patient specific induced pluripotent stem-cell models for long-qt syndrome

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Luz Eugenia Pérez Jaramil 3rd Semester UPB- MEDICINE STUDENT. Patient-Specific Induced pluripotent Stem-Cell Models for Long-QT Syndrome Alessandra Moretti, Ph.D.

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Page 1: Patient specific induced pluripotent stem-cell models for long-qt syndrome

Luz Eugenia Pérez Jaramillo

3rd Semester

UPB- MEDICINE STUDENT.

Patient-Specific Induced pluripotent Stem-Cell Models

for Long-QT SyndromeAlessandra Moretti, Ph.D.

Page 2: Patient specific induced pluripotent stem-cell models for long-qt syndrome

Long QT Syndrom

e

Autosomal

dominant disease

Prolonged ventricular

repolarization phase

Risk of sudden cardiac death

due a ventricular

tachyarrhythmia

Characterized

Page 3: Patient specific induced pluripotent stem-cell models for long-qt syndrome

T: Ventricular repolarization R: Ventricular despolarization

REPOSE

P: Auricular despolarization

Page 4: Patient specific induced pluripotent stem-cell models for long-qt syndrome

MUTATION IN THE KCNQ1 GENE

Encoding

KvQTI protein (alpha subunity of the Iks Canals)

TIPE I

Page 5: Patient specific induced pluripotent stem-cell models for long-qt syndrome

STEM CELLS Characterized by the ability to renew

themselves through mitotic cell division and differentiate into a diverse range of specialized cell types.

Embryonic stem cells Adult stem cells

From the inner cell mass of blastocysts

That are found in adult tissues

Page 6: Patient specific induced pluripotent stem-cell models for long-qt syndrome
Page 7: Patient specific induced pluripotent stem-cell models for long-qt syndrome
Page 8: Patient specific induced pluripotent stem-cell models for long-qt syndrome

INDUCED PLURIPOTENT STEM CELLS

Type of pluripotent stem cell artificially derived from a non- pluripotent cell, typically an adult somatic cell, by inducing a "forced" expression of specific genes.

Page 9: Patient specific induced pluripotent stem-cell models for long-qt syndrome

(1)Isolated and growth the donant cells.(2)Make a transfection of gene stem cells from

the donor cells by means of viral. (3)Cells were growth with strategies for

growing stem cells using mitotically inactive fibroblasts

(4)A small subset of these transfected cells become induced pluripotent stem cells

Page 10: Patient specific induced pluripotent stem-cell models for long-qt syndrome

STEM CELLS IMPORTANCE Offers the opportunity to produce large

numbers of patients -pecific Stem cells. If someone has certain cells that don’t

function properly or that have been damaged, then stem cells could be used to replace those damaged cells.

Page 11: Patient specific induced pluripotent stem-cell models for long-qt syndrome

In this study for example; these showed the capacity of these cells to give rise to functional cardiomyocytes that recapitulate the electrophysiological characteristics of the disorder.

Page 12: Patient specific induced pluripotent stem-cell models for long-qt syndrome

OBJETIVE Observe induced stem-cell models of

patient-specific with long- QT Syndrome.

Page 13: Patient specific induced pluripotent stem-cell models for long-qt syndrome

METODOS

Page 14: Patient specific induced pluripotent stem-cell models for long-qt syndrome

HISTORIA CLINICA Y FENOTIPO GENETICO

HIPERACTIVO

CON DEFICIT DE ATENCION

EN ELECTROCARDIOGRA

MA

INTERVALO QT LARGO

MUTACION EN EL GEN KCNQ1 (CAMBIO DE BASE (569G→A)

Page 15: Patient specific induced pluripotent stem-cell models for long-qt syndrome

Miembros de sexo Masculino

Miembros de sexo Femenino

Miembros con el SQTL

Miembros no afectados.

Los metodos geneticos mostraron que los miembros de esta familia tenia la misma mutacion heterocigotica, confirmando por esto la herencia autosomica dominante en esta familia.

•El abuelo y la tia han reportado periodos de discinecia y palpitaciones.

Abuelo: 70 años

Papá: 42 años

Page 16: Patient specific induced pluripotent stem-cell models for long-qt syndrome

GENERACIÓN DE CÉLULAS MADRE PLURIPOTENCIALES DE PACIENTES ESPECÍFICOS

Se cortan y se

ubican en

Cajas de cultivo

Fibroblastos

Infectados

Con una combinación de retrovirus:OCT3/4, SOX2, KLF4, and c-MYC

Page 17: Patient specific induced pluripotent stem-cell models for long-qt syndrome

DESPUÉS DE 6 DÍAS

Células infectadas

Se sembraron en

Murino embrionarias

Colonia de células madre

HASTA QUE APARECEN

Page 18: Patient specific induced pluripotent stem-cell models for long-qt syndrome

(Células madre pluripotentes inducidas)

Page 19: Patient specific induced pluripotent stem-cell models for long-qt syndrome

DIFERENCIACIÓN CARDIACA IN VITRO

3 día- Indujeron las células madres pluripotenciales como cuerpos embrionarios separando las células madre

4 día- El medio fue reemplazado20% suero fetal bovino

Page 20: Patient specific induced pluripotent stem-cell models for long-qt syndrome

7 día- Los cuerpos embrionarios fueron recubiertos por gelatina.

20-30 días- Las áreas que mostraron excitación espontanea (indicativo de diferenciación cardiaca), fueron micro disecadas y recubiertas por Fibronectina y suero fetal bovino (2%)

Page 21: Patient specific induced pluripotent stem-cell models for long-qt syndrome

EVALUACIONES DE INMUNOHISTOQUIMICA

Nanog (Abcam), TRA-1-81 (BD Pharmingen), cardiac troponin T (Lab Vision),α-actinin (Sigma–Aldrich), myosin light chain 2a and myosin light chain 2v (Synaptic Systems), KCNQ1 (Abcam),y proteina disulfido isomerasa (Abcam).

Page 22: Patient specific induced pluripotent stem-cell models for long-qt syndrome

ENSAYOS DE REACCIÓN EN CADENA DE LA POLIMERASA

(PCR)

Para amplificar la región mutada del gen KCNQ1para secuenciación.

Para la evaluación de la expresión de los genes de pluripotencialidad, transgenes retrovirales, y marcadores de linaje celular.

Page 23: Patient specific induced pluripotent stem-cell models for long-qt syndrome

PROPIEDADES DE LAS CÉLULAS MADRE

Page 24: Patient specific induced pluripotent stem-cell models for long-qt syndrome

La trasncriptasa inversa (RT)- PCR se utilizo para marcar los fenotipos de miocardiocitos individuales.

Page 25: Patient specific induced pluripotent stem-cell models for long-qt syndrome

RESULTADOSGeneración de células madre pluripotenciales

-Cambio de base 569G → ACÉLULAS CONTROL CÉLULAS DE SUJETOS CON SQTL

NO se presento SI se presento

Page 26: Patient specific induced pluripotent stem-cell models for long-qt syndrome

- Presencia de genes pluripotenciales en cada una de las capas embrionarias. (clones de células madre embrionarias)

(PDX1, SOX7, y AFP)

(CD31, DESMIN, ACTA2, SCL, MYL2, y CDH5)

(KTR14, NCAM1)

Page 27: Patient specific induced pluripotent stem-cell models for long-qt syndrome

VALORACION DEL TIPO DE SINDROME DE QT LARGO

Focos de contratación comenzaron a aparecer después de aprox. 12 días de diferenciación.

Adaptación en pacientes con SQTL

Page 28: Patient specific induced pluripotent stem-cell models for long-qt syndrome

PAPEL DE R190Q-KCNQ1

Con el uso de RT-PCRSe

observo

KCNQ1

Fueron similares en células control y las de los sujetos con SQTL

Page 29: Patient specific induced pluripotent stem-cell models for long-qt syndrome

Ubicación del KCNQ1 en la celula

CÉLULAS CONTROL CÉLULAS DE SUJETOS CON SQTL

En la membrana En el interior de la célula junto  proteína disulfuro isomerasa

Page 30: Patient specific induced pluripotent stem-cell models for long-qt syndrome

ANALISIS ELECTROFISIOLOGICO DE LOS CANALES K+

CÉLULAS DE SUJETOS CON SQTL

•Disminución notable en canales de K+•Disminución en canales Iks

Page 31: Patient specific induced pluripotent stem-cell models for long-qt syndrome

ACCION PROTECTORA DE LOS BETA BLOQUEADORES

OBSERVARON Arritmias

Análisis de efectos de las catecolaminas en la fase ventricular.

ISOPROTERENOL

•Simpaticomimético•Recep. B adrenérgicos

20% el potencial de repolarización (en células control Y NO EN LAS QUE TENIAN SQTL)

EFECTO CRONOTROPICO POSITIVO ( FREC.CARD)

Page 32: Patient specific induced pluripotent stem-cell models for long-qt syndrome

DISCUSSION

Page 33: Patient specific induced pluripotent stem-cell models for long-qt syndrome

CONCLUSIONAt present, stem cells are already

used in cell therapies for treatment of some cancer types but this use is still small in the scheme of diseases affecting humans today.

Page 34: Patient specific induced pluripotent stem-cell models for long-qt syndrome

Nowadays the human genetic disorders can be studied in the physiologic and disease-causing contexts on a patient-specific level.

Their importance ranges from an understanding of the principles behind human development to the cell based therapies addressing those aspects that go awry during development and lead to disease.

Page 35: Patient specific induced pluripotent stem-cell models for long-qt syndrome

The wide range of cell types and tissues that may develop from stem cells represent a biological system that mimics many of the complex interactions of the cells and tissues of the body, and as such, provides an attractive and valuable screening tool.

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Page 37: Patient specific induced pluripotent stem-cell models for long-qt syndrome

THANKS!!!!