pe-adz-7e05010104-mdc-948-r00 powerhouse - model for power system stability - thyne5&thyne6

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R00 First issue 07.05.2015 EGR MIT MIT MIT

Rev. Index

Modificación Modification

Fecha Date

Dibujó Prep. by

Revisó Checked

Revisó Checked

Aprobó Appr.

Ref

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OWNER:

CONTRACT: TURNKEY ENGINEERING , PROCUREMENT AND CONSTRUCTION CONTRACT FOR THE CERRO DEL AGUILA HYDRO POWER PLAN

CONTRACTOR:

Lista de Piezas / Partslist WA N° Dimensión / Dimension Class N° Grupo / Group Tipo / Type

Excitation System THYNE5/THYNE6

Model for Power System Stability Studies

Escala / Scale

Peso / Weight (kg) Material

HAV Fech/Date Nom/Name Cliente/Client Cerro del Águila S.A Dib/Drawn 05.05.2015 EGR Proyecto/Plant Cerro del Águila HPP Rev/Check 07.05.2015 MIT Pedido/Project N° H110.002217 Rev/Check 07.05.2015 MIT Contrato/Contract N° Similar/Similar Apr/Appr 07.05.2015 MIT File/Date 07.05.2015 Remplaza/Replace

Interno N° / Internal N°

= +

Dibujo N° / Drawing N°

PE-ADZ-7E05010104-MDC-948 Rev/Index

R00

Hoja / Sht 1

de / of 19

STAMP RESERVED SPACE

Cliente / Client Cerro del Águila S.A Dibujado / Drawn Archivo / Filename PE-ADZ-7E05010104-MDC-948-R00_PSS.docx

Central / Plant Cerro del Águila HPP Compr. / Check. Ind. Fecha / Date Fecha de Arch. / Filedate 07.05.2015

Proy. / Proj. N° H110.002217 Aprobado / Appr. 00 07.05.2015 Hoja / de / of 19

= + - Interno / Internal Nº DOC Nº

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CONTENT

1 INTRODUCTION ......................................................................................................................... 4 2 SIMULATION MODEL AND PARAMETERS .................................................................................... 5 2.1 Generator, Transformer and Grid Connection ........................................................................................................ 5 2.2 THYNE5/THYNE6 Static Excitation System .............................................................................................................. 7 2.2.1 Basic Structure of AVR and Power Part ................................................................................................................... 7 2.2.2 Power System Stabilizer ........................................................................................................................................ 11 2.2.3 Instantaneous Field Current Limiter ...................................................................................................................... 13 2.2.4 Under Excitation Limiter........................................................................................................................................ 14 2.2.5 Thermal Limiter ..................................................................................................................................................... 15 3 STANDARD MODELS ............................................................................................................... 17 3.1 Standard Model IEEE 421.5 ST8C .......................................................................................................................... 17 REFERENCES ...................................................................................................................................... 19





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Disclaimer ANDRITZ HYDRO DOES NOT MAKE ANY WARRANTY OR REPRESENTATION WHATSOEVER, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, WITH RESPECT TO THE MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR ANY PARTICULAR PURPOSE OF ANY INFORMATION CONTAINED IN THIS REPORT OR THE RESPECTIVE WORKS OR SERVICES SUPPLIED OR PERFORMED BY ANDRITZ HYDRO. ANDRITZ HYDRO DOES NOT ACCEPT ANY LIABILITY FOR ANY DAMAGES, EITHER DIRECTLY, CONSEQUENTIALLY OR OTHERWISE RESULTING FROM THE USE OF THIS REPORT.





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1 INTRODUCTION

This document provides the mathematical models of the THYNE5/THYNE6 excitation system for power system stability studies together with the required system parameters of the generator, transformer and grid as well as the excitation (power part and controller).





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2 SIMULATION MODEL AND PARAMETERS

2.1 Generator, Transformer and Grid Connection

The synchronous generator model for power system stability studies is typically a sub transient model of a salient pole machine (hydro units) or round rotor machine (thermal units). The corresponding model parameters are summarized in Table 1 with typical values for hydro and thermal units, see [2].

Symbol Parameter name Unit

Sr Rated apparent power 201.35 MVA

Ur Rated terminal voltage 13.8 kV

cos(phi) Power factor 0.85

fr Grid frequency 60 Hz

wr Rated speed rpm

Xd d-axis synchronous reactance 1.044 p.u.

Xd’ d-axis transient reactance 0.352 p.u.

Xd” d-axis sub transient reactance 0.261 p.u.

Xq q-axis synchronous reactance 0.724 p.u.

Xq’ q-axis transient reactance – p.u.

Xq” q-axis sub transient reactance 0.228 p.u.

Xl Stator leakage reactance 0.13 p.u.

Ra Stator resistance

Td0’ d-axis transient open circuit time constant 8.64 s

Td0” d-axis sub transient open circuit time constant 0.107 s

Tq0’ q-axis transient open circuit time constant – s

Tq0” q-axis sub transient open circuit time constant s

H Overall inertia of turbine and generator 3.89 s

IE,r Excitation current at rated load 1575 A

VE,r Excitation voltage at rated load 270.2 V

IE,ag Excitation current at no-load air-gap 756 A

Table 1: Synchronous generator data.

For the step-up transformer the required parameters are summarized in Table 2.





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Symbol Parameter name Value Unit

Sr Rated apparent power MVA

Ur1 Rated primary voltage kV

Ur2 Rated secondary voltage 13.8 kV

Xt Short circuit voltage 0.12*) p.u.

Rt Copper losses p.u.

Table 2: Step-up transformer data.

In the simplest case for power system studies a single machine/infinite bus model assumed. Therefore, typically the minimum and maximum short circuit power is defined at the grid connection point, see Table 3.


Sk”min Minimum short circuit power MVA

Sk”max Maximum short circuit power MVA

Table 3: Grid connection data.

Figure 1 shows the model structure of a single machine / infinite bus configuration with a static excitation system in shunt field connection.

Gen.

Exc. Transf.

Voltagetransducer

Currenttransducer

Digital Controller

Excitation system

Step up Transf.

Grid

Figure 1: Model structure.





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2.2 THYNE5/THYNE6 Static Excitation System

2.2.1 Basic Structure of AVR and Power Part

Figure 2 shows the mathematical model of the THYNE5/THYNE6 excitation system (AVR + power part) in shunt field connection. A list of the corresponding input, output and internal signals is given in Table 4 and a list of all system parameters is provided in Table 5 and Table 6.

Symbol Signal name Unit

VT Terminal voltage magnitude p.u.

IT Terminal current magnitude p.u.

IP Terminal current active component p.u.

IQ Terminal current reactive component p.u.

P Active power p.u.

ω Speed p.u.

θ Load angle deg

VC Compensation voltage p.u.

VCF Filtered compensation voltage p.u.

IE Excitation current p.u.

VE Excitation voltage p.u.

IEF Filtered excitation current p.u.

VREF Reference voltage (set-point) p.u.

IE,REF Reference excitation current (set-point) p.u.

VS PSS output p.u.

VUEL Under excitation limiter output p.u.

VTHL Thermal limiter output p.u.

VOEL Over excitation limiter output p.u.

Table 4: Excitation model signals.





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Figure 2: THYNE5/THYNE6 excitation system model.





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VTH Thyristor voltage 550 V

KE Amplification of rectifier 1.35 1)

KT Amplification of excitation transformer KT = VTH / VE,r 2.03

KN Re-normalization factor KN = IE,r / IE,ag 2.08

TE Time constant rectifier 0.003 s

Table 5: Power part model parameters.

1) For a 3-phase thyristor bridge.





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α Active power compensation (droop) factor - p.u.

β Reactive power compensation (droop) factor - p.u.

TFU Time const. voltage transducer 0.01 s

VPU Proportional gain, voltage controller 5 p.u.

TNU Integrator time constant, voltage controller 0.7 s

KDU Differential gain, voltage controller 0 p.u.

TDU Differential filter time constant, voltage controller 1 s

VPUmin Min. input limit, voltage controller -2.0 p.u.

VPUmax Max. input limit, voltage controller 2.0 p.u.

VTUmin Min. integrator limit, voltage controller IE - 0.33 p.u.

VTUmax Max. integrator limit, voltage controller IE +0.33 p.u.

VOUmin Min. output limit, voltage controller IE - 0.33 p.u.

VOUmax Max. output limit, voltage controller IE +0.33 p.u.

TFI Time const. field current transducer 0.005 s

VPI Proportional gain, current controller 4 p.u.

TNI Integrator time constant, current controller 0 s

VPImin Min. input limit, voltage controller -16.0 p.u.

VPImax Max. input limit, voltage controller 16.0 p.u.

VTImin Min. integrator limit, voltage controller -0.8660 p.u.

VTImax Max. integrator limit, voltage controller 0.9962 p.u.

VOImin Min. output limit, voltage controller -0.8660 p.u.

VOImax Max. output limit, voltage controller 0.9962 p.u.

Table 6: AVR model parameters.





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2.2.2 Power System Stabilizer

The power system stabilizer is a PSS2A/B type according to IEEE 421.5 as shown in Figure 3. The corresponding parameters are listed in Table 7.

Figure 3: Power system stabilizer block diagram.





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TW1 Wash out time constant 1 5 s




T6 Low pass filter time constant 6 0 s

T7 Low pass filter time constant 7 5 s

KS2 Proportional gain 2 0.64

KS3 Proportional gain 3 1

T8 Ramp tracking filter time constant of numerator 0.5 s

T9 Ramp tracking filter time constant of denominator 0.1 s

M Ramp tracking filter exponent of denominator 5

N Ramp tracking filter exponent of numerator 1

T1 Lead lag 1 time constant of numerator 0.13 s

T2 Lead lag 1 time constant of denominator 0.04 s





SAB Switch: 0 … PSS2A / 1 … PSS2B 1

KS1 Proportional gain 1 4

VSmin Min. PSS output limit -0.05 p.u.

VSmax Max. PSS output limit 0.05 p.u.

Table 7: Power system stabilizer parameters.





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2.2.3 Instantaneous Field Current Limiter

The instantaneous field current limiter as shown in Figure 4 consists of two parallel PI controllers with anti-wind-up integrators. The corresponding parameters can be found in Table 8.

Figure 4: Instantaneous field current limiter block diagram.


IEmin Lower field current limit p.u.

KP,FCLmin Proportional gain of minimum regulator

TI,FCLmin Integrator time constant of minimum regulator s

VFCLmin Output limit of minimum regulator p.u.

IEmax Upper field current limit p.u.

KP,FCLmax Proportional gain of maximum regulator

TI,FCLmax Integrator time constant of maximum regulator s

VFCLmax Output limit of maximum regulator p.u.

Table 8: Instantaneous field current limiter parameters.





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2.2.4 Under Excitation Limiter

The structure of the under excitation limiter is shown in Figure 5. Is comprises a differential and a PI controller with separate limits. The corresponding parameters can be found in Table 9.

Figure 5: Under excitation limiter block diagram.


θD,LIM Differential rotor angle limit p.u.

KDUEL Differential gain

TDUEL Filter time constant of differentiator s

VD,UELmax Output limit of differentiator 1.0 p.u.

θLIM Rotor angle limit p.u.

KPUEL Proportional gain

TIUEL Integrator time constant s

VUELmax Output limit 2.0 p.u.

Table 9: Under excitation limiter parameters.





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2.2.5 Thermal Limiter

The block diagram of the thermal limiter is illustrated in Figure 6. Two separate time constants for the delayed signals of the stator current and field current as well as the hysteresis can be chosen. The controller is an integrator with two different time constants, i.e. TI1 for raising or lowering if the limiter becomes active and TI2 for resetting the limiter. The corresponding parameters can be found in Table 10.

Figure 6: Thermal limiter block diagram.





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T1 Time constant for delayed stator current s

ITmax Limit for stator current p.u.

ITzone Hysteresis for stator current p.u.

IQmin Lower limit for reactive current p.u.

IQmax Upper limit for reactive current p.u.

T2 Time constant for delayed field current s

IEmax Limit for field current p.u.

IEzone Hysteresis for field current p.u.

TI1 Integrator time constant 1 s

TI2 Integrator time constant 2 s

Table 10: Thermal limiter parameters.





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3 STANDARD MODELS 3.1 Standard Model IEEE 421.5 ST8C

For the next revision of the IEEE standard 421.5 a new static excitation model ST8C is proposed, see Figure 7 similar as presented in [5], which will allow a precise modelling of the THYNE5 and THYNE6 excitation system. The corresponding parameters (incl. calculation) are listed in Table 11. The differential component of the voltage regulator KDU cannot be represented by the ST8C model.

Figure 7: Proposed IEEE 421.5 ST8C model.





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KP Potential circuit gain coefficient KP = KT, SW1 = A (shunt field) p.u.

KI1 Potential circuit gain coefficient 0 p.u.

XL Potential circuit gain coefficient 0 p.u.

KI2 Potential circuit gain coefficient for compound 0 p.u.

KC1 Rectifier loading factor proportional to commutating reactance 0 p.u.

KC2 Rectifier loading factor proportional to commutating reactance 0 p.u.

RC Active power compensation (droop) factor RC = α p.u.

XC Reactive power compensation (droop) factor XC = β p.u.

TR Time const. voltage transducer TR = TFU 0.01 s

KPR Proportional gain, voltage controller KPR = VPU p.u.

KIR Integrator time constant, voltage controller KIR = VPU / TNU 1/s

VPRmin Min. input limit, voltage controller -2.0 p.u.

VPRmax Max. input limit, voltage controller 2.0 p.u.

VIRmin Min. integrator limit, voltage controller IFDF - 0.33 p.u.

VIRmax Max. integrator limit, voltage controller IFDF +0.33 p.u.

VORmin Min. output limit, voltage controller IFDF - 0.33 p.u.

VORmax Max. output limit, voltage controller IFDF +0.33 p.u.

KF2 Field current re-normalization factor KF2 = 1/KN

TF2 Time const. field current transducer TF2 = TFI 0.005 s

KPA Proportional gain, current controller KPA = VPI p.u.

KIA Integrator gain, current controller KIA = VPI / TNI 1/s

VPMmin Min. input limit, voltage controller -16.0 p.u.

VPMmax Max. input limit, voltage controller 16.0 p.u.

VIMmin Min. integrator limit, voltage controller -0.8660 p.u.

VIMmax Max. integrator limit, voltage controller 0.9962 p.u.

VOMmin Min. output limit, voltage controller -0.8660 p.u.

VOMmax Max. output limit, voltage controller 0.9962 p.u.





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KA Amplification of excitation KA = KN KE

TA Time constant rectifier 0.0013 s

VRmin Min. output limit, converter VRmin = KA VOMmin p.u.

VRmax Max. output limit, converter VRmin = KA VOMmax p.u.

Table 11: ST8C model parameters.

REFERENCES

[1] Andritz Hydro, “GMR3 – Voltage Regulator and Gate Control Functional Description”, Andritz Hydro GmbH, Austria, 2012.

[2] P. Kundur, "Power System Stability and Control", McGraw-Hill, New York, 1993.

[3] IEC 60034-16-2 1991 Standard “Rotating electrical machines - Part 16: Excitation systems for synchronous machines - Chapter 2: Models for power system studies”.

[4] IEEE Standard 421.5, "IEEE Recommended Practice for Excitation System Models for Power System Stability Studies" April 2006.

[5] A. Glaninger-Katschnig, F. Nowak, M. Baechle and J. Taborda, “New Digital Excitation System Models in addition to IEEE.421.5 2005”, IEEE PES General Meeting, 2010

pe-adz-7e05010104-mdc-948-r00 powerhouse - model for power system stability - thyne5&thyne6

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