Patcham Additives forPatcham Additives for Compositesp

Complete Package of variousComplete Package of various additives and its performances

ContentsContents

• UPR Industries• Patcham AdditivesPatcham Additives

DefoamersSurface ModifiersRheology ModifiersRheology ModifiersWetting and Dispersing AgentsCo catalyst replacement

UPR and Related Resin IndustryyUnsaturated Polyester Resin

• Product of chemical reaction of saturated and unsaturated di‐carboxylic acids with alcoholsC li k d ith i l ti ill f hi hl• Cross‐linked with a vinyl reactive monomer will form highly durable structures and coatings

• Utilized globally for the manufacture of products such as:g y pSanitary‐ware pipes, Tanks,  Gratings,  Marine,  Automotive industryBuilding and construction

Current Market TrendCurrent Market Trend

By end use• Wind Energy• Wind Energy• Construction• Transportation• Consumer GoodsOth (A t ti M i G l t• Others (Automotive ,Marine, Gel coats etc…)

Patcham Additives Application in UPR Systems 

Pi t Di i• Pigment Dispersions• Gel Coats• SMCs• BMCs• PulltrusionsPulltrusions• Clear Top Coats• Hand Lay ups• Spray applicationsSpray applications

Patcham AdditivesPatcham Additives

Defoamers Leveling Additive Rheology Modifier

Pat‐Add AF 75 Pat‐Add LE 1065 Pat‐Add Rheol 253Pat‐Add AF 76 Pat‐Add LE 1065 Pat‐Add Rheol 253

Pigment Dispersion, Anti Flooding and Floatation Accelerators for curing

Pat‐Add DA 2702Pat Add DA 2702Pat‐Add DA 2047 Patcure 2716 

DefoamersDefoamers

Defoamer should have limited solubility (incompatibility)in the coating and side effects such as crater formation.

Lower surface tension.Works through direct destruction of macro foam at theair interface and by avoiding major air entrapment.

Free from defects

Ecology IncompatibilityEcology IncompatibilitySelection of defoamer

1 Defoamer emulsified into fine droplets and combine1. Defoamer emulsified into fine droplets and combinewith stabilizing surfactant layer and penetrate in tothe foam lamellathe foam lamella.

2. Spread across the disrupted surfactant layer.3 The film exhibits lower elasticity which leads to3. The film exhibits lower elasticity which leads to

destabilization of lamella.4 Destabilization leads to the rupture of the lamella4. Destabilization leads to the rupture of the lamella.

Mechanism of Defoaming 

Coalescence of micro bubbles

Deaerators (non polar) are oriented in such a way tosurround the air bubbles.

These bubbles come together and fuse to form bigger airbubbles. Fusion takes place because of the reducedinteraction of deaerator and binderinteraction of deaerator and binder.

At this moment coalescence takes place and leads to thebigger bubble formation.gg

Stoke’s law – Bigger air bubbles moves with higher velocity than small bubbles.

Pat‐Add AF 75

Polymeric de aerator and defoamer for use in UP

Patcham defoamer

Polymeric de‐aerator and defoamer for use in UP systems, gelcoats. 

Demonstrates fast de airing and excellent Demonstrates fast de‐airing and excellent compatibility with a wide variety of systems at low dosagesdosages

Physical CharacteristicsAppearance  :  Clear colourless liquidViscosity @ 25°C,  :  <75 cPSpecific gravity @ 25°C, approx  :  0.890 Composition  :  organic polymer compound 

in hydrocarbon solventin hydrocarbon solvent Solid Content(120°C/1 Hr.)  :  38.0± 2.0% 

Pat‐Add AF 75Performance test in Iso‐UPR  against Reference 1

l k dd fl k dd f Blank Pat‐Add AF 75 Ref 1Blank Pat‐Add AF 75 Ref 1

• Pat-Add AF 75 is suitable for avoiding air entrapment in ambient curing system as well as pulltrution process of compositescomposites.

Pat‐Add AF 75Performance test in Iso‐UPR  against Reference 1

Test Formula

Pat‐AddPROPERTIES BLANK Pat‐Add 

AF 75Reference

1RAW MATERIALS Blank Pat‐Add

AF 75 Refernce 1

UPR 100 00 100 00 100 00Appearance of Solution Clear Clear Clear

UPR 100.00 100.00 100.00

Co (Accelerator 1.50 1.50 1.50

Solution

Rate of Defoaming 3 1 1

Defoamer ‐‐ 0.15 0.15

Appearance after curing (from 

Transparent with 

entrapped  Opaque OpaqueHardener (MEKP) 2.00 2.00 2.00

TOTAL 103.50 103.65 103.65

g (moulded  panels)

ppmicro foam

p q p q

Pat‐Add AF 75Performance test in Iso‐UPR  against Reference 2

PROPERTIES BLANKPat‐AddAF 75

Reference 2

Appearance of Solution Clear Clear Slight hazy

Rate of Defoaming* 3 1 2

Appearance after curing (from moulded  panels)

Transparent with 

entrapped micro foam

Slight Opaque

Opaque

Bl k P t Add AF 75 R f 2Blank                   Pat‐Add AF 75              Reference 2

Pat‐Add AF 76

Silicone‐free, polymeric de‐aerator and defoamer for

Patcham defoamer

Silicone free, polymeric de aerator and defoamer for use in UPR systems, as well as in PUR and epoxy systems. 

Demonstrates fast de‐airing and excellent compatibility with a wide variety of mentioned resins based formulationsformulations. 

Especially recommended for clear, transparent systems.

Physical Characteristics

Appearance  :  Clear colourless liquid Viscosity @ 25°C, : <25 cPViscosity @ 25 C,  :  <25 cPSpecific gravity @ 25°C, approx  :  0.890 Composition  :  organic polymer compound in 

hydrocarbon and ester solvents 

Pat‐Add AF 76Performance test in UPR Clear Laminates against Reference 3

Blank           Pat‐Add AF 76          Ref. 3 Blank           Pat‐Add AF 76          Ref. 3

ISOPHTHALIC UPR SYSTEM ORTHOPHTHALIC UPR SYSTEMBenefits of Pat‐Add AF 76

Highly recommended for clear laminates Produce good appearance Maintains and does not alter film properties of laminatesp por composites

Role of additive in reduction in surface tensionAddition of small quantity of Polysiloxane reduces surface tension of liquid.

Liquid surface tension > Liquid surface tension is q fsubstrate surface energy reduced and is now <

than substrate energy

Liquid will  not spread or it will bead up on the surface.

Liquid will spread or “wet out” the surface. 

Pat‐Add LE 1065

ffi i f i difi ff i

Patcham Surface Modifier

Efficient surface tension modifier, effective at very low concentrations Promotes film levelling and avoiding formation of craters Provides excellent surface smoothness, slip and mar resistance counteracts pigmentand mar resistance, counteracts pigment floating S it bl f i i t d ll Suitable for use in pigmented as well as clear coating systems.

Performance of Pat‐Add LE 1065 in white top coat formulationin white top coat formulation

Parameters LE 1065 Reference 4Gloss @ 200 94 83 5

Pat‐Add LE 1065 Reference 4

Raw Materials % WtGloss @ 20 94 83.5Gloss @ 600 98.5 97.8After stabilityGloss @ 200 85.9 44.3Gl @ 600 93 8 86 7

Ortho UPR 100TiO2 15Patcure 2716 0.25LE 1065/Gloss @ 600 93.8 86.7

Craters rating 0 5LE 1065/ Reference 4 0.6

RheologyRheology

Rh l i th t d f fl d d f tiRheology is the study of flow and deformation 

of materials under applied forcesof materials under applied forces

• When a force is applied to a liquid, the liquid will

flow to relieve the strain from this force

• Different systems will resist this flow differently from

other and the measurement of the resistance of theother and the measurement of the resistance of the

system is the measure of viscosity of the system

Classifications on the basis of RheologyClassifications on the basis of Rheology

Rheology

Newtonian Rheology

Non‐ Newtonian Rheology

Pseudo plastic Dilatants Thixotropic

Different flow profilesNewtonian fluid is independent of shear rate

p

Example‐Water, Certain oils

Pseudoplastic ‐ Decrease in viscosity when the shear rate is increasedp y

Example‐Emulsions, suspensions , dispersions, paint, ink and adhesive systems

Thixotropic ‐ Viscosity decreases with increase in shear rate until aThixotropic ‐ Viscosity decreases with increase in shear rate until a

minimum is reached. Once the shearing force is stopped the viscosity

recovers over time.

Dilatant ‐ Increase in viscosity as the shear rate increases (shear

thickening).

Example‐highly concentrated suspensions or slurriesp g y p

Different Shear Profiles

Pseudoplastic

VIS

Dilatant

COSITY Newtonian

SHEAR RATE ( S‐1)

Different Shear Profiles

VIS

Thixotropic

COS

Viscosity Decrease

ITY

Viscosity Recover

SHEAR RATE ( S‐1)

The viscosity decreases with increase in shear rate until a minimum is reached.Once the shearing force is stopped the viscosity recovers over time

Different Rheology demand for the paintDifferent Rheology demand for the paint

Classifications of Rheology Modifiers (Functional Group)

Rheology Modifiers

Clays

Cell lose deri ati es (CMC /HEC )Cellulose derivatives  (CMC /HEC ) 

Acrylic Thickeners ( ASE )Acrylic Thickeners ( ASE )

Hydrophobically Modified   Alkali Swellable Emulsions  (HASE)y p y ( )

Hydrophobically modified  Ethoxylated Urethanes (HEUR) 

Rheology of UPR SystemsRheology of UPR Systems• F d ili d l b d dditi d lid thi t• Fumed silica and clay –based additives are used as solid thixotropes

to control UPR formulations. These materials through hydrogenbonding are able to create three‐dimesional network which resultto pseudoplastic and thixotropic flow behaviorto pseudoplastic and thixotropic flow behavior.

• Enhance and boost the three dimensional structure by liquidrheology modifier is added to improve thixotropy and even reducethe loading of clays and fumed silicathe loading of clays and fumed silica.

Pat Add Rheol 253Pat‐Add Rheol 253

Fumed Silica

Three dimensional network boost by Pat‐Add Rheol 253 

Pat Add Rheol 253Pat‐Add Rheol 253

A liquid rheology modifier for use in UP systems, gelcoats. y g

Contributes to the formation of a thixotropical structure and reduces risk ofthixotropical structure and reduces risk of separation. 

Demonstrates excellent compatibility with a wide variety of systems.wide variety of systems.

Performance of Pat‐Add Rheol 253

Formulation Rheol 253 Reference 5

UPR Resin 86.72 86.72• Rheol 253 does not require any chemical

ti tiPat‐Add Rheol 253 0.13 ‐‐

Reference 5 ‐‐ 0.13

Pat‐Add AF 75 0.5 ‐‐

activation.

•Rheol 253 is liquidReference 1 ‐‐ 0.5

Pat‐Add LE 1065 0.3 ‐‐

Rheol 253 is liquid Rhelogy Modifier which contributes thixotropical

Reference 4 ‐‐ 0.3

Pigment R 902 7.8 7.8

Aerosil 200 2 2

structure and reduce risk of sedimentation in UPR

l t tCobalt 1% drier 2.55 2.55

Total 100.00 100.00

gel coat system.

Viscosity measured in Cps

Performance of Pat‐Add Rheol 253Viscosity measured in Cps

3500040000

After 12 hr Viscosity

25000

30000

35000 Initial Viscosity

100001500020000250003000035000

10000

15000

20000

25000

05000

10000

6 10 20 30 60Rheol 253  Ref.5

0

5000

6 10 20 30 60Rheol 253  Ref.5

30000

After 1 week Stability Viscosity25000

After 1 Month Stability Viscosity

10000

15000

20000

25000

10000

15000

20000

0

5000

10000

6 10 20 30 60

h l f

0

5000

6 10 20 30 60

Rheol 253 Ref 5 Rheol 253  Ref.5Rheol 253  Ref.5

Colorants for UPR SystemColorants for UPR System Multi compatible: the best dispersing agent for UPR Multi compatible: the best dispersing agent for UPR pigment concentrates High pigment and filler loadings for pigment High pigment and filler loadings for pigment concentrates Robust stabilization of gel coats Enhanced brilliance of color and transparency for organic pigments Improved opacity for opaque and inorganic pigments Improved opacity for opaque and inorganic pigments Improved leveling, high gloss and color strength

Pat Add DA 2047Pat‐Add DA 2047

S d i i id iStrong adsorption properties onto a wide variety of pigment surfaces

Excellent dispersion stabilityLow viscosity for high loading pigment y g g p gdispersions 

Produce high transparency for fine particle sizedProduce high transparency for fine particle sized pigments. 

Pat-Add DA 2047R i Mi i l Pi t C l t

Guideline Formulations for UPRResin Minimal Pigment Colorants

Raw Materials PW 6 SP.Black 4 PB 15:3

Mill basePat‐AddDA 2047

Ref 6Pat‐Add     DA 2047

Ref 6Pat‐Add DA 2047

Ref 6

Saturated Polyester 33.00 33.00 25.00 25.00 48.00 48.00

Additive 5.00 5.00 15.00 15.00 14.00 14.00

Pigment 60.00 60.00 15.00 15.00 14.00 14.00

Letdown

Saturated Polyester 2.00 2.00 45.00 45.00 24.00 24.00

Total 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00Total 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00

%SOP 2.50% 2.50% 30.00% 30.00% 30.00% 30.00%

Initial viscosity of millbase

1081 1100 432 789 1553 1396millbase

Final viscosity of PC. 950 930 1754 2289 1243 1236

Grinding time: 1 hr 1 hr 1 hr 30 min. 1 hr 30 min 2 hr 2 hr

RPM 4000 4000 5000 5000 5000 5000RPM: 4000 4000 5000 5000 5000 5000

Pat-Add DA 2047

Color Measurement

Resin Minimal Pigment Colorants

Opacity(Mass tone)

PW 6 SP.Black 4 PB 15:3

Pat‐Add    DA 2047

Reference 6Pat‐Add      DA 2047

Reference 6Pat‐Add      DA 2047

Reference 6

Over White

L* 96.86 96.47 2.09 2.88 33.32 29.86

a* ‐0.22 ‐0.06 0.07 ‐0.05 ‐39.36 ‐35.56

b* 2 98 3 12 0 26 0 29 29 06 29 06b* 2.98 3.12 ‐0.26 ‐0.29 ‐29.06 ‐29.06Tinting Strength(10% Reduction)

Color Values

L* NA NA 54.28 51.28 67.51 68.19

a* NA NA ‐0.88 ‐0.60 ‐20.45 ‐20.15

b* NA NA ‐2.49 ‐1.59 ‐29.83 ‐28.91

Pat-Add DA 2047Resin Minimal Pigment Colorants

White TR 902                            Special Black 4                       Phthalo Blue 15:3

f f fDA 2047                   Reference 6   DA 2047                   Reference 6   DA 2047                   Reference 6  

Pat-Add DA 2047R i Mi i l Pi t C l t

ld li i i SO h h li S

Resin Minimal Pigment Colorants

Mold application in ISO Phthalic UPR System

Pat Add DA 2702Pat‐Add DA 2702

Wetting and dispersing additives for dispersion of commonly used fillers such as p ycalcium carbonate and aluminiumtrihydroxide (ATH)trihydroxide (ATH). 

Reduces compound viscosity so that a h h f ll l h blhigher filler loading in the resin is possible. 

Pat‐Add DA 2702Test formulation for fillers – CaCO3

RAW MATERIALSPat‐Add DA 

2702Reference 

7Ortho UPR 59.64 59.75Dispersant 0.36 0.25CaCO3 40 40Total 100 100

ISO UPR 59.64 59.75Dispersant 0.36 0.25CaCO3 40 40

lTotal 100 100

Pat‐Add DA 2702Pat Add DA 2702Anti Settling Properties

Properties PAT‐ADD DA 2702 Reference 7

Ortho UPR ISO UPR Ortho UPR ISO UPR

Initial Viscosity In Krebs 118.1 106.4 114 121After 24 hrs Viscosity in K b

117.7 102.3 117.7 122.6KrebsDEGREE OF SEPARATION(Actual Inspection) No Separation No Separation( p )

Note: Stability test is being continued.

Pat‐Add DA 2702

ISO PHTHALIC UPR SYSTEM

Anti Settling Properties

ISO PHTHALIC UPR SYSTEM

ORTHO PHTHALIC UPR SYSTEMPat‐Add DA 2702 Reference 7

Pat‐Add DA 2702 Reference 7

Patcure 2716 and Cobalt Octoate 6%Patcure 2716 and Cobalt Octoate 6%

G S SGEL TIME STUDIES 

GEL TIMES(TYPICAL VALUE 18 – 28 MINUTES)

PATCHAM 2716(23 minutes)

COBALT OCTOATE 6%(22 minutes)

APPEARANCE OF CASTING COLORLESS AND CLEAR PURPLE AND CLEAR

* Typical formulation: Resin 100 gms, Accelerator 0.25 gms, MEKP 1.5 gms

Patcure 2716 Cobalt Octoate 6%

THANK YOUTHANK YOU

Disclaimer:While every effort is made to provide accurate and complete test results for The PATCHAM ADDITIVES, various data may vary depending upondifferent raw materials, test procedures and test conditions. The accuracy, reliability, or totality of the results are not guaranteed or warranted inany way. PATCHAM FZC and its representatives disclaim liability of any kind whatsoever, including liability for quality, performance and fitness for ay y p y y , g y q y, pparticular purpose arising out of the use, or inability to use the test results.

Reference ProductReference Product

Reference 1 Pat‐Add AF 75 BYK A555Reference 2 Pat‐Add AF 75 BYK A501Reference 3 Pat‐Add AF 76 BYK A500R f 4 P t Add LE 1065 BYK 330Reference 4 Pat‐Add LE 1065 BYK 330Reference 5 Pat‐Add Rheol 253 BYK R605Reference 6 Pat‐Add DA 2704 BYK W972Reference 7 Pat Add DA 2702 BYK 980Reference 7 Pat‐Add DA 2702 BYK 980