of the magnetic force. The permanent magnet assembly has a large gap in order to allow the vertical part of the conductor to rotate in the field. The scale has one degree subdivisions and can easily be zeroed. (You will also need 4565.00 – as well as a stand, a balance and a power supply.)

4565.10 Current balance II

4555.00

4555.10

4565.00

4565.10

118 • Magnetism

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MagnaprobeDesigned for work with magnetic fields in the laboratory. Al-ternative to plotting compasses when investigating the fields around magnets or coils etc.

3435.00 Magnaprobe

TeslameterThis simple, user-friendly instrument is designed to measure high magnetic field strengths e.g. from AINiCo magnets, coils and electromagnetic experiments. An auto scaling feature pro-vides automatic switching between measuring ranges.

Measuring ranges:0.01 – 2 T (resolution 1 mT)1 – 200 mT (resolution 0,1 mT)Precision: 5%

Size:Magnetic field probe (without holder): 80 mm long, 8 mm wide, 2 mm thick.Readout instrument: 158 x 108 x 56 mm.

Includes power supply for 230 V AC European plug

4060.50 Teslameter

3435.00

4060.50

Atomic and nuclear physics

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120 • Atomic and nuclear physics

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5161.00-.10

Smoke chamber for Brownian motion The chamber is designed for use with a (stereo) microscope for showing Brownian motion in smoke particles. Works very well with our 0770.26 stereo microscope at 40 x magnification. An experiment lamp (or similar device) can be used as a light source. The apparatus is supplied with a convex lens which condenses the light inside the chamber. Smoke is drawn into the chamber with the aid of a rubber bulb.Size: 100 x 24 x 25 mm.

5150.00 Smoke chamber for Brownian motion

Smoke chamber for Brownian motion with laserAs item 5150.00 but for use with laser light. The apparatus is provided with two plane parallel windows which let the laser light pass through the chamber.Size: 100 x 24 x 25 mm.

5150.10 Smoke chamber for Brownian motion with laser

Planck’s constantThis apparatus is designed for the determination of Planck’s constant.The knee voltage in the characteristic curve of a light emit-ting diode (LED) is closely related to the energy of the emitted photons. By graphing knee voltages for a range of LEDs as a function of the frequency of the emitted light, a linear relationship is established.The LEDs used emit UV (ultraviolet), NIR (near infrared) and three wavelengths in the visible region. The LEDs have been carefully selected to emit light within a narrow, well-defined wavelength interval. Either the built-in 9 V block battery or an external 9-12 V DC adapter can be used as power supply.

5060.00 Planck’s constant

“Proton” and “Neutron” demonstrationThis set is designed to simulate the stabilizing effect of neu-trons on the atomic nucleus.The “protons” are made of disc magnets while the “neutrons” are made of iron discs. The “protons” will, because they are magnetized, repel one another when placed on a flat surface or overhead projector. The stabilizing effect of the “neutrons” is illustrated by placing them between the “protons”, thereby eliminating the repulsive force. The “protons” are supplied with a red marking, the “neutrons” with blue markings.

5161.00 “Proton” each

5161.10 “Neutron” each

5150.00

0770.26

5150.10

5060.00

Atomic and nuclear physics • 121

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Chain reaction apparatusThis item is used to demonstrate the chain reaction using matches. It is supplied with 6 ea. metal pins to show how a chain reaction can be damped.

5160.00 Chain reaction apparatus

5160.01 Extra metal pins for chain reaction apparatus, package of 6 ea.

DiceFor simulation of radioactive decay.

5952.00 Dice, 100 pieces

5952.00

5160.00

5160.01


Passion for Science

Radioactive sourcesRadioactive sourcesSealed radioactive sources for education, consisting of the alpha, beta and gamma sources described below. Each source consists of a Plexiglas handle with a threaded aluminium sleeve at the active end. The sources are ISO classified as ISO/99/C11111 and have passed ISO 9978 contamination and leakage tests.The set includes the 5100.40 storage holder.

5100.00 Radioactive sources, set with holder

Alpha sourceThe isotope used is americium-241 (activity: 37 kBq, half life: 458 years). Americium-241 decays to neptunium-237 by alpha decay, accompanied by some gamma radiation.The radioactive material is mounted in an approved holder with a Plexiglas shaft threaded at one end for mounting in a sup-port.

5100.10 Alpha source

Beta sourceThe isotope used is strontium-90 (activity: 37 kBq, half life: 28 years). Strontium-90 decays by beta decay through yttrium-90 to zirconium-90. This source emits virtually no gamma radiation. The radioactive source is mounted in an approved holder with a Plexiglas shaft threaded at one end for mounting in a support.

5100.20 Beta source

Gamma sourceThe isotope used is cesium-137 (activity: 370 kBq, half life: 30 years). Cesium-137 beta decays to an excited state of barium-137, followed by a gamma decay to the ground state of barium-137. The mechanical construction of the source ensures that most of the beta radiation is absorbed inside the source, leaving only the gamma rays to penetrate the enclo-sure.The radioactive source is mounted in an approved holder with a Plexiglas shaft threaded at one end for mounting in a support.

5100.30 Gamma source

Storage holderThis Plexiglas holder is convenient for storage of three sources.

5100.40 Storage holder

Cobalt-60 source (gamma)The isotope Co-60 (initial activity: 260 kBq, half life: 5.27 years) beta decays to an excited state in nickel-60. The beta decay is followed by a cascade of two gamma decays. The mechanical construction of the source ensures that most of the beta radia-tion is absorbed inside the source – although a tiny fraction will leave. The highly energetic gamma rays have no problems with penetrating the enclosure.The radioactive source is mounted in an approved holder with a Plexiglas shaft threaded at one end for mounting in a sup-port.

5100.35 Co-60 source (gamma)

Sodium-22 source (positrons)The isotope Na-22 (initial activity: 240 kBq, half life: 2.60 years) is a beta-plus emitter – i.e. positrons are released from the nucleus. When positrons and electron annihilate, two gamma quanta are produced. The daughter nuclide (Ne-22) also emits gamma radiation.Unlike many other Na-22 sources, a large fraction of the po-sitrons are able to escape the sealed enclosure of this source. This enables you to study the properties of these elementary particles. The radioactive source is mounted in an approved holder with a Plexiglas shaft threaded at one end for mounting in a support.

5100.37 Na-22 source (positrons)

5100.35

5100.00


Passion for Science

Americium source for continuous cloud chamber (5120.00)The isotope used is americium-241 (activity: 3.7 kBq, half life: 458 years). This radioactive alpha source is mounted in an ap-proved holder with a black plastic handle threaded for conve-nient mounting in the cloud chamber.(Storage holder 5105.10 not included. This source does not fit in holder 5100.40)

5105.05 Americium source for continuous cloud cham-ber

Plexiglas holder for americium source (5105.05)This is a convenient protective storage option for the ameri-cium source.

5105.10 Plexiglas holder for americium source

Isotope generatorThe isotope generator produces the isotope barium-137m from cesium-137. After extraction from the generator this iso-tope decays by gamma emission with a half life of about 2.6 minutes. The isotope generator can be used up to 1000 times before replacement is required. By varying the amount of ex-traction liquid used, the amount of Ba-137m can also be varied. After about 30 minutes, the activity from Ba-137m has drop-ped to negligible levels, and the sample can safely be poured down the drain.The isotope generator itself can also be used as a cesium-137 gamma source. The half life for Cs-137 is about 30 years, and the initial activity of the isotope generator is 380 kBq.Note: Use only the extraction liquid provided to leach out the barium. Use of other extraction liquids can destroy the isotope generator!

5112.00 Isotope generator

Extraction liquid for isotope generatorThis liquid is used to extract Ba-137m from the isotope genera-tor item no. 5112.00. The bottle contains 250 ml.

5112.05 Extraction liquid for isotope generator

Diffusion cloud chamberContinuously operating diffusion cloud chamber for the ob-servation of particle tracks. With the aid of approx. 50 g dry ice and 1-2 ml alcohol, the fog traces of ionising particles can be observed for about 30 min. The chamber requires no high-voltage sources; it is equipped with a 12 V lamp. Diameter 120 mm, height 90 mm.(Radioactive source not included.)

5120.00 Diffusion cloud chamber

Snowpack apparatus for making dry iceConnect the Snowpack to a siphon type CO2 cylinder and pro-ceed in accordance with the instructions. An injection time of 1 min. is sufficient to produce a 50 x 22 mm pellet. The dry ice pellet may e.g. be used to operate the 5120.00 diffusion cloud chamber.

0730.80 Snowpack apparatus for making dry ice5112.00

5120.00

0730.80

5105.05-10


Passion for Science

Gamma spectroscopyA host of new experiments opens up when you are able to measure the energy of gamma quanta instead of just counting them. Unfortunately, the equipment needed for gamma spectroscopy has traditionally been too expensive for many high schools. The products presented on these pages reduce the costs to a manageable amount.A gamma spectrometer consists of two parts: An energy sensitive detector and equipment to process the output from the detector – typically feeding data to a computer.A widespread detector type is the scintillation detector. An incoming gamma quantum deposits its energy in a so-called scintillation crystal, causing it to emit a tiny gleam of visible light. The light is detected by a sensitive photo cell (a photomultiplier), giving rise to an electric pulse. The electric output is proportional to the energy deposited inside the crystal.A multichannel analyzer (MCA) sorts the incoming pulses from an energy sensitive detector into a large number of channels according to their sizes. When the channel counts are plotted versus the channel number, the result is an energy spectrum.

Multichannel AnalyzerThe Frederiksen MCA features 1024 channels, variable analog and digital gain, a variable integration time and built-in logic to reject “pile up” (a pulse starting on top of the previous one). This hardware based MCA handles count rates exceeding 10 MHz, meaning that the MCA will hardly ever be a bottle-neck!The Frederiksen MCA and the accompanying software are especially suited for the 5185.00 scintillation detector mentioned below, but an auxiliary input can be used with the anode signal from a traditional photomultiplier tube. This enables you in many cases to reuse a scintillation detector from older equipment with obsolete MCA hardware (or software).Software included (MS Windows only).

5180.00 Multichannel Analyzer

5180.00


Passion for Science

Scintillation Detector This detector is the ideal match for the 5180.00 MCA. It is po-wered directly from the MCA unit. The size, low operating vol-tage – and price! – of this scintillation detector is based on the solid state technology inside. Another advantage of solid state photomultipliers is the complete lack of sensitivity to magnetic fields.The cesium iodide scintillation crystal measures 6 x 6 x 15 mm which gives excellent angular resolution in Compton scattering experiments. This size of crystal will of course be less sensitive than the huge NaI crystals normally used with photomultiplier tubes – but this detector still achieves a total count rate exceeding 1800 cps with one of our 37 kBq Cs-137 sources.Energy resolution (FWHM) is approx. 7 % at 662 keV (Cs-137) and 5 % at 1333 keV (Co-60). The bias voltage is software controlled (through the MCA) in order to keep the detector gain constant over temperature.

5185.00 Scintillation Detector for 5180.00

Compton scattering targetsThe Compton Effect illustrates the particle-like behaviour of gamma radiation. When a gamma quantum bounces off an electron, its energy loss depends on the scattering angle. These rotationally symmetrical aluminium targets allow you to achieve a high count rate for two fixed scattering angles of approx. 60° and 90°. A lead absorber blocks the direct radiation from source to detector. Subtraction of background radiation (including scattered radiation from e.g. the table top) is handled by the 5180.00 software.With our gamma spectrometer and a standard Cs-137 gamma source (5100.30), usable difference spectra for both angles can be obtained within an hour.

5190.00 Compton scattering set

Compton scattering setup

You will need the following

• 5180.00 Multichannel analyzer 1 ea.• 5185.00 Scintillation detector 1 ea.• 5190.00 Compton scattering set 1 ea.• 5141.02 Profiled rail, 40 cm 1 ea.• 2946.10 Sliding saddle 2 ea. • 5141.80 Source holder, simple *) 1 ea.• 5100.30 Gamma source *) 1 ea.

*) If an alternative source is used, please see p. 130 for a compatible holder

5185.00

5190.00


Passion for Science

Geiger countersGeiger counterVersatile and easily operated Geiger counter.The counting time can be set to 1, 10, 60 or 100 seconds or set to manual start/stop. Counting can run repeatedly with the last completed result visible in the main display while new counts accumulate in the auxiliary display. The GM voltage can be adjusted in 1 V steps from 300 V to 700 V.When turned on, the counter operates silently, but for de-monstration purposes the “authentic” clicking Geiger-counter sound may be turned on. The counter accepts both BNC and Jack type GM tubes.The current consumption of the counter is low, allowing it to run continuously for days on the six AA-cells provided. If the counter is not counting, it turns off automatically after one hour. The counter can also be powered from a mains adapter (not included).With the optional USB adapter, the GM counter can be con-nected to a computer. Another option is a pulse output cable (for further hardware processing).

5136.00 Geiger counter

GM Counter with built-in tubeThis handheld Geiger counter is a flexible and affordable de-vice – especially developed with schools and other educational institutions in mind. The built-in GM tube is sensitive to alpha, beta and gamma radiation.The counter has 8 fixed count periods (1, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60 or 100 s).Display of dose rate (μSv/h) related to Cs-137.Max, min and average view for mSv/hr and CPS.GM tube voltage can be adjusted between 400 and 700 V, while showing count rate.Use the built-in Geiger tube with its protective cap in place for gamma radiation – or remove the cap to expose the sensitive window when working with alpha or beta radiation.For use with a larger audience, a separate display (IM-159810) can be connected. (Cable IM-159510 is needed for this.)The counter runs on a single 9 V battery.

5135.45 GM Counter with built-in tube

5136.00

5135.45


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Universal counter Our universal counter 2002.50 connects directly to a GM sensor with jack connector – i.e. 5135.70 (standard tube) or 5135.65 (large area tube).Counting time can be set to 1 s, 10 s, 60 s or 100 s – or you can manually start and stop the counting. For all the fixed times, a continuous mode can be selected for repeated counting.With a 25 mm high LED display, this counter is ideal for de-monstration experiments in the classroom.The counter is provided with an RS232 serial interface for con-nection to a PC and is compatible with the Datalyse data log-ging program.A more detailed description of the counter is given on page 7.

2002.50 Counter

Accessories for Geiger counters

DatalyseSoftware for use with Geiger-Müller counters 5136.00, or 2002.50 (communicates with other Frederiksen instruments as well) when logging data on PC. Well suited for measure-ments of radioactive decay or absorption of radiation.

Freeware – Go to http://datalyse.dk

USB communication adapterFor connecting a 5136.00 Geiger counter to a PC, this USB A to 3.5mm jack adapter cable is used.

5125.65 USB communication adapter

Cable, modular plug to jackThe modular plug of this cable fits the pulse output of the 5136.00 Geiger counter. The 6.3 mm jack connector fits e.g. a 2002.50 counter or datalogging equipment.

5125.60 Cable, modular plug – jack 6.3mm

Power adapter (for 5136.00 and others)12 V power supply, compatible with a lot of Frederiksen equipment: 5136.00, 5138.00, 4060.50 (new), 1770.00, IM-159810, 2211.00, 2002.50

3550.50 Mains adapter 12V 1,5A DC plug 2,1mm – European plug only

Power adapter (for older equipment)12V power supply for older equipment like 5135.30, 5135.35, 5135.55, 4060.50 (old).

3550.10 Mains adapter 12V 300 mA 3.5 mm jack – European plug only

Adaptor, GM tube with BNC to 6 mm Jack This adapter is used for connecting Geiger tubes with BNC connector (for instance 5125.15, 5125.25) to the 6.3 mm jack input of our 2002.50 counter. The adaptor is also compatible with various data logging equipment. The adapter generates the high voltage needed for the GM tube and provides signal buffering.

5125.75 Adaptor, GM tube with BNC to 6 mm Jack

2002.50

3550.50

3550.10

5125.75


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Coincidence boxThis box checks if the input pulses on the two or three selected inputs occur simultaneously. If so, a pulse is generated at the output.One application is detection of cosmic ray muons (see descrip-tion of 5142.00 below)The coincidence box, a Na-22 source and two GM tubes, can also be used to demonstrate the basic principles of a PET scanner.Accommodates GM tubes with BNC plugs or GM sensors with 6.3 mm jack connectors.

5138.00 Coincidence box 5138.00

5142.00

Muon ObservatoryEvery second every square meter on earth is hit by thousands of muons – elementary particles – with an average energy of about 4 GeV. The muons may be detected directly or via the shower of secondary particles they produce in collisions with ordinary matter. The muon observatory can operate in both of these detection modes. In telescope mode you only observe muons from the direction defined by the detectors. In shower mode you look for simultaneous signals from three detectors, placed in a triangle - eliminating the possibility of any single particle triggering all three detectors.This muon observatory provides the hardware for both modes of operation. 25 steel absorbers, each 3 x 150 x 150 mm, are included. (Coincidence box and GM tubes are not included)

5142.00 Muon Observatory


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Geiger-Müller tubesGM tube with BNC connectorThis is our standard Geiger-Müller tube for detection of alpha, beta and gamma radiation. The tube is mounted in a plastic housing and supplied with a 10 mm diameter support rod.The protective cap included should be removed when working with alpha or beta radiation while gamma radiation easily pe-netrates the cap. GM tubes with BNC connector are compatible with GM counter 5136.00 (and older models like 5135.30 and 5135.35).

5125.15 GM tube, BNC

GM sensor with jack connectorThis Geiger-Müller sensor can be used for detection of alpha, beta and gamma radiation.The sensor has a built-in high voltage supply, requiring only 5 V DC through the 6.3 mm jack connector. The GM tube is mounted in a plastic housing and supplied with a 10 mm diameter support rod. The protective cap included should be removed when working with alpha or beta radiation while gamma radiation easily penetrates the cap. The Geiger-Müller tube in this detector is the same as the tube in 5125.15.GM sensors with jack connector are compatible with GM counter 5136.00, universal counter 2002.50 and various data logging equipment.

5135.70 GM Sensor with 1/4” jack

Large area GM tube with BNC connectorThis extra sensitive GM tube has a large window with a dia-meter of nearly 3 cm, making it suitable for experiments with radioactive minerals, radon daughters and other low activity sources. Alpha, beta and gamma radiation can be detected.The housing is supplied with a protective cap as well as a pro-tective grid in front of the window. The cap should be removed when working with alpha or beta radiation while gamma radia-tion easily penetrates the cap. A mount with a Ø 10 mm steel rod is included.GM tubes with BNC connector are compatible with GM counter 5136.00 (and older models like 5135.30 and 5135.35).

5125.25 GM tube with BNC connector, large area Large area GM sensor with jack connectorThis extra sensitive GM sensor has a large window with a dia-meter of nearly 3 cm, making it suitable for experiments with radioactive minerals, radon daughters and other low activity sources. Alpha, beta and gamma radiation can be detected.The sensor has a built-in high voltage supply, requiring only 5 V DC through the 6.3 mm jack connector. The housing is supplied with a protective cap as well as a pro-tective grid in front of the window. The cap should be remo-ved when working with alpha or beta radiation while gamma radiation easily penetrates the cap. A mount with a Ø 10 mm steel rod is included. The Geiger-Müller tube in this detector is identical to the tube in 5125.25.GM sensors with jack connector are compatible with GM counter 5136.00, universal counter 2002.50 and various data logging equipment.

5135.65 GM Sensor with 1/4” jack, large area

Technical data for GM tubes Standard Large area

Recommended bias 500 V

Gas Ne + Halogen

Cathode 446 stainless steel

Temperature range (°C) - 40 to +75

Effective length (mm) 38.1 36.8

Effective diameter (mm) 9.1 28.6

Window thickness (mg/cm2) 1.5 - 2.0 2.0 - 3.0

5125.15

Standard Large area

BNC Jack


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Bench for experiments with radioactivityThis bench for radioactive sources and GM tubes provides a stable and convenient setup, allowing reproducible results when making experiments with radioactivity.Typical quantitative experiments comprises: absorption of gamma radiation in lead or aluminium, absorption of beta radiation in aluminium, variation of intensity with distance etc.The equipment consists of a 40 cm long bench with a tape measure, a saddle for mounting the GM tube and a mount for radioactive sources. Also provided is a set of absorber plates comprising: 5 ea. 2mm and 10 ea. 1 mm lead plates, 2 ea. 3 mm, 6 ea. 2 mm and 4 ea. 0.5 mm aluminium plates. The absorbers can be placed hanging from a Ø 6 mm steel rod, protruding from the source mount.The absorber plates are supplied in a convenient storage box. The lead plates have been enamelled to protect fingers from lead contamination.

5141.00 Bench for experiments with radioactivity

Coincidence experimentsHolder for radioactive sourceThis holder can be placed in a 2946.50 joint link to ensure fixed distances to two detectors in a rotational symmetric arrange-ment. Useful for studying angular correlation in nuclear decays or positron annihilation.

5141.95 Holder for radioactive source

Mounting hardware

5141.10 Mounting Bench Rail2946.10 Sliding Saddle2946.50 Joint Link

5141.00

Good News: A wider range of sources can now be used with our equipmentAlthough A/S Frederiksen only provides the radioactive sources shown in this catalogue, other popular types can now be used with our equipment. The two new types are the 12 mm cylindrical sources (as provided by for instance Phywe and Leybold) - and the 25 mm disk sources (as provided by for instance Pasco and Spectrum Techniques).Please refer to the table below for the relevant item numbers

Selection Guide Type 1 (Frederiksen) Type 2 (disk) Type 3 (cylindrical)

Source holder on rod including abs. plates 5140.05 5140.25 5140.35Source holder on rod without abs. plates 5140.07 5140.27 5140.37Bench for experiments with radioactivity 5141.00 5141.20 5141.10Deflection of beta particles 5141.05 5141.25 5141.35Beta spectrum apparatus 5165.00 5165.20 5165.30Holder for radioactive source 5141.95 n.a. 5141.97Source holder for exp. bench, simple 5141.80 5141.85 5141.87

5135.705141.95

2946.10

5141.02 2946.50


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5141.00

Beta spectrometer apparatusElectric particles with a given velocity follow a circular trajectory in a uniform magnetic field. If the radius is fixed, the velocity can be deduced from the strength of the magnetic field.The apparatus consists of a threaded holder for the beta source and a Plexiglas block with a narrow, quarter circular groove for the beta particles. The block has a notch for a Hall effect probe. A strong electromagnet (e.g. 4593.00, 4595.00 plus 2 ea. 4590.40) and a teslameter (4060.50) are needed

5165.00 Beta spectrometer apparatus

TeslameterThis instrument is ideal for determining the strength of the magnetic field when doing experiments with 5165.00 Beta spectrum apparatus or 5141.05 Deflection of beta particles. For a detailed description, see page 118.

4060.50 Teslameter

Deflection of beta particlesThe deflection of beta particles is easily demonstrated with this accessory for the bench for experiments with radioactivity (5141.00). The magnetic field is provided by a pair of strong permanent magnets. The direction of the field can be reversed and the magnets can be removed altogether. A beta source is mounted in a collimator that can turn around the centre of the magnets, thereby changing the angle between the incoming particle beam and a Geiger-Müller detector. To demonstrate the effect of the magnetic field on the beta radiation, you start with the magnets removed from the apparatus and align the beta source and the detector. When the magnets are re-introduced, the radiation “disappears”. By changing the angle between source and deflector, the radiation can be found again – but only if the magnetic field is oriented correctly.From the angle of deflection the kinetic energy of the particles can be deduced. This way the energy spectrum can be sketched to show its continuous nature.

5141.05 Deflection of beta particles

4060.50

5141.05

5165.00


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Source holder on rod incl. absorber platesThe holder for radioactive sources has a Ø 10 mm steel rod for mounting. A set of absorber plates is included, comprising: 5 ea. 2mm and 10 ea. 1 mm lead plates, 2 ea. 3 mm, 6 ea. 2mm and 4 ea. 0.5 mm aluminium plates. The absorbers can be placed hanging from a Ø 6 mm steel rod, protruding from the source mount.The absorber plates are supplied in a convenient storage box. The lead plates have been enamelled to protect fingers from lead contamination. Base not included.

5140.05 Source holder on rod incl. absorber plates

GM tube holder on rider for support benchThis holder is designed for GM Detectors type 5135.65 and the extra sensitive GM Detector type 5125.25.

5141.01 GM detector holder on rider for support bench

Holder for large area GM tubesFits GM tube 5125.25 and GM sensor 5135.65. Fitted with a Ø10 mm steel rod.(Included when buying the mentioned GM tubes.)

5125.32 Holder for large area GM tubes

Simple source holderUsed with e.g. 5190.00 Compton scattering targets.Fits 5141.00 bench or 5141.10 rail.

5141.80 Source holder for exp. bench, simple

Absorber plate setThe set of absorber plates is supplied in a storage box. The set comprises 5 ea. 2mm and 10 ea. 1 mm lead plates, 2 ea. 3 mm, 6 ea. 2mm and 4 ea. 0.5 mm aluminium plates. The lead plates have been enamelled to protect fingers from lead contamination

5140.06 Absorber plate set

Absorber plates; 45 x 45 mmAll plates have a Ø 7 mm hole in one corner allowing them to hang from a rod.

5140.10 Lead plate, enamelled, thickness: 1 mm

5140.11 Lead plate, enamelled, thickness: 2 mm

5140.12 Aluminium plate, thickness: 0.5 mm

5140.13 Aluminium plate, thickness: 2 mm

5140.14 Aluminium plate, thickness: 3 mm

5140.06

5141.01

5140.05

5125.32

5141.80

Energy

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134 • Energy

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Measuring solar energyPyranometerMeasures the global solar irradiance. The output signal is directly proportional to the global solar irradiance in watt per square meter. An output signal of about 160 millivolts corresponds to an irradiance of 1000 W/m2. The output signal is temperature compensated, and each instru-ment is individually calibrated. All components are weather protected so the instrument is suitable for mounting outdoors. Output signal: 0 - 200 mVSize: 10 x 10 x 2.5 cm

4890.10 Pyranometer

Hand pyranometer with display

For field measurements of global solar irradiance. Supplied with a digital display for direct readout of the irradiance in watts per square meter. It is basically a more handy version of 4890.10 – but NOT weather proof.An analog output signal is provided through two 4 mm safety jack terminals if for instance data logging is wanted. The device is powered by a 9 volt block battery (included).

4890.20 Hand pyranometer with display

Pyrheliometer with digital thermometerMeasures the direct solar irradiance. The detector at the bottom of the collimator tube is a black painted brass cylin-der to which a digital thermometer probe has been mounted. Only the direct rays of the sun (and some circumsolar radiation) reaches the detector. The included manual explains the pyrheliometer equation. This permits calculation of the solar irradiance from the heating of the brass cylinder. Measurements throughout the day permit the solar constant to be determined. The technique was first used by Pouillet in France in the 1830's and later by John Erics-son in the USA who was able to determine the solar constant with remarkable accuracy.

4890.00 Pyrheliometer with digital thermometer

4890.10

4890.00

4890.20

Energy • 135

Passion for Science

Solar heatHeat pipe, set of 2Heat-pipes is effective to carry heat or cold. A heat pipe is a sealed tube containing a bit of liquid at low pressure. When cooling the liquid evaporates in the end to be cooled and con-denses in the end to dissipate the heat. The carriage from one end to the other functions by gravity or capillary effect.Length 140mm

2693.00 Heat pipe, set of 2

5037.20

Solar Thermal CollectorThe traditional flat plate collector is provided with a circulation pump and a heat storage tank with heat exchanger. The panel can be tilted and fixed at various angles.When used without water in the tank, the tank and heat ex-changer can function as a radiator in a (very small) room.

5037.20 Solar Thermal Collector

2669.05

2693.00

Stirling engineThe Stirling engine is interesting due to the problem of fossil fuels as they can use any type of heat source, for example, biomass and solar, which is a form of renewable energy. This model uses alcohol as fuel.

2669.05 Stirling engine

136 • Energy

Passion for Science

Solar panelsSolar cell, 3.1 AThis high sensitivity, monocrystalline silicon solar cell is mounted in a rugged housing, provided with 4 mm safety sockets. The base gives the solar cell an angle of about 54° from horizontal.Characteristics under “one sun” (1000 W/m2) conditions:Max power: 1.4 W (0.48 V at 2.9 A) Open circuit voltage: 0.58 VShort circuit current: 3.1 ALight sensitive area: 98 ± 2 cm24885.00 Solar cell, 3.1 A

Solar cell, 3.1 A on rodSolar cell like 4885.00 but with a Ø 10 x 95 mm supporting rod instead of the base.

4885.10 Solar cell, 3.1 A on rod

Halogen lampThis lamp is very suitable for use with solar cells. It can be connected directly to 230 V AC. Supplied with a standard support rod. Base is not included. Colour may vary.

2801.15 Halogen lamp, 105 W2801.25 Halogen lamp, 350-400 W

Solar cell panel 10 WThis panel is built from 36 monochrystalline solar cells and is provided with cables with safety plugs. The sturdy aluminium frame and the front glass gives good protection for the silicon cells.

4885.38 Solar cell panel 10 W

Solar cell panel 5V/300 mALarge solar cell panel, containing 10 minor solar cells, each 25 x 50 mm, mounted in series on an aluminium plate. Max voltage is 5V and max. Current is 300 mA at 1000 W/m2. Equipped with connecting cables (without plugs).

4885.35 Solar cell panel 5V/300mA

2801.15

4885.00

5005.10

4885.10

4885.38

4885.35

Energy • 137

Passion for Science

Solar cell panels with screw terminalsThese solar cells share the same overall finish - making them ideal when students experiment with different sizes and inve-stigate single cells versus series connections. They all have screw terminals on the back, eliminating the need for solde-ring. The terminals also accomodate standard cables using crocodile clips.(The marking on the back of the panels may vary from, say 0.5 V to 0.58 V – this is just the difference between nominal voltage and open circuit voltage. The table below specifies nominal voltages.)

Item no. Voltage Current Size

4885.41 0.5 V 150 mA 18 x 60 mm4885.30 0.5 V 330 mA 30 x 60 mm4885.42 0.5 V 850 mA 60 x 60 mm4885.43 1.0 V 330 mA 60 x 60 mm4885.44 2.0 V 380 mA 60 x 115 mm

4885.41

4885.44

4885.30 4885.42 4885.43

Motors for solar cellsMotor for solar cellCan be used for demonstration of the electrical current produced by solar cells – or any other device that produces electricity that fits the specifications below. Provided with propeller and 4 mm conncectors for safety cables. Specifications: 0.2 - 3 V DC, 0 - 0.5 A

5005.00 Motor for solar cell

Solar cell motor on rodSame motor as used in 5005.00 but mounted in a housing on a Ø 10 x 105 mm support rod. Supplied with 4 mm conncec-tors for safety cables.

5005.10 Solar cell motor on rod

Low torque motorThis very low torque motor is mounted on a rod and supplied with a small propeller and protective rear panel to protect the blades against breakage.The 1.5 V motor will start to turn at voltages as low as 35 mV. The nominal power dissipation is less than 0.3 W.

5015.00 Low torque motor

5005.00

5005.10

0004.00

5015.00

0004.10

138 • Energy

Passion for Science

Universal motor/generatorOperation voltage 0-12 v DC. Running speed 0 - 4800 rpm. Can be utilized either as a DC motor or as generator. Total length 220 mm.

2025.00 Universal motor/generator

FlywheelTo show conversion of kinetic energy to electrical energy and vice versa. Steel flywheel, 60 mm diameter, mass 105 g with Ø 6 mm hole. For motor/generator 2025.00

5010.00 Flywheel

Propellers for wind millsSturdy plastic propellers originally designed for model aircrafts, but when mounted on 12V motor/generator 2025.00, they will act as wind mills. They do not provide much power, but sufficient for student measurements.

Propeller, 30 cm3-blade propeller, Ø 30 mm. with a Ø 8 mm bore, which fits the spindle on 2025.00 motor/generator.

5046.00 Propeller, 30 cm

Propeller, 40 cm3-blade propeller, Ø 40 mm. with a Ø 10 mm bore, which fits the spindle on 2025.00 motor/generator.

5046.05 Propeller, 40 cm

Wind speed meter, digitalThis electronic wind speed meter has an easily readable digital display. The instrument can display wind speeds directly in km/hour, m/s, knots or feet/minute. The anemometer itself is mounted with low-friction ball bearings inside a protective housing. A 110 cm long cable connects the anemometer unit with the readout unit where the wind speed can be read directly in the units selected. The wind speed data is updated 2.5 times per second.

Technical specifications:Measuring range Resolution0.8 - 30.0 m/s +/- 0.1 m/s2.8 - 108 km/h +/- 0.1 km/h1.6 - 58 knots +/- 0.1 knot160 - 5900 feet/minute +/- 10 feet/minAccuracy +/- 3% of full scale, +/- 2 digitsPower supply 9 V block battery

1876.05 Wind speed meter, digital

Pelton turbine with generatorAssembled, operational model which by means of water or air jets is capable of producing electricity to light a filament lamp. Turbine housing of Plexiglas. Turbine wheel of black plastic. As generator use an ordinary 6 V AC bicycle dynamo.Turbine housing: H. 195 mm, W. 170 mm, D. 100 mm.

1705.00 Pelton turbine with generator

2025.00

5046.00-05

1876.05

1705.00

5010.00

Microscopes

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140 • Microscopes

Microscopes

Microscope rangeThe Gundlach microscope range consists of three different series of microscopes suitable for novice, intermediate and advanced teaching levels.In addition we have three basic models, DualScope and 100 FL/100 FL LED.

Primomic seriesSimple good quality microscopes at very attractive prices. With standard achromatic objectives and optional 60x or 100x objective. Very suitable for novice students. More on page 142.

Primolab seriesEasily operated good-quality microscopes with semiplan achromatic objectives and a good selection of accessories. Suitable for intermediate teaching and routine work in medical/veterinary practices and small laboratories. More on page 144.

PrimoX seriesThe largest and most versatile microscope in our range. With modern ergonomic design, high quality plan achromatic objectives and a very wide selection of accessories. Suitable for advanced teaching and for hospitals, clinics, medical centres, specialist laboratories, food inspection etc.

Basic microscopes

Microscope, model DualScopeRobust low-priced hobby/student microscope with simple optical glass objectives mounted on a revolving nosepiece. It comes with a plastic vertical stage with stage clips and a 6-hole disc condenser. The eyetube is mounted at a 45 degree angle for comfortable viewing and has a wide-field eyepiece with built-in pointer. In addition to the traditional bottom light the microscope is provided with a top light, and is thus also suited for observation of surfaces of leaves, coins, insects etc.A simple microscope ideal for hobby use and for smaller children. The simplicity of the design makes it a good choice as an introduction to microscopes or as a supplement to the traditional school microscopes.

Magnification 40x, 100x, 400xObjectives Optical glass objectives: 4x, 10x, 40xEyepiece 10x, wide-fieldCondenser lens 6-hole disc condenserIllumination Bottom light: 1 LED Top light: 1 LEDPower: 3 AA batteriesFocus Coarse adjustmentComplete with dust cover

0768.35 Microscope, model DualScope

0768.35

LED

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Microscopes • 141

Microscope, model 100 FLRobust low-priced student monocular microscope with achro-matic par focal DIN standard objectives mounted on revolving nosepiece and vertical stage with stage clips. Eyepiece tube is mounted at a 45 degree angle for comfortable viewing. Wide-field eyepiece with built-in pointer makes it easy to point out particular specimen details (Mechanical stage is sold separa-tely).Magnification: 40x, 100x, 400xOptical head: MonocularObjectives: Standard achromatic objectives 4x achromatic N.A. 0.10 10x achromatic N.A. 0.25 40x achromatic N.A. 0.65 (spring front)Eyepiece: 10x, wide-fieldCondenser: N.A. 0.65Diaphragm: Iris diaphragm for continuous adjustment of brightness and contrast.Illumination: 230V/20W. Built into base.Focus: Coarse and fine adjustment.Slide protection: Built-in adjustable stopper to prevent accidental damage to either the specimen or the objective front lens.Complete with dust cover

0768.40 Microscope, model 100 FL

Microscope, model 100 FL LEDCordless model. Identical to 0768.40 but with continuously variable LED illumination. When fully charged the rechargeable batteries in the base allows app. 10 hours cordless use. Suitable for classrooms with few sockets.Magnification: 40x, 100x, 400xOptical head: MonocularObjectives: Standard achromatic objectives 4x achromatic N.A. 0.10 10x achromatic N.A. 0.25 40x achromatic N.A. 0.65 (spring front)Eyepiece: 10x, wide-fieldCondenser: N.A. 0.65Diaphragm: Iris diaphragm for continuous adjustment of brightness and contrast.Illumination: 3 LED´s. Built into base. Continuously variable intensity adjustment.Focus: Coarse and fine adjustment.Slide protection: Built-in adjustable stopper to prevent accidental damage to either the specimen or the objective front lensComplete with transformer and dust cover.

0768.45 Microscope, model 100 FL LED

Accessories:0768.51 Bulb 220V/20W for model 100 FL

0768.50 Mechanical stage for model 100 FL/100 FL LED


0768.88 Objective 100x achromatic, N.A. 1.25, oil

0768.40

0768.45

LED

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142 • Microscopes

Primomic microscopesThe Primomic range is one of the most economical choices in our selection of microscopes. These microscopes are characterized by a nice finish and good precision. With continuously variable halogen-type illumination, and DIN-standard achromatic par focal objectives this microscope series provides good value for the money. The large mechanical stage has a steady, permanent traveser and low mounted coaxial controls, a design which is usually only found in larger and more expensive microscopes.The eyepiece tube is mounted at an angle on a revolving head and in addition, the binocular model has dioptric and interpupillary adjustment.

Magnification range/Objective typeThe Primomic series microscopes are available with either 60x objective or 100x objective as the highest magnification.

60x objectiveMagnifies 600x combined with a 10x eyepiece, and this magnification is usually satisfactory for most preparations used in basic microscope teaching. The 60x objective does not require immersion oil and is thus very suitable for student use.

100x objectiveMagnifies 1000x combined with a 10x eyepiece. Required to view very small specimens (like bacteria) in detail. Requires oil immersion, careful adjustment and thorough cleaning afterwards. Suitable for advanced users, teacher microscopes etc.

Accessories Primomic series:0768.63 Bulb 6V/20W halogen

0767.28 Eyepiece 10x, Primomic

0767.32 Polarization Set, Primomic

Microscope, Primomic, monocular Magnification: 40x to 600x/1000xOptical head: MonocularEyepiece: 10x, wide-fieldObjectives: Standard achromatic objectives 4x achromatic N.A. 0.10. 10x achromatic N.A. 0.25. 40x achromatic N.A. 0.65 (spring front) 60x achromatic N.A. 0.85 (spring front) Magnification: 40x, 100x, 400x, 600x/1000xCondenser: Abbé-condenser N.A. 1.25. With built-in iris diaphragm and filter holder. Adjustable height.Focus: Coaxial coarse and fine adjustment with vernier scale and friction regulation.Stage: Mechanical stage with a large, permanent traverser with vernier scale and low-mounted coaxial operation.Slide protection: Built-in adjustable stage stop to prevent accidental damage to either the specimen or the objective front lens.Illumination: Built into base. 6V/20W halogen bulb with condenser lens. Continuously variable intensity adjustment.Power: 230V or 110VComplete with dust cover.

0768.60 Microscope, Primomic, monocular w. 60x objective

0767.25/0768.60

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Microscopes • 143

NeoNeo is the new economy series among our solid biolo-gical microscopes. A great new serie that is very suited for student use. Equipped with LED illumination, nice design and high contrast achromatic objectives. The high contrast achromatic objectives have improved sharpness com-pared to normal achromatic objectives. The standard 60x objective is a great advantage because it can be used without immersion oil, thus minimizing the re-quirement for cleaning after use.

Microscope Neo, monocular 60xAn excellent choice for student microscope, as it obviously is equipped with a 60x objective, as the main objective. Therefore no need for immersion oil. Same main features neo by the following:• Super Bright LED light with stepless adjustment• lOx eyepiece with extra wide field• 4 lenses (4x/10x/40x/60x)• Reversed quadruple revolving nosepiece• Great design• Mechanical stage• Coaxial coarse and fine focusing system with tension

adjustmentDimension: 180x90x90mmWeight: 270g

0767.80 Microscope Neo, monocular 60x

0767.85 Mikroscope with an additional vertical tubus for camera or side view

0767.89 Mikroscope with binocular head0767.90 Mikroscope with xlOO objective

0767.80

Passion for Science

144 • Microscopes

Microscope Neo, vertical tube, 60xMagnification: 40x to 600xOptical head: Monocular with extra vertical tube for camera/eyepieceEyepiece: 10x, extrawide-field (1 piece)Objectives: High contrast achromatic objectives 4x N.A. 0.10 10x N.A. 0.25 40x N.A. 0.65 (spring front) 60x N.A. 0.85 (spring front)Magnification: 40x, 100x, 400x, 600xCondenser: Abbé-condenser N.A. 1.25. With built-in iris diaphragm and filter holder. Adjustable height.Focus: Coaxial coarse and fine adjustment with vernier scale and friction regulation.Stage: Mechanical stage with a large, permanent traverser with vernier scale and low-mounted coaxial operation.Slide protection: Built-in adjustable stage stop to prevent accidental damage to either the specimen or the objective front lens.Illumination: Built into base. 3W LED with condenser lens. Continuously variable intensity adjustment.Power: 230V or 110VComplete with dust cover.

0767.85 Microscope Neo, vertical tube 60

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Microscopes • 145

Microscope Neo, binocular, 60xMagnification: 40x to 600xOptical head: BinocularEyepieces: 10x, extrawide-fieldObjectives: High contrast achromatic objectives 4x N.A. 0.10 10x N.A. 0.25 40x N.A. 0.65 (spring front) 60x N.A. 0.85 (spring front)Magnification: 40x, 100x, 400x, 600xCondenser: Abbé-condenser N.A. 1.25. With built-in

iris diaphragm and filter holder. Adjustable height.

Focus: Coaxial coarse and fine adjustment with ver-nier scale and friction regulation.

Stage: Mechanical stage with a large, permanent traverser with vernier scale and low-mounted coaxial operation.

Slide protection: Built-in adjustable stage stop to prevent ac-cidental damage to either the specimen or the objective front lens.

Illumination: Built into base. 3W LED with condenser lens. Continuously variable intensity adjustment.

Power: 230V or 110VComplete with dust cover.

0767.89 Microscope Neo, binocular, 60x

Microscope Neo, binocular 100xMagnification: 40x to 1000xOptical head: BinocularEyepieces: 10x, extrawide-fieldObjectives: High contrast achromatic objectives 4x N.A. 0.10 10x N.A. 0.25 40x N.A. 0.65 (spring front) 100x N.A. 1.25 (spring front, oil immersion)Magnification: 40x, 100x, 400x, 1000xCondenser: Abbé-condenser N.A. 1.25. With built-in

iris diaphragm and filter holder. Adjustable height.

Focus: Coaxial coarse and fine adjustment with ver-nier scale and friction regulation.

Stage: Mechanical stage with a large, permanent traverser with vernier scale and low-mounted coaxial operation.

Slide protection: Built-in adjustable stage stop to prevent acci-dental damage to either the specimen or the objective front lens.

Illumination: Built into base. 3W LED with condenser lens. Continuously variable intensity adjustment.

Power: 230V or 110VComplete with dust cover.

0767.90 Microscope, Gundlach Primolab 4, binocular

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146 • Microscopes

PrimoX microscopeThe PrimoX microscope is the largest and most versatile microscope in our range. The modern ergonomic design encourages the best possible working positions. Controls for focusing and operating the mechanical stage are placed low to allow hands to rest on the bench while adjusting the microscope and the strong T-shaped stand ensures maximum stability. The top-quality par focal plan achromatic objectives are mounted in an easily operated, five-hole backward-facing revolving nosepiece, providing more working space and improved facilities for attaching lenses for phase- and polarization microscopy.A wide range of extra equipment such as dark-field equipment, phase contrast equipment, polarization equipment and photographic equipment makes it possible to create custom-made solutions for almost every purpose.The PrimoX microscope is suitable for all purposes in hospitals, clinics, medical centres, specialist laboratories, food inspection and advanced teaching wherever robust, precise and easily operated microscopes are needed.

Microscope, model Gundlach PrimoX, trinocularMagnification range: 40x to 1000xEyepiece tube: Trinocular (Seidentopf), prisms with anti-fungus coatingEyepiece: Paired 10x, wide-field with 20 mm apertureNosepiece: Backward-facing 5-hole revolving nosepieceObjectives: Plan-achromatic objectives 4x plan N.A. 0.10 10x plan N.A. 0.25 20x plan N.A. 0.40 40x plan N.A. 0.65 (spring front) 100x plan N.A. 1.25 (spring front, oil immersion)Magnification: 40x, 100x, 200x, 400x, 1000xCondenser: Abbé-condenser N.A. 1.25. With built-in diaphragm and filter holder along with an extra revolving lens for use with 4x objective. Adjustable height.Focus: Coaxial coarse and fine adjustment with vernier scale and adjustable friction.Stage: Mechanical stage with vernier scale and low-mounted coaxial operation. 140 x 210 mm.Specimen protection Built-in adjustable stage stop to prevent accidental damage to either the specimen or the objective front lens.Illumination: Built into base. 6V/20W halogen bulb with collector lens and field diaphragm. Continuously variable intensity adjustment.Power: 230VComplete with dust cover.

0767.65 Microscope, model Gundlach PrimoX, trinocular Accessories for PrimoX:0768.63 Bulb 6V/20W halogen

0767.63 Polarization set, PrimoX

0767.64 Micrometer eyepeice 10x WF, PrimoX

0767.68 Dark-field condenser (dry), N.A. 0.77-0.91, PrimoX

0767.69 Dark-field condenser (oil), N.A. 1.25-1.44, PrimoX

0767.70 Phase equipment (10X/20X/40X/100X+condenser), PrimoX

0767.71 Eyepiece adapter, PrimoX

0767.72 CCD-adapter 0.4x, PrimoX

0767.73 CCD-adapter 1x, PrimoX

0767.74 Photo adapter, PrimoX (T2 adapter ring not included)

0767.65

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Microscopes • 147

0768.15

Digital microscope, DigiTeachThis elegantly designed digital USB-microscope is very suitable for both teacher and student use. It is equipped with continuously variable LED light powered by an external power supply. The 60x objective is used without immersion oil, and this makes the microscope very easy to use and minimizes cleaning of the lenses after use. Supplied with easily operated software (Windows compatible) that makes it is possible to capture images and videos among other things. The digital microscope can also be used as a normal micro-scope without having to connect it to a computer via USB-cable. Just connect the power supply to the microscope. Magnification: 40x to 600xOptical head: Monocular with 1.3 megapixel cameraEyepiece: 10x, wide-fieldObjectives: Standard achromatic objectives 4x achromatic N.A. 0.10. 10x achromatic N.A. 0.25. 40x achromatic N.A. 0.65 (spring front) 60x achromatic N.A. 0.85 (spring front)Magnification: 40x, 100x, 400x, 600xCondenser: Abbé-condenser N.A. 1.25. With built-in iris diaphragm and filter holder. Adjustable height.Focus: Coaxial coarse and fine adjustment with vernier scale.Stage: Mechanical stage with a large, permanent traverser with vernier scale and low-mounted coaxial operation.Slide protection: Built-in adjustable stage stop to prevent accidental damage to either the specimen or the objective front lens.Illumination: LED built into base. Continuously variable intensity adjustment.Power: 12 V external power supplySoftware: Windows compatible software included. Complete with dust cover, USB-cable and software.

0768.15 Digital microscope, DigiTeach

Digital camera adapterUniversal adapter for digital compact cameras. Attaches to 28-45 mm diameter eyepiece on microscopes, stereo micro-scopes and telescopes. Digital cameras with tripod thread can be mounted on the adapter, and the camera position can be precisely adjusted.

5656.10 Digital camera adapter, universal

Digital microscopesWe are happy to present our first true digital microscope: The DigiTeach.

The DigiTeach was selected because of its strong specifications which include: LED light source, 4 objectives (with the user friendly 60x objective), 1.3 MP camera, good software and modern design.

The specifications are very close to those of the popular Primomic-series characterized by good optics, good precision and a fair price. The improvements are mainly found in the light source, design and the built-in camera.

5656.10

LED

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148 • Microscopes

Micro præp0788.50 Slide set Artery and vein

0788.51 Slide set Blood

0788.52 Slide set Root/onion

0788.53 Slide set plants

0788.54 Slide set Histology

0788.55 Slide set Zoology

0788.57 Slide set Human Sperm

0788.50

0788.51

0788.57

0788.52

0788.53-55

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Microscopes • 149

Stereo microscope, MiniSmall, low-priced, cordless battery-powered stereo micro-scope with LED illumination. Simple design with single 20x magnification, good, sharp optics and 55-75 mm interpupillary adjustment to compensate for differences between the eyes. The small size and a weight of only 585 g makes this stereo microscope very suitable for use in the field and the user- friendly design makes it ideal for smaller children.Magnification: 20XField of vision: Ø 20 mmEyepieces: 10 wide-fieldObjectives: 2xDimensions: 23 x 10 x13.5 cmIllumination: 1 LED (top light)Power supply: 2 x LR6 1.5V batteriesComplete with dust cover.

0770.00 Stereo microscope, Mini

Stereo microscope, model 30BStereo microscope with good, sharp optics. The paired 10x wide-field eyepieces have removable soft eyecups to help shut out peripheral light. In addition the eyepieces have inter-pupillary adjustment (51-75mm) and dioptric adjustment on left eyepiece. With turret-mounted 1x and 3x objectives for quick magnification changes, an inclined head for viewing comfort and a dual illumination system for ideal specimen lighting. Top and bottom illumination cannot be used simultaneously. Other Model 30B eyepieces are available as extras allowing magni-fications up to 60x.Magnification: 10x and 30xMaximum field of view: Ø 20 mmObjectives: 1x and 3x in 180° rotating turretEyepieces 10x wide-field with 16 mm apertureIllumination Top 12V/10W Bottom 12V/10WPower source: 230VTransformer: Built into baseComplete with dust cover, frosted glass stage plate and black/white stage plate.

0770.25 Stereo microscope, model 30B

0770.00

Stereo microscopes

On the following pages we will present our range of stereo microscopes with fixed magnification. Our range spans from the small Mini with one magnification to the advanced model 60 with dual magnification, adjustable top and bottom light source and superb optical performance. In between are the popular model 30 and 40 series that comes in several variants with regards to magnification and type of light source.

0770.25

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150 • Microscopes

0770.35

0770.26

Stereo microscope, model 30CThe 30C model is identical to 0770.25 but with 20x and 40x magnification. Other eyepieces allowing magnifications up to 80x are available as extras. The field of vision is,however, considerably smaller than on 0770.25Magnification: 20x and 40xMaximum field of view: Ø 10 mmObjectives: 2x and 4x in 180° rotating turretEyepieces: 10x wide-field with 16 mm apertureIllumination: Top 12V/10W Bottom 12V/10WPower source: 230VTransformer: Built into base.Complete with dust cover, frosted glass stage plate and black/white stage plate.

0770.26 Stereo microscope, model 30C

Stereo microscope, model 30LEDCordless, portable stereo microscope with optics and magni-fication identical to model 30B. With LED illumination and re-chargeable batteries with 8-12 hour capacity and thus ideal for use on fieldtrips etc.Magnification: 10x and 30xMaximum field of view: Ø 20 mmObjectives: 1x and 3x in 180° rotating turretEyepieces: 10x wide-field with 16 mm apertureIllumination: Top 10 LED’s Bottom 6 LED’sPower source: Rechargeable batteriesComplete with dust cover, rechargeable batteries with trans-former, frosted glass stage plate and black/white stage plate.

0770.35 Stereo microscope, model 30LED

Accessories for model 30/40 series:0778.70 Bulb 12V/20W tungsten

0770.77 Eyepiece 15x, model 30/40

0770.79 Eyepiece 20x, model 30/40

LED

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Microscopes • 151

Stereo microscope, model 40B and 40CThe stereo microscopes from model 40 series are very similar to the model 30 series presented on the previous pages. There are, however, some extra features that make it an ideal choice for more demanding users. It is slightly larger because it contains larger prisms and thus improved optics. The top and bottom illumination can be used simultaneously and the top light source is equipped with a halogen bulb The optical head rotates 360° for convenient viewing and the magnification is changed via a 90° rotating turret. The model 40 comes in two variants that only differs with regards to the magnification. Magnification: 10x/30x or 20x/40xMaximum field of view: 20 mm Ø or 10 mm ØObjectives: 1x/3x or 2x/4x in 90° rotating turretEyepieces: 10x wide-field with 16 mm apertureIllumination: Top: 12V/10W, halogen Bottom: 12V/10W, tungstenPower source: 230VComplete with dust cover, frosted glass stage plate and black/white stage plate.

0770.40 Stereo microscope, model 40B (10x/30x)0770.41 Stereo microscope, model 40C (20x/40x)

Accessories for model 30/40 series:0778.70 Bulb 12V/20W tungsten0770.77 Eyepiece 15x, model 30/400770.79 Eyepiece 20x, model 30/40

0770.43 Bulb 12V/20W halogen

Stereo microscope, model 60Stereo microscope with sharp, good quality optics. With turret-mounted 1x and 3x objectives for quick magnification changes, 45 ° inclined head for viewing comfort and dual il-lumination system for ideal specimen lighting. The spectacle friendly eyepieces have 51-75mm interpupillary adjustment and dioptric adjustment on left eyepiece. Stand and column design makes it possible to examine tall objects. Top and bot-tom illumination can be used simultaneously, and illumination intensity is continuously variable.Magnification: 10x and 30xMaximum field of view: Ø 20 mmObjectives: 1x and 3x in 90° rotating turretEyepieces: 10x wide-field with 20 mm aperture. Spectacle friendly designWorking distance: App. 100 mmIllumination: Top: 12V/15W, halogen, with reflector Bottom: 12V/15W, halogenLight intensity: Continuously variable.Complete with black/white stage plate, frosted glass stage plate, stage clips and dust cover.

0770.50 Stereo microscope, model 60

Accessories for model 60:0770.51 Eyepiece 20x, model 60

0770.52 Bulb 12V/15W, halogen with reflector, top light model 60

0770.53 Bulb 12V/15W, halogen, bottom light model 60

0770.40

0770.50

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152 • Microscopes

0770.61

Zoom stereo microscopesZoom stereo microscopes are the preferred choice when you use a stereo microscope for routine inspection or for more careful examination of insects, plants etc. The optical system gives a continuously variable magnification so it is possible to use exactly that magnification that gives the best view. This can be a great advantage, when certain details need to be checked on insects etc. or you want to adjust the field of view to a certain size in order to see the complete object.

Zoom stereo microscopes are therefore very suitable for high schools, universities and inspection work during production.

Zoom stereo microscope, Primozoom llRobust zoom stereo microscope with 45 degree inclination of head for viewing comfort and eyepieces with both interpupillary and dioptric adjustments. Eyepieces include soft eye cups to keep prolonged viewing comfortable while blocking peripheral light. High precision lenses make it possible to use the zoom stereo microscope for long periods of time without eyestrain. Stable stand with column and wide base with roun-ded corners promotes a good working position.Magnification: 10x to 40x, continuously variable. Can be increased to 80x with accessories.Eyepieces: 10x wide-field with 16.5 mm aperture.Field of view: Ø 23 – 5.5 mmWorking distance: App. 85 mmIllumination: Top: 12V/10W halogen with reflector Bottom: 12V/10W halogen Top or bottom illumination Continuously variable intensity adjustment.Power source: 230VExtra equipment: Extra eyepiecesComplete with black/white stage plate, frosted glass stage plate, stage clips and dust cover.

0770.61 Zoom stereo microscope, Primozoom ll

Accessories for Primozoom:0770.79 Eyepiece 20x, model 30/40/Primozoom

0770.63 Bulb 12V/10W halogen with reflector

0770.43 Bulb 12V/20W halogen

Passion for Science

Microscopes • 153

Zoom stereo microscope, Stereozoom IT-B, binocularWith built-in halogen illumination.Magnification: Continuously variable 7x to 45x. Can be increased to 180x with accessories.Zoom factor: 6.4:1Eyepieces: 10x wide-field with 24 mm apertureField of view: 28 – 5.1 mm Ø, depending on the magnificationWorking distance: App. 93 mmIllumination: Top: 6V/15W halogen Bottom: 6 V/12W halogen Top and bottom illumination Continuously variable intensity adjustmentPower source: 230 VTransformer: Built into base.Extra equipment Extra eyepieces, lens attachments and dark-field condenser etc.Complete with frosted glass stage plate, stage clips and dust cover.

0771.10 Zoom stereo microscope, Stereozoom IT-B, binocular

Zoom stereo microscope, Stereozoom IT-TR, trinocularWith built-in halogen illumination and trinocular tube for attachment of camera.Magnification: Continuously variable between 7x and 45x. Can be increased to 180x with accessories.Zoom factor: 6.4:1Eyepieces: 10x wide-field with 24 mm apertureField of view: 28 – 5.1 mm Ø, depending on the magnificationWorking distance: App. 93 mmIllumination: Top: 6V/15W halogen Bottom: 6V/12W halogen Top and bottom illumination Continuously variable intensity adjustmentPower source: 230VTransformer: Built into base.Complete with frosted glass stage plate, stage clips and dust cover.

0771.11 Zoom stereo microscope, Stereozoom IT-TR, trinocular

0771.11

Zoom stereo microscopes StereozoomHigh quality zoom stereo microscopes with 45 degree inclination of head for viewing comfort and eyepieces with both interpupillary and dioptric adjustments. 24 mm aperture eyepieces provide an extra-wide field of vision and sharp, high contrast images at all magnifications. Eyepieces include soft eyecups to keep prolonged viewing comfortable while blocking peripheral light. High precision lenses make it possible to use the zoom microscope for long periods of time without eyestrain. Stable stand and column. Highly suitable for agriculture and forestry, market gardening, geology, biology, archaeology and in all ad-vanced teaching, as well as for quality inspection and other industrial applications.

0771.10

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154 • Microscopes

Other accessories for Stereozoom: 0771.15 Bulb 6V/15W, halogen w. reflector, Stereozoom (top light)

0771.16 Bulb 6V/12W, halogen, Stereozoom (bottom light)

0771.23 Micrometer eyepiece 10x, Stereozoom

0771.30 Photo adapter, SLR-cameras (T2-adapter not included)

0771.35 Polarization set, Stereozoom

Dark-field condenserExtremely useful for examining ’plankton and other transparent objects which are invisible in ordinary bright field illumination. Objects are displayed brightly against a dark background.

0771.35 Dark-field condenser

Photo eyepiece tubeFor trinocular Stereozoom 0771.09 P-TR and 0771.11 IT-TR. Used with a microscope eyepiece as inspection tube or for some types of camera mounts.

0771.29 Photo eyepiece tube

0771.21 Eyepiece 15x, Stereozoom

0771.22 Eyepiece 20x, Stereozoom

0771.25 Auxiliary lens attachment 0.5x, Stereozoom

0771.26 Auxiliary lens attachment 1.5x, Stereozoom

0771.27 Auxiliary lens attachment 2x, Stereozoom

Extra magnification for StereozoomExtra magnification can be achieved either by replacing the original eyepiece with an eyepiece with larger magnification or by attaching an auxiliary lens to the main objective. Auxiliary lenses give you the best optical quality, but working distance is reduced. To keep a large working distance, use an eyepiece with larger magnification. The optical quality is not quite as perfect as for the auxiliary lens but working distance is the same.

0771.21-22

0771.26-28

0771.35

0771.29

Biology & Geography

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Passion for Science

156 • Geography

7960.20

Convection chamberTry our new convection chamber. Simple to use with very ex-planatory results. With this chamber it is easy to demonstrate how convection affects winds, high pressures and low pres-sures through the interaction of cold and hot air. The usually invisible convection currents are very easy to see when smoke from burning paper is added through one of the chimneys. The chamber and chimneys are made of durable acrylic glass and the bottom is comprised of an aluminium tray. Place a tea light on one of the circles on the tray.

2688.00 Convection chamber

Supporting products:

7960.15 Heat element 50 W3098.00 Food coloring set8284.38 Red food color

Gouge auger, 100 cmWith this rugged soil core sampler it is possible to extract soil samples from depths up to 100 cm. The total length of it is 112 cm with a sample length of approximately 100 cm. The diameter of the sample is 8 mm. The gouge auger is made from electroplated iron of great strength, and has marks for every 10 cm.

7680.08 Gouge auger, 100 cm

Gouge auger, broad openingThe broad opening of this soil sampler makes it easier to in-spect the soil sample while it is still in the auger. Total length of the sampler is 63 cm long and it yields a soil sample of ap-proximately 49 cm in length with a diameter of 22 mm. Made from electroplated iron

7680.06 Gouge auger, broad opening

Deep sea currents modelDiscover how the deep sea currents, such as the ocean con-veyor belt (the thermohaline circulation), flow with this new mo-del. The model is an excellent tool for illustration of the deep sea currents that are caused by variation in temperature and salinity. It is developed in cooperation with Danish High School teachers, and is a highly recommended tool for illustrating cur-rents in water. The model helps students to understand why warm sea waters can travel great distances and why cold wa-ter sink due to the increased salinity. The tank is made of acry-lic glass with one white side and three clear sides. The white side makes it easier to view the sea currents. A special com-partment for ice is located in one end and a heat element (not included) can be mounted in the other end. Food color is usu-ally added to the ice (cold region) to make the currents visible.

7960.20 Deep sea currents model

2688.00

7680.08

7680.06

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Biology • 157

Aquatic net with telescopic handleA complete aquatic net with 24 cm diameter detachable frame and aluminium telescopic handle (46-78 cm). Easy to disas-semble for carrying

7610.50 Aquatic net with telescopic handle

Aquatic net with handleComplete net comprising strong aluminium frame, durable 28 cm diameter polyester net bag with reinforced rim and 150 cm wooden handle.

7609.00 Aquatic net with handle

Aquatic sieve 20 cm with handle A complete aquatic sieve comprising durable 20 mm stainless steel frame with replaceable 20 cm diameter stainless steel sieve and 150 cm wooden handle. Sieve is easily replaced by loosening two bolts.

7608.00 Aquatic sieve 20 cm with handle 7608.001 Replacement sieve 20 cm Aquatic sieve 16 cm with handleA complete aquatic sieve comprising durable 20 mm stainless steel frame with replaceable 16 cm diameter stainless steel sieve and 150 cm wooden handle. Sieve is easily replaced by loosening two bolts.

7608.01 Aquatic sieve 16 cm with handle 7608.011 Replacement sieve 16 cm

Shrimp push net A robust net used for catching shrimps, small fish etc. in shallow water. Complete net with 51 cm wide wooden “T-bar” and 120 cm wooden handle. The net bag opening is 45 cm wide. The net bag is deep and with a mesh size of 5 mm it is easy to catch even small and juvenile, aquatic animals.

7601.02 Shrimp push net

7610.50

7609.00

7608.01

7608.00

7601.02

Passion for Science

158 • Biology

Gundlach handle systemTo comply with the diversity of demands for aquatic nets and sieves we have developed a sturdy compound handle system comprising a range of separate handle sections which can be screwed together in any combination. A strong and durable screw fitting fits either straight into net frames or into an exten-sion section, which has screw fittings at each end. Sections are made of smooth, knot-free wood and screw fittings have a particularly strong electroplating to protect against weathering and corrosion. In addition to wooden handles the Gundlach Handle System also features a lighter telescopic aluminium handle.

Item number Section Type Material Length

7606.20 End Compound Wood 95 cm7606.21 Extension Compound Wood 95 cm7606.22 End + extension Compound Wood 190 cm7606.23 End Compound Wood 195 cm7606.24 End Compound Wood 140 cm7606.25 End Telescopic Aluminium 113-203 cm

Nets, sieves etc. for the Gundlach handle systemItem number Description Page

7608.08 Aquatic sieve 1597608.18 Aquatic sieve, reinforced 1597608.40 Scraper with net 1597608.20 Plankton net 70 µm 1607608.30 Plankton net 70 µm w. collecting glass 1607608.22 Plankton net 1 mm 1607670.27 Water dipper 159

7606.257606.23

7606.22

7606.20

7606.21

Passion for Science

Biology • 159

Aquatic sieveReinforced frame with 20 cm diameter aquatic sieve. The sieve is mounted at a 30º angle for easy sampling. All metal parts are made of stainless steel to ensure high durability. Easy to mount on any Gundlach Handle Section.

7608.08 Aquatic sieve

Storage rackElectroplated steel rack. Holds two rows of nets, aquatic sieves, garden tools etc. Up to 15 items per row.7606.95 Storage rack

Aquatic sieve, reinforcedReinforced frame with 20 cm diameter aquatic sieve. A crosswise metal reinforcement mini-mizes damage from bumps and blows. The sieve is mounted at a 30º angle for easy sampling. All metal parts are made of stainless steel to ensure high durability. Easy to mount on any Gundlach Handle Section.

7608.18 Aquatic sieve, reinforced

Water dipperComprised of a 1 L plastic beaker mounted on a metal bracket. The beaker is always horizontal and it is therefore easy to take a water sample. The water dipper is delivered without handle, but is easy to mount on any Gundlach Handle Section.

7670.27 Water dipper

7608.08 + handle

7608.18 + handle

7670.27 + handle

7606.95

Passion for Science

160 • Biology

Aquatic net 1 mm Strong 20 mm aluminium frame with replaceable 28 cm dia-meter polyester net bag with reinforced rim. Attaches to any Gundlach Handle Section with a strong zinc plated wing nut.Net diameter: 28 cmNet bag length 43 cmMesh size: 1 mm

7608.22 Aquatic net 1 mm7608.74 Replacement net bag for 7608.22/7608.31

Plankton net 70 μm Strong 20 mm aluminium frame with replaceable 28 cm dia-meter polyester net bag. Attaches to any Gundlach Handle Section with a strong zinc plated wing nut.Net diameter: 28 cmNet bag length: 64 cmMesh size: App. 70 μm

7608.20 Plankton net 70 μm7608.60 Replacement net bag for 7608.20/7608.35

Plankton net 70 μm with collecting glass 20 mm aluminium frame with durable polyester net bag with detachable screw top collecting glass. Attaches to any Gund-lach Handle Section with a strong zinc plated wing nut.Net diameter: App. 28 cmNet bag length: 63 cm (excl. glass)Mesh size: App. 70 μm

7608.30 Plankton net 70 μm with collecting glass

Aquatic Net with HandleComplete net comprising strong aluminium frame, durable 28 cm diameter polyester net bag with reinforced rim and 150 cm wooden handle.

7609.00 Aquatic Net with Handle

NetSmall water net on a metal thread and a bamboo handle 150 mm.7610.00 Net

NetRugged and small water net. Diameter 20 cm. Aluminum handle 1 meter.

7610.10 Net

7608.22 + handle

7608.30 + handle

7608.20 + handle

7608.60

7608.74

7609.00

Passion for Science

Biology • 161

5459.13

Dredge netStrong dredge net comprising electroplated 21 x 51 cm flat iron frame and a durable large-meshed nylon net bag. The net bag is protected by a tough canvas cover to pre-vent ripping on rocks, barnacles etc. The frame scrapes the bottom sediments into the net while the sampler is being towed behind a boat. Complete with 20 m strong nylon line.

7670.12 Dredge net

GrapnelFor sampling aquatic plants. Stainless steel grapnel with 6 flexible hooks. Complete with 20 m braided 3 mm nylon line on line winder.

7670.01 Grapnel

Umbrella dip netComprising two galvanized steel rods and 1x1 m net. Great for catching small fish. Simply place bait in the middle of the net and lower it into the water. When small fish gather to eat the bait, the net is raised and the fish are caught.

7609.01 Umbrella dip net

Refractometer, salinity 0-100 ‰Handheld refractometer for salinity with automatic temperature compensation. Very easy to use just place a drop on the opti-cal window, close the lid and read the scale.Range: 0-100 ‰Resolution: 1 ‰Accuracy: +/- 1 ‰

5459.13 Refractometer, salinity 0-100 ‰

7609.01

7670.12

7670.01

Passion for Science

162 • Biology

Water sampler, GundlachA professional water sampler of simple and practical design. Easy to operate with a unique automatic ball closing mecha-nism. A thermometer ranging from -10 °C to + 50 °C placed inside the flow-through sample chamber indicates the tempe-rature of the sample. A tap provided with a plastic tube at the bottom of the samp-ling cylinder allows water samples to be drawn without conta-minating the sample with atmospheric oxygen. The sampler is made of strong PVC-material and metal parts are made of brass or stainless steel. We recommend the use of reagent bottles specifically designed for water sample storage. Complete with 20 m nylon line with shackle. Volume: 1.3 LDiameter: 9 cmLength: 37 cm

7670.15 Water sampler, Gundlach

Water sampler, economySimplified model. A clear acrylic glass cylinder with a tight fit-ting lid and a solid brass weight at the bottom. The cylinder is open to the surrounding water when it travels down through the water column but closes tightly when the line is pulled. A sample of one liter from the given depth is contained in the cylinder and can be drained through the tube and tap at the bottom of the cylinder. Volume: 1 liter

7670.17 Water sampler, economy

7670.17

7670.15

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Biology • 163

Butterfly net with telescopic handleA complete butterfly net comprising 35 cm diameter polyester butterfly net, and light-weight aluminium telescopic handle (46-78 cm).

7612.52 Butterfly net with telescopic handle

Gundlach butterfly net with handleA complete fold-up lightweight butterfly net comprising 35 cm diameter frame, durable 75 cm deep polyester net bag and 120 cm wooden handle. Folded frame and net bag easily fits into standard backpacks.

7612.55 Gundlach butterfly net with handle

Insect beating trayInsects are easily seen and collected on this lightweight square beating tray. The durable white polyester sheet is held open by diagonal aluminium support rods. With small wooden handle. Dimensions: 65 x 65 cm

7612.62 Insect beating tray

Insect sweeping net with handleStrong 35 cm diameter aluminium frame with a durable 75 cm deep canvas net bag. Complete with Gundlach wooden handle (7606.20 95 cm End Section).

7612.01 Insect sweeping net with handle

7608.69 Replacement net bag for 7612.01

7612.52

7612.55

7612.01

7612.62

Passion for Science

164 • Biology

Two-way bug viewerA magnifier that allows you to see the object from either top or bottom. Rugged model with two magnifiers that are placed perpendicular to each other. A small tray with clear bottom and a mirror is placed between them. When a small insect is placed in the tray it can be viewed from both angles. The magnifier placed on the side allows you to see the object from the bottom which often shows surprising features on insects etc. The top magnifier is easy to take of and can be used as a stand-alone magnifier.

0784.85 Two-way bug viewer

Bug viewerA 3.5x magnifier mounted in the lid of a clear plastic container. The 45 mm diameter of the magnifier makes it easy to use even for small children.

0784.86 Bug viewer

Stand magnifier Simple magnifier that is very easy to use. Just place it over an object and look through the lens. 10x magnification and 30 mm lens or 5x magnification and 75 mm lens.

0784.25 Stand magnifier 10x, Ø30 mm0784.30 Stand magnifier 5x, Ø75 mm

Folding magnifier, 10xSmall pocket magnifier with 10x magnification. Triplet lens, metal frame and housing. Lens diameter 18 mm

0784.22 Folding magnifier, 10x

Magnifier with handleA low-priced magnifier with plastic handle and durable glass lens. 4x magnification, lens diameter app. 90 mm. Suitable for all ages.

0784.19 Magnifier with handle

0784.25-30

0784.19

0784.85

0784.86

Passion for Science

Biology • 165

Viewing chamberClear acrylic plastic viewing chamber with round corners. Ideal for studying and/or photographing water dwelling creatures. Dimensions 11 x 9 x 2.5 cm

7615.50 Viewing chamber

Earthworm viewing chamberClear acrylic plastic one-chamber box with two removable glass walls. Useful for studying earthworm behavior and demonstrating the dynamics of earthworm influence on soil structure and decomposition of organic material. English manual enclosed.Dimensions:20 x 30 x 5 cm

7675.10 Earthworm viewing chamber

Ant farmThe life of ants is very interesting and with this ant farm you can get really close to the ants. The container is made of durable plexiglass and contains a blue nutrient gel. The ants will dig tunnels and the gel also serves as food. The ant farm is self sustaining and the only thing you have to do is to let some air in once a week. Ants are not included. The gel can be replaced after use with the refill. With English manual.

7575.44 Ant farm

Refill for ant farmSmall bag containing 300 mL of the special gel used in the ant farm 7575.44. The bag is heated in boiling water for approximately 5 minutes until the gel is liquefied. Wait 5-10 minutes and gently pour into the ant farm (must be cleaned before this). Let the gel cool for 24 hours at room temperature, and the ant farm is ready for new residents.

7575.45 Refill for ant farm

7615.50

7675.10

7575.44

7575.45

Passion for Science

166 • Biology

Plant press, woodTable model with ash tightening cylinder and MDF (medium-density fibreboard) boards. Ventilation holes in boards reduce the risk of mould growth and speed up the drying/pressing process.Dimensions boards: 25 x 40 cm

7631.00 Plant press, wood

Plant press, steel gridStainless steel grid with carrying handle. Extends to hold many specimens. Simple light-weight design. Dimensions: 28 x 43 cm.

7631.05 Plant press, steel grid

Blotting paper for plant press Very absorbent. Each sheet can be used more than once. 50 sheets per pack. Dimensions: 28 x 43 cm.

7631.01 Blotting paper for plant press

Herbarium mounting paper High quality white paper. 100 sheets per pack. A4 size.

7631.03 Herbarium mounting paper

Soil pH indicator kitStorage box with indicator plate and 50 mL indicator liquid. Easy to use. Place a soil sample in the depression on the indi-cator plate, soak with indicator liquid, tip the plate a couple of times and read the pH-value.

8478.80 Soil pH indicator kit8478.85 Replacement indicator liquid 250 mL

7631.00

7631.05

8478.80

Passion for Science

Biology • 167

Biosphere, small – "Garden in a Bottle"Try this small “Bottle biology” unit for fast results. This unit makes it possible to create and study a completely closed terrestrial or aquatic environment. Place a few small potted plants in the box and obtain reliable results within a short period of time. The rubber lined acrylic lid and the sturdy fold-back clips ensure a complete seal of the fauna box. Two large sensors (for example CO2- and O2-sensors) and one small sen-sor (for example temperature sensor) can be connected via three holes in the lid. Holes are sealed with the enclosed rubber stoppers when not in use.

7895.10 Biosphere, small – "Garden in a Bottle"

Seed germination chamber for nutrient experimentsClear acrylic plastic seed germination chamber suitable for ex-periments regarding the effect of different nutrient levels and/or soil texture on germination of plant seeds. The chamber is triangular shaped to allow observation of root growth.

7630.10 Seed germination chamber for nutrient experiments

Soil respirometerThis soil respirometer offers a simple and reliable way of mea-suring the CO2 production from soil dwelling fungi, bacteria, collembola, plant roots etc. Place the respirometer directly on vegetation free soil or on a potted soil sample, attach a CO2 sensor and a stainless steel temperature probe and start col-lecting data. The CO2 concentration will increase within minutes and it is possible to produce nice graphs with CO2 production vs. time. The respirometer is a clear acrylic glass cylinder with three sensor openings in the lid: Two large sensors (for example CO2 – or O2-sensors) and one small sensor (for example tem-perature sensor) can be connected through the holes. Rubber stoppers are enclosed. The soil respirometer also offers the opportunity to measure respiration from insects/small animals or as a miniature photosynthesis chamber for small plants/plant parts. Diameter: 100 mm. Height: 124 mm

7895.20 Soil respirometer

7895.10

7630.10

7895.20

7895.20

Products are shown with sensors for illustration (not included).

Passion for Science

168 • Biology

Nutrient agar, peptone meat extract, roll200 g. Substrate for bacteria. Slice with carefully sterilized knife. Fills 18-25 petri dishes. Length app. 18 cm. Diameter 3.5-4 cm

8007.28 Nutrient agar, peptone meat extract, roll

Nutrient agar, malt extract, roll200 g. Substrate for fungi. Slice with a carefully sterilized knife. Fills 18-25 petri dishes.

8008.28 Nutrient agar, malt extract, roll

Nutrient agar, peptone meat extract, bottle250 mL. Substrate for bacteria. Melt in water bath and pour into sterile petri dishes. Fills 12-15 petri dishes.

8007.38 Nutrient agar, peptone meat extract, bottle

Nutrient agar, malt extract, bottle250 mL. Substrate for fungi. Melt in water bath and pour into sterile petri dishes. Fills 12-15 petri dishes.

8008.38 Nutrient agar, malt extract, bottle

Nutrient agar, PCA, bottle250 mL. Plate count agar. Substrate for bacteria. Melt in water bath and pour into sterile petri dishes. Fills 12-15 petri dishes.

8009.40 Nutrient agar, PCA – agar, bottle

Nutrient agar, peptone meat extract, pow-der8.1 g. Substrate for bacteria. Mix with 250 mL water, boil for 10 minutes and pour into sterile petri dishes. Fills 12-15 petri dishes.

8007.18 Nutrient agar, peptone meat extract, powder

Nutrient agar, malt extract, powder12 g. Substrate for fungi. Mix with 250 mL water, boil for 10 mi-nutes and pour into sterile petri dishes. Fills 12-15 petri dishes.

8008.18 Nutrient agar, malt extract, powder

Inoculation loop with handleComprising 7 cm nichrome loop and 20 cm aluminium handle.

0486.05 Inoculation loop with handle

8007.38

8008.38

8008.28

8007.28

8007.18

8008.18

7608.60

0486.05

Passion for Science

Biology • 169

Hand dynamometer, digitalDigital version with a large LCD. Used for measuring hand grip strength in kilograms. Made of high quality and durable plastic and features an adjustable grip to account for different hand sizes. Can be used to auto capture maximum grip strength or it can be set up to save and store results for up to 19 users. Also rates strength according to age and sex if this has been set up in the instrument prior to testing.

7815.00 Hand dynamometer, digital

Stethoscope7800.04 Stethoscope

7815.00

7815.00

Reaction rodFor the measurement of response time in milliseconds.Range: 1 - 220 milliseconds.

7850.12 Reaction rod

7800.04

7850.12

Passion for Science

170 • Biology

Reaction timerThe robust design allows repeated student use and the simple, intuitive controls make it easy to use for students and teachers alike. The instrument is comprised by a Control unit connected to a Response unit and a Timer (sold separately). On the Control unit you can choose from 4 different stimuli or combinations of these: red light, green light, sound or vibrations. The Response unit has a red and a green light and is connected to a hand held vibrator and a foot switch. Timer not included.

7802.78 Reaction timer2002.60 Student timer

Skin response deviceA device which measures fluctuations in galvanic skin respon-se (GSR) in humans. Fluctuations in galvanic skin response oc-cur in situations where people are exposed to situations which can cause stress or anxiety. These situations could be questioning, mental challenges or influences from flavor or sound stimuli. GSR measurements also form part of the much debated “lie detector” tests used past and present all over the world. The biofeedback is obtained when skin electrodes are placed on two fingertips. Exposal to external stimuli causes changes in the relative conductance over the skin surface of a small electrical current, which runs between the two skin electrodes. With the GSR-device these measurements can be recorded with a datalogger/interface or a simple voltmeter (none of these included). This GSR-device has primarily been developed to work with datalogger equipment from Pasco, but will also work with other systems and voltmeters. The GSR-device is supplied with battery, cables and self ad-hesive skin electrodes (100 pieces). Not included: Datalogger/interface equipment or voltmeter for data sampling.

7802.73 Skin response device

7802.78 + 2002.60

7802.73

Passion for Science

Biology • 171

Ear model, 3x, 4-partModel of the outer, middle and inner ear. Removable hammer, anvil and stirrup. The model is placed on a base.

7701.10 Ear model, 3x, 4-part

Ear model, 5x, 2-partEar 5x, 2-part with many details

7742.08 Heart model, large

Skeleton, standardStandard skeleton on robust 5-feet roller stand. The skull is 3-part and the jaw features several fine details. 170 cm.

7720.16 Skeleton, standard

Skeleton, musclesThis skeleton is identical to the standard skeleton, but also features blue and red markings on the left side of the skeleton. These markings show the origins (red) and the insertions (blue) of the muscles. 170 cm.

7720.17 Skeleton, muscles

7701.10

7730.25

7720.17

7720.16

Torso, classic unisex model with open back, 17-part 7730.25 Torso, classic unisex model with open back, 17-part

7742.08

Passion for Science

172 • Biology

7607.60-62

Heart model, largeVery large model of the heart (compare it to the match box on the picture). The model consists of three parts.

7734.00 Heart model, large

Pregnacy pelvisLongitudinal secion through a female pelvis with a 9 month old fetus, ready for normal birth and can be removed. Actual size.

7742.00 Pregnacy pelvis

Pregnacy series, 9 stagesThe model illustrates:Fertilization, the fetus after 6 days, 1, 3, 4, 7 and 9 month as well as the placenta. Except from the model of the 6 day old fetus which is enlarged, everything is actual size.Reinforced fiberglass.

7742.01 Pregnacy series, 9 stages

Human brainBrain Model showing the cerebrum, the cerebellum and the prolonged marrow. Actual Size. Can be divided into 4 parts.

7742.04

Female pelvisShowing female reproductive organs with bladder and rectum. Numbered parts with key card. Actual Size. Mounted on a plate and reinforced fiberglass

7742.02 Female pelvis

Male pelvisShowing male reproduc-tive organs with bladder and rectum. Numbered parts with key card. Actual Size. Mounted on a plate and reinforced fiberglass

7742.03 male pelvis

7734.00

7742.01

7742.02

7742.04

7742.03

Chemistry and lab equipment

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Passion for Science

174 • Chemistry and lab equipment

Passion for Science

Retort stand baseA-shape cast iron with stove enamel finish. Length of feet 200 mm, with Ø 10 mm hole and fixing screw for retort stand rods, supplied with rubber feet. Weight: 2.0 kg.


Retort stand baseStump-shaped cast iron with stove enamel finish. Accepts Ø 10 mm retort stand rods. Complete with thumb screw.Weight: 0.43 kg.


Retort stand baseStump-shaped cast iron with stove enamel finish. Accepts Ø 10 mm retort stand rods. Complete with thumb screw.Weight: 0.57 kg.


Retort stand baseTripod in cast iron with stove enamel finish. Accepts Ø 10 mm retort stand rods. Complete with thumb screw and rubber feet.Weight: 1.0 kg.


Retort stand rodsMade of polished solid stainless steel Ø 10 mm

No. Length Diameter

0008.00 150 cm 12/10 mm0008.10 100 cm 12/10 mm0008.20 75 cm 12/10 mm0008.30 50 cm 12/10 mm0008.40 60 cm 10 mm0008.50 25 cm 10 mm0008.60 10 cm 10 mm

Retort stand

Table clampDesigned for mounting of retort stand rods to the edge of a table. The holes can accommodate rods of up to 13 mm in diameter. The maximum clamp opening is 65 mm. The mass of the clamp is 0.36 kg. The clamp is made of cast iron with stove enamel finish.

0016.00 Table clamp

0001.00

0004.00

0008.00-60

0006.00

0004.10

0016.00

Chemistry and lab equipment • 175

Passion for Science

ClampClamp with overlapping jaws on Ø 10 mm steel shaft. Enables articles from 0 to 40 mm diameter to be clamped securely. Jaws are coated with soft PVC. Length 230 mm.

0018.00 Clamp

ClampClamp with rounded jaws of light alloy on Ø 10 mm steel shaft. Enables articles from 20 to 55 mm diameter to be clamped securely. Cork lined jaws. Total length: 240 mm.

0018.10 Clamp

Clamp Clamp with die cast lacquered angular jaws on Ø 10 mm steel shaft. Enables articles from 10 to 40 mm diameter to be clamped securely. Cork lined jaws. Total length: 200 mm.

0018.30 Clamp

Universal ClampClamp with overlapping jaws of lacquered aluminium on Ø 10 mm steel shaft. Enables articles from 2 to 85 mm diameter to be clamped securely. Cork lined jaws. Equipped with a double threaded quick tightening arrangement for ease of use. Total length: 230 mm.

0018.40 Universal Clamp

LabjackStainless steel plates with a fast regulating spindle. Supplied with rubber pads. Table size: 165 x 130 mm. Height variation 62 to 277 mm.

0036.00 Labjack 165 x 130 mm

LabjackStainless steel plates with a fast regulating spindle. Supplied with rubber pads. Table size: 200 x 200 mm. Height variation 62 to 276 mm.

0036.10 Labjack 200 x 200 mm

0018.00

0018.10

0018.300018.40

0036.100036.00


Passion for Science

Boss headDouble boss head in lacquered aluminium with two slots at right angles to take round or square rods from 7 to 16 mm diameter. Total length: 130 mm. Weight: 0.18 kg.

0023.00 Boss head

Universal boss headDouble boss head made of lacquered aluminium, with four slots at right angles to take round or square rods up to 16 mm diameter. With 2 angular screws. Overall length: 55 mm.

0023.10 Universal boss head

Support rod clamp, rotatableThis rotatable double rod clamp is made of pressure cast zinc and finished with lacquer. For support rods from 7 to 18 mm diameter. Total length 155 mm.

0023.20 Support rod clamp, rotatable

Support rod clamp with Ø 10 mm holeDesigned for support of equipment Ø 10 mm support rod. Lacquered, pressure cast zinc. Can be mounted on retort stand rods with a diameter from 7 to 18 mm. Total length: 80 mm.

0028.00 Support rod clamp

Suspension hookSuspension hook made of lacquered aluminium, hook in nickel-plated brass. Clamps on retorts stand rods from 7 to 16 mm diameter. Total length: 130 mm.

0027.00 Suspension hook

0023.00

0023.10

0027.00

0023.20

0028.00


Passion for Science

Retort ring with clampManufactured of nickel plated steel with a clamp for mounting on retort stand rods from 6 - 15 mm in diameter. Ring diame-ter: 60 mm. Total length: 190 mm.

0038.00 Retort ring with clamp

Retort ringAs item 0038.00 but with a ring diameter of 80 mm. Total length 205 mm.

0038.10 Retort ring

Retort ring with clampManufactured of nickel plated steel with a Ø 10 mm support rod. Ring diameter: 80 mm. Total length: 240 mm.

0038.20 Retort ring with clamp

Compressed gassesCompressed gasses in non-refillable flasksContent: 14 L at atmospheric pressure.

No. Compound

0755.10 Oxygen O2

0755.20 Nitrogen N2

0755.30 Carbon dioxide CO2

0755.40 Hydrogen H2

0755.50 Helium He

Necessary equipment:0760.00 Valve for non-refillable flasks

Urine bagsPlastic bag fitted with Ø 6.5 mm plastic tube. Suitable for stor-ing small amounts of gasses.

0731.00 Urine bags

0038.10

0038.00

0038.20

0755.10-50

0760.00

0731.00


Passion for Science

Peristaltic pump• For titration experiments• In connection with column chromatography • For dosage in connection with relay control

The pump works after peristaltic principles with 4 rolling steel cylinders that pushes the liquid through a silicone tube.The motor runs with constant speed at a certain voltage, so it is possible to change the speed by changing the voltage in the range 3-12 V, for short periods of time up to 24 V. Pump capacity: 0-13 mL/min.Dimensions: Height 101 mm, width 51 mm, depth 103 mm

5480.00 Peristaltic pump

pH/mV-meter M350, incl. electrodeBattery operated pH/mV-meter with digital display. Easy to operate and provides fast and reliable results with a reprodu-cibility of 0,01pH. Well suited for field work. Electrode, battery and English manual included.

Specifications:Range: pH: 0.00 – 14.00 mV: ± 1400Accuracy: pH: ± 0.01 mV: ± 1Input impedance: > 1012 Calibration range: pH: ± 1 pH at 25° C mV: ± 60Temperature range: 0 – 100° CBattery indicator: Lo Bat - is shown on displayDisplay: LCD 3.5 digit 12 mmElectrode connector: BNCBattery/ lifetime: 9 V / > 200 timerDimension: 140 x 80 x 35 mm

5412.40 pH/mV-meter M350, incl. electrode

pH - electrodeStandard pH electrode with a measuring range of 0-14. Com-plete with fixed cable and BNC connector. Supplied with a pro-tective cap and epoxy housing

5415.20 pH - electrode, BNC

5412.40

5480.00

5415.20


Passion for Science

SpectrophotometerThis robust single-ray spectrophotometer covers the wavelength range from 200 to 1000 nanometres. Measurements of absorbance, transmittance and concentration are easy to perform. The apparatus is operated via the heavy-duty foil keyboard and a 128 x 64 pixel graphics display.The spectrophotometer is supplied with a sled with room for 4 standard cuvettes so that 3 test samples can be inserted at once along with a reference sample. The instrument is supplied with 4 glass cuvettes. The spectrophotometer connects to a PC through USB.

Technical specifications:Wavelength region: 200-1000 nmBandwidth: 4 nmWavelength accuracy: +/- 1 nmWavelength reproducibility: +/- 0.5 nmWavelength resolution: 1 nmMeasuring ranges: -0.097 to 2.5 A; 0 to 125 %T Light sources: Tungsten and deuterium lampsReadout: 128 x 64 dots LCD displaySize: 480 x 360 x 160 Mm. Power supply: 230/115 VAC selectable

5455.00 Spectrophotometer UV-2100-PC

Hand-held refractometerThis device can measure sugar concentrations in the range 0-32%. A few drops is enough to perform a measurement, and the result can be read at once. The scale is calibrated for sugar concentration because this is of interest in testing of fruit juice, marmalade, wine, etc. Supplied with calibration adjustment screw. Scale resolution: 0.2%. Length: 170 cm. Diameter: 27 mm.

5459.00 Hand-held refractometer, 0-32%

Hand-held refractometerThis device can measure sugar concentrations in the range 0-80%. Liquid honey has about 80% sugar concentration. Supplied with calibration adjustment screw. Scale resolution: 0.2%. Length: 155 cm. Diameter: 30 mm.

5459.10 Hand-held refractometer, 0-80%

5455.00

5459.00-10


Passion for Science

Trolley for compressed gasesTrolley which fits two Ø 102 mm 2-litre and one Ø 165 mm 6-litre steel flasks of compressed gasses. Made of enamelled steel and equipped with rubber wheels.

0750.10 Trolley for compressed gases

Protective screenThree-sided protective screen, 880 x 600 x 6 mm, with two si-des, each 440 x 600 x 6 mm mounted on hinges. This protec-tive screen is self-carrying and can easily be placed anywhere.

0840.20 Protective screen

Personal face shieldMade of unbreakable clear plastic fitted with a metal edge. Mounted on a holder for the head.

0845.00 Personal face shield

Personal safety gogglesMade of unbreakable clear plastic. Can be used over glasses.

0850.00 Personal safety goggles

ApronStrong apron made of plastic covered linen. Size: 68 x 90 cm.

0855.25 Apron

0750.10

0840.10

0840.20

0845.00

0855.25

0850.00


Passion for Science

Portable fume hoodA simple hood, which gives the opportunity of establishing temporarily evacuation. Must be connected to existing ventila-tion. Connecting hose and ventilator is not included.

Technical data:Trolley: Made of Ø38 mm enamelled steed tubes, fitted with 4 rubber wheel, of which 2 can be locked. Upper and lower table measures 79.5 x 56 cm. The upper table has a heat resistant surface and is mounted 97.5 cm above the floor.Hood: Made of clear acrylic fitting the upper table. One full side makes up the sliding front. The actual evacuation is made through a panel at the lower rear end of the hood. This panel is fitted with a hose through the upper table, where connection to ventilation is made.

9012.13 Portable fume hood

Waste trolleyTrolley with 3 large (25 L) plastic containers for liquid waste, one trash bin for common waste and a holder for a roll of paper towels. Trolley made of Ø38 mm enamelled steed tubes, fitted with 4 rubber wheels, of which 2 can be locked. Comes with plastic containers, and labels for containers.

9013.50 Waste trolley

Spare parts:

0539.00 Plastic container with lid, 25 L9013.55 Waste bin with lid

9012.13

9013.50


Passion for Science

Student molecular kit, inorganicWith this kit many compounds – both organic and inorganic – can be build.

The kit comprise: 8 H-atoms (1 hole)2 Cl-atoms (1 hole)3 O-atoms (2 holes)1 S-atom (2 holes)1 S-atom (6 holes)1 N-atom (3 holes)2 N-atoms (5 holes)2 C-atoms (4 holes)1 P-atom (5 holes)2 metal-atoms (1 hole)1 metal-atoms (2 holes)1 metal-atoms (3 holes)1 metal-atoms (4 holes)1 metal-atoms (5 holes)14 short connections14 medium connections7 long flexible connections Supplied in a convenient storage box with a hinged lid.

5250.00 Student molecular kit, organic/inorganic

Student molecular kit, organicWith this kit many organic compounds can be build. The kit comprise: 12 H-atoms (1 hole), 6 O-atoms (2 holes), 3 N-atom (3 holes), 6 C-atoms (4 holes), 15 medium connections and 15 long flexible connections. Supplied in a convenient storage box with a hinged lid.

5250.10 Student molecular kit, organic

Irradiated plastic kitKit with various plastic types, illustrating their different proper-ties.Kit comprises: Irradiated and not-irradiated PE-rods; Irradiated and not-irradiated PE-spheres, PVC-tubing, heat shrink tubes and dry artificial sponges.

5820.00 Irradiated plastic kit

5250.00

5250.10

5820.00

Alphabetic index • 183

Passion for Science

AAbsorber plates . . . . . . . . . 130, 132Absorber plate set . . . . . . . . . . . 132Acceleration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7Acrylic plastic blocks . . . . . . . . . . 46Adapter BNC/double banana plug 86Adaptor, GM tube . . . . . . . . . . . 127Adjustable end stop . . . . . . . . . . . 66Adjustable slit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42Agar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 168Air blower . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66Air probe. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82Air pump . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20Air pump plate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21Air sensor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12Air switch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66Air track . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62Alcohol meter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5Alligator clips. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86Al-Ni-Co . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110Alpha source. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122Aluminium plate . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132Aluminium ring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106Americium-241 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122Americium source. . . . . . . . . . . . 123Ammeter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80Analog student instruments . . . . . 84Angular momentum . . . . . . . . . . . 73Ant farm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165Aperture holder. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41Apertures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42Apparatus for light energy. . . . . . . 57Apron . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 180Aquatic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157Aquatic net . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160Aquatic Net with Handle . . . . . . . 160Aquatic sieve. . . . . . . . . . . . 157, 159Aquatic sieve, reinforced. . . . . . . 159Arc discharge rods . . . . . . . . . . . 107Archimedes cylinder set . . . . . . . . 18Armature. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101Arrow aperture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43Autoranging multimeter. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85

BBalance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3Ball . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16, 98Ball track. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67Banana plug . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86Bar breaking apparatus . . . . . . . . 16Barium-137m . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123Bar magnets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110Barometer, mini. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22Base . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 174Base for optical bench . . . . . . . . . 40Battery box . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31Battery holder . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89Beam balance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3Bell . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21Bell jar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22Bell jar with knob . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21

Bench for experiments . . . . . . . . 130Beta particles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131Beta source . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122Beta spectrometer apparatus. . . 131Bicycle wheel gyro . . . . . . . . . . . . 73Bimetallic strip . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16Biosphere, small . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167Block. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61Blotting paper . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166Blower. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66BNC-plug . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86Bob. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71Boss head. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 176Boyle-Mariotte apparatus . . . . . . . 17Brass rod . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98Bridge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90Bridge with LEDs . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90Brownian motion. . . . . . . . . . . . . 120Bug viewer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 164Built-in tube . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126Bumper fork . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63Bumper plate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63Buoyancy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3, 18Butterfly net . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163Button. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88

CCable for photodetector . . . . . . . . 36Cable, modular plug to jack . . . . 127Cables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86Cage armature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106Calliper . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2Calorimeter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13Can . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18Capacitor Plates – metal net. . . . . 97Carbon dioxide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177Carbon paper . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67Carbon paper discs . . . . . . . . . . . 69Cardboard square for coil . . . . . . 101Cartesian devil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18Cart for air track . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63Cast iron rods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16Cells . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96Cesium-137. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123Cesium-137. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122Chain reaction apparatus . . . . . . 121Chain reaction apparatus . . . . . . 121Chladni plates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28Circular aperture. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43Clamp . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 174Clamp . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 175Clapper board. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9Clock . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6Cloud chamber. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123CO2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123Cobalt-60 source . . . . . . . . . . . . 122coherent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36, 54Coil holder . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105Coils . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101Coil springs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71Coil support, three phase . . . . . . 105Coincidence box. . . . . . . . . . . . . 128

Coincidence experiments . . . . . . 130Collapsible metal can . . . . . . . . . . 18Collector . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105Collision experiments . . . . . . . . . . . 7Collisions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67Colour disc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49Colours . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49Combi electrode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82Commutator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105Commutator contact spring . . . . 105Compass card . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115Compasses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114Components. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89Compressed gasses. . . . . . . . . . 177Compton scattering targets . . . . 125Conducting sphere . . . . . . . . . . . . 99Conductometer. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16Conductor sphere. . . . . . . . . . . . . 97Conical pendulum. . . . . . . . . . . . . 72Conservation of momentum . . . . . 67Contact spring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105Container with lid . . . . . . . . . . . . 181Control transformer . . . . . . . . . . . 50Convection chamber . . . . . . . . . 156Copper electrode . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95Copper nails . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95Cords . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86Cosmic ray . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128Countdown clock . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6Counter. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7, 126C” profile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62Crooke’s Radiometer . . . . . . . . . . 14Crooke’s Radiometers . . . . . . . . . 14Crown glass prism . . . . . . . . . . . . 44Cubes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4Current balance I . . . . . . . . . . . . 117Current direction indicator . . . . . . 91Curved ball track. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67Cuvette . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15Cylinder . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4Cylinders. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13Cylindrical magnet with bearing 110

DDark-field condenser . . . . . . . . . 154Dasymeter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21Datalogging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83Decade resistance box . . . . . . . . . 92Deep sea currents model . . . . . . 156Deflection of beta particles . . . . . 131Demonstration magnetic needle 115Demonstration Multimeter . . . 23, 81Demonstration stopwatch. . . . . . . . 6Density . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5Diaphragm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42Dice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121Dielectric for plate capacitor . . . . 100Diffraction gratings . . . . . . . . . . . . 53Diffraction Kit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , 37Diffusion cloud chamber. . . . . . . 123Digital camera adapter . . . . . . . . 147Digital microscope . . . . . . . . . . . 147

Digital microscopes . . . . . . . . . . 147Digital multimeter . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85Digital scale . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3Digital thermometer . . . . . . . . . . . 12Diode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89Dip needle. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115Dipper. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27Discharge rods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107Discharge tube . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97Doppler effect . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34Double cone . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73Double slit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , 37, 37Double slit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43Dredge net . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161Drive Belts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105Drive belt set. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72Drive pulley . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105Dry ice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123Dual stationary terminal . . . . . . . . 93Dynamometers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

EE10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87E14 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87E27 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87, 47Ear model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171Earthworm viewing chamber . . . 165E-Core . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102Electric bell . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21Electric launcher . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65Electric whirl . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97Electrode holders . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96Electrodes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95Electrolysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94Electrolytic capacitors . . . . . . . . . 89Electromagnetic radiation . . . . . . . 14Electromechanical vibrator . . . 19, 28Electrometer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100Electronic counter. . . . . . . . . . . 7, 66Electroscope. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99Electrostatic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98Electrostatics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97Energy meter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83Energy spectrum . . . . . . . . 124, 131Expansion. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16Experiment lamp. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41Extension sections . . . . . . . . . . . . .40Extraction liquid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123Extra magnification . . . . . . . . . . 154

FFace screen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 180Falling bodies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68Faraday ice pail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99Faraday’s cage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97Female pelvis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 172Fibre optics Set. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55Filters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49Fine metal gauze. . . . . . . . . . . . . , 37Flag for side mounting . . . . . . . . . 64Flag with notch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64Flag with plug . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63

184 • Alphabetic index

Passion for Science

Flat springs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28Flint glass prism . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44Fluorescein . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45Flywheel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138Foil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49Folding magnifier, 10x. . . . . . . . . 164Force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10Fraunhofer Diffraction . . . . . . . . . , 37Free fall . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9, 68Free-fall tube. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68Frequency. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7Fresnel Diffraction. . . . . . . . . . . . , 37Friction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61Friction block . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61“F” slit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43Full wave bridge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90Full wave bridge with LEDs . . . . . . 90Fume hood . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 181Function generator . . . . . . . . . . . . 30

GGalvanic battery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94Galvanometer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80Galvanometer insert . . . . . . . . . . 102Gamma source . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122Gamma spectroscopy . . . . . . . . 124Ganged motors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107Garden in a Bottle. . . . . . . . . . . . 167Gas cuvette . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15Gas Laws . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17Gas model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19Gasoline cannon. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17Gasses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177Gas voltameter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94Gear motor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72Geiger counter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126Geiger counters . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127Geiger-Müller sensor . . . . . . . . . 129Geiger-Müller tubes . . . . . . . . . . 129Generator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30, 72Generator models. . . . . . . . . . . . 103Geometrical optics . . . . . . . . . . . . 46Glass diffraction gratings . . . . . . . 53Glass jar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96Glass plate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48GM counter. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126GM sensor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129GM tube . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129Goggles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 180Gouge auger. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156Grapnel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161Grating model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53Gratings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53Grease . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20Greenhouse effect . . . . . . . . . . . . 15Gyro . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73

HHalogen lamp . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136Hand dynamometer . . . . . . . . . . 169Hand-held refractometer . . . . . . 179

Handle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158Handle with pin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60Hand powered generators . . . . . 107Hand pyranometer . . . . . . . . . . . 134Hand spectroscope . . . . . . . . . . . 52Harmonic motion . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70Harmonic oscillators . . . . . . . . . . . 66H.C. Ørsted’s apparatus . . . . . . . 116Heart model . . . . . . . . . . . . 171, 172Heat capacity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13Heat conduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16Heater . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13Heat expansion. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16Heat pipe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135Heat radiation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14Helium. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177He-Ne laser. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36, 54Herbarium mounting paper. . . . . 166Holder for optical fibre . . . . . . . . . 55Holder for radioactive source . . . 130Holder for screens and mirrors . . . 48Hollow prism. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45Hooke’s law . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70Human brain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 172Hydraulic press. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18Hydrogen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177

IIM-1314.10. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22IM-131410 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82Image formation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48Immersible resistors . . . . . . . . . . . 91Immersion heater . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13Incandescent lamps . . . . . . . . . . . 88Inclined plane . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61Induction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102Induction coil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116infrared . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14Inoculation loop . . . . . . . . . . . . . 168Insect beating tray . . . . . . . . . . . 163Insect sweeping net . . . . . . . . . . 163Insulated cups . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13Insulated rod. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98, 99Insulated stool. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97Interference. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26, 36Ionization chamber . . . . . . . . . . . 100IR detector . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15Iron filings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112Iron weights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60irradiance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134Irradiated plastic kit. . . . . . . . . . . 182IR source . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15Isotope generator . . . . . . . . . . . . 123

JJar. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96Joint Link for optical bench. . . . . . 40Joule’s apparatus . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13Joules law. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

K

Knife switch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88Kundt’s resonance pipe . . . . . . . . 33

LLamp . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41Lamp . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87Lamp holder . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87Lamp holder for spectral lamps . . 50Lamp holders E14/E27 . . . . . . 47, 87Laplace’s law . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117Large area GM tube . . . . . . . . . . 129Laser. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36, 54Laser diffraction kit . . . . . . . . . 37, 55Laser objective . . . . . . . . . . . . 36, 54Laser pointers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54Lead plate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132LED. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120Leidenfrost dish . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16Length. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2Lens and slide holde. . . . . . . . . . . 42Lenses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42Lenses mounted in holder . . . . . . 48Lens in holder . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42, 48Lenz law . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113Lenz’ law. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102Lever. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60Lid for 3015.00 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45Lid for gas voltameter . . . . . . . . . . 94Light . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . IIILight box. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47Light energy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57Light intensity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36Light refraction vat . . . . . . . . . . . . 45Linear Air Track. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62Linear oscillator. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70Liquid level apparatus. . . . . . . . . . 18Liquid sensor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12Lodestone. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110Longitudinal wave . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35Loudspeaker. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31Low pressure sensor . . . . . . . . . . 22Low torque motor . . . . . . . . . . . . 137Lux meter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57

MMagdeburg hemispheres . . . . . . . 22Magnaprobe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118Magnetic braking . . . . . . . . . . . , 102Magnetic field demonstrator . . . . 112Magnetic field pattern . . . . . . . . . 116Magnetic needle . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115Magnetism . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . IIImagnets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110Magnet support for motor/generator . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105Magnifier with handle . . . . . . . . . 164Male pelvis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 172Malt extract. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 168Manual drive pulley . . . . . . . . . . . 105Material samples. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91Mathematical pendulum . . . . . . . . 70

MCA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124Measuring wheel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2Mechanics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . IIIMetal can . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18Metal plated ball . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98Micrometer screw. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2Microphone. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9, 31Micro præp . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 148Microscope, model 100 FL . . . . . 141Microscope, model 100 FL LED 141Microscope, model DualScope . 140Microscope, model Gundlach PrimoX, trinocular. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146Microscope Neo, binocular, 60x 145Microscope Neo, binocular 100x 145Microscope Neo, monocular 60x 143Microscope Neo, vertical tube, 60x . . 144Microscope, Primomic, monocular. . . 142Microscopes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140Mirror . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44, 48Mirror, rotatable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45Molecular kit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 182Momentum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67Motor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137Motor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107Motor for solar cell . . . . . . . . . . . 137Motor/generator . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138Motor / generator . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72Motor/generator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49Motor-generator model. . . . . . . . 106Motor model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103Mounted components . . . . . . . . . 89Multichannel Analyzer. . . . . . . . . 124Multimeter. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81, 85Muon Observatory . . . . . . . . . . . 128

NNa-22 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122Nano-coulomb meter . . . . . . . . . 100Needle on a rod . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106Needle with plug. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63Neo. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144Neodymium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110Neutron. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120Nitrogen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177Non-stabilized power supplies . . . 78Nuclear physics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . IIINutrient agar. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 168

OOil for vacuum pump . . . . . . . . . . 20Optical bench . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40Optical communication. . . . . . . . . 54Optical components . . . . . . . . . . . 43Optical disc. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46Optical fibre . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55Optical gratings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53Optical set. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47Optics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . IIIOptics kit. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46

Alphabetic index • 185

Passion for Science

Optics set . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48Oscillating motion . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70Oscillator. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70Oscilloscope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86Osram. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50Oxygen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177

PPair of tuning forks . . . . . . . . . . . . 34PCA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 168Peltier effect . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24Pelton turbine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138Pendulum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70Pendulum bob . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71Peptone meat extract . . . . . . . . . 168Peristaltic pump . . . . . . . . . . . . . 178Permanent installation . . . . . . . . . 79Permanent magnets . . . . . . . . . . 110Personal face screen . . . . . . . . . 180Personal safety goggles . . . . . . . 180pH electrode. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82pH-Electrode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 178pH/mV-meter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 178phosphorescent screen . . . . . . . . 56Photocell unit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8, 65Photodetector. . . . . . . . . . . . . 36, 55Photoelectric effect. . . . . . . . . . . . 99Photo eyepiece tube. . . . . . . . . . 154Photomultipliers . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125Pico-ampere meter. . . . . . . . . . . 100Pile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94Ping pong ball . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98Pith balls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98Pith ball support . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98Planck’s constant . . . . . . . . . . . . 120Plane mirror . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44, 48Plankton net . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160Plankton tow net. . . . . . . . . . . . . 160Plant press . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166Plastic containers . . . . . . . . . . . . 181Plastic kit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 182Plate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21Plate capacitor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99Plate capacitor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100Plate electrode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95Plexiglas holder. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123Pneumatic lighter . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17Pocket compass. . . . . . . . . . . . . 114Pohl swing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117Portable fume hood . . . . . . . . . . 181Power adapter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127Power adapters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84Power resistors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89Power supplies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76Power supplies for permanent installation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79Power supply . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78Power supply 0-24 V AC/DC. . . . . 76Power supply 1-12 V AC/DC . . . . . 79Power supply 2 - 24 V AC/DC. . . . 79Power supply 24 V AC/DC . . . . . . 78

Power supply - battery box. . . . . . 31Power supply – battery box . . . . . 30Prandtl’s rotating disc . . . . . . . . . . 73Pregnacy pelvis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 172Pregnacy series . . . . . . . . . . . . . 172Pressure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17Pressure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18Pressure sensors . . . . . . . . . . 22, 82Primomic microscopes. . . . . . . . 142PrimoX microscope . . . . . . . . . . 146Prism. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44Prism, hollow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45Prism table . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44Probe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31, 33Profiled rail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40Profile track. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105Propeller . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137Propeller . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138Protective cover for air track . . . . . 66Proton . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120Prytz’ oscillator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70Pulley . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60Pulley blocks in line. . . . . . . . . . . . 61Pulley with plug. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63Pump . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20Pycnometer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5Pyranometer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134Pyrheliometer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134

RRadioactive sources . . . . . . . . . . 122Radiometer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14Rail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40Reaction rod . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169Reaction timer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 170Rectifier. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89Refill for ant farm. . . . . . . . . . . . . 165Reflection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26, 44Refraction . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26, 44, 46Refractometer. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 179Refractometer, salinity . . . . . . . . 161Resistance box . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92Resistor holder . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89Resistors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91Resonance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29Resonance boxes . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34Resonance pipe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32Retort stand base . . . . . . . . . 27, 174Retort stand rods . . . . . . . . . . . . 174Reuter lamp . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41Rheostats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92Ring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29Ring and ball . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16Ripple tank . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26Rod clamp . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 176Rods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 174Rotatable double rod clamp . . . . 176Rotatable mirror . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45Rotating disc. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73Rotation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72Rotational speeds. . . . . . . . . . . . . 74

Rotation stand . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98Round electrodes . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96Ruler . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

SSaddle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40Safety . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 180Safety cables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86Salt content . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5Scale. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3Scintillation Detector . . . . . . . . . . 125Screen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41Seawater. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5Seebeck effect . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24Seed germination chamber . . . . 167Set of lenses 50 mm diameter . . . 42Seven slits. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43Shielded cable . . . . . . . . . . . . 86, 87Shrimp push net . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157Silicone grease . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20SILVA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114Silver electrode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95Simple source holder . . . . . . . . . 132Single phase AC generator . . . . . 103Single slit. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , 37Single slits. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43Skeleton . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171Skin response device . . . . . . . . . 170Sliding saddle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40Sliding Saddle. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105Slinky . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35Slit. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42Slits and filter holder . . . . . . . . 43, 48Slotted weights for air track . . . . . 64Smoke chamber . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120Smoke chamber . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120Smoke lenses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47Snowpack. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123Sodium-22 source . . . . . . . . . . . 122Sodium fluorescein . . . . . . . . . . . . 45Soil pH indicator kit. . . . . . . . . . . 166Soil respirometer. . . . . . . . . . . . . 167Solar cell . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136Solar cell motor. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137Solar cell panels . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137solar energy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134Solar heat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135Solar panels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136sound . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . IIISound level . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38Sound pressure . . . . . . . . . . . 31, 33Source holder . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132Sources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122Spacers for plate capacitor. . . . . 100Specific gravity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4Specific gravity bottle . . . . . . . . . . . 5Specific heat. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13Spectral lamps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50Spectral tube holder/power supply 51Spectral tubes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51Spectrometer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52

Spectrophotometer . . . . . . . . . . 179Spectroscopy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52speed of sound. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9Speed of sound . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8Spiral spring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35Spring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29Springs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29, 71Stability apparatus . . . . . . . . . . . . 60Standard air track accessories . . . 63Stand base . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 174Stand for magnetic needle . . . . . 115Standing waves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32Stand magnifier . . . . . . . . . . . . . 164Statics. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60Stationary terminals . . . . . . . . . . . 93Steel balls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67Steel ball with eyelet . . . . . . . . . . . 71Stefan-Bolzmann Lamp . . . . . . . . 14Stereo microscope . . . . . . . . . . . 149Stereo microscope, 30B. . . . . . . 149Stereo microscope, 30C. . . . . . . 150Stereo microscope, 30LED. . . . . 150Stereo microscope, 40B + 40C . 151Stereo microscope, 60 . . . . . . . . 151Stereo microscopes . . . . . . . . . . 149Stethoscope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169Stirling engine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135Stirrer for calorimeter . . . . . . . . . . 13Stopwatch. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6Storage holder . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122Storage rack . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159String . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29Stroboscope. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74Stroboscope disc . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74Stroboscope unit . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27Strontium-90. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122Student bell jar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22Student gas voltameter. . . . . . . . . 94Student instruments . . . . . . . . . . . 80Student molecular kit . . . . . . . . . 182Student Reuter lamp. . . . . . . . . . . 41Student timer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8Sugar prism . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45Support for bar magnet . . . . . . . 111Support rod clamp . . . . . . . . . . . 176Suspension hook . . . . . . . . . . . . 176Switch. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88Switch box . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65

TTable clamp . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 174Tape for timer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69Tape holder. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69Tape timer. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69Telegraph key . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88Temperature coefficients . . . . . . . 91Terminal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93Teslameter . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118, 131The free fall . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8Thermal conductivity . . . . . . . . . . 16Thermal cups . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

186 • Alphabetic index

Passion for Science

Thermal generator . . . . . . . . . . . . 24Thermal radiation . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14Thermal sensors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12Thermocouple . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12Thermocouple . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24Thermoelectric effect . . . . . . . . . . 24Thermometer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12Thread probe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82Three phase generator model. . . 104Three phase motor . . . . . . . . . . . 104Three-phase transformer . . . . . . 102Ticker tape . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69Ticker tape timer. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69Timer. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8, 69Timer tape holder . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69Torque. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60Torso. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171Transformer set, student. . . . . . . 101Triple slit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43Trolley . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 181Trolley for compressed gases. . . 180Tube with wax and plug . . . . . . . . 63Tungsten filament . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14Tuning fork . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34Two dimensional collision . . . . . . . 67Two-way bug viewer . . . . . . . . . . 164Type K. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

UU-Core . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101U ltra high voltages . . . . . . . . . . . . 97Ultraviolet radiation . . . . . . . . . . . . 56Umbrella dip net . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161Uniform circular motion. . . . . . . . . 72Universal boss head . . . . . . . . . . 176Universal Clamp . . . . . . . . . . . . . 175Universal counter . . . . . . . . . . . . 127Universal motor/generator . . . . . 138Urine bags . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177USB communication adapter . . . 127U-Shaped magnet . . . . . . . . . . . 110UV-2100-PC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 179UVA accessories. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56UVA lamp . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56

VVacuum. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20, 22Vacuum grease. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20Valve . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177Van de Graaff . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97Variable resistors . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92Vibrator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19Vibrator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28Voltaic pile. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94Voltameter. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94Voltmeter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80

WWaste bin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 181Waste trolley . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 181Water dipper . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159Water powered air pump . . . . . . . 20Water sampler . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162

Water waves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26Watt and energy meter . . . . . . . . . 83Watt meter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84Wavelength of light . . . . . . . . . . . . 37Wave machine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35Waves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . IIIWax plates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13Weight for air track . . . . . . . . . . . . 63Weights. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3Weights with hooks. . . . . . . . . . . . 60Whirling apparatus . . . . . . . . . . . . 49White screen. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41Wind mills . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138Wind speed meter . . . . . . . . . . . 138Wire ring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29Wire sensor. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12Wire wound resistors . . . . . . . . . . 89

ZZinc plate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99Zinc sulphide screen. . . . . . . . . . . 56Zoom stereo microscopes . . . . . 152Zoom stereo microscopes Stereozoom . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153Zoom stereo microscope, Stereo-zoom IT-B, binocular. . . . . . . . . . 153Zoom stereo microscope, Stereo-zoom IT-TR, trinocular. . . . . . . . . 153

Article no. index • 187

Passion for Science

0001.00. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 174

0004.00 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 174

0004.10. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 174

0006.00 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27, 70, 174

0008.00 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 174

0008.10. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 174

0008.20 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 174

0008.30 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 174

0008.40 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70, 70

0008.50 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 174

0008.60 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 174

0016.00. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 174

0018.00. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 175

0018.10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 175

0018.30. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 175

0018.40. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 175

0023.00 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 176

0023.10. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 176

0023.20 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 176

0027.00. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 176

0028.00 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 176

0036.00 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 175

0036.10. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 175

0038.00 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177

0038.10. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177

0038.20 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177

0486.05 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 168, 169

0539.00 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 181

0575.20. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

0590.10. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

0690.20 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20

0690.30 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20

0690.40 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20

0695.25 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20

0695.30 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20

0700.10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20

0730.80. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123

0731.00 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177

0750.10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 180

0755.10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177

0755.20. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177

0755.30. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177

0755.40. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177

0755.50. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177

0760.00. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177

0767.28 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142

0767.32 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142

0767.40 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144, 145

0767.50 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145

0767.63 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146

0767.64 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146

0767.65 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146

0767.68 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146

0767.69 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146

0767.70 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146

0767.71 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146

0767.72 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146

0767.73 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146

0767.74 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146

0767.80 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143

0767.85 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143

0767.89 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143

0767.90 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143

0768.15 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147

0768.35. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140

0768.40. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141

0768.45. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141

0768.50. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141

0768.51. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141

0768.60. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142

0768.63. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142, 146

0768.86. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54

0768.87. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141

0768.88. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141

0770.00. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149

0770.25. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149

0770.26. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150

0770.35. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150

0770.40. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151

0770.41 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151

0770.43. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151, 152

0770.50. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151

0770.51 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151

0770.52. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151

0770.53. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151

0770.61. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152

0770.63. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152

0770.77. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150, 151

0770.79. . . . . . . . . . . . 150, 151, 152

0771.10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153

0771.11 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153

0771.15 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154

0771.16 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154

0771.21 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154

0771.22 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154

0771.23 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154

0771.26 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154

0771.27 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154

0771.28 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154

0771.29 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154

0771.30 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154

0771.35 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154

0778.70. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150, 151

0784.19 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 164

0784.22. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 164

0784.25. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 164

0784.30. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 164

0784.85. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 164

0784.86. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 164

0788.50. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 148

0788.51. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 148

0788.52. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 148

0788.53. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 148

0788.54. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 148

0788.55. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 148

0788.57. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 148

0840.20 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 180

0845.00 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 180

0850.00 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 180

0855.25 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 180

0916.00. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

0955.30 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

0960.10. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60

0960.20 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60

0960.30 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60

0960.40 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60

1028.07. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

1028.15 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

1038.00. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

1038.10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

1038.20. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

1038.30. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

1038.40. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

1038.50. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

1038.60. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

1038.70. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

1038.80. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

1039.00. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

1039.10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

1057.10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86

1057.11 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86

1057.12 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86

1057.13 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86

1057.20 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86

1057.21 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86

1057.22 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86

1057.23 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86

1057.40 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86

1057.41 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86

1057.42 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86

1057.43 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86

1057.50 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86

1057.51 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86

1057.52 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86

1057.53 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86

1090.00. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86

1090.20. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86

1090.21. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86

1100.02. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86

1100.75 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36

1110.05 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86

1405.00. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

1405.10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

1420.70 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54

1420.80. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54

1420.95. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54

1428.00. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

1440.00. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

1440.20. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

1440.30. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

1450.50. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

1485.15 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

1492.05. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

1495.20. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

1500.00. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

1500.10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

1510.05 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

1510.10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

1510.80 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

1520.00. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

1520.10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

1530.10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

1530.30. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

1530.90. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

1640.10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18

1650.00. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18

1660.00. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18

1705.00. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138

1732.00. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18

1735.00. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22

1735.01. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22

1735.15 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22

1740.00 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21

1771.10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22

1780.00. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21

1785.10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21

1786.00. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22

1805.00. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17

1876.05. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138

1888.20. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57

1905.00. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60

1905.10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60

1910.02 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60

1910.05. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60

1910.25 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60

1910.55 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60

1910.75 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60

1910.85. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60

1910.90. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60

1920.10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73

1925.00. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61

1925.10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61

1938.10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61

1950.00. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62

1950.02. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63

1950.10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62

1952.00. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65

1955.00. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63

1955.10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63

1955.20. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63

1955.30. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63

1955.40. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63

1955.50. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63

1955.60. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63

1955.70. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64

1955.80. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64

1955.85. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64

1960.00. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63

1960.10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63

1963.00. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64

1965.00. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63

1967.00 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66

1968.00. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66

1969.00. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66

1970.60. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66

1975.15 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65

1975.50. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8, 65

1977.00 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68

1980.10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9, 68

1985.00. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65

1990.00. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68

1992.10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67

1992.20. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67

1997.10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67

1997.20 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67

1997.30 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67

1997.40 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67

1997.50 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67

188 • Article no. index

Passion for Science

1997.60 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67

1997.70 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67

1997.80 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67

1997.85 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67

1997.90 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .67

2002.50. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7, 66, 127

2002.60 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8, 170

2005.00 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69

2005.20 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69

2005.30 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69

2005.70. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69

2005.80 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69

2015.60. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74

2020.00 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74

2020.10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74

2025.00 . . . . . . . . . 49, 72, 104, 138

2025.50. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72

2037.00. . . . . . . . . 72, 103, 104, 105

2070.10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72

2085.00 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60

2095.00 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60

2106.30. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61

2106.40. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61

2115.10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67

2135.00. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73

2136.00. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73

2155.10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71

2155.20. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71

2155.30. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71

2155.40. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71

2155.50. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , 29

2155.65. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35

2155.70 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35

2155.80. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71

2160.00. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71

2160.10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71

2165.00. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71

2165.10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71

2177.10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71

2180.00. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70

2182.10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70

2185.00. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19, 28

2185.10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29

2185.25. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28

2185.30. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29

2185.40. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29

2185.55. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19, 29

2211.00 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26, 27

2212.00. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35

2220.00 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34

2225.00. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34

2230.01. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34

2235.00 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34

2240.00. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34

2240.10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34

2245.20. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34

2475.00. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33

2480.10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32

2482.00. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

2485.10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9, 31

2503.50. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30

2505.00 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31

2510.51 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31

2515.50. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31, 33

2515.60. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31

2528.30. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38

2606.10. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

2606.15. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

2606.50 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

2606.51. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

2606.52 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

2606.53 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12, 82

2635.00 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16

2648.00 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17

2649.00 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17

2660.20 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16

2660.25 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16

2665.00 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16

2669.05 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135

2670.00. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16

2688.00 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156

2690.00 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16, 91

2690.10. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16

2693.00 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135

2695.00 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

2695.10. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

2700.00. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

2725.10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

2730.01. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

2730.05. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

2740.00. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

2740.05. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

2740.10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

2745.00. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

2745.10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

2770.22. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

2800.30 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41

2800.50 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41

2800.55 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41

2801.15 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136

2801.25. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136

2830.50 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50

2830.65 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50

2835.00 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50

2835.20 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50

2835.30 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50

2835.40. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50

2835.50 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50

2836.10. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50

2836.50 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50

2836.55 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50

2836.60 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50

2836.65 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50

2836.70. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50

2836.75. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50

2850.00 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51

2850.10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51

2850.20. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51

2850.25. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51

2850.30 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51

2850.40. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51

2850.50. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51

2850.60. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51

2850.70. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51

2851.10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51

2851.20. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51

2851.30. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51

2851.50 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51

2851.80. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51

2855.70. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51

2871.00 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56

2872.10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56

2872.81. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

2874.00. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15

2874.30. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15

2874.60. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15

2874.80. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15

2885.00 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36, 54

2885.10. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36, 54

2885.20 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36, 54

2886.10. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55

2886.50 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55

2887.00. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55

2900.00 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46

2902.00 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46

2902.01. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42

2903.00 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42

2903.10. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44

2905.00 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46

2905.10. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46

2905.20 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46

2905.30 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46

2905.40 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46

2905.50 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46

2905.60 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46

2908.00 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46

2912.00. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47

2935.00 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47

2946.00 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40

2946.10. . . . . 40, 103, 104, 105, 130

2946.20 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40

2946.30 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40

2946.35 . . . . . . . . 40, 103, 104, 105

2946.40 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40

2946.45 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40

2946.46 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40

2946.50 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40, 130

2950.10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42

2950.20 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42

2950.30 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42

2950.40. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42

2950.80 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43

2960.00 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42

2965.00 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48

2965.10. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48

2965.20 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48

2965.30 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48

2970.00. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48

2985.00 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44

2985.15. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44

2985.20 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44, 52

2985.30 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44, 52

2990.00 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44

3000.00 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45

3006.00 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43

3006.10. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43

3006.20 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43

3010.00. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43

3010.05. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43

3010.10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43

3010.20. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43

3015.00. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45

3015.10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45

3025.00 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45

3040.00 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48

3040.20 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44, 48

3050.00 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48

3055.10. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41

3075.00. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56

3075.10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56

3076.00. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56

3085.00 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49

3085.10. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49

3085.20 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49

3085.30 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49

3089.00 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49

3089.10. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49

3089.20 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49

3089.30 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49

3089.50 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49

3089.60 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49

3090.90 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49

3098.00 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156

3200.00 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49

3202.00. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49

3207.00. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57

3210.05. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52

3215.30. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52

3230.00 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42

3230.10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43

3240.00. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37

3240.10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43

3244.00. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53

3245.00. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53

3245.10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53

3245.20. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53

3250.00. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53

3250.10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53

3250.20. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53

3250.30. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53

3255.05. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53

3255.10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53

3260.00 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53

3270.00. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56

3270.11 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56

3272.00. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , 37

3300.00 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110

3305.00 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110

3305.01. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110

3305.10. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103, 110

3305.30 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111

3308.10. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111

3315.00. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110

3315.10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110

3315.30. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111

3318.00. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111

3318.10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111

3318.20. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111


Passion for Science

3320.00 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110

3320.10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104, 110

3330.00 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111

3375.00. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112

3390.00 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111

3395.20 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112

3396.10. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113

3396.20 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113

3400.10. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114

3405.05 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114

3405.10. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114

3405.15. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114

3405.18. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114

3407.00. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115

3410.00. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115

3415.00. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115

3420.00 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115

3425.00. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115

3430.00 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115

3435.00 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118

3521.10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89

3522.00. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94

3522.01. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94

3522.02. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94

3522.03. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94

3550.10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84, 127

3550.35 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84

3550.50. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3, 84, 127

3550.52. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84

3610.55. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79

3610.65. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79

3616.00. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78, 79

3616.01. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78

3618.70. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78, 79

3640.10. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76

3630.22 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79

3640.00 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76, 79

3655.75. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77, 79

3655.80 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77, 79

3670.60. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77, 79

3700.60. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97

3705.00. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97

3810.60. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80

3810.70 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80

3810.80. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80

3862.15 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85

3862.25. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85

3862.30 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85

3867.70 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23, 81

3868.01. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82

3868.05 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82

4000.40 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86

4060.50 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118, 131

4065.50 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84

4075.50. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83

4120.00. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87

4120.10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87

4125.00. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87

4130.00. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87

4130.10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47, 87

4130.20. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47

4140.00. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88

4145.00. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88

4150.00. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88

4160.00. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89

4205.05 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89

4205.25 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89

4205.30 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89

4205.35 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89

4205.40. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89

4205.45 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89

4205.50. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89

4205.56. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89

4205.61. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89

4205.66 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89

4220.50. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92

4220.60. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92

4220.70. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92

4220.80. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92

4220.90 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92

4236.00 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92

4236.10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92

4240.10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91

4240.20. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91

4240.30. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91

4250.05. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88

4250.10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88

4250.15 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88

4250.20. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88

4250.25. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88

4250.30. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88

4250.35. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88

4250.40. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88

4250.45. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88

4255.20. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88

4280.00. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88

4285.20. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97

4300.70. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89

4315.10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100

4315.30. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99

4316.00. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100

4316.80. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100

4340.00 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89

4345.00 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90

4346.00 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90

4347.10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91

4347.20. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91

4350.00 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93

4350.10. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93

4350.20 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93

4350.30 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93

4380.00 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98

4380.10. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98

4380.20 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98

4380.30 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98

4385.00 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98

4390.00 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98

4390.10. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98

4390.21 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98

4395.00 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98

4400.00 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98

4405.00 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98

4407.00. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98

4410.00. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99

4410.02. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99

4410.03. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99

4410.30. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100

4410.35. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100

4415.00. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98

4425.00 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99

4428.00 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99

4430.00 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97

4435.00 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97

4440.00 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97

4445.00 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97

4450.00 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98

4495.00 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96

4497.10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96

4498.00 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95

4498.05 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95

4498.10. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95

4498.20 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95

4498.30 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95

4500.00 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95

4500.05 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95

4500.10. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95

4500.20 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95

4500.30 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95

4500.95 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95

4510.00. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95

4510.10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95

4510.20. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95

4510.30. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95

4510.40. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95

4510.50. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95

4510.60. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95

4510.70 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95

4513.00. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96

4515.10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96

4517.00 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95

4530.00 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94

4530.05 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94

4530.10. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94

4550.00 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116

4550.10. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116

4550.20 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116

4552.00. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101

4555.00 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117

4555.10. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117

4556.00 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116

4557.10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116

4562.10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21

4565.00 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117

4565.10. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117

4602.10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113

4602.20 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , 102

4615.10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107

4625.10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101

4625.17 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101

4625.20 . . . . . . . . . . . 101, 103, 104

4625.22 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101

4625.25. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101

4625.27. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101

4625.30 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101

4625.40. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101

4630.00 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101

4630.10. . . . . . . . . . . . 101, 103, 104

4630.20 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101

4635.00 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102

4640.00 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102

4706.00. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106

4708.00. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103, 105

4708.10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103, 105

4708.20. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103, 105

4708.30. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103, 105

4716.10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107

4720.10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107

4724.00. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107

4735.00. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104, 105

4750.10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104, 106

4750.20. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104, 106

4755.10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104, 106

4865.00 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24

4875.00. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24

4885.00 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136

4885.10. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136

4885.30 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137

4885.35 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136

4885.38 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136

4885.41. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137

4885.42 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137

4885.43 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137

4885.44 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137

4885.51. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55

4890.00 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134

4890.10. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134

4890.20 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134

4895.50 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36, 55

5005.00 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137

5005.10. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137

5010.00. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138

5015.00. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137

5037.20. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135

5046.00 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138

5046.05 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138

5060.00 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120

5100.00. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122

5100.10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122

5100.20. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122

5100.30. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122

5100.35. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122

5100.37. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122

5100.40. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122

5105.05. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123

5105.10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123

5112.00 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123

5112.05 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123

5120.00. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123

5125.15 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129

5125.25 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129

5125.32. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132

5125.60. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127

5125.65. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127

5125.75 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127

5135.45. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126

5135.65. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129

5135.70 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129

5136.00. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126


Passion for Science

5138.00. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128

5140.05. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132

5140.06. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132

5140.10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132

5140.11 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132

5140.12 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132

5140.13 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132

5140.14 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132

5141.00 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130

5141.01 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132

5141.05 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131

5141.10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130

5141.80 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132

5141.95 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130

5142.00 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128

5150.00. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120

5150.10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120

5160.00. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121

5160.01 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121

5161.00 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120

5161.10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120

5165.00. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131

5180.00. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124

5185.00. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125

5190.00. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125

5250.00. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 182

5250.10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 182

5412.40 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 178

5415.20. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82, 178

5455.00 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 179

5459.00 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 179

5459.10. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 179

5459.13 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161

5459.20 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45

5480.00 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 178

5656.10. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147

5820.00 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 182

5952.00. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121

7575.44. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165

7575.45. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165

7601.02. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157

7606.20 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158

7606.21. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158

7606.22 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158

7606.23 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158

7606.24. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158

7606.25 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158

7606.95 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159

7608.00 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157

7608.001. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157

7608.08 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158, 159

7608.011. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157

7608.18. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158, 159

7608.20 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158, 160

7608.22 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158, 160

7608.30 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158, 160

7608.31. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160

7608.40 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158

7608.60 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160

7608.69 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163

7608.74. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160

7609.00 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157

7609.01. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161

7610.00. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160

7610.10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160

7610.50. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157

7612.01 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163

7612.52 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163

7612.55 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163

7612.62 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163

7615.50. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165

7630.10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167

7631.00. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166

7631.01 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166

7631.03. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166

7631.05. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166

7670.01. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161

7670.12 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161

7670.15 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162

7670.17 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162

7670.27. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158, 159

7675.10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165

7680.06 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156

7680.08. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156

7701.10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171

7720.16 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171

7720.17 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171

7730.25. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171

7734.00. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171, 172

7742.00. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 172

7742.01 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 172

7742.02. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 172

7742.03. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 172

7742.04. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 172

7800.04 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169

7802.73. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 170

7802.78. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 170

7815.00. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169

7850.12 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169

7895.10. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167

7895.20 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167

7960.15. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156

7960.20 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156

8007.18 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 168

8007.28. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 168

8007.38. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 168

8008.18. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 168

8008.28 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 168

8008.38 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 168

8284.38 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156

8298.00 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45

8299.00 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45

8478.80. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166

8478.81. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166

8833.00-3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28

9012.13 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 181

9013.50. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 181

9013.55. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 181

890100-1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20


Passion for Science

passion for science

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