KS3 PE Knowledge organiser- Autumn Term – Warm up & Cool Down/ Health and Safety/ Health Related Fitness/ Skill related FitnessWarm Up The Components of Fitness

1. What is the purpose of a warm up? 1. To gradually increase the heart rate (HR)

2. Mental preparation3. Prevent injury4. Send oxygen to the working

muscles

14. The five components of health related fitness are:

1. Cardiovascular endurance 2. Muscular strength3. Muscular endurance4. Flexibility5. Body composition

2. What is the 1st stage of a warm up? Pulse raiser (5-10 minutes) 15. The 6 components of skill related fitness are:

1. Agility2. Balance3. Power4. Reaction time 5. Coordination6. Speed

3. What is the 2nd stage of a warm up?

Stretches (10 seconds each)

4. What is the 3rd stage of a warm up? Specific skills (5-10 minutes)5. Stretches that involve movement

are called what?Dynamic stretches

6. Stretches without movement are called?

Static stretches 16. What is the definition of Agility? Maintaining control of the body whilst changing direction at speed

Cool Down Fitness Tests7. What is the purpose of a cool

down?1. Gradually return to resting heart

rate2. Disperse lactic acid3. Reduce muscle soreness (DOMS)

17. What are the fitness tests for following components?Cardiovascular endurance 12 minute Cooper runMuscular endurance 1 minute sit up test

8. What is the 1st stage of a cool down?

Jogging getting slower in to a walk (5- 10 minutes)

Flexibility Sit and reach test

9. What is the 2nd stage of a cool down?

Stretching (held for 30 seconds each) Agility Illinois agility run

10.

What is the 3rd stage of a cool down?

Relaxation exercise Balance Standing Stork Test

11.

Do we use dynamic or static stretches for a cool down?

Static Power Standing broad jump

Health and Safety Reaction time Ruler drop test12.

Three factors that contribute to health and safety in sport are:

1. Wearing appropriate clothing2. Wearing appropriate footwear3. Removing jewellery

13.

What should always be checked before starting exercise?

1. The playing area- no spillages or holes

2. That the equipment is not damaged

Year 8 PE Knowledge organiser- Spring Term – The Structure of the muscular system/Short term effects of Exercise/ Long term effects of exerciseThe Function of Muscles 12. Explain why a reduction in blood

pressure happens?Regular activity makes your heart stronger. A stronger heart can pump more blood with less effort. If your heart can work less to pump, the force on your arteries decreases, lowering your blood pressure

1. What do muscles allow the body to do?

Move/movement

2. Describe the word contract/contraction?

The muscle getting shorter

3. Muscles do what to the bone? Pull the bone 13. How does an increase in RBC’s help performance?

More oxygen can be carried to the working muscles

Short-term effects of Exercise Location of the Main Muscles4. There are three key short-term effects

of physical activity, what are they?1. Increased fatigue2. Increased heart rate3. Increased breathing rate

14. Main Muscles: Deltoid Biceps Triceps Abdominals Trapezius Latissimus Dorsi Pectorals Hip Flexors

Gluteus Maximus Hamstrings Quadriceps

5. What does fatigue mean? Tiredness6. Why does the heart rate increase? The heart needs to pump more

oxygen to the muscles7. Why does breathing rate increase? The muscles need more oxygen (fuel)

The Long-term effects of Exercise

8. What are the three long term effects of exercise?

1. Reduction in resting heart rate (RHR)

2. Increase in muscle3. Increase in flexibility4. Reduction in blood pressure

(BP)5. Increase of red blood cells

(RBC)9. Why do we get an increase in muscle? Repeat exercise makes our muscles

bigger (especially weight training)15. What are the 2 main arm muscles? Biceps and Triceps

16. What muscles move the lower leg? Quadriceps and Hamstring10. What happens to the heart after long

term exercise that means RHR is reduced?

The heart gets stronger- this means it can pump more blood (carrying oxygen) in one beat, so doesn’t need to beat as hard.

17. What muscle contracts during sit-ups? Abdominals18. What does the tricep do when the bicep

contracts?Relaxes

19. What does the hamstring do when the quadricep relaxes?

Contracts

11. Why is an increase in flexibility good? The performer is less likely to suffer an injury

20. All muscles work in… Pairs

Year 8 PE Knowledge organiser- Summer Term – The Structure of the skeletal system/the functions of the skeletal system/Types of bonesThe Skeleton The Functions of the Skeleton

1. What are the two parts of the skeleton?

Axial Appendicular

10 Name 4 functions of the skeleton: Support Movement Protection of vital organs Shape

2. What bones are found in the axial skeleton?

Cranium Ribs Vertebrae Sternum

11. Explain the function of support: The skeleton holds your vital organs in place when playing sport. The vertebral column holds the body upright

3. What bones are found in the appendicular skeleton?

Clavicle Scapula Humerus Radius Ulna Carpals Tarsals Femur Tibia Fibula Phalanges

12. How does the skeleton allow movement to take place?

Muscles are attached to bones, which are jointed. When the muscles contract the bones move

13. How does the skeleton allow the protection of vital organs?

The cranium and ribs protect the brain and vital organs in the chest.

14. Describe the function shape: The skeleton gives shape to the body and makes you tall or short

Types of Bone15. Name three types of bone Long bone

Short bone Flat bone

4. What is the axial skeleton? The axial skeleton is the part of the skeleton that consists of the bones of the head and trunk of a vertebrate

16. State 2 examples of long bones

Humerus femur

5. What is the appendicular skeleton?

The appendicular skeleton is the portion of the skeleton that consists of the arms and legs

17. State 2 examples of short bones carpals tarsals

The Vertebral Column 18. State 2 examples of flat bones cranium ribs6. State 3 parts of the

vertebral column Cervical Thoracic Lumbar

19. What do long bones do? They allow gross (big) movements.

7. What do the cervical vertebrae do?

Support the neck 20. What do short bones do? Allow small/finer movements and shock absorption

8. What do the thoracic vertebrae do?

Allow some movement (bending forwards, backwards and side to side)

21. What do flat bones do? Protection of vital organs (cranium protects the brain)

9. What do the vertebrae in the lumbar section do?

Allow a large range of movement (bending forwards, backwards and side to side)

Cranium