Heat Storage in the Energy Transition

Paul Baudry – EDF/R&D

March 18th 2015

I EDF I Recherche & Development I October 2012

About EDF/R&D

Consolidating and developing a decarbonated

production mix:

Nuclear advantage

Development of renewable energies

Steering the energy demand:

Knowledge of the demand

Energy Efficiency

Smart cities

Adapting the electrical system:

Management of electrical facilities

Development of transmission infrastructures

EDF / R&D - Energy in building and territories

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20

40

60

80

100

120

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Chauffage fossile

Cuisson fossile

ECS fossile

Chauffage Bois

Chauffage elec

Climatisation

Eclairage

Cuisson elec

ECS elec

Electricité spécif ique

Bâtiment France 2005 Energie en TWh/mois

Understand and anticipate

energy demand and power needs

Develop tools in support

of services to EDF

customers

Increase flexibility

of energy use

Assess and accelerate

the development of low

carbon technologies

Support the development

of renewable technologies

Increasing

volatility

(fossils fuels

prices, policies)

Increasing

Urbanisation

(new customers

with new needs)

Increased

Energy needs

(Emerging

countries)

A changing energy world

Energy transition challenges

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Sustainability

concerns

(climate change) Smart use of

energies

Electricity and thermal energy are an integrated energy system

Flexibility provides global optimisation

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Source: IEA 2014

Heat technologies and networks

Consume less, better, and with more flexibility

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Low temperature

networks

Very High

Temperature

Heat Pumps for

waste heat

Water

Heaters

CHP

(Combined

Heat & Power)

Heat

Storage Building

isolation

Renewables

(biomass, solar,

geothermia )

System planning & operation

Modelling & optimisation

tools Low flexibility

/Must run

Must run

Heat Pumps

Cold technologies and networks : A strong link with the electrical sector

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Cold Storage

Building

isolation

Compressors

System planning & operation

Modelling & optimisation tools

Reversible Heat Pump

Heat Electricit

y

Reversible Heat Pump

-Distributed Heat storage & solar

- Water heater : 20 TWh of flexibility in France

- Nice Grid : coupling solar & water heater

-Optimisation of CHP output

- Produce electricity at the right time

- Avoids part load use of CHP (yield)

-Optimisation of a district heating network

- Optimisation of must run output • Geothermia, solar, waste heat

- Heat grid congestions

Storage to couple and optimize energies use

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Technological challenges for heat storage

3 main technological streams

Remark : the costs mentionned concern the storage system without engineering & installation costs 9

Still strong needs for RD&D

Sensible Heat

Latent

Heat

Chemical -

sorption

- Commercial level

- Pilots for high

temperature solar

applications

-50 kWh/m3

- 10-60

€/kWh

- Simple design

- Reduced

OPEXes

- Commercial level

- Pilots for high

temperature solar

applications

-100-150

kWh/m3

- 45-55 €/kWh

- High density

- Non toxic

- Prefered for

cold applications

- Commercial level

- Pilots for high

temperature solar

applications

-300-500

kWh/m3

- 300 €/kWh

- Very high density

- Very reduced

losses over long

periods

- Good dynamic

Cold

water

from

network

Hot water

to

network

Hot fluid

Hot fluid

Paraffin

wax

Extractio

n of

heat/cold

when

needed

Discharge

(adsorption)

Charge

(adsorption)

Heat

Water

molecules

3 avril 2012 10

R&D including PCM : Stock-aiR2 project

Air/air Heat Pump coupled with

Phase Change Material in high

energy performance building (100

m2 dwelling)

Infra-day peak shaving : 18h00-

20H00 during winter

Energy storage period optimizing

load curve and heat pump effiiency

(afternoom : higher ambiant

temperature)

Energy storage and heat power requirements :

4kWh

2kW

Deux voies distinctes :

Voie a (ARMINES-CEP, AIRWELL)

PAC air-air multisplit

Voie b (INSA Lyon-CETHIL, RIBO)

PAC air-air centralisée

Example of result for Text = 7°C

Energie storage :2.07kWh,

Power : 1200W

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Pu

issa

nce

s (W

)

Tem

pé

ratu

res

(°C

)

21-22 octobre 7°C ventil. 20% TeUIm °C TeUEm °C

Tcomfort °C Ta_s_mcp

TsUIm Qa m3/h

Pth W Pmcp W

Stabilisation à 1.3kW de déperditions avant charge36°C en sortie échangeur MCP en fin de chargeConfort environ 20°C en fin déchargeCharge incomplète au bout de 6hDécharge 1h50

Thermal storage creates value at a system level

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Thermal storage

Primary

ressources Generation Transport Distribution Consumption