USER’S MANUALTABLE OF CONTENTS The Survivors 2 Introduction 3 Menu 3 Home Page 4 Viewing the Testimonies 5 Overview 6 Map Detail 7 Timeline 8 Index 8 Reference Library 9 Credits 10

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Silvia On the day the Germans took control of Austria in 1938, Silvia, a 19-year-old actress, left Vienna with a traveling theater troupe. For the next two years, she was just one step ahead of the Nazis. Then, in 1940, Germany invaded the Netherlands and Silvia found herself trapped in an occupied country. At first, despite gradual German restrictions on rights and freedoms of Jews, Silvia continued living and working as normal. In July 1942, when the Germans began mass deportations to Auschwitz and other death camps, Silvia responded by joining a resistance group. When the operation was uncovered in late 1942, she went into hiding. Attempting to escape to Switzerland, Silvia was captured by the Germans in Brussels, Belgium, and trans-ported to Malines, a transit camp. From there, she was sent to

Auschwitz and then to Ravensbrueck, a concentration camp for women. In early 1945, Silvia managed to get herself included in a Red Cross evacuation of 700 women from Ravensbrueck. In the chaos of war, British planes bombed the transport as it made its way to Sweden. Silvia was one of only 120 women to survive the journey.

Sol Sol was born in 1926 in Dovhe, a small town in Czechoslovakia. Shortly before his thirteenth birthday, German troops occupied the country. Adolf Hitler ceded the nation’s Carpathian region, including Dovhe, to Hungary in exchange for its support. At first, the Jews of Dovhe experienced few changes in their daily rou-tines. Then, little by little, they, like other Jews in Hungary, were identified, isolated, and ultimately deported to Auschwitz where most were murdered. Sol, his father, and his uncle managed to survive. They were transferred to Erlenbusch, a slave labor camp in eastern Germany. As the war drew to a close, the camp’s prisoners were forced on a two-week death march to the Bergen-Belsen camp. When Sol’s uncle was unable to keep up, he was shot. Just weeks after the men arrived at the dangerously overcrowded camp, the British army liberated it. The British soldiers arrived too late to save Sol’s father, who died of typhus a few days later. Sol is the only member of his family who survived the war.

Bert Born in Germany in 1925, Bert grew up in the same community as his father, grand-father, and great-grandfather before him. They all regarded Gemunden, a small, predomi-nately Christian town, as their home. Bert describes the changes that took place there

after Adolf Hitler came to power in 1933. Gradually, Jews in Gemunden were stripped of their rights and isolated from their neighbors. Then, in December 1941, they were pushed onto cattle cars and transported to the Riga Ghetto in Latvia, thousands of miles from home. After the Nazis evacuated the ghetto in 1943, Bert, and later his father, were among those transported to a nearby concentration camp, Kaiserwald, and then to another camp, Stutthof in Poland. As the Soviet army pushed closer and closer to the camp in 1945, Bert and all of the other prisoners in Stutthof who were able to walk were forcibly marched to the town of Danzig. Those who survived the march were herded onto a barge and towed out to sea with no food or water. After six unspeakable days, British soldiers rescued Bert and a few other survivors.

Paula Paula was born in Ostrowiec, Poland in 1933 — the year Adolf Hitler became chancellor of Germany. His armies invad-ed Poland just three weeks before Paula’s sixth birthday. In the years that followed, her parents, brothers, and sisters helped keep her alive by hiding her in the Ostrowiec Ghetto and later in a slave labor camp built within its borders. But there were no safe places for Jewish children in Nazi-occupied Europe. In 1944, Paula and her family, along with the other surviving Jews in the labor camp, were shipped to Auschwitz. There Paula was separated from her family and held in a special children’s block where she remained until the Soviet army liberated the camp in 1945.

The Survivors

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System Requirements1

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Short definit ions and captionsAll captions and short defini-tions appear in the box at the bottom of the screen. Captions are available for nearly every pho- tograph in the

When read-

ing the

Silvia On the day the Germans took control of Austria in 1938, Silvia, a 19-year-old actress, left Vienna with a traveling theater

troupe. For the next two years, she was just one step ahead of the Nazis. Then, in 1940, Germany invaded the Netherlands and Silvia found herself trapped in an

o c c u p i e d country. At first, despite g r a d u a l G e r m a n restrictions

on rights and freedoms of Jews, Silvia continued living and working as normal. In July 1942, when the Germans began mass depor-tations to Auschwitz and other death camps, Silvia responded by joining a resistance group. When the operation was uncovered in late 1942, she went into hiding. Attempting to escape to Switzerland, Silvia was captured by the Germans in Brussels, Belgium, and transported to Malines, a transit camp. From there, she was sent to Auschwitz and then to Ravensbrueck, a concentration camp for women. In early 1945, Silvia managed to get herself included in a Red Cross evacuation

of 700 women from Ravensbrueck. In the chaos of war, British planes bombed the transport as it made its way to Sweden. Silvia was one of only 120 women to survive the journey.

Sol Sol was born in 1926 in Dovhe, a small town in Czechoslovakia. Shortly

before his thirteenth birthday, German troops occupied the country. Adolf Hitler ceded the nation’s Carpathian region, including Dovhe, to Hungary in exchange for its sup-

The IntroductionAfter the exhibit loads the introduc-tion will play. You can bypass this introduction by pressing the space bar on your keyboard. Following the introduction, you automatically enter the Home Page. A Menu button is visible in the lower left side of the screen.

The Menu but-ton activates the Menu. Moving the cursor to another part of the screen deactivates the Menu.

The Home Page is the starting point for viewing survivor testimonies. It is also the only place to change from year to year.

Click the Overview but-ton to watch an illustrated historical summary of the current year, and to explore the changing map of Europe.

Map Detail is an interactive, close-up map of the regions of Europe to which the survivors travel during the war years.

MenuThe Menu provides access to all tools on the exhibit. It can be opened at any time by clicking the Menu button in the lower left corner of the screen. Though it is the primary navigational device

on the exhibit, it does not allow changes from year to year — this must be done on the Home Page.

Timeline provides a comprehensive historical summary of the war years. Its eight categories chronicle significant events in the survivors’ lives as well as in the Holocaust and World War II, in the United States, and around the world.

The Index is a search-able database of many of the terms and concepts addressed in the exhibit. It also contains transcripts of survivor testimonies and year-ly historical overviews.

A dedicated Internet site provides access to the study guide, aca-demic resources, links, updates, and other materials for further research.

The speaker button pro-vides a slid-ing volume control.

Click Quit to exit the program.

To change years, click any of the buttons on this list. The Home Page is the only place on the exhibit that enables you to move from one year to another.

Home PageThe Home Page is the starting point for exploring the testimonies of Bert, Paula, Silvia, and Sol, the four featured survivors of the Holocaust. Their testimonies, like most of the material on the exhibit, are organized year by year.

The Menu button links you to other tools for fur-ther explora-tion.

The survivor buttons rep-resent Bert, Paula, Sol, and Silvia. Click any of these four buttons to begin explor-ing a survivor’s story.

Click the Play button to view a survivor’s testimony from the beginning of the selected year. A guide to this interac-tive experience begins on the next page.

After choosing a survivor’s story on the Home Page, you can navigate directly to spe-cific chapters of that story. Click on “chapter titles” to access a list of chapters, then click on any chapter title to begin watching the corresponding chapter. The list features chapters that are available in the exhibit.

Using the interactive featuresFollowing each chapter, a panel appears in the upper left corner of the screen. This panel allows further explora-tion of the topics and photographs introduced in the chapter.

Viewing survivor testimoniesOnce you have chosen a survivor’s story that you would like to follow and the year in which you would like to begin, click Play to view the tes-timony. Each chapter of the survivors’ stories includes an introduction by Winona Ryder or Leonardo DiCaprio and a presentation of related

photographs. Most are between one and two minutes long.

Use these buttons to scroll through a selection of related topics...

The photograph appears on the screen...

...and click here to review a photograph and read its caption.

Browse through a selec-tion of photographs rel-evant to the chapter...

...and click this button to read about unfamiliar or complex issues.

...and its caption simul-taneously appears in this box.

Click to stop viewing the current testimony and advance to the interactivity panel.

Click to proceed to the next chapter of testimony.

Navigational buttonsClick this button to move to the previous chapter of testimony.

Click to restart the current chapter.

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To deactivate the Mini-Map, click the triangle in the lower right corner of the Mini-Map box.

Click this button to activate the Mini-Map.

To move from year to year in the Map Detail tool, use the Menu to proceed to the Home Page, select another year from the year list, and return to Map Detail.

To navigate from one part of the map to another, use the mouse to move this rectangle.

The Mini-MapMap Detail features a retractable Mini-Map that shows the visible geographical region in the context of a full map of Europe. All areas near where the survivors travel can be reached through the Mini-Map.

Use the Menu to move from Map Detail to any other tool, such as the Overview and its interactive, full-screen map of Europe.

The Key illustrates the com-plex alliances and occupa-tions of World War II.

Roll the cursor over a survivor button to view a brief summary of the survivor’s experiences in that location during the current year. Click the button to view a box containing a list of relevant testimo-ny chapters. Click any chapter title from that menu to begin viewing the survivor’s testimony.

Map DetailThe Map Detail tool contains an interactive map of Europe for each year. You can use each of these maps to find the survivors and explore their surroundings, or to learn about the changing borders of Europe and the prominent cities and Nazi camps that are featured on the map.

To navigate from one location to another in Map Detail, click on the map and drag with the mouse button held down.

Roll over any of the cities or camps on the map to view a short update of its significance for the given year.

Roll the cursor over any segment of a survivor’s path to learn details of the jour-ney.

Click this button to stop the presenta-tion and advance to interactive features.

Overview Click the Overview button on the Menu for a historical and geograph-

ic overview of the selected year. Each year’s overview is approximately two minutes long. Alternately narrated by Winona Ryder and Leonardo DiCaprio, these presentations include map illustrations, archival film footage, and historical photographs that place the survivors’ testimonies in a larger context.

Use the Key to better understand the political and military alliances of World War II. The four buttons represent:

• Neutral countries;• Allied nations (and,

after 1942, liberated regions);

• German-allied & German-dependent states;

• Greater Germany & occupied lands.

Using the interactive featuresFollowing each overview pre-sentation, the map becomes available for exploration. Additionally, a panel appears in the upper left corner of the screen.

Rolling the cursor over a country on the map produces a brief update on its status in the war or in the Holocaust.

Click this button to restart the over-view for the cur-rent year.

MapsThere are nine sepa-rate maps in the Overview tool: one for Before the War, one for each year from 1939 to 1945, and one for After the War. The borders, warfronts, and territories are drawn to be accurate on the month indi-

To move to the Overview for another year, open the Menu and select the Home Page. On the Home Page, choose another year from the list and then return to the Overview.

The timelines are linked to an extensive Reference Library of definitions and other resources.

TimelineThe eight categories of the T imeline provide extensive historical background and context for the survivors’ experiences. The buttons along the top of the T imeline refer to the following sections:

• Bert, Paula, Silvia, and Sol; • Holocaust; • War in Europe; • War in the Pacific;

• Europe — on the Homefront; • U.S. — on the Homefront; • U.S. — on the Political Front; • Around the World.

The timeline is organized by month. Use these arrows to switch months.

Click to access additional citations for the current month.

To move from year to year: click the Menu button, use the Menu to access the Home Page, change years in the Home Page year list, return to the Menu, and click the Timeline icon.

Many of the timeline sec-tions contain an occa-sional month for which no information is avail-able. In case of a blank screen, proceed to the next month.

InternetUsers of the exhibit have access to a site on the Internet that contains a comprehensive study guide, as well as links, papers, updates, and other materials for further research. To access the Internet site, click on the Webpage button on the Menu.

IndexThe Index is an alphabetical glossary and research tool. Plain text transcripts of dictionary definitions and Reference Library pages are available in the Index, as are transcripts of overviews and survivor testimony chapters. Transcripts of the yearly historical overviews are listed under Overview. Transcripts of the survivors’ chapters of testimony are organized chrono-logically after the survivors’ names.

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Executive Producers June Beallor James Moll

Producer, Concept, & Art Direction Stephanie Barish

Programming Kevin Burkhardt Johnny Liu

Chief Historian Dr. Michael Berenbaum

Historians Dr. M. Gregory Kendrick

Dr. Jill Fields Dr. Jonathan Friedman Dr. Michael Nutkiewicz

Writer Scott Chamberlin

Original Music Nathan Wang

Pre-Production Writer Gregg Rossen

Copy Editors Faigy Avnon Jana Gustman

Production Supervisor Jack Ludden

Clearances Sidney Sherman

Legal John Moll

Accounting Joshua Levy

Production Manager Justin Mitchell

Lead Graphic Artist Patrick Skidmore

Graphic Artist William Lanni

Sound Editor and Mixer Phillip Etting

Video Editor Richard Kreitman

InternsMaggie Cohen

Dariush Derekshani Allysa Katz

Daniel Rhone Jon Spence

Marcel Valcarce

Our sincere gratitude to Leonardo DiCaprio and Winona Ryder for donating their talents and time.

Special thanks to:

Andersen Consulting for development assistance, Steven Arnold, Larry Atil, William Butterfield, Reine Cadoch-Delmar, Amparo Carrillo, Matthew Chuck, Kathleen Cohen, Jeff Cooper, Dr. Hank Dardy, Barbara De Lury, Marc Engel,

Glen Entis, Jesse Evans, Facing History and Ourselves, Sofia Fernandez, Jessica Goeller, Barry Goode, Sam Gustman, Joshua Harris, Steven Herndon,

Laurel Jones, Mike Kim, Toni King, Edith Klein, Kristin Knight, Brigitte Lacombe, Richard Lapin, Conall McCarthy, Franceil Masi, Sandy Milrad,

Elizabeth Mitchell, Mike Mlynarczyk, Martin Moakler, Bill Nehring, Andy Nicastro, Loy Pai, Charles Polanski, Tim Purnell, Mark Radke,

José Rodriguez Pozeilov, Chaim Singer-Frankes, Isabel Smith, Marielle Smith, Jim Strauss, Jackye Swidler, Serina Tremayne, Lee Wind, Bryan Yates

and

the management, staff, and volunteers at Survivors of the Shoah Visual History Foundation.

Accompanying Study Guide Made possible by a generous grant from EMC Corporation.

Additional support provided by the Robert Russell Memorial Foundation.

Survivors: Testimonies of the HolocaustProduced in association with

Maxell Corporation of America and Burda Media.

When reading Reference Library pages, find and access links to other pages in order to explore fur-ther concepts as they are introduced. As you explore, your path will be followed by a series of buttons in the left column of the page. These buttons allow you to track your research, return to previous pages, and return to the location from which you first accessed them.

Use the elevator to scroll through the def-initions, descriptions, and other explana-tions in the Reference Library.

Short definit ions and captionsAll captions and short definitions appear in the box at the bottom of the screen. Captions are available for nearly every photograph in the exhibit, as well as for the cities, camps, regions, and countries that appear on the inter-active maps. Short definitions are available by rolling over highlighted words when reading the Timeline or Reference Library pages.

Reference LibraryThe Reference Library consists of 153 pages of definitions, descriptions, and explanations of terms, people, places, and events. These pages become available as you read the Timeline, view survivor testimonies, watch yearly Overviews, or read other pages in the Reference Library.

When reading the Timeline or other text, you can reach Reference Library pages by clicking on highlighted words that seem to “pop out” when rolled over with the cursor. If a word does not seem to “pop out,” it is linked only to a short definition. This defini-tion will appear in the box in the bottom of the screen when the word it is defining is select-ed on the page.

Reference Library pages can be accessed through on-screen interactive panels that appear after survivor testimonies and yearly Overviews.

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P & © Survivors of the Shoah Visual History Foundation. All Rights Reserved.

This exhibit is protected under the laws of the United States of America and other countries. Unauthorized use, distribution, or duplication is strictly prohibited by federal laws, and may result in civil liability and criminal penalties.

Software and manual p © 1998 Survivors of the Shoah Visual History Foundation. Survivors of the Shoah Visual History Foundation and Shoah Foundation are service marks / trademarks of Survivors of the Shoah Visual History Foundation. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.