pc memory architecture
DESCRIPTION
PC Memory Architecture. CCNT50 (Basic Troubleshooting and Maintenance). Hard Disk Drive Basics. RAM ROM. Format File Systems. Contents. Memory Considerations. RAID. CAS Latency. Removable Media Drives. Magnetic Storage Optical Storage Solid-State Storage. Memory Packaging. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
PC Memory Architecture
CCNT50 (Basic Troubleshooting andMaintenance)
ContentsPhysical Memory
RAMROM
Memory ConsiderationsCAS Latency
Memory PackagingSIMM’sDIMM’sEarly Disk Drives
Hard Disk Drive BasicsFormatFile Systems
RAIDRemovable Media DrivesMagnetic StorageOptical StorageSolid-State Storage
Computer Architecture
In computer science and computer engineering, computer architecture or digital computer organization is the
conceptual design and fundamental operational structure of a computer system. It is a blueprint and functional
description of requirements and design implementations for the various parts of a computer, focusing largely on the way
by which the central processing unit (CPU) performs internally and accesses addresses in memory.
Physical Memory
RAM (Random Access Memory) – Primary memory
in the computer. It is a volatile type of memory where the information is lost after the
power is switched off.
Physical MemoryTwo Types of RAM
DRAM (Dynamic Random Access Memory) - is a type of random access memory that
stores each bit of data in a separate capacitor within an integrated circuit. It is called
dynamic because it loses all data when power is removed.
The main memory (the "RAM") in personal computers is Dynamic RAM (DRAM), as is the "RAM" of home game consoles (PlayStation, Xbox 360 and Wii), laptop, notebook and workstation computers.
Physical MemorySRAM (Static Random Access Memory) - is a type of semiconductor memory where the word static indicates that, unlike dynamic RAM (DRAM), it does not need to be periodically refreshed. But it is still volatile in the conventional sense that data is eventually lost when the memory is not powered.
Memory Considerations
Column Address Strobe (CAS) latency, or CL, is the delay time between the
moment a memory controller tells the memory module to access a particular
memory column on a RAM memory module, and the moment the data from given array location is available on the module's output pins. In general, the
lower the CAS latency, the better.
Memory Packaging
The packaging is simply the entire makeup of a unit of
memory.
Memory Packaging
SIMM’s and DIMM’sA SIMM, or single in-line memory module, is a type of memory
module containing random access memory used in computers from the early 1980s to the late 1990s. It differs from a dual in-line
memory module (DIMM), the most predominant form of memory module today, in that the contacts on a SIMM are redundant on
both sides of the module.
Memory PackagingEarly Disk Drives (from 1980 up to present)
1980 - The world's first gigabyte-capacity disk drive, the IBM 3380, was the size of a refrigerator, weighed 550 pounds (about 250 kg), and had a price tag of $40,000
Early Disk Drives (from 1980 up to present)
1986 - Standardization of SCSI
1989 - Jimmy Zhu and H. Neal Bertram from UCSD proposed exchange decoupled granular microstructure for thin film disk storage media, still used today.
1991 - 2.5-inch 100 megabyte hard drive
Early Disk Drives (from 1980 up to present)
1991 - PRML Technology (Digital Read Channel with 'Partial Response Maximum Likelihood' algorithm)
1992 - first 1.3-inch hard disk drive - HP Kittyhawk
Early Disk Drives (from 1980 up to present)
1994 - IBM introduces Laser Textured Landing Zones (LZT)1996 - IBM introduces GMR (Giant MR) Technology for read sensors1998 - UltraDMA/33 and ATAPI standardized
Early Disk Drives (from 1980 up to present)
1999 - IBM releases the Microdrive in 170 MB and 340 MB capacities2002 - 137 GB addressing space barrier broken
Early Disk Drives (from 1980 up to present)
1999 - IBM releases the Microdrive in 170 MB and 340 MB capacities2002 - 137 GB addressing space barrier broken
Early Disk Drives (from 1980 up to present)
2003 - Serial ATA introduced2005 - First 500 GB hard drive shipping (Hitachi GST)
Early Disk Drives (from 1980 up to present)
2005 - Serial ATA 3Gbps standardized2005 - Seagate introduces Tunnel MagnetoResistive Read Sensor (TMR) and Thermal Spacing Control2005 - Introduction of faster SAS (Serial Attached SCSI)2005 - First Perpendicular recording HDD shipped: Toshiba 1.8-inch 40/80 GB[7]
Early Disk Drives (from 1980 up to present)
2006 - First 750 GB hard drive (Seagate)2006 - First 200 GB 2.5" hard drive utilizing
Perpendicular recording (Toshiba)2006 - Fujitsu develops heat-assisted
magnetic recording (HAMR) that could one day achieve one terabit per square inch
densities.[8]
Early Disk Drives (from 1980 up to present)
Early Disk Drives (from 1980 up to present)
2007 - First 1 terabyte hard drive[9] (Hitachi GST)
Early Disk Drives (from 1980 up to present)
2008 - First 1.5 terabyte hard drive[10] (Seagate)
Early Disk Drives (from 1980 up to present)
2009 - First 2.0 terabyte hard drive[11] (Western Digital)
Early Disk Drives (from 1980 up to present)
2009 - First 2.0 terabyte hard drive[11] (Western Digital)
2010 - First 3TB Hard drive (Seagate)
Early Disk Drives (from 1980 up to present)
Hard Disk Drive Basics
Hard Disk Drives - is a non-volatile storage device for digital data. Data is encoded magnetically by read/write heads that float on a cushion of air above the platters.
Hard Disk Drive Basics
FORMAT and FILE SYSTEM - A disk file system is a file system designed for the storage of files on a data storage device
RAIDRAID, an acronym for redundant array of independent disks or redundant array of inexpensive disks, is a technology that provides increased storage reliability through redundancy, combining multiple low-cost, less-reliable disk drives components into a logical unit where all drives in the array are interdependent. RAID combines two or more physical hard disks into a single logical unit using special hardware or software. Hardware solutions are often designed to present themselves to the attached system as a single hard disk, so that the operating system would be unaware of the technical workings.
Removable Media Drives
In computer storage, removable media refers to storage media which is designed to be removed from the computer without powering the computer off.Some types of removable media are designed to be read by removable readers and drives.
Removable Media Drives
Magnetic storage and magnetic recording are terms from engineering referring to the storage of data on a magnetized medium. Magnetic storage uses different patterns of magnetization in a magnetizable material to store data and is a form of non-volatile memory.
Removable Media Drives
Removable Media Drives
Optical storage is a term from engineering referring to the storage of data on an optically readable medium. Data is recorded by making marks in a pattern that can be read back with the aid of light. A common modern technique used by computers involves a tiny beam of laser light precisely focused on a spinning disc.
Removable Media Drives
A solid-state drive (SSD) is a data storage device that uses solid-state memory to store persistent data. SSDs are distinguished from traditional hard disk drives (HDDs), which are electromechanical devices containing spinning disks and movable read/write heads. SSDs, in contrast, use microchips, and contain no moving parts.
Removable Media Drives