Pauline Rose

Mokoro, Oxford

29 January 2014

Aid for education after 2015: Lessons from the past decade

Aid to education decreased for the first time in 2011

3.0 3.3 3.6 4.2 4.6 5.1 5.2 6.2 6.2 5.8

1.1 1.2

1.4 1.3

1.7 2.0 2.0

2.5 2.5 2.2

2.7

4.4 4.2

4.7

5.1

5.3 5.0

5.6 5.7 5.4

6.7

8.9 9.2 10.2

11.4

12.5 12.3

14.4 14.4 13.4

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

Cons

tant

201

1 U

S$ b

illio

ns

Basic education

Secondary education

Post-secondary education

Aid to basic education decreased for 19 low income countries in 2011

0 25 50 75 100 125 150 175 200 225 250 275 300

D. P. R. Korea.

Comoros Guinea-Bissau

Chad

Mauritania Tajikistan

Sierra Leone

Somalia Madagascar

Liberia

Uganda Malawi

Tanzania D. R. Congo.

Mali

Haiti Mozambique

Afghanistan

Bangladesh

Constant 2011 US$ millions 2010 2011

Nine of the 15 largest donors reduced aid for basic education to LICs in 2011

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350Un

ited

King

dom

Uni

ted

Stat

es

Cana

da

Germ

any

EU In

stitu

tions

Wor

ld B

ank

(IDA)

AsDB

Spe

cial

Fun

ds

Japa

n

IMF

Fran

ce

Net

herla

nds

AfDF

Swed

en

Nor

way

Denm

ark

Cons

tant

201

1 U

S$ m

illio

ns

2010

2011

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%

Japan

United Kingdom

Canada

Australia

Netherlands

Norway

France

Spain

Germany

United States

Total

Share of how education aid is channelled

Recipient government

Donor government

Unspecified public sector

Multilateral

NGOs & Civil Society

Other

Wide variations between donors channeling aid to education via governments

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

USD

mill

ion

(con

stan

t 201

1 pr

ices

)

UNICEF

World Bank - IDA

EU Institutions

Asian Development Bank

African Development Bank

Earmarked bilateral aid channeled through multilaterals large for UNICEF

Donors to education are not evenly spread across countries

12

9

16

13 1412 12

1416

13

8

13 12 13

108

10 97

10 1012

108

10

75

8

11

8 7 7 6

9 8

46 5

35 4

2322 22 22

21 21 21

19 19 19 1918 18

1716 16

15 1514

13 13 13 13 1312 12 12 12 12 12

11 11 1110 10

98 8

76

5

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

22

24Ta

nzan

iaIn

dia

Keny

aM

ozam

biqu

e

Afgh

anist

anEt

hiop

iaBa

ngla

desh

D. R

. Con

goUg

anda

Burk

ina

Faso

Paki

stan

Cam

bodi

aHa

itiN

epal

Mal

iRw

anda

Zim

babw

eM

alaw

iM

adag

asca

rM

yanm

arBe

nin

Cote

d'Iv

oire

Nig

eria

Nig

erPh

ilipp

ines

Tajik

istan

Yem

enLi

beria

Sier

ra L

eone

Guin

ea-B

issau

Som

alia

Buru

ndi

Kyrg

yzst

anTh

e Ga

mbi

aCh

adEr

itrea

Togo

Guin

eaCo

mor

os

C. A

. R.

D. P.

R. K

orea

Num

ber o

f don

ors

Significant partnerships Non significant partnerships

Aid per child for many LICs does not fill the minimum spending required

63

44

39 39 36

33 32 30 30 29

27 27 24 22

21 20 19 19 16 16 15 15

13 12 12 12 11 10 10 8 8 8 7 7 7 6 5 4 3 2 0

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

Haiti

Eritr

eaAf

ghan

istan

Rwan

daKy

rgyz

stan

Mal

iLi

beria

Moz

ambi

que

Beni

nBu

rkin

a Fa

soCo

te d

'Ivoi

reCo

mor

osGu

inea

-Biss

auM

alaw

iN

epal

Buru

ndi

Tajik

istan

Cam

bodi

aBa

ngla

desh

Sier

ra L

eone

Togo

Paki

stan

C. A

. R.

Ethi

opia

Som

alia

Yem

enTh

e Ga

mbi

aKe

nya

Zim

babw

eM

adag

asca

rGu

inea

Nig

erUg

anda

Tanz

ania

D. R

. Con

goM

yanm

arIn

dia

Chad

Phili

ppin

esN

iger

iaD.

P. R

. Kor

ea

US$

201

1 co

nsta

nt p

rices

35

10

343320

Ensuring primary education of adequate quality is estimated to cost $131 per child

11

22

5754

52

1

7

4962

12

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

AsDB AfDF/ AfDB EU Institutions UNICEF World BankAs a

pro

porti

on o

f tot

al re

cipi

ents

who

rece

ive

educ

ation

aid

from

don

or

Significant partnerships Non significant partnerships

Number of significant aid relations in education for UNICEF low

Extending goals to lower secondary widens finance gap to $38 billion

DAC Aid US $3 billion

Government ex-penditure

US $36 billion

Financing gapUS $38 billion

US $ billion

Remaining financing

gap7.6

Government:Increase tax base

9.9

Government:Prioritise basic

education9.8

Donors:Prioritise basic

& lower secondary education

6.1

Donors:Meet 0.7% target

1.3

Donors: Reallocate student

imputed costs3.1

After 2015, financing targets should be set for countries to allocate:

at least 6% of GNP on education; only 41 had reached this level by 2011

at least 20% of their budget on education; only 25 had reached this level by 2011

Financing targets should also apply to aid donors so that all funders are held to account for their promises.

Targets for 2015 must be set so no one is left behind due to lack of resources

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