patholgy practical revision - semester 3 [8] - by shy you
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Identification [diagnosis]
Organ [State the name of organ]
Say if the organ is complete, cut
opened, cross-sectioned, or only a partof it is present. (Sometimes a group of
organs are present. Ex. Group of lymph
nodes)
Comment [Description]
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10 things to think of [Jar] Number External surface Site Size Shape Colour Consistency
Contents CoverCapsule Cut section
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1. Caseating tuberculous lymphadenitis.2. Non-caseating granuloma.
Gumma of testis
3. Non-caseating granuloma.Gumma of liver
4. Metastasis in Liver.5. Ulcerative carcinoma, Colon.
6. Multiple uterine leiomyomata.
7. Benign (mature) cystic teratoma, Ovary.
8. Benign papilloma, Skin.Compound [Branching], Squamous
9. Squamous cell carcinoma, Skin.
10. Basal cell carcinoma, Skin.- Rodent ulcer
11. Lipoma (benign tumor), Subcutaneous tissue.
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Caseating tuberculous lymphadenitis
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Non-caseating granulomaGumma of testis
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Non-caseating granulomaGumma of testis Organ: Testis & spermatic cord [Section]
Comment:
Testis: Enlarged.
Gumma (lesion):
Multiple in number.
Variable in size.
Colour: Greyish-white. Shape: Serpigenousoutline (irregular).
Consistency: Rubbery.
Well circumscribed.
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Non-caseating granulomaGumma of liver
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Non-caseating granulomaGumma of liver
Organ: Live. [Slice of sectioned liver] Comment:
Liver:
Slightly enlarged.
Irregular external suface.
Gumma:
Single.
Subcapsular (Peripheral) Colour: Greyish-white.
Shape: Serpigenous outline.
Consistency: Rubbery.
Well circumscribed.
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Metastasis in Liver
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Metastasis in Liver Organ: Slice/Piece of liver. [Section]
Comment:
Liver:
Enlarged.
External surface: Irregular.
Metastatic masses:
Uncapsulated.
Irregular sizes and shapes. Invading the surroundings.
Number: Multiple.
Site: Subcapsular(at periphery).
Central umbilications.
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Ulcerative carcinoma, Colon
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Ulcerative carcinoma, Colon Organ: Piece of colon. [Open] Comment:
Tumor:
Single, Large, Ovoid, Non-capsulated,Irregular, Invading the surronding tissues.
Ulcer: Number: Single.
Size: Large. Edge: Everted & Raised.
Margins (Outlines): Irregular.
Floor: Dirty, nectoric.
Base: Hard, fixed, indurated.
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Multiple uterine leiomyomata
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Multiple uterine leiomyomata Organ: Uterus, with adenxia [Section]
Comment: Uterus: Enlarged.
External surface: Irregular (nodular). Narrowing of uterine cavity.
Tumor: Number: Multiple.
Size: Variable. Shape: Regular; oval or rounded.
Capsule: Non-capsulated [False capsule] => Well-defined, well circumscribed.
Cut section: Whorly appearance.
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Benign(mature)cystic teratoma, Ovary
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Benign(mature)cystic teratoma, Ovary
Organ: Ovary.[Open]
Comment:
Ovary:
Enlarged.
Replaced by tumor tissue.
Tumor:
Large.
Cut section: Unilocular cyst. Lumen: Contains hair, bone, teeth, sebaceous
secretions, skin.
B i ill Ski
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Benign papilloma, SkinCompound [Branching], Squamous
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B i ill Ski
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Benign papilloma, SkinPapillary skin lesion Organ: Skin (excisional biopsy), [Cut section]
Comment:
Papilloma:
Large.
Enlarged.
Cut section: central brownish cores.
Covered by skin.
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Squamous cell carcinoma, Skin
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Squamous cell carcinoma, Skin Organ: Piece of skin.
Comment: Tumor:
Malignant.
Single.
Non-Capulated. Invading the surroundings.
Ulcer: Single.
Large.
Edges: Raised & Everted.
Margins: Irregular outline.
Floor: Dirty, necrotic.
Base: Large, fixed, indurated.
Basal cell carcinoma Skin
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Basal cell carcinoma, Skin- Rodent ulcer
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Basal cell carcinoma Skin
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Basal cell carcinoma, Skin- Rodent ulcer
Organ: Piece of skin. Comment:
Malignant tumor: Single.
Small. Non-capsulated.
Rodent ulcer: Number: Single.
Size: Small. Edge: Raised, Inverted (rolled in), beaded.
Floor: Dirty, necrotic.
Margins: Irregular outline.
Base: Hard, indurated.
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Lipoma (benign tumor), Subcutaneous tissue
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Lipoma (benign tumor), Subcutaneous tissue Organ: Piece of skin, subcutaneous tissue.
Comment:
Thin capsule.
Not invading.
Regular.
Colour: Yellow.
Consistency: Soft.
Touch: Greasy.
Appearance: Fatty.
Cut section: Lobulated surface.
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Things to think of [Slide] Cells
Arrangement
Shape
Stroma C.T.
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A. Lipoma.B. Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC).
C. Basal cell carcinoma (BCC).
D. Adenocarcinoma, Colon.
E. Early (Non-caseating) TB.
F. Late (Caseating) TB.
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Lipoma
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Lipoma
Benign tumor Organ: Skin and subcutaneous tissue.
Cells:
Adult, mature, fat cells.
Aggregated, proliferated.
Stroma:
Thin capsule.
Thin traversing connective tissue fibers.
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S ll i
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Squamous cell carcinoma
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S ll i
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Squamous cell carcinoma
Organ: SkinDermis containing tumors. Cells:
Arranged in irregular massescell nestsepithelial pearls.
Masses: Outer layer: Columnar
Middle layer: Polygonal
Inner layer: Flat cells, with central keratinization. Shape: Pleomorphism, hyperchromatism,
few mitotic figures.
Stroma: Scanty C.T. stoma.
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S ll i
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Squamous cell carcinoma
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S ll i
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Squamous cell carcinoma
ou
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Squamous cell carcinoma
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Squamous cell carcinoma
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Basal cell carcinoma
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Basal cell carcinoma
Organ: Skin, ulcerative epidermis. Cells:
Arrangement:
Irregular masses, different in size and shape. Geographical appearance.
Shape:
Tall, columnar/basaloid cells.
Peripheral nuclear palisading manner.
Stroma: Retracted C.T. stroma.
ou
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Basal cell carcinoma
ou
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Basal cell carcinoma
ou
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Basal cell carcinoma
ou
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Adenocrcinoma colon
ou
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Adenocrcinoma colon
Organ: Part of colonic wall. Cells:
Glandular arrangement, of different sizes
and shapes. Multiple, irregular acini.
Shape: Pleomorphism, hyperchromatism,
abundant mitotic figures.
Stroma: C.T. stroma between cells.
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Adenocrcinoma colon
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Adenocrcinoma colon
Normal colon
Adenocarcinoma ofcolon
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Non-Caseating granuloma
ou
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Non-Caseating granuloma
Early TB in a lymph node. Tubercles:
Multiple.
Different in sizes and shapes. Epithelioid macrophages.
(Large, faint cytoplasm, elongated vesicular nucleus)
Multinucleated giant cells:
Nuclei arranged in horse-shoe pattern[Langhans Giant cells]
Nuclei irregularly scattered [Foreign body type]
Non Caseating granuloma
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Non-Caseating granulomaEarly TB
Non Caseating granuloma
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Non-Caseating granulomaEarly TB
Non Caseating granuloma
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Non-Caseating granulomaEarly TB
Non-Caseating granuloma
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Non-Caseating granulomaEarly TB
You
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Tuberculous Caseous Lymphadenitis
You
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Tuberculous Caseous Lymphadenitis
Late TB in a lymph node. Inflammatory cells (epithelioid cells,
lymphocytes, Langhans giant cells): Forming
poorly-developed tubercles. Large area of caseation:
Homogenous, structureless.
Faint, eosinophilic, pink. Granular.
Tuberculous Caseous Lymphadenitis
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Tuberculous Caseous Lymphadenitis
Tuberculous Caseous Lymphadenitis
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Tuberculous Caseous Lymphadenitis