pcl-r ii violent cog nit ions

8/7/2019 PCL-R II Violent Cog Nit Ions

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Understanding Violent OffendersUnderstanding Violent Offenders

for Risk Managementfor Risk Management

Anna C. SalterAnna C. Salter

Scott RubinScott Rubin--AschAsch


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Affective PrecursorsAffective Precursors


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Mental Health IssuesMental Health Issues

Negative affectNegative affect

DepressionDepression

AnxietyAnxietyBoredomBoredom

EntitlementEntitlement

Grievance, Paranoia, ResentmentGrievance, Paranoia, Resentment


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Gang BangerGang Banger

I would try to live a life. I dont know howI would try to live a life. I dont know how

to live. Everything comes to survival.to live. Everything comes to survival.Living life and enjoying life is different fromLiving life and enjoying life is different from

being in survival camp. I never really satbeing in survival camp. I never really sat

back and enjoyed days and weeks where Iback and enjoyed days and weeks where I

didnt have no worries about whetherIddidnt have no worries about whetherIdbreathe. This is the last time Im going tobreathe. This is the last time Im going to

breathe.breathe.


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WashingtonWashington

Deaths of FriendsDeaths of Friends 20002000 MokiMoki

20012001 WillWill

20022002 Earl.Earl. 20032003 Eric and JonquelEric and Jonquel

20042004 DrewDrew

20052005 Glenn and Little DreGlenn and Little Dre

20062006 RyanRyan

20072007 TroyTroy

20082008 CrowCrow


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ResentmentResentment

I started remembering everything.I started remembering everything.

Everything. The death, the pain. I used toEverything. The death, the pain. I used to

get mad.I

still do. WhenI

hear peopleget mad.I

still do. WhenI

hear peoplelaugh I get mad. Why is life so much funlaugh I get mad. Why is life so much fun

for you and not for me?.for you and not for me?.


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Violent CognitionsViolent Cognitions


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Theories of ViolenceTheories of Violence

Loss of ControlLoss of Control

Product of Distorted ThinkingProduct of Distorted Thinking


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Impulse ControlImpulse Control

Stop and ThinkStop and Think

Exit Risky SituationsExit Risky Situations


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Interviews 20 Violent OffendersInterviews 20 Violent Offenders

Meaning Units = PhrasesMeaning Units = Phrases


12%12%

(Polaschek et a., 2010)(Polaschek et a., 2010)


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Violent SchemasViolent Schemas

Violence is NormalViolence is Normal

No ChoiceNo Choice

Hostile Attribution BiasHostile Attribution BiasSocial StatusSocial Status

SelfImageSelfImage

Victim Deserved It (Widget Theory)Victim Deserved It (Widget Theory)


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Normal for disciplineNormal for discipline

Normal for achieving goalsNormal for achieving goals


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Elway: Attacked OfficerElway: Attacked Officer StabbedStabbed

in Headin Head I feel like it was justified. The only thingI feel like it was justified. The only thing

was my objective wasnt fully completed.was my objective wasnt fully completed.

But other than that.But other than that.

Q. What was your objective?Q. What was your objective?

A. To kill him. I wasnt stabbing him just toA. To kill him. I wasnt stabbing him just to

be stabbing.be stabbing.


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Elway: Effect on Victims?Elway: Effect on Victims?

A. Probably none.A. Probably none.

Q. Why not?Q. Why not?

A. Cause none of them are dead or paralyzed.A. Cause none of them are dead or paralyzed.Q. So it wouldnt have any effect?Q. So it wouldnt have any effect?

A. I think it will on certain peopleA. I think it will on certain people like young,like young,

someone 14 or probably people who live in ansomeone 14 or probably people who live in anarea where its pretty much peaceful andarea where its pretty much peaceful and

nonviolent so it would be strange to seenonviolent so it would be strange to see

anything violent.anything violent.


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Elway: Violence is NormalElway: Violence is Normal

The rest of us live in a pretty violent atmosphere The rest of us live in a pretty violent atmosphere

and its pretty normaland its pretty normal anybody who works inanybody who works in

DOC it wouldnt have any effect unless theyreDOC it wouldnt have any effect unless theyre

dead or paralyzed or give them a big scar ondead or paralyzed or give them a big scar ontheir face so they have to look at it every day.their face so they have to look at it every day.

So ifI attack an officer thats what Id try to do,So ifI attack an officer thats what Id try to do,

so theyre dead or paralyzed or they have toso theyre dead or paralyzed or they have tosee it every day and know I did it to them.see it every day and know I did it to them.


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Hit a Man on a Bike with His CarHit a Man on a Bike with His Car

Just to See What It Would Do toJust to See What It Would Do toHimHim

Do I consider myself a criminal? No.Do I consider myself a criminal? No.Basically just doing stuff, just breaking theBasically just doing stuff, just breaking the

law.law.


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Why Not a Criminal?Why Not a Criminal?

A criminal is one who terminally focuses onA criminal is one who terminally focuses on

doing crime. They dont just think aboutdoing crime. They dont just think about

it on the spur of the moment. Criminalsit on the spur of the moment. Criminals

plan it more. They scheme. I dont everplan it more. They scheme. I dont ever

scheme.scheme.


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Home Invasion Looking for Drugs:Home Invasion Looking for Drugs:

Killed a Man and a 7 MonthKilled a Man and a 7 MonthPregnant WomanPregnant Woman Couple HadCouple Had

No DrugsNo Drugs

It was part of the way I was living. It didntIt was part of the way I was living. It didnt

feel right or wrong. Actually, it didnt feelfeel right or wrong. Actually, it didnt feel

wrong. It felt I was forced to do somethingwrong. It felt I was forced to do something

I really didnt want to do, but . . . itI really didnt want to do, but . . . it

happened.happened.


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No ChoiceNo Choice Domestic ViolenceDomestic Violence

She wouldnt listen to me unless I hit herShe wouldnt listen to me unless I hit her

first.first.(Polaschek et a., 2010, p. 87)(Polaschek et a., 2010, p. 87)


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No Choice: DisciplineNo Choice: Discipline

How else was I going to get through to himHow else was I going to get through to him

that schoolwork was important?that schoolwork was important?

(Polaschek et a., 2010, p. 87)(Polaschek et a., 2010, p. 87)


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Gang MemberGang Member

Q. Do you feel bad about the people you killed?Q. Do you feel bad about the people you killed?

A. I don't talk about that. . . . When the incidentA. I don't talk about that. . . . When the incident

first took place I didn't have no remorse at allfirst took place I didn't have no remorse at allbecause I thought it was the right thing. But Ibecause I thought it was the right thing. But I

have thought about it and I think I was wrong forhave thought about it and I think I was wrong for

what took place on that day.what took place on that day.


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Q.Q. How do you know you were wrong?How do you know you were wrong?

A. The situation and the circumstances. Cause I didn'tA. The situation and the circumstances. Cause I didn't

have to do it. It was all over territory and I had tohave to do it. It was all over territory and I had to

prove my loyalty. I thought that was right. That's whatprove my loyalty. I thought that was right. That's what

I had to do to be accepted in the Gangster Disciples. .I had to do to be accepted in the Gangster Disciples. .

. . You're the first person I ever said anything about it. . You're the first person I ever said anything about it

to. . . . It was absolutely wrong. It was an utterto. . . . It was absolutely wrong. It was an utter

mistake.mistake.


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But you have to understand that. You may haveBut you have to understand that. You may have

grown up in a different family. But I grew up Chicagogrown up in a different family. But I grew up Chicago

where people die every day. In order to be in awhere people die every day. In order to be in a

certain organization you have to do certain things.certain organization you have to do certain things.And me being brainwashed in that way I had to doAnd me being brainwashed in that way I had to do

that thing. And it protected me. Because I could gothat thing. And it protected me. Because I could go

to somebody and they would protect me. Hey man,to somebody and they would protect me. Hey man,

let's go shoot up those n. . . . Let's take their familylet's go shoot up those n. . . . Let's take their familyhostage and teach them a lesson. That's how I washostage and teach them a lesson. That's how I was

taught.taught.


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Violent prisoners spoke of violence as aViolent prisoners spoke of violence as a

routine occurrence between people thatroutine occurrence between people that

hardly needs explaining and that could behardly needs explaining and that could be

helpful in achieving some personal andhelpful in achieving some personal and

social goals.social goals.



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Meaning UnitsMeaning Units

46%46%

(Polaschek et al., 2010)(Polaschek et al., 2010)


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Violence resolves conflicts, persuadesViolence resolves conflicts, persuades

others to do things, can be exhilarating orothers to do things, can be exhilarating or

simply make you feel better, and usually itsimply make you feel better, and usually it

makes others treat you with respect.makes others treat you with respect.



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Self ImageSelf Image


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SelfSelf--Images and InterpretationsImages and Interpretations

NonviolentNonviolent

Occasionally ViolentOccasionally Violent

Continually ViolentContinually Violent


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I guess when youre young, you want toI guess when youre young, you want to

be feared, you want to be respected.be feared, you want to be respected.


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Violent Self ImageViolent Self Image

Im a man, and I want to be treated like a man. .Im a man, and I want to be treated like a man. .. I dont care who a person is or who they think. I dont care who a person is or who they thinkthey are either; they better not play around withthey are either; they better not play around withme. Ill show them who in the hell theyreme. Ill show them who in the hell theyre

playing with. Theyll find out fast they arentplaying with. Theyll find out fast they arentfucking with any boy when they fuck with me. . .fucking with any boy when they fuck with me. . .Ive ruined more than one good man in my time,Ive ruined more than one good man in my time,and Jack, Ill do it again too. Thats the way Iand Jack, Ill do it again too. Thats the way I

am and thats the way Ill be until the day I die.am and thats the way Ill be until the day I die.(Athens, 1997, p. 57)(Athens, 1997, p. 57)


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Shot an Officer, a Deputy andShot an Officer, a Deputy and

Escaped from VehicleEscaped from Vehicle

I had a lot of time. I didnt want to do the time. II had a lot of time. I didnt want to do the time. Ihad to do something for myself. I tried to helphad to do something for myself. I tried to help

myself. I owed that to myself to try to regain mymyself. I owed that to myself to try to regain my

freedom. I was going to leave the country andfreedom. I was going to leave the country andnever come back. I was quite young then,never come back. I was quite young then,

compared to what I am now and fearless [pridecompared to what I am now and fearless [pride

expression]expression] ---- intrepid at that timeintrepid at that time ----and didntand didnt

think the way I think now. I would be morethink the way I think now. I would be more

concerned about my welfare now and my familyconcerned about my welfare now and my family

something happen to me what would theysomething happen to me what would they

thinkthink then I didnt consider those things.then I didnt consider those things.


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SelfSelf--Image/Social StatusImage/Social Status

Meaning Units = PhrasesMeaning Units = Phrases

20 violent offenders20 violent offenders

57% ofMeaning Units57% ofMeaning Units

SelfImageSelfImage(Polaschek et al., 2010)(Polaschek et al., 2010)


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Social StatusSocial Status

Q.Q. Whose responsibility were these offenses?Whose responsibility were these offenses?

A. I dont know how to put it into sense. The 07 itA. I dont know how to put it into sense. The 07 it

was all about my second baby mother. Shewas all about my second baby mother. Shewas pregnant with my youngest son. I didntwas pregnant with my youngest son. I didnt

have no job. I just came home. I was outhave no job. I just came home. I was out

hustling. Even though I was hustling I washustling. Even though I was hustling I was

spending money on frivolous shit. I tried tospending money on frivolous shit. I tried tojustify that I wanted to get that money tojustify that I wanted to get that money to

provide for my son. But the truth of the matterprovide for my son. But the truth of the matter

is I couldnt let a dude do me like that. .is I couldnt let a dude do me like that. .


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If you back down from one battle you open up theIf you back down from one battle you open up the

door to many more. You let one cat run on you;door to many more. You let one cat run on you;

everybody is going to run on you. He thought Ieverybody is going to run on you. He thought I

was sweet. . . . I couldnt stand on it.was sweet. . . . I couldnt stand on it.


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Home Invasion Looking for DrugsHome Invasion Looking for Drugs

Q. Didnt shoot anybody? Could have shot somebody.Q. Didnt shoot anybody? Could have shot somebody.A. There were no limits. To be honest, . . . from aA. There were no limits. To be honest, . . . from a

cultural aspect we live on the streets. Its like a gang .cultural aspect we live on the streets. Its like a gang .

. . I had an older guy tell me that ifI showed him a. . I had an older guy tell me that ifI showed him a

man who was afraid to die hed show me a coward.man who was afraid to die hed show me a coward.Death is a very important concept in the streets. UntilDeath is a very important concept in the streets. Until

you can conquer your fear of death and arent afraid toyou can conquer your fear of death and arent afraid to

die, you are not mentally and emotionally ready to livedie, you are not mentally and emotionally ready to live

in the streets. But on the flip side of that you cant bein the streets. But on the flip side of that you cant beafraid to kill. . . . Its a tool of intimidation. If people onafraid to kill. . . . Its a tool of intimidation. If people on

the streets know you are willing to kill and committhe streets know you are willing to kill and commit

murder, people they just think twice before messingmurder, people they just think twice before messing

with you.with you.


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But just because you say you are willing to killBut just because you say you are willing to kill

or murder isnt enough, people need to knowor murder isnt enough, people need to know

these arent hollow threats, there are times youthese arent hollow threats, there are times you

have to show its actually true. . . the ultimatehave to show its actually true. . . the ultimatelimit in the street is if you are willing to commitlimit in the street is if you are willing to commit

murder. If you are willing to commit murdermurder. If you are willing to commit murder

there are no limits.there are no limits.


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Home Invasion Looking for DrugsHome Invasion Looking for DrugsI

f you take 50 guys in the gang, you have about 8 or9I

f you take 50 guys in the gang, you have about 8 or9or10 guys that are willing to commit the act of murder.or10 guys that are willing to commit the act of murder.

The other guys, the reason they dont commit the actThe other guys, the reason they dont commit the act

is they think they might go to prison. But the otheris they think they might go to prison. But the other

guys they can use that to intimidate the guys whoguys they can use that to intimidate the guys whowont commit the act. We know you arent willing towont commit the act. We know you arent willing to

do this, so we are tougher than you. . . What makesdo this, so we are tougher than you. . . What makes

us dangerous is that we dont care about the law. . .us dangerous is that we dont care about the law. . .

Back then it was me trying to live up to this image. ItBack then it was me trying to live up to this image. Itwas like a contest to see who could be the mostwas like a contest to see who could be the most

intimidating and the most dangerous. And part ofintimidating and the most dangerous. And part of

being intimidating and dangerous is convincing peoplebeing intimidating and dangerous is convincing people

that you dont care about the law.that you dont care about the law.


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My son was getting into fights at school. SoMy son was getting into fights at school. So

I taught both sons to box after school, soI taught both sons to box after school, so

they could defend themselves. I didntthey could defend themselves. I didnt

want my sons looking like [cowards] orwant my sons looking like [cowards] or

being walking [sic] over by every Tom,being walking [sic] over by every Tom,

Dick, or Harry. Everyone needs respect.Dick, or Harry. Everyone needs respect.



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Victim Deserved ItVictim Deserved It

(Well Maybe Not Personally)(Well Maybe Not Personally)

Widget TheoryWidget Theory


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I dont attack people who have doneI dont attack people who have done

nothing to me. I go after people who havenothing to me. I go after people who have

done something to me. Who have hurtdone something to me. Who have hurt

me. I have to have a reason.me. I have to have a reason.


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Victim Didnt Provoke ItVictim Didnt Provoke It

Personally BUT . . .Personally BUT . . .

Works for the manWorks for the man

Who cares?Who cares?


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LeroyLeroy

Staff alone in boothStaff alone in booth

Left booth to make snack for unitLeft booth to make snack for unit

His door unlockedHis door unlocked Dont hurt meDont hurt me

Beat her head on floor repeatedlyBeat her head on floor repeatedly

multiple skull fracturesmultiple skull fractures Stripped her, dragged her117 and left herStripped her, dragged her117 and left her


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1616--YearYear--Old After Battery and AttemptedOld After Battery and Attempted

Homicide of Female Staff Member:Homicide of Female Staff Member:

LeroyLeroy

It didnt matter who was in the booth, . . I wasIt didnt matter who was in the booth, . . I was

gonna go, and it didnt matter who was there. Igonna go, and it didnt matter who was there. I

was gonna fight them and take them down. Itswas gonna fight them and take them down. Itsnot very hard to take that little puny patheticnot very hard to take that little puny pathetic

staff down. Id rather be dead than locked up.staff down. Id rather be dead than locked up.

.. .Itold the staff six months ago

Iwas gonna.. .

Itold the staff six months ago

Iwas gonna

get out no matter what, and when I got out Iget out no matter what, and when I got out I

was gonna strip them naked and drag theirwas gonna strip them naked and drag their

assess down the hall and put them in thatassess down the hall and put them in that

room where the ut us.room where the ut us.


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LeroyLeroy

I heard it crack when her head hit. At first itI heard it crack when her head hit. At first it

surprised me. I told her to shut up, but shesurprised me. I told her to shut up, but she

wouldnt. She cried louder. . . I slammed herwouldnt. She cried louder. . . I slammed her

dead down on the floor. I had a limited time todead down on the floor. I had a limited time to

get out of there. I was running out of time.get out of there. I was running out of time.

The guards were checking every ten minutes.The guards were checking every ten minutes.

I slammed her head against the floor four moreI slammed her head against the floor four moretimes because she wouldnt shut up. I wastimes because she wouldnt shut up. I was

fixing to break her neck. Every time I slammedfixing to break her neck. Every time I slammed

her head on the floor, I heard her bone crack.her head on the floor, I heard her bone crack.


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LeroyLeroy

She was quiet for a minute after the third timeShe was quiet for a minute after the third time

and I thought that was it, but then she startedand I thought that was it, but then she started

moving again, so I did it two more times. Imoving again, so I did it two more times. I

thought she was dead. I didnt care. I wasthought she was dead. I didnt care. I was

gonna kill any staff. It didnt matter to me.gonna kill any staff. It didnt matter to me.


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LeroyLeroy

Q. Do you know the difference in rightQ. Do you know the difference in right

and wrong?and wrong?

A. I dont think about right and wrong. ImA. I dont think about right and wrong. Im

coldcold--hearted.hearted.


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LeroyLeroy

Q. Did you think you were doing anythingQ. Did you think you were doing anything

wrong?wrong?

A. No, cause I was thinking I got threeA. No, cause I was thinking I got three

minutes to leave before they come.minutes to leave before they come.


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Impact on Victim: LeroyImpact on Victim: Leroy

At sentencingAt sentencing

Headaches every day, sometimes excruciatingHeadaches every day, sometimes excruciating

DizzinessDizziness

N

auseaN

ausea Permanent loss of smell and tastePermanent loss of smell and taste

Neck and back painNeck and back pain

Some days couldnt get out of bedSome days couldnt get out of bed Couldnt driveCouldnt drive

Wouldnt be aloneWouldnt be alone

Nightmares, flashbacksNightmares, flashbacks


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Impact on Victim: LeroyImpact on Victim: Leroy

Sensitive to light, noise and motionSensitive to light, noise and motion

Left alone for a few hoursLeft alone for a few hours locked self inlocked self in

bathroombathroom


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Impact on Victims:Impact on Victims:

Leroys ResponseLeroys Response

Im not sure? Im not going to go off intoIm not sure? Im not going to go off into

the guessing. I only know what they put inthe guessing. I only know what they put in

the files and none of that has beenthe files and none of that has beensubstantiated. . . Its only her side of thesubstantiated. . . Its only her side of the

story, the side of the story that they wantstory, the side of the story that they want

to portray. to portray.


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Leroys ResponseLeroys Response

All this was is battery. I got railroaded.All this was is battery. I got railroaded.


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Callousness: EthanCallousness: Ethan

Robbed and beat 86 yearRobbed and beat 86 year--old womanold woman

Robbed 74 yearRobbed 74 year--old womanold woman


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Impact on Victim: EthanImpact on Victim: Ethan

DeterioratedDeteriorated

Unable to live aloneUnable to live alone

Incoherent within monthsIncoherent within months


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Ethan: NarcissismEthan: Narcissism

Q. How do you feel about little old ladyQ. How do you feel about little old lady

deteriorating? deteriorating?

A. She took a deposition. Are you sure its him?A. She took a deposition. Are you sure its him?

She didnt want to say it was me. She started toShe didnt want to say it was me. She started to

waiver. She was a school teacher. She knew theywaiver. She was a school teacher. She knew theywere going to hang me. She didnt want that towere going to hang me. She didnt want that to

happen. I believe. She told a story about somehappen. I believe. She told a story about some

horse thieves . . . the posse came along and arrestedhorse thieves . . . the posse came along and arrested

all of them. . . a young boy was there and they triedall of them. . . a young boy was there and they triedto hang him too . . she asked the detective was thisto hang him too . . she asked the detective was this

right? Thats the parable she tried to tell him. Iright? Thats the parable she tried to tell him. I

believe it was a message to me. . . I will always honorbelieve it was a message to me. . . I will always honor

her for that as I honor all women.her for that as I honor all women.


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EthanEthan

Q. She got beaten.Q. She got beaten.

A. Yes, but she resisted. This woman fought me asA. Yes, but she resisted. This woman fought me as

hard as anybody could fight. I know how it looks. Ihard as anybody could fight. I know how it looks. Iwas not intending to use any more force than I neededwas not intending to use any more force than I needed

to. This woman fought me fiercely. Never for oneto. This woman fought me fiercely. Never for one

moment did she admit. I was saying, Lady, ladymoment did she admit. I was saying, Lady, lady

please. Yes, she got beat but I know in my heart Iplease. Yes, she got beat but I know in my heart Ididnt do it sadistically and I didnt do it any more thandidnt do it sadistically and I didnt do it any more than

was necessary.was necessary.


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EthanEthan

We are in a society that lacks mercy.We are in a society that lacks mercy.

They want to punish a guy forever.They want to punish a guy forever.


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Attacked Officers in JailAttacked Officers in Jail

That incident in the county jail it wasnt personal. ItThat incident in the county jail it wasnt personal. It

wasnt one of those things that officer so and so iswasnt one of those things that officer so and so is

working todayworking today whoever was workingwhoever was working it was goingit was going

to happen. . . You go into that situation knowing . . .to happen. . . You go into that situation knowing . . .Just like if you go in a robbery with a gun, you dontJust like if you go in a robbery with a gun, you dont

think you are going to kill someone. But you knowthink you are going to kill someone. But you know

you need to take the gun in the robbery because youyou need to take the gun in the robbery because you

might need to kill someone. Of course thats wrong.might need to kill someone. Of course thats wrong.But you dont care. Why should I care? Thats whyBut you dont care. Why should I care? Thats why

you need to get to the point where you care.you need to get to the point where you care.


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Callousness & Lack of RemorseCallousness & Lack of Remorse



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Home Invasion for DrugsHome Invasion for Drugs

From a little kid to teenager, its a culture of criminality thatsFrom a little kid to teenager, its a culture of criminality thats

ingrained in you. From the music you listen to, to the type ofingrained in you. From the music you listen to, to the type of

activities you engage in. Its always robbing people, takingactivities you engage in. Its always robbing people, taking

others material possessions its like a collective preference,others material possessions its like a collective preference,

just for, again, my culture. We kind of live our lives looking forjust for, again, my culture. We kind of live our lives looking forthe big sting or the big heist. We dont . . .we feel like we arethe big sting or the big heist. We dont . . .we feel like we are

willing to sacrifice anything to get the big heist. We dont carewilling to sacrifice anything to get the big heist. We dont care

what kind of pain or injury we inflict, nothing like that. . . Thewhat kind of pain or injury we inflict, nothing like that. . . The

only thing I could think about was the cash and the marijuana. Ionly thing I could think about was the cash and the marijuana. I

didnt care who I had to hurt or harm to get to it. I basically feltdidnt care who I had to hurt or harm to get to it. I basically felt

like any harm I did was collateral damage. . . I had an ability tolike any harm I did was collateral damage. . . I had an ability to

be desensitized to violence. It really didnt impact me as much.be desensitized to violence. It really didnt impact me as much.


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It was a big dog. I thought it had the potential toIt was a big dog. I thought it had the potential tothreaten me. I just shot it.threaten me. I just shot it.

Q. Did it bother you at all?Q. Did it bother you at all?

A.It took a long time to have any reaction to it. The onlyA.It took a long time to have any reaction to it. The onlytime I had any reaction to it was when I saw how muchtime I had any reaction to it was when I saw how much

it hurt the victims. But I didnt understand it until Iit hurt the victims. But I didnt understand it until I

began to understand main stream society. In thebegan to understand main stream society. In the

ghetto we dont attach that much sentimentalghetto we dont attach that much sentimentalattachment to pets. If we have cats, its to catch mice.attachment to pets. If we have cats, its to catch mice.

The only dogs we have are pit bulls and that is to fightThe only dogs we have are pit bulls and that is to fight

them. .them. .


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Its only in the last few years that I haveIts only in the last few years that I have

began to understand the American familybegan to understand the American family

and the fact that pets are an integral partand the fact that pets are an integral part

of the family.of the family.


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Inability to BondInability to Bond


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Shallow AffectShallow Affect

Q. Were you ever in love?Q. Were you ever in love?

A. I was very much emotionally attached to allA. I was very much emotionally attached to all

of them in a sense. I dont want to say I was inof them in a sense. I dont want to say I was inlove with them because I still dont know whatlove with them because I still dont know what

love is.love is.


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Shallow Affect (continued)Shallow Affect (continued)

I exposed myselfI exposed myself I did in some senseI did in some sense I dontI dont

mean any disrespect when I say thismean any disrespect when I say this womenwomen youyou

demand some kind of connectiondemand some kind of connection you hunger foryou hunger for

something more than a mutual friendship. Eventuallysomething more than a mutual friendship. Eventuallythey wore me down in the sense that I did tell themthey wore me down in the sense that I did tell them

certain things but I did this in a way that if they saidcertain things but I did this in a way that if they said

something to someone else I would know who saidsomething to someone else I would know who said

it.it.


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Creation of ViolenceCreation of Violence

Violent SubjugationViolent Subjugation

Personal HorrificationPersonal Horrification

Violent CoachingViolent Coaching


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Interaction ofGenes andInteraction ofGenes and

EnvironmentEnvironment

Males with low MAOA activity alleleMales with low MAOA activity allele

(specific gene)(specific gene)

++

Childhood maltreatmentChildhood maltreatment

Increased antisocial behaviorIncreased antisocial behavior

(Beaver, 2008)(Beaver, 2008)


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Genetic Contribution to ViolentGenetic Contribution to Violent

BehaviorBehavior

Variance in antisocial behavior Variance in antisocial behavior

Due to genetic factorsDue to genetic factors

( Beaver, 2008; Mason & Frick, 1994; Miles( Beaver, 2008; Mason & Frick, 1994; Miles& Carey, 1997; Rhee & Wald, 2002)& Carey, 1997; Rhee & Wald, 2002)


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Genetics & EnvironmentGenetics & Environment

InteractiveInteractive

(Rowe, 2002; Rutter, 2006; Walsh, 2002)(Rowe, 2002; Rutter, 2006; Walsh, 2002)


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pcl-r ii violent cog nit ions

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