peace corps morocco welcome book | october 2006

8/9/2019 Peace Corps Morocco Welcome Book | October 2006

1/127

PBK ^KHMK MA_^] UKCMAGK] ZA[ PAG A _ A M M A

H ^ K H M K M A _ ^ ] ^ [ O C J M H P J A F

I A _ F K U Y A C [ F P K K _ ]

A m p a o k r ? > > 9


2/127


3/127

H UK CMAGK CKPPK_

Maferhp{chpjaf} af za{r jfyjphpjaf pa okmagk h ^khmk Mar~}Yac{fpkkr jf Garamma hf` za{r `kmj}jaf pa okejf ubhp ujcc

ok afk ai pbk ga}p rkuhr`jfe hf` mbhcckfejfe k~krjkfmk} ai

za{r cjik& Pbk ~ka~ck ai Garamma# hcafe ujpb ^khmk Mar~} }phii

hf` Yac{fpkkr}# caal iaruhr` pa gkkpjfe hf` uarljfe ujpb za{

aykr pbk fkp pua zkhr}&

Hcc Yac{fpkkr} jf Garamma hrk h}}jefk` pa camhpjaf} a{p}j`k

pbk mh~jphc# hf` ga}p pbrjyk af pbk rkchpjykcz }jg~ck cjik}pzck

hf` erkhpcz h~~rkmjhpk pbk ~ka~ck ujpb ubag pbkz uarl&

]pjcc# h`h~pjfe hf` mafprjo{pjfe pa h fku }amjkpz ujcc

rkx{jrk ~hpjkfmk# eaa` b{gar# ghp{rjpz# hf` bhr` uarl&

Yac{fpkkr} uba }{mmkk` jf pbj} ~ramk}} ujcc ehjf jfyhc{hock

{f`kr}phf`jfe# fku uhz} ai }kkjfe pbk uarc`# kg~hpbz iar pbk

~ka~ck ai hfapbkr ma{fprz# hf` h erkhpkr }kf}k ai }kci'uarpb&

Yac{fpkkr} rkmkjyk kmkcckfp gk`jmhc mhrk# prhjfjfe# ~raerhg

}{~~arp# hf` h`gjfj}prhpjyk }kryjmk}& Pbk 88'ukkl prhjfjfe

~raerhg kg~bh}jtk} gh}pkrz ai chfe{hek# jfpra`{mpjaf pa pbk

pkmbfjmhc }ljcc} jf za{r ~rjfmj~hc uarl hmpjyjpjk}# hf` pbk mra}}'

m{cp{rhc h`h~phpjaf pbhp j} k}}kfpjhc iar h gkhfjfei{c Yac{fpkkr

k~krjkfmk& @{rjfe ga}p ai pbk prhjfjfe ~krja`# za{ ujcc cjyk

ujpb h Garammhf ihgjcz hf` ckhrf hoa{p pbk m{cp{rk ijr}p'bhf`&Za{ ujcc hc}a ckhrf bau pa ghjfphjf eaa` bkhcpb hf` rk`{mk

za{r }hikpz hf` }km{rjpz rj}l}&

Pbk x{hcjpz ai za{r ^khmk Mar~} k~krjkfmk j} chrekcz jf za{r

bhf`}& Za{ }ba{c` okejf pa ~rk~hrk za{r}kci fau oz ckhrfjfe

hoa{p Garamma hf` jp} ~ka~ck hf` oz }p{`zjfe za{r Yac{fpkkr

h}}jefgkfp `k}mrj~pjaf hf` pbk jfiarghpjaf jf pbj} Ukcmagk

Oaal& @a fap ok `h{fpk` oz bau g{mb pbkrk j} pa ckhrf& ]aaf#

za{ ujcc ihmk pbk mbhcckfek} hf` }bhrk pbk rkuhr`} ai ^khmk

Mar~} }kryjmk&

Or{mk D& Mabkf

Ma{fprz @jrkmpar


4/127


5/127

PHOCK AI MAFPKFP]

Gh~ ai Garamma

H Ukcmagk Ckppkr 8

^khmk Mar~}!Garamma Bj}parz hf` ^raerhg} 5

Bj}parz ai pbk ^khmk Mar~} jf Garamma 5

Bj}parz hf` I{p{rk ai ^khmk Mar~}^raerhggjfe jf Garamma 5':

Ma{fprz Aykryjku4 Garamma hp h Echfmk 88

Bj}parz 88'8?

Eaykrfgkfp 8?

Kmafagz 8?'8=

^ka~ck hf` M{cp{rk 8='80Kfyjrafgkfp 80

_k}a{rmk} iar I{rpbkr Jfiarghpjaf 85

Cjyjfe Maf`jpjaf} hf` Yac{fpkkr Cjik}pzck ?;

Magg{fjmhpjaf} ?;'?5

Ba{}jfe hf` ]jpk Camhpjaf ?5'?2

Cjyjfe Hccauhfmk hf` Gafkz Ghfhekgkfp ?2'?:

Iaa` hf` @jkp ?:'=>

Prhf}~arphpjaf =>

Ekaerh~bz hf` Mcjghpk =>'=8

]amjhc Hmpjyjpjk} =8

^raik}}jafhcj}g# @rk}}# hf` Okbhyjar =8'=?

^kr}afhc ]hikpz =?'==

_kuhr`} hf` Ir{}prhpjaf} =='=0


6/127

^khmk Mar~} Prhjfjfe =5

Aykryjku ai ^rk']kryjmk Prhjfjfe =5'=2

Pkmbfjmhc Prhjfjfe =2'=:

Chfe{hek Prhjfjfe =:'0>Mra}}'M{cp{rhc Prhjfjfe 0>

Bkhcpb Prhjfjfe 0>'08

]hikpz Prhjfjfe 08

H``jpjafhc Prhjfjfe} @{rjfe Yac{fpkkr ]kryjmk 08'0?

Za{r Bkhcpb Mhrk hf` ]hikpz jf Garamma 0;

Bkhcpb J}}{k} jf Garamma 0;Bkc~jfe Za{ ]phz Bkhcpbz 09

Ghjfphjfjfe Za{r Bkhcpb 09'05

Uagkf} Bkhcpb Jfiarghpjaf 02

Za{r ^khmk Mar~} Gk`jmhc Ljp 02'0:

Okiark Za{ Ckhyk4 H Gk`jmhc Mbkmlcj}p 0:';8

]hikpz hf` ]km{rjpzA{r ^hrpfkr}bj~ ;8';2Ihmpar} pbhp Mafprjo{pk pa Yac{fpkkr _j}l ;?

]{gghrz ]prhpkejk} pa _k`{mk _j}l ;=

]{~~arp irag ]phii ;2

]km{rjpz J}}{k} jf Garamma ;2'9>

]phzjfe ]hik4 @afp Ok h Phrekp iar Mrjgk 98

^rk~hrjfe iar pbk [fk~kmpk`4 ]hikpz Prhjfjfe

hf` Yac{fpkkr ]{~~arp jf Garamma 98'9=

@jykr}jpz hf` Mra}}'M{cp{rhc J}}{k} 9;

Aykryjku ai @jykr}jpz jf Garamma 99

Ubhp Gjebp h Yac{fpkkr Ihmk1 95

â}}jock J}}{k} iar Ikghck Yac{fpkkr} 92'9:

â}}jock J}}{k} iar Yac{fpkkr} ai Macar 9:'58

â}}jock J}}{k} iar ]kfjar Yac{fpkkr}58'5?â}}jock J}}{k} iar Ghrrjk` Yac{fpkkr} 5='50

â}}jock J}}{k} iar Ehz# Ck}ojhf#ar Oj}k{hc Yac{fpkkr} 50'5;

â}}jock _kcjeja{} J}}{k} iar Yac{fpkkr} 5;'59

â}}jock J}}{k} iar @j}hock` Yac{fpkkr} 59


7/127

Irkx{kfpcz H}lk` X{k}pjaf} 5:

Ukcmagk Ckppkr} Irag Garamma Yac{fpkkr} 2;

^hmljfe Cj}p 8>:

^rk'`k~hrp{rk Mbkmlcj}p 88:

Mafphmpjfe ^khmk Mar~} Bkh`x{hrpkr} 8?=


8/127


9/127

^KHMK MA_^]!GA_AMMA

BJ ]PA_Z HF@ ^_AE_HG]Bj}parz ai pbk ^khmk Mar~} jf Garamma

Garamma uh} hgafe pbk ijr}p ma{fprjk} pa jfyjpk pbk ^khmk

Mar~} pa h}}j}p jf jp} `kykca~gkfp ~ramk}}& H era{~ ai ;=

}{rykzar}# Kfecj}b pkhmbkr}# hf` jrrjehpjaf }{~kryj}ar} hrrjyk`

jf Garamma jf 8:9= hp pbk jfyjphpjaf ai pbk Gjfj}prz ai

Iarkjef Hiihjr}&

]jfmk pbkf# gark pbhf =#2>> Yac{fpkkr} bhyk }kryk` jf pbk

Ljfe`ag ai Garamma jf hrkh} }{mb h} cho pkmbfacaez# {rohf

`kykca~gkfp# bagk kmafagjm}# maggkrmjhc `kykca~gkfp#

k`{mhpjaf ai pbk ocjf` hf` `khi# r{rhc uhpkr }{~~cz#

yamhpjafhc k`{mhpjaf# ghpkrfhc mbjc` bkhcpb# fhp{rhc rk}a{rmk}ghfhekgkfp# za{pb `kykca~gkfp# ghrjfk hf` jfchf` ij}bkrjk}#

}ghcc o{}jfk}} `kykca~gkfp# }~arp}# okklkk~jfe# hrmbjpkmp{rk#

hf` Kfecj}b chfe{hek prhjfjfe&

Bj}parz hf` I{p{rk ai ^khmk Mar~} ^raerhggjfe jf Garamma

Jf macchoarhpjaf ujpb eaykrfgkfphc ~hrpfkr}# ^khmk Mar~}!Garamma uarl} jf ia{r ~rjghrz hrkh}4 za{pb `kykca~gkfp#

bkhcpb# kfyjrafgkfp# hf` }ghcc o{}jfk}} `kykca~gkfp&

Jf 8::;# k`{mhpjaf Yac{fpkkr} okehf pkhmbjfe Kfecj}b jf

magg{fjpz za{pb mkfpkr} "@hr Mbkoho*# kfhocjfe za{pb pa

~rhmpjmk pbk Kfecj}b pbkz ckhrfk` jf }mbaac& Ubjck mafpkfp'

oh}k` Kfecj}b pkhmbjfe j} }pjcc uj`kcz {}k`# pbk ~raerhg pa`hz

iam{}k} af za{pb ckh`kr}bj~# }prkfepbkfjfe za{pb fkpuarl}#

mh~hmjpz'o{jc`jfe ai ~raik}}jafhc} uba uarl ujpb za{pb# hf`

~ragapjaf ai ejrc} k`{mhpjaf& Yac{fpkkr} uarl ujpb camhc

~raik}}jafhc} hf` za{pb pa ~ragapk yac{fpkkrj}g hf` za{pb

H U K C M A G K O A A L G A _ A M M A 5


10/127

ckh`kr}bj~ pbra{eb hmpjyjpjk} }{mb h} }~arp}# }p{`z ai uarc`

ekaerh~bz# cjorhrjk}# kkrmj}k mch}}k}# kfyjrafgkfphc ~radkmp}#

~radkmp ghfhekgkfp prhjfjfe# pbkghpjm Kfecj}b pkhmbjfe# hf`}kci'k}pkkg hmpjyjpjk} iar ejrc}&

Pbk ^khmk Mar~}!Garamma bkhcpb ~radkmp iam{}k} af

~ragapjfe bkhcpb hf` bzejkfk ~rhmpjmk} pbra{eb yhrja{}

hmpjyjpjk}# jfmc{`jfe4 8* k`{mhpjfe jf`jyj`{hc} "gkf# uagkf

hf` mbjc`rkf* af f{prjpjaf# yhmmjfhpjaf# `kfphc bzejkfk#

bhf`'uh}bjfe# uhpkr ~{rjijmhpjaf!`j}jfikmpjaf# ~ra~kr }parhek

ai `rjfljfe uhpkr# ~ra~kr uh}pk `j}~a}hc# ]P@'BJY!HJ@}

huhrkfk}} hf` ~rkykfpjaf< ?* prhjfjfe bkhcpb }kryjmk}

~rayj`kr} "prh`jpjafhc ojrpb hppkf`hfp}# f{r}k}* pa rkjfiarmk

pbkjr hojcjpz pa `kcjykr x{hcjpz }kryjmk hf` jg~rayk pbkjr

magg{fjmhpjaf }ljcc}< hf`# =* prhjfjfe hf` mahmbjfe camhc

FEA} hf` `kykca~gkfp h}}amjhpjaf ckh`kr} pa o{jc` hf`

}{}phjf pbkjr mh~hmjpz jf h}}k}}jfe magg{fjpz fkk`}# ~chffjfe

hf` urjpjfe bkhcpb'rkchpk` ~radkmp ~ra~a}hc} "k&e uhpkr#

}hfjphpjaf# uh}pk `j}~a}hc# BJY!HJ@} huhrkfk}}*# }khrmbjfe

iar i{f`}# hf` prhjfjfe za{pb ckh`kr} jf cjik }ljcc}& Bkhcpb

Yac{fpkkr} uarl hp pbk Gjfj}prz ai Bkhcpb hf` hrk h}}jefk` pa

r{rhc magg{fjpjk} pbra{eba{p Garamma&

Jf 8:2;# pbk Eaykrfgkfp ai Garamma jfyjpk` ^khmk Mar~}

pa h}}j}p ujpb kfyjrafgkfphc gafjparjfe hf` ghfhekgkfpai Garamma} fhpjafhc ~hrl} hf` ojacaejmhc rk}kryk}& Pa`hz#

^khmk Mar~}!Garamma} kfyjrafgkfp }kmpar macchoarhpk} ujpb

pbk @k~hrpgkfp ai Uhpkr hf` Iark}p}# pbk Gjfj}prz ai _{rhc

@kykca~gkfp# hf` apbkr faf'eaykrfgkfphc arehfjthpjaf}

"FEA}*& Pbkz h``rk}} fhp{rhc rk}a{rmk} ghfhekgkfp hf`

r{rhc `kykca~gkfp j}}{k} jf Garamma h} ukcc h} pbk fkk`}

ai r{rhc magg{fjpjk} cjyjfe jf ar fkhr ~rapkmpk` hrkh}&Yac{fpkkr} uarl ujpb magg{fjpz ckh`kr}# camhc magg{fjpz

era{~} "gkf}# uagkf} ar dajfp h}}amjhpjaf}*# hf` apbkr

ma{fpkr~hrp} hf` ~hrpfkr} pa jfjpjhpk hmpjyjpjk} pa }kf}jpjtk pbk

magg{fjpjk} pa pbk jg~arphfmk ai pbkjr camhc kfyjrafgkfp&

^ K H M K M A _ ^ ]2


11/127

H U K C M A G K O A A L G A _ A M M A :

Pbj} j} `afk oz ~ragapjfe kfyjrafgkfphc k`{mhpjaf ~raerhg}

hf` kma'pa{rj}g& Pbkz uarl af }amja'kmafagjm ~radkmp} }{mb

h} jg~rayjfe hroarjm{cp{rk# ~aphock uhpkr# hf` herjm{cp{rk>;'>9#j} k~kmpk` pa bhyk h ~a}jpjyk jg~hmp af herjm{cp{rhc hmpjyjpz#

baukykr# ujpb erhjf bhryk}p} "k&e ubkhp# ohrckz*# k~kmpk` pa

}{r~h}} ~rkyja{} rkmar`}& Cafe'pkrg mbhcckfek} iar Garamma

jfmc{`k }kryjmjfe kpkrfhc `kop# ~rk~hrjfe pbk kmafagz iar

irkkr prh`k ujpb pbk K{ra~khf [fjaf# jg~rayjfe k`{mhpjaf hf`

cjyjfe }phf`hr`}# hf` ijf`jfe dao} iar jp} za{pbi{c ~a~{chpjaf

"hoa{p 9> ~krmkfp ai Garammhf} hrk {f`kr hek ?;*& Kiikmpjyk

Dhf{hrz 8# ?>>9# pbk Garammhf eaykrfgkfp jg~ckgkfpk` h

irkk prh`k herkkgkfp "IPH* ujpb pbk [&] maf}acj`hpjfe pbk

pua ma{fprjk} kj}pjfe eaa` pjk}&

^ka~ck hf` M{cp{rk

Garamma bh} h ~a~{chpjaf ai hcga}p => gjccjaf hf` hf hff{hceraupb rhpk ai d{}p aykr 8&0 ~krmkfp& Pbk ma{fprz} ojrpbrhpk

j} ??&2 ~kr 8#>>> ~ka~ck# hf` pbk `khpb rhpk j} ;&5 ~kr 8#>>>

~ka~ck& Pbk hykrhek cjik k~kmphfmz j} d{}p {f`kr 92 zkhr} iar

gkf hf` d{}p aykr 5? zkhr} iar uagkf&

Gark pbhf :: ~krmkfp ai Garammhf} hrk ]{ffj G{}cjg} ai

Hrho# Okrokr# ar gjk` Hrho'Okrokr hfmk}prz& Pbk ma{fprz}

Dkuj}b gjfarjpz f{gokr} okpukkf =#>>>';#>>>& Ga}p ai

pbk 9>#>>> iarkjef rk}j`kfp}# ghfz ai pbkg pkhmbkr} ar

pkmbfjmjhf}# hrk Irkfmb ar ]~hfj}b& Hrhojm j} pbk aiijmjhc hf`

~rjfmj~hc chfe{hek ai Garamma# o{p yhrja{} Okrokr `jhckmp}

H U K C M A G K O A A L G A _ A M M A 8=


16/127

^ K H M K M A _ ^ ]80

hrk hc}a uj`kcz }~alkf& H} h rkgfhfp ai Garamma} macafjhc

bj}parz# Irkfmb j} pbk ~rkàgjfhfp }kmaf` chfe{hek hf`

]~hfj}b j} uj`kcz }~alkf jf farpbkrf Garamma&

Pbkrk j} fap h cap ai jfpkrhmpjaf okpukkf gkf hf` uagkf jf

~{ocjm# }a jp ghz phlk }agk pjgk pa ekp pa lfau pbk ~ka~ck

jf za{r magg{fjpz& Baukykr# afmk za{ à# za{ ujcc ijf`

Garammhf} pa ok uhrg# ekfkra{}# hf` ba}~jphock&

Kfyjrafgkfp

Garamma bh} h paphc hrkh ai 85?#>>> }x{hrk gjck}& Ujpb hf

ho{f`hfmk ai }hf`# }kh# hf` }fau# pbk ma{fprz j} oar`krk`

af pbk farpb oz pbk Gk`jpkrrhfkhf ]kh hf` af pbk uk}p oz

pbk Hpchfpjm Amkhf hf` kpkf`} pa pbk kèk ai pbk Uk}pkrf

]hbhrh jf pbk }a{pb& Pbk ghdarjpz ai Garamma} ~a~{chpjaf

cjyk} jf pbk iaapbjcc} ai pbk aipkf }faumh~~k` Hpch} Ga{fphjf}

jf pbk farpb& Okpukkf pbk ga{fphjf} hf` pbk Hpchfpjm mah}p

hrk ~chpkh{} hf` ikrpjck# ukcc'uhpkrk` ~chjf}& Jf pbk kprkgk

}a{pb# hp pbk kèk ai pbk Hfpj'Hpch} Ga{fphjf}# rjykr earek}

erh`{hccz ih`k jfpa pbk kf`ck}} }hf`} ai pbk yh}p ]hbhrh&

Pbk maack}p ai pbk bappk}p ma{fprjk}# Garamma bh} h

mcjghpk pbhp j} rhpbkr {f'Hirjmhf& Jf pbk bjebkr kckyhpjaf}#

jf ~hrpjm{chr# ujfpkr maf`jpjaf} mhf ok ~a}jpjykcz hrmpjm& Jf}{ggkr# pbk ga{fphjf} hrk bap `{rjfe pbk `hz hf` maac hp

fjebp& Pbk rhjfz }kh}af j} farghccz irag Faykgokr pa H~rjc#

hf` pbk hga{fp ai rhjfihcc ujcc yhrz `k~kf`jfe af pbk rkejaf&


17/127

H U K C M A G K O A A L G A _ A M M A 8;

F A P K ]


18/127


19/127


_K]A[_MK] IA_

I[_PBK_ JFIA_GHPJAF

Iaccaujfe j} h cj}p ai uko}jpk} iar h``jpjafhc jfiarghpjaf hoa{p

pbk ^khmk Mar~} hf` Garamma hf` hc}a pa maffkmp za{ pa

rkp{rfk` Yac{fpkkr}& ^ckh}k lkk~ jf gjf` pbhp hcpba{eb uk prz

pa ghlk }{rk hcc pbk}k cjfl} hrk hmpjyk hf` m{rrkfp# uk mhffap

e{hrhfpkk pbj}&

H fapk ai mh{pjaf4 h} za{ }{ri pbk Jfpkrfkp# za{ ghz ijf`

o{cckpjf oahr`} hf` mbhp raag} jf ubjmb ~ka~ck hrk irkk pa

k~rk}} a~jfjaf} hoa{p pbk ^khmk Mar~} oh}k` af pbkjr auf

k~krjkfmk}# jfmc{`jfe maggkfp} oz pba}k uba ukrk {fbh~~z

ujpb pbkjr mbajmk pa }kryk jf pbk ^khmk Mar~}& Pbk}k a~jfjaf}

hrk fap pba}k ai pbk ^khmk Mar~} ar pbk [&]& eaykrfgkfp# hf`

uk ba~k za{ ujcc lkk~ jf gjf` pbhp fa pua ~ka~ck k~krjkfmk

pbkjr }kryjmk jf pbk }hgk uhz&

Ekfkrhc Jfiarghpjaf Hoa{p Garamma

uuu&cafkcz~chfkp&mag!`k}pjfhpjaf}

Yj}jp pbj} }jpk iar ekfkrhc prhykc h`yjmk hoa{p hcga}p hfzma{fprz jf pbk uarc`&

uuu&}phpk&eay

Pbk [&]& ]phpk @k~hrpgkfp} uko}jpk j}}{k} ohmlera{f` fapk}

~krja`jmhccz hoa{p ma{fprjk} hra{f` pbk uarc`& Ijf` Garamma

hf` ckhrf gark hoa{p jp} }amjhc hf` ~acjpjmhc bj}parz&

uuu&ekaerh~bz&hoa{p&mag!cjorhrz!gh~}!ocjf`k&bpg

Pbj} afcjfk uarc` hpch} jfmc{`k} gh~} hf` ekaerh~bjmhc

jfiarghpjaf# hf` khmb ma{fprz ~hek mafphjf} cjfl} pa apbkr

}jpk}# }{mb h} pbk Cjorhrz ai Maferk}}# ubjmb mafphjf

mag~rkbkf}jyk bj}parjmhc# }amjhc# hf` ~acjpjmhc

ohmlera{f` jfiarghpjaf&


20/127

bpp~4!!ckjmarjkfp&mag!garamma!jf`k&bpg

Pbj} e{j`k pa prhykc jf Garamma aiikr} mjpz'}~kmjijm

`k}mrj~pjaf}# ~bapa}# hf` }a{f` mcj~}&

uuu&garamma&mag

Pbj} }jpk a~krhpk` oz Yjrp{hc Ma{fprjk} ~rk}kfp} o{}jfk}}#

m{cp{rhc# hf` prhykc jfiarghpjaf af Garamma&

uuu&hrhojfia&are

Pbj} }jpk ikhp{rk} pbk chpk}p fku} irag Hrhojm fku}~h~kr}

hra{f` pbk uarc`&

bpp~4!!uuu&ghram&gh!^arphjcJf}p!Hf!bagk

Ehpkuhz aiijmjhccz ch{fmbk` oz pbk Garammhf Eaykrgkfp jf

H~rjc ?>>9 pa jfpra`{mk Garammhf jf}pjp{pjaf}# }amjkpz hf`

m{cp{rk pa fkp }{rikr} h} ukcc h} aiikr afcjfk ~{ocjm }kryjmk pa

Garammhf mjpjtkf} hf` k~hp} jf ma{fprz&

Maffkmp Ujpb _kp{rfk` Yac{fpkkr} hf` Apbkr Jfyjpkk}

uuu&irjkf`}aigaramma&are

Pbj} j} h gkgokr}bj~ arehfjthpjaf iar Hgkrjmhf}# ga}pcz

rkp{rfk` ^khmk Mar~} Yac{fpkkr} "_^MY}* ujpb k~krjkfmk

jf Garamma# hf` Garammhf} cjyjfe jf pbk [&]& Pbk }jpk bh} h

ukhcpb ai hrpjmck} hf` jfiarghpjaf af Garamma hf` ikhp{rk} h

ukklcz {~`hpk af Garamma'rkchpk` kykfp} hf` fku} mcj~~jfe}&

uuu&r~my&are

Pbj} j} pbk }jpk ai pbk Fhpjafhc ^khmk Mar~} H}}amjhpjaf#

mag~a}k` ai _^MY}& Af pbj} }jpk za{ mhf ijf` cjfl} pa hcc pbk

Uko ~hek} ai pbk irjkf`} ai era{~} iar ga}p ma{fprjk} ai

}kryjmk# gh`k {~ ai iargkr Yac{fpkkr} uba }kryk` jf pba}kma{fprjk}& Pbkrk hrk hc}a rkejafhc era{~} uba irkx{kfpcz ekp

paekpbkr iar }amjhc kykfp} hf` camhc yac{fpkkr hmpjyjpjk}&

^ K H M K M A _ ^ ]82


21/127

uuu&~khmkmar~}urjpkr}&are

Pbj} }jpk j} ba}pk` oz h era{~ ai _^MY urjpkr}& @k}jefk` pa

ok h gafpbcz afcjfk kckmprafjm fku}ckppkr# pbj} }jpk ~rk}kfp}k}}hz} hf` hmma{fp} ai ^khmk Mar~} Yac{fpkkr} }kryjmk&

Afcjfk Hrpjmck}!M{rrkfp Fku} Hoa{p Garamma

uuu&gh~&gh!

Pbk }jpk ai Garamma} aiijmjhc fhpjafhc fku} hekfmz# Ghebrko

Hrho ^rk}}&

bpp~4!!uuu&garammapjgk}&mag!

Pbk j} pbk ijr}p kckmprafjm Kfecj}b chfe{hek fku}~h~kr pa

ok j}}{k` jf Garamma "?>>;*& Jp j} ba}pk` oz h ~rjyhpk ~rk}}

hekfmz hf` j} {~`hpk` rke{chrcz&

uuu&garamma`hjcz&mag

H fku} }jpk af Garamma h} ukcc h} apbkr ~hrp} ai pbk uarc`&

uuu&farpb'hirjmh&mag

Pbj} da{rfhc aiikr} maggkfphrz hf` jf'`k~pb hfhcz}j} ai

~acjpjmhc# kmafagjm# hf` o{}jfk}} j}}{k} jf Farpb Hirjmh&

Hyhjchock oz }{o}mrj~pjaf afcz&

Jfpkrfhpjafhc @kykca~gkfp ]jpk} Hoa{p Garamma

bpp~4!!uuu&phfgjh&gh "kfecj}b ykr}jaf hyhjchock af

bagk~hek*

Pbk ijr}p ehpkuhz pbhp hjg} pa orjfe paekpbkr camhc# Garammhf

`kykca~gkfp FEA}# ~rayj`jfe hf jfpkrhmpjyk }jpk iar

`j}m{}}jaf ai `kykca~gkfp'rkchpk` j}}{k} hf` }bhrjfe

ai jfiarghpjaf&

uuu&~f{`&are&gh

[fjpk` Fhpjaf} @kykca~gkfp ^raerhggk "jf Irkfmb*

H U K C M A G K O A A L G A _ A M M A 8:


22/127

bpp~4!!uuu&{fjmki&are!jfiaozma{fprz!garamma&bpgc

]phpj}pjmhc `hph irag pbk [fjpk` Fhpjaf} Mbjc`rkf} I{f`

_kmaggkf`k` Oaal}

Fkhrcz hcc ai pbk}k oaal} hrk hyhjchock jf pbk ^khmk Mar~}!

Garamma _k}a{rmk Mkfpkr& Pba}k pbhp hrk a{p ai ~rjfp ghz ok

hyhjchock pbra{eb h maf}arpj{g ai oaal}kcckr} mhcck` Ojocjaijf`

ar pbra{eb h {fjykr}jpz cjorhrz&

8& Hr`jttafk# Pafz&Chrhoj} A4 ]parjk} ai Garamma&

Gjffkh~acj}4 Gjclukk` K`jpjaf}# 8::?&

Pbj} macckmpjaf ai caa}kcz maffkmpk` }parjk} hoa{p

Hgkrjmhf} jf Garamma# ubjmb erku a{p ai pbk h{pbar}

}phz pbkrk h} h I{corjebp }mbachr# ~rk}kfp} ghfz

jfpkrk}pjfe h}~kmp} ai pbk m{cp{rk&

?& Ohlkr# Hcj}af& Yajmk} ai _k}j}phfmk4 Arhc Bj}parjk} aiGarammhf Uagkf& Hcohfz4 ]phpk [fjykr}jpz ai Fku

Zarl ^rk}}# 8::2&

Ohlkr mbrafjmck} pbk jfyacykgkfp ai uagkf ckh`kr}

hf` uarljfe'mch}} hmpjyj}p} jf Garamma} }pr{eeck iar

jf`k~kf`kfmk irag Irhfmk&

=& Okf Dkcca{f# Phbhr& Pbk ]hf` Mbjc`& Ohcpjgark4 Dabf}Ba~ljf} [fjykr}jpz ^rk}}# ?>>>&

Pbj} oaal uaf Irhfmk} ~rk}pjeja{} Eafma{rp ^rjtk iar

cjpkrhp{rk& Jp x{k}pjaf} ekf`kr jf hf jfpkrk}pjfe uhz#

pba{eb }agk ghz fap cjlk pbk ~a}pga`krfj}p }pzck&

0& Oaukf# @affh Ckk# hf` Kykczf H& Khrcz "k`}&*&

Kykrz`hz Cjik jf pbk G{}cjg Gj``ck Kh}p "?f` k`&*&Ocaagjfepaf4 Jf`jhfh [fjykr}jpz ^rk}}# ?>>?&

^ K H M K M A _ ^ ]?>


23/127

;& Oauck}# ^h{c& Pbk ]bkcpkrjfe ]lz "?f` k`&*&

Kmba# 8::2&

Oauck} uh} hf Hgkrjmhf urjpkr hf` mag~a}kr uba}~kfp g{mb ai bj} cjik jf Garamma< bk `jk` jf Phfejkr

jf 8:::& Pbj} faykc `k}mrjok} pbk jg~hmp ai Hrho cjik af

pbrkk dh`k` Hgkrjmhf} jf pbk gj`'?>pb mkfp{rz& H ijcg

ai pbk }hgk fhgk oz Okrfhrà Okrpac{mmj }bau} pbk

eareka{} iarpjijk` yjcchek} jf pbk }a{pb&

9& Orkpp# Gjmbhkc& Pbk Okrokr}& Aiar`# Kfechf`4

Ochmlukcc# 8::5&

5& Bhrerhyk}# Arjf& M{cp{rk ]baml( Garamma& ârpchf`4

Erh~bjm Hrp} Oaal}# ?>>9&

2& Bhrp# @hyj` G& Prjok hf` ]amjkpz jf _{rhc Garamma&

Cafàf4 Irhfl Mh}} ) Ma ?>>>&

:& Caukrrk# ]{}hf& [f`kr pbk Fkkg Prkk& ]khppck4[fjykr}jpz ai Uh}bjfepaf ^rk}}# 8::=&

8>& Ghukcc# Ehyjf&Car`} ai pbk Hpch}4 Pbk _j}k hf` Ihcc

ai pbk Ba{}k ai Echa{h# 82:='8:;9& E{jciar`# MA4

Czaf} ^rk}}# ?>>>&

H cjykcz hmma{fp ai pbk macari{c ckh`kr uba bkc` ~hrp} ai

pbk Bjeb Hpch} Ga{fphjf} hehjf}p pbk }{cphf khrcz jf pbk

?>pb mkfp{rz&

88& Gkrfj}}j# Ihpjgh&Okzaf` pbk Ykjc4 Ghck'Ikghck

@zfhgjm} jf h Ga`krf G{}cjg ]amjkpz& Ocaagjfepaf4

Jf`jhfh [fjykr}jpz ^rk}}# 8:25&

Pbj} oaal mafprh}p} pbk yjku} ai ]jeg{f` Irk{` hf` hc'

Ebhthcj# h ihga{} 88pb'mkfp{rz J}chgjm ~bjca}a~bkr# af

}k{hcjpz# `j}m{}}jfe maficjmp} jf pbj} hrkh iar

ga`krf Garammhf}&

H U K C M A G K O A A L G A _ A M M A ?8


24/127

^ K H M K M A _ ^ ]??

8?& Garhf# Gjmbhkc& Za{fekr Pbhf Pbhp Fau4 H ^khmk

Mar~} Yac{fpkkr _kgkgokr} Garamma& I{cc Ma{rp

^rk}}# 8::0&8=& Fz`kcc# Ghrehrkp L& [f`kr}phf`jfe Hrho}4 H E{j`k

iar Ga`krf Pjgk}& Zhrga{pb# GK4 Jfpkrm{cp{rhc

^rk}}# ?>>;&

8=& ^kffkcc# M&_&Garamma ]jfmk 82=>4 H Bj}parz& Fku

Zarl4 Fku Zarl [fjykr}jpz ^rk}}# ?>>8&

80& âfh}jl# @jhfk ]lkccz& Phfejkr# H Faykc&Oaal}{rek&mag# ?>>9&

8;& ârmb# @a{ech}& Pbk Mafx{k}p ai Garamma& Mjfmjffhpj4

Iaruhr` Gaykgkfp# 8:29&

H cjykcz hmma{fp ai pbk Irkfmb phlkaykr ai Garamma jf

pbk khrcz 8:>>}# `k}mrjok` oz pbk h{pbar h} h }parz ai

~ka~ck# ai mbha}# yjcchjfz# ecarz# gj}krz# yjackfmk# erkk`#hyhrjmk# hf` ghch`gjfj}prhpjaf&

89& Uhefkr# @hfjkc H&Cjpkrhmz# M{cp{rk hf` @kykca~gkfp4

Okmagjfe Cjpkrhpk jf Garamma& Aiar`4 Mhgorjèk

[fjykr}jpz ^rk}}# 8::=&

Oaal} Hoa{p pbk Bj}parz ai pbk ^khmk Mar~}8& Baiighf# Kcjthokpb Maoo}&Hcc Za{ Fkk` j} Cayk4 Pbk

^khmk Mar~} hf` pbk ]~jrjp ai pbk 8:9>}& Mhgorjèk#

GH4 Bhryhr` [fjykr}jpz ^rk}}# ?>>>&

?& _jmk# Ekrhc` P& Pbk Oac` K~krjgkfp4 DIL} ^khmk

Mar~}& Faprk @hgk# JF4 [fjykr}jpz ai Faprk @hgk

^rk}}# 8:2;&

=& ]pa}}kc# ]mapp&]hrek4 Pbk Cjik hf` Pjgk} ai ]hrekfp

]brjykr& Uh}bjfepaf# @M4 ]gjpb}afjhf Jf}pjp{pjaf

^rk}}# ?>>0&


25/127

H U K C M A G K O A A L G A _ A M M A ?=

Oaal} af pbk Yac{fpkkr K~krjkfmk

8& @jrchg# ]bhraf&Okzaf` ]jokrjh4 Pua Zkhr} jf h

Iareappkf ^chmk& ]hfph Ohrohrh# MH4 Gm]kh}Oaal}# ?>>0&

?& Mh}koacp# Ghrdarjk @kGa}}&Ghrehrjph4 H E{hpkghchf

^khmk Mar~} K~krjkfmk& Eje Bhroar# UH4

_k` H~~ck ^{ocj}bjfe# ?>>>&

=& Kr`ghf# ]hrhb&Fjfk Bjcc} pa Fhgoaflhbh4 Pua

Zkhr} jf pbk Bkhrp ai hf Hirjmhf Yjcchek& Fku Zarl#FZ4 ^jmh`ar# ?>>=&

0& Bk}}ckr# ^kpkr&_jykr Pauf4 Pua Zkhr} af pbk Zhfeptk&

Fku Zarl# FZ4 ^krkffjhc# ?>>8&

;& Lkffk`z# Ekrhc`jfk "k`&*&Irag pbk Mkfpkr ai pbk

Khrpb4 ]parjk} a{p ai pbk ^khmk Mar~}& ]hfph Gafjmh#

MH4 Mcaykr ^hrl ^rk}}# 8::8&

9& Pbag~}kf# Garjpt&Cjyjfe ^aar4 H ^khmk Mar~}

Mbrafjmck& ]khppck# UH4 [fjykr}jpz ai Uh}bjfepaf

^rk}}# 8::5 "rk~rjfp*&


26/127


27/127

C JY JFE MAF@JPJAF] HF@

YA C[FPKK _ C J IK]PZCKMagg{fjmhpjaf}

@{rjfe ~rk'}kryjmk prhjfjfe# za{ ujcc rkmkjyk ghjc hp pbk ^khmk

Mar~}!Garamma aiijmk# ubjmb ujcc iaruhr` ghjc pa pbk prhjfjfe

}jpk hp ckh}p afmk h ukkl& ^ckh}k à fap bhyk ~hmlhek} }kfp pa

za{ `{rjfe prhjfjfe& Hipkr za{ hrk h}}jefk` pa za{r ~krghfkfp

}jpk# za{ ujcc rkmkjyk ghjc hp h camhc ~a}p aiijmk ar hp za{r

uarl~chmk& ^hmlhek} }ba{c` ok }kfp `jrkmpcz pa za{r }jpk hipkr

prhjfjfe& @k~kf`jfe af pbk `j}phfmk pa za{r }jpk irag _hohp#

ghjc ghz phlk hfzubkrk irag pbrkk `hz} pa pbrkk ukkl} pa ekp

pa za{&

Za{r ghjcjfe h``rk}} `{rjfe prhjfjfe ujcc ok4

Za{r Fhgk# Prhjfkk

}!m Mar~} `k ch ^hj

?# r{k Hoa{ Ghra{hfk K}}hh`j

He`hc# _hohp 8>8>># GA_AMMA

Jp farghccz phlk} 8> pa 8? `hz} iar hf hjrghjc ckppkr pa hrrjyk

irag pbk [fjpk` ]phpk}& ]{rihmk ghjc phlk} irag afk pa ia{rgafpb}& Ghjc pbhp eak} pbra{eb pbk Garammhf ~a}p aiijmk

j} }{odkmp pa m{}pag} jf}~kmpjaf# mkf}ar}bj~# hf` m{rrkfmz

mafprac& H`yj}k za{r irjkf`} hf` rkchpjyk} pbhp ghjc `kcjykrz

j} }~arh`jm hf` pbhp pbkz }ba{c` fap uarrz ji pbkz à fap

rkmkjyk za{r ckppkr} rke{chrcz& Hc}a# pbkz }ba{c` fkykr }kf`

mh}b pbra{eb pbk ghjc# h} jp ujcc }kcàg rkhmb za{& ^ckh}k

mbkml pbk [&]& â}p ]kryjmk uko}jpk hp uuu&{}~}&mag iar pbkchpk}p {~`hpk} af bau ok}p pa }kf` za{r ckppkr ar ~hmlhek&

M{rrkfpcz# pbk []^] rkmaggkf`} hjr ^hrmkc â}p "fap }{rihmk

ghjc* iar ~hmlhek}# ar hjrghjc iar ckppkr}&

H U K C M A G K O A A L G A _ A M M A ?;


28/127

Hcpba{eb bhyjfe ~hmlhek} }kfp irag bagk j} fap

rkmaggkf`k` okmh{}k ai pbk {frkcjhojcjpz ai ghjc }kryjmk

hf` pbk m{}pag} ikk}# ji za{ à bhyk ~hmlhek} }kfp# orauf~h``k` kfykca~k} uarl ukcc& Ghlk }{rk pbkz bhyk pbk erkkf

m{}pag} chokc hf` hrk ghrlk` h} ejip}# ubjmb }ba{c` ~rkykfp

pbk jg~a}jpjaf ai ikk}& Jp j} ok}p pa uhjp pa bhyk ~hmlhek} }kfp

{fpjc za{ lfau za{r ~krghfkfp h``rk}}& Hehjf# ~ckh}k à fap

bhyk za{r ihgjcz }kf` za{ ~hmlhek} `{rjfe ~rk'

}kryjmk prhjfjfe&

Pkck~bafk}

Pkck~bafk hf` pkckerh~b }kryjmk} hrk hyhjchock jf hcc ~hrp} ai

pbk ma{fprz& Yac{fpkkr} jf chrekr mjpjk} ghz bhyk h pkck~bafk

jf pbkjr bagk& Ghfz Yac{fpkkr} ~{rmbh}k jfk~kf}jyk

mkcc~bafk} jf Garamma# hf k~kf}k pbhp j} fap maykrk` oz

pbk ^khmk Mar~}& ^{ocjm pkck~bafk} "mhcck` pkckoa{pjx{k}*

}{jphock iar ghljfe `jrkmp'`jhc jfpkrfhpjafhc mhcc} kj}p jfga}p pauf}& Macckmp mhcc} mhf ok gh`k afcz hp h ~a}p hf`

pkckmagg{fjmhpjaf} aiijmk# hf` za{ }ba{c` hfpjmj~hpk h uhjp&

HP)P hf` GMJ mhccjfe mhr`} uarl jf Garamma&

Pbk ^khmk Mar~} aiijmk jf Garamma mhf ok rkhmbk` oz `jrkmp

`jhcjfe irag pbk [fjpk` ]phpk}& @{rjfe farghc uarljfe ba{r}#

pbk aiijmk f{gokr "irag ga}p }phpk}* j} >88&?8?&=&592'=52>#

hf` h `{pz aiijmkr gafjpar} mhcc} iar kgkrekfmjk} hipkr aiijmk

ba{r}& Yac{fpkkr} hrk fap ~krgjppk` pa {}k pkck~bafk} hp pbk

^khmk Mar~}!Garamma aiijmk pa mhcc ihgjcz ar irjkf`} {fck}} pbk

mhcc ~krphjf} pa hf kgkrekfmz hf` j} h~~rayk` jf h`yhfmk oz

pbk ma{fprz `jrkmpar&

Mag~{pkr# K'ghjc# hf` Jfpkrfkp Hmmk}}

Yac{fpkkr}# pz~jmhccz# hrk hock pa hmmk}} k'ghjc hf` pbk

Jfpkrfkp hp mzokrmhik}& Mzokrmhik} hrk hiiar`hock# ekfkrhccz

rkcjhock hf` mhf ok ia{f` jf jfmrkh}jfe f{gokr} jf d{}p hoa{p

hfz pauf ar mjpz& Ga}p Yac{fpkkr} à fap bhyk h mzokr mhi hp

^ K H M K M A _ ^ ]?9


29/127

H U K C M A G K O A A L G A _ A M M A

pbkjr }jpk# o{p ga}p hrk ujpbjf h iku ba{r} prhykc irag afk&

Pbk Yac{fpkkr ca{fek hp pbk ^khmk Mar~} aiijmk jf _hohp j}

kx{j~~k` ujpb pua mag~{pkr}# oapb ujpb Jfpkrfkp hmmk}}#hf` h ~rjfpkr rk}kryk` iar Yac{fpkkr {}k& Yac{fpkkr} hrk fap

hccauk` pa {}k }phii mag~{pkr}&

]agk Yac{fpkkr} orjfe pbkjr ch~pa~ mag~{pkr}# o{p pbkz

hrk rk}~af}jock iar jf}{rjfe hf` ghjfphjfjfe pbk mag~{pkr}

pbkg}kcyk}& Pbk ^khmk Mar~} ujcc fap rk~chmk }packf

mag~{pkr} hf` }prafecz kfma{rhek} pba}k uba orjfe pbkg pa

ekp ~kr}afhc ~ra~krpz jf}{rhfmk&

Ba{}jfe hf` ]jpk Camhpjaf

Za{ ujcc ok h}}jefk` pa za{r ~krghfkfp }jpk pauhr`} pbk kf`

ai ~rk'}kryjmk prhjfjfe& Hipkr za{r }jpk hffa{fmkgkfp# za{ ujcc

yj}jp za{r h}}jefk` }jpk pa gkkp za{r ma{fpkr~hrp} hf` apbkr

gkgokr} ai za{r magg{fjpz& Afmk za{ gayk pa pbk }jpk# za{

ujcc }~kf` za{r ijr}p pua gafpb} cjyjfe ujpb h ba}p ihgjcz pbhp

bh} okkf mba}kf oz pbk ^khmk Mar~}& Pbj} ihgjcz bh} ~rk~hrk`

iar za{r hrrjyhc hf` ujcc ~rayj`k za{ ujpb h }hik hf` }km{rk

~chmk pa cjyk ubjck za{ mafpjf{k pa ckhrf pbk chfe{hek hf`

h`h~p pa pbk m{cp{rk& Hf h``jpjafhc aodkmpjyk ai pbj} ~krja` j}

pa bkc~ za{ jfpkerhpk gark kiikmpjykcz jfpa pbk magg{fjpz&

Hipkr pbk ghf`hparz pua'gafpb }phz ujpb h Garammhf ihgjcz#

za{ hrk irkk pa mbhfek za{r ba{}jfe# jf hmmar`hfmk ujpb pbk

^khmk Mar~} }hikpz hf` }km{rjpz mrjpkrjh "}kk pbk mbh~pkr

af Bkhcpb Mhrk hf` ]hikpz*& Pbk ^khmk Mar~} ujcc ejyk

za{ h ga`k}p }kppcjfe'jf hccauhfmk pa ~{rmbh}k ba{}kbac`

fkmk}}jpjk} }{mb h} h }payk# `j}bk}# hf` i{rfjp{rk& ^khmk Mar~}

ujcc ~rayj`k h``jpjafhc jpkg}# }{mb h} h mhroaf gafaj`k`kpkmpar hf` uhpkr ijcpkr# ji fkmk}}hrz& Yac{fpkkr} jf hrkh} pbhp

k~krjkfmk {fokhrhocz mac` ujfpkr} mhf ok rkjgo{r}k` iar

pbk ~{rmbh}k ai hf h~~ra~rjhpk bkhpkr& @k~kf`jfe af pbk }jpk#

?5


30/127

Yac{fpkkr ba{}jfe ekfkrhccz maf}j}p} ai pua ar gark raag}

hf` ~rjyhpk ohpb hf` chprjfk ihmjcjpjk}& ]agk Yac{fpkkr} cjyk jf

ihgjcz mag~a{f`} ujpb afk ar pua ~rjyhpk raag} iar pbkjr {}k&

Ubjck ghfz Yac{fpkkr} jf Garamma bhyk r{ffjfe uhpkr

hf` kckmprjmjpz# za{ ghz fap bhyk pbk}k hgkfjpjk} hf` ghz

macckmp za{r uhpkr irag hf a{p}j`k ih{mkp ar ukcc hf` }~kf`

za{r kykfjfe} rkh`jfe oz mhf`ck ar chfpkrf& Za{ fkk` pa ok

ykrz ickjock jf za{r ba{}jfe k~kmphpjaf}# h} pbkrk hrk fa

e{hrhfpkk} ai mafpjf{a{} kckmprjmjpz ar uhpkr&

@k~kf`jfe af za{r ~raerhg hf` h}}jefgkfp# za{ ghz ok

~chmk` jf h magg{fjpz pbhp rhfek} irag h chrek# }kgj'{rohf

pauf pa h ykrz }ghcc r{rhc yjcchek& ]agk Yac{fpkkr} }bhrk h

}jpk# ubjck apbkr} hrk x{jpk h `j}phfmk irag apbkr Yac{fpkkr}&

^khmk Mar~} }phii gkgokr} yj}jp hcc }jpk} pa kf}{rk pbhp pbkz

gkkp pbk ^khmk Mar~} }hikpz hf` }km{rjpz mrjpkrjh& ]phii hc}a

yj}jp hcc Yac{fpkkr} jfpkrgjppkfpcz pa ~rayj`k ~kr}afhc# gk`jmhc#hf` ~raik}}jafhc }{~~arp&

Cjyjfe Hccauhfmk hf` Gafkz Ghfhekgkfp

H} h Yac{fpkkr jf Garamma# za{ ujcc rkmkjyk ia{r pz~k} ai

hccauhfmk}& Pbk ijr}p j} h afk'pjgk }kppcjfe'jf hccauhfmk#

m{rrkfpcz ijyk pba{}hf` Garammhf `jrbhg} "GH@ ;>>>*#pbhp j} {}k` pa o{z oh}jm ba{}kbac` jpkg} ubkf za{ gayk

pa za{r }jpk& Pbj} hga{fp j} rkyjkuk` afmk h zkhr pbra{eb

h }kppcjfe'jf }{rykz pa kf}{rk pbhp pbk hccauhfmk j}

}{iijmjkfp& Za{ ujcc rkmkjyk h gafpbcz cjyjfe hccauhfmk#

m{rrkfpcz GH@ ?>>># pa maykr za{r oh}jm k~kf}k}# j&k

iaa`# {pjcjpjk}# ba{}kbac` }{~~cjk}# mcapbjfe# rkmrkhpjaf hf`

kfpkrphjfgkfp# magg{fjmhpjaf} ma}p} "k&e mkcc ~bafk mhr`}#jfpkrfkp hmmk}}*# prhf}~arphpjaf# rkh`jfe ghpkrjhc# hf` apbkr

jfmj`kfphc}& Za{r gafpbcz rkfp ujcc ok maykrk` }k~hrhpkcz oz

^ K H M K M A _ ^ ]?2


31/127

pbk ^khmk Mar~}& Pbk cjyjfe hccauhfmk j} ~hj` jf camhc m{rrkfmz

hf` j} }kfp pa Yac{fpkkr} `{rjfe pbk pbjr` ukkl ai khmb gafpb

iar pbk iaccaujfe gafpb& Pbk cjyjfe hccauhfmk j} rkyjkuk` afmkh zkhr pbra{eb h ghrlkp }{rykz pa kf}{rk pbhp jp j} h`kx{hpk&

Za{ ghz ijf` pbhp za{ rkmkjyk gark rkg{fkrhpjaf pbhf za{r

ma{fpkr~hrp ar }{~kryj}ar&

Za{ ujcc hc}a rkmkjyk h yhmhpjaf hccauhfmk ai $?0 "m{rrkfpcz

GH@ ??>* ~kr gafpb hf` h prhykc hccauhfmk pa maykr pbk ma}p

ai uarl'rkchpk` prj~} "~rk'h~~rayk` uarl'rkchpk` ckhyk# aiijmjhc

^khmk Mar~} kykfp}# kpm&*& Pbk m{rrkfp prhykc hccauhfmk ~acjmz

j} {f`kr rkyjku&

Ga}p Yac{fpkkr} ijf` pbkz mhf cjyk magiarphocz jf Garamma

ujpb pbk}k hccauhfmk}& Yac{fpkkr} hrk }prafecz `j}ma{rhek`

irag }{~~ckgkfpjfe pbkjr jfmagk ujpb gafkz ora{ebp irag

bagk# h} pbkz hrk k~kmpk` pa cjyk hp pbk kmafagjm ckykc ai

pbkjr fkjeboar} hf` macckhe{k}& Fkykrpbkck}}# mrk`jp mhr`}hrk bhf`z iar yhmhpjaf} hf` prhykc hf` mhf ok {}k` jf }kykrhc

k}phocj}bgkfp} jf pbk chrekr mjpjk}& Prhykckr} mbkml} mhf ok

mh}bk` iar h }ghcc ~krmkfphek ikk& HPG ghmbjfk} mhf ok

ia{f` hp ga}p ghdar ohfl} jf chrek mjpjk}&

Iaa` hf` @jkp

H uj`k yhrjkpz ai ir{jp} hf` ykekphock} hrk hyhjchock zkhr'

ra{f`# hf` hcc gkhp} kmk~p ~arl hrk rkh`jcz hyhjchock& @hjrz

~ra`{mp} cjlk zae{rp hf` gjcl mhf {}{hccz ok aophjfk`&

Hcpba{eb ghjfphjfjfe h ykekphrjhf `jkp }ba{c` fap ok `jiijm{cp#

za{ ujcc ok mafirafpk` ujpb m{cp{rhc j}}{k} ubkf yj}jpjfe

Garammhf ihgjcjk}# h} pbkz ujcc aiikr za{# hf` k~kmp za{ pa

hmmk~p# prh`jpjafhc iaa`}& Pb{} ykekphrjhf} fkk` pa ok ickjockhoa{p }bhrjfe pbk Garammhf `jkp ubkf yj}jpjfe irjkf`}

hf` fkjeboar}&

H U K C M A G K O A A L G A _ A M M A ?:


32/127

Irk}b orkh` j} uj`kcz hyhjchock hf` j} hf jg~arphfp ~hrp ai

pbk Garammhf `jkp& ^h}prjk} hrk hyhjchock jf chrekr pauf}# hf`

~h}ph j} hyhjchock jf hcga}p hfz }ghcc }ba~&

Gjfp pkh j} Garammhf} ihyarjpk `rjfl& Jp j} prh`jpjafhccz ykrz

}ukkp hf` j} }kryk` pbra{eba{p pbk `hz& Pbk f{gkra{} mhik}

jf Garamma# ubjmb hrk ga}pcz irkx{kfpk` oz gkf# hc}a }kryk

maiikk hf` irk}b arhfek d{jmk& Okmh{}k Garamma j} h G{}cjg

ma{fprz# okkr hf` ujfk hrk fap {}{hccz hyhjchock jf r{rhc hrkh}&

Prhf}~arphpjaf

Ga}p Yac{fpkkr} prhykc ujpbjf pbk ma{fprz jf maggkrmjhc

o{}k} ar cafe'`j}phfmk phj} "erhf` phj*& Camhc phj}

"~kpjp phj}* hrk hyhjchock jf hcc gk`j{g hf` chrek mjpjk}& Ji

rkx{jrk` iar pbkjr uarl# Yac{fpkkr} hrk j}}{k` ojmzmck} ujpb

ojmzmck bkcgkp}& Pa rk`{mk }hikpz rj}l}# ^khmk Mar~}!Garamma

~rabjojp} Yac{fpkkr} irag `rjyjfe ar rj`jfe af hfz pua' ar

pbrkk'ubkkck` gaparjtk` ykbjmck "}{mb h} h gaparmzmck* iar

hfz rkh}af& Far hrk Yac{fpkkr} hccauk` pa auf ar `rjyk ~rjyhpk

mhr}& Yjachpjaf ai pbk}k ~acjmjk} ghz rk}{cp jf pkrgjfhpjaf ai

za{r Yac{fpkkr }kryjmk&

Ekaerh~bz hf` Mcjghpk

Garamma j} }agkpjgk} rkikrrk` pa h} pbk mac` ma{fprz ujpb

pbk bap }{f& Pbk }{f }bjfk} ga}p ai pbk zkhr# o{p pbk mac`

mhf ~kfkprhpk }prhjebp pa za{r oafk}& Pbk ma{fprz bh} h

yhrjk` ekaerh~bz# ujpb okhmbk}# ga{fphjf}# `k}krp# hf`

herjm{cp{rhc chf`& Pbk farpb pkf`} pa rkmkjyk gark rhjf pbhf

pbk }a{pb# }a pbk ghdarjpz ai herjm{cp{rk amm{r} jf pbk farpb&

Gayjfe }a{pbuhr`# pbk chf`}mh~k mbhfek} pa `k}krp# p{rfjfe

jfpa pbk ]hbhrh jf pbk `kk~ }a{pbkh}p& Garamma oah}p} h

~a~{chr }lj rk}arp jf pbk Hpch} Ga{fphjf} a{p}j`k Ghrrhlkmb#

^ K H M K M A _ ^ ]=>


33/127

hf` af kjpbkr }j`k ai pbk ga{fphjf} hrk ichp# bap# hf` `rz

~chjf}& ]{ggkr j} bap hcc aykr Garamma# ujpb mah}phc hrkh}

k~krjkfmjfe erkhpkr rkchpjyk b{gj`jpz pbhf jfchf` hrkh}&

]amjhc Hmpjyjpjk}

Garamma j} gark packrhfp pbhf ghfz apbkr G{}cjg fhpjaf}

pauhr` Uk}pkrf m{cp{rhc farg}& O{p ubjck ~ka~ck jf chrek

mjpjk} pkf` pa `rk}} jf Uk}pkrf mcapbjfe# pba}k jf r{rhc

magg{fjpjk} hrk }pjcc ykrz prh`jpjafhc& Ga}p Yac{fpkkr} cjykjf }ghcc pauf} ar r{rhc }kppjfe} hf` fkk` pa mafiarg pa camhc

m{}pag}& Gkf bhyk gark kpkrfhc irkkàg pbhf uagkf à

jf pbhp pbkz mhf mjrm{chpk irkkcz a{p}j`k pbk bagk& M{cp{rhc

farg} à fap hccau gkf hf` uagkf pa gj irkkcz a{p}j`k

pbk bagk# hf` uagkf pkf` pa }~kf` gark pjgk jf pbk bagk#

phljfe mhrk ai àgk}pjm hiihjr} hf` }amjhcjtjfe ujpb apbkr

uagkf& Garammhf} hrk lfauf iar pbkjr ba}~jphcjpz# hf` za{}ba{c` k~kmp jfyjphpjaf} pa `jffkr# uk``jfe}# hf` apbkr

}amjhc i{fmpjaf}&

^raik}}jafhcj}g# @rk}}# hf` Okbhyjar

Pbk ~ka~ck ai Garamma phlk ~rj`k jf pbkjr ~kr}afhc

h~~khrhfmk& Pa ehjf pbkjr hmmk~phfmk# rk}~kmp# hf`mafij`kfmk# jp j} k}}kfpjhc pbhp za{ `rk}} hf` maf`{mp za{r}kci

~raik}}jafhccz& @rk}} }phf`hr`} iar Yac{fpkkr} hrk ekfkrhccz

maf}kryhpjyk& Uagkf ghz ukhr ~hfp} ujpb cafe'}ckkyk`

}bjrp} iar farghc uarl'rkchpk` hmpjyjpz# o{p hrk k~kmpk`

pa ukhr cafe# mh}{hc }ljrp} ar `rk}}k} iar gark ~raik}}jafhc

hmpjyjpjk} "k&e gkkpjfe} hf`!ar uarl}ba~} ujpb Gjfj}prz

rk~rk}kfphpjyk}*& Gkf hrk k~kmpk` pa ukhr cafe pra{}kr} iarga}p hmpjyjpjk}&

H U K C M A G K O A A L G A _ A M M A =8


34/127

^ K H M K M A _ ^ ]=?

H`bkrjfe pa pbk maf}kryhpjyk `rk}} ma`k} jf Garamma j} h pk}p

ai za{r gapjyhpjaf hf` maggjpgkfp pa h`h~p pa za{r fku

kfyjrafgkfp& Ji za{ bhyk rk}kryhpjaf} hoa{p pbj}# za{ }ba{c`maf}j`kr pbk hga{fp ai }hmrjijmk hf` ickjojcjpz rkx{jrk` pa ok

}{mmk}}i{c hf` rkkyhc{hpk za{r `kmj}jaf pa okmagk

h Yac{fpkkr&

Pbk ^khmk Mar~} k~kmp} Yac{fpkkr} pa okbhyk jf h uhz pbhp

ujcc ia}pkr rk}~kmp ujpbjf pbkjr magg{fjpjk} hf` rkickmp ukcc

af pbk ^khmk Mar~} hf` af pbk [fjpk` ]phpk}& Za{ ujcc rkmkjyk

hf arjkfphpjaf pa h~~ra~rjhpk okbhyjar hf` m{cp{rhc }kf}jpjyjpz

`{rjfe ~rk'}kryjmk prhjfjfe& H} h Yac{fpkkr# za{ bhyk pbk

}php{} ai hf jfyjpk` e{k}p# hf` pb{} za{ fkk` pa ok }kf}jpjyk pa

pbk bhojp}# ph}pk}# hf` phoaa} ai za{r ba}p}&

Mkrphjf okbhyjar} mhf dka~hr`jtk pbk ^khmk Mar~} gj}}jaf jf

Garamma h} ukcc h} za{r ~kr}afhc }hikpz hf` pb{} mhffap ok

packrhpk` oz pbk ^khmk Mar~}& Kfehejfe jf pbk}k okbhyjar}ghz ckh` pa h`gjfj}prhpjyk }k~hrhpjaf# h `kmj}jaf oz pbk ^khmk

Mar~} pa pkrgjfhpk za{r }kryjmk& Pbk Yac{fpkkr Bhf`oaal

~rayj`k} gark jfiarghpjaf af pbk era{f`} iar

h`gjfj}prhpjyk }k~hrhpjaf&

^kr}afhc ]hikpz

Gark jfiarghpjaf hoa{p pbk ^khmk Mar~} h~~rahmb pa }hikpz

j} a{pcjfk` jf pbk Bkhcpb Mhrk hf` ]hikpz mbh~pkr# o{p jp

j} hf jg~arphfp j}}{k hf` mhffap ok aykrkg~bh}jtk`& H}

}phpk` jf pbk Yac{fpkkr Bhf`oaal# okmagjfe h ^khmk Mar~}

Yac{fpkkr kfphjc} mkrphjf }hikpz rj}l}& Cjyjfe hf` prhykcjfe

jf hf {fihgjcjhr kfyjrafgkfp "aipkf hcafk*# bhyjfe h cjgjpk`

{f`kr}phf`jfe ai camhc chfe{hek hf` m{cp{rk# hf` okjfe~krmkjyk` h} ukhcpbz hrk }agk ai pbk ihmpar} pbhp mhf ~{p

h Yac{fpkkr hp rj}l& Ghfz Yac{fpkkr} k~krjkfmk yhrzjfe

`kerkk} ai {fuhfpk` hppkfpjaf hf` bhrh}}gkfp& ^kppz pbkip}


35/127

H U K C M A G K O A A L G A _ A M M A ==

hf` o{rechrjk} hrk fap {fmaggaf# hf` jfmj`kfp} ai ~bz}jmhc

hf` }k{hc h}}h{cp à amm{r& Pbk ^khmk Mar~} bh} k}phocj}bk`

~ramk`{rk} hf` ~acjmjk} `k}jefk` pa bkc~ Yac{fpkkr} rk`{mkpbkjr rj}l} hf` kfbhfmk pbkjr }hikpz hf` }km{rjpz& Hp pbk }hgk

pjgk# za{ hrk k~kmpk` pa phlk rk}~af}jojcjpz iar za{r }hikpz

hf` ukcc'okjfe&

_kuhr`} hf` Ir{}prhpjaf}

Hcpba{eb pbk ~apkfpjhc iar dao }hpj}ihmpjaf j} x{jpk bjeb# cjlkhcc Yac{fpkkr}# za{ ujcc kfma{fpkr f{gkra{} ir{}prhpjaf}&

Okmh{}k ai ijfhfmjhc ar apbkr mbhcckfek}# macchoarhpjfe

hekfmjk} à fap hcuhz} ~rayj`k pbk }{~~arp ~ragj}k`&

Garkaykr# pbk ~hmk ai uarl hf` cjik j} }caukr pbhf ubhp ga}p

Hgkrjmhf} hrk hmm{}pagk` pa# hf` }agk ~ka~ck za{ uarl ujpb

ghz ok bk}jphfp pa mbhfek ~rhmpjmk} hf` prh`jpjaf} pbhp hrk

mkfp{rjk} ac`& Iar pbk}k rkh}af}# pbk ^khmk Mar~} k~krjkfmkai h`h~pjfe pa h fku m{cp{rk hf` kfyjrafgkfp j} aipkf

`k}mrjok` h} h }krjk} ai kgapjafhc ~khl} hf` yhcckz}&

Za{ ujcc ok ejykf h bjeb `kerkk ai rk}~af}jojcjpz hf`

jf`k~kf`kfmk jf za{r uarl~krbh~} gark pbhf jf hfz apbkr

dao za{ bhyk bh` ar ujcc bhyk& Aipkf za{ ujcc ijf` za{r}kci jf

}jp{hpjaf} pbhp rkx{jrk hf hojcjpz pa gapjyhpk za{r}kci hf` za{r

ma'uarlkr} ujpb cjppck e{j`hfmk irag }{~kryj}ar}& Za{ gjebp

uarl iar gafpb} ujpba{p }kkjfe hfz yj}jock jg~hmp irag# ar

ujpba{p rkmkjyjfe ikkòhml af# za{r uarl& @kykca~gkfp j} h

}cau ~ramk}}& â}jpjyk ~raerk}} ga}p aipkf magk} afcz hipkr

pbk magojfk` kiiarp} ai }kykrhc Yac{fpkkr} aykr pbk ma{r}k ai

ghfz zkhr}& Za{ g{}p ~a}}k}} pbk }kci'mafij`kfmk# ~hpjkfmk#

hf` yj}jaf pa mafpjf{k uarljfe pauhr` cafe'pkrg eahc}

ujpba{p }kkjfe jggk`jhpk rk}{cp}&

Pa aykrmagk pbk}k `jiijm{cpjk}# za{ ujcc fkk` ghp{rjpz#

ickjojcjpz# a~kf'gjf`k`fk}}# hf` rk}a{rmki{cfk}}& Pbk ^khmk


36/127

^ K H M K M A _ ^ ]=0

Mar~} }phii# za{r ma'uarlkr}# hf` ikccau Yac{fpkkr} ujcc

}{~~arp za{ `{rjfe pjgk} ai mbhcckfek h} ukcc h} jf gagkfp} ai

}{mmk}}& D{`ejfe oz pbk k~krjkfmk ai iargkr Yac{fpkkr}# pbk~khl} hrk ukcc uarpb pbk `jiijm{cp pjgk}# hf` ga}p Yac{fpkkr}

ckhyk Garamma ikkcjfe pbhp pbkz bhyk ehjfk` g{mb gark pbhf

pbkz }hmrjijmk` `{rjfe pbkjr }kryjmk& Ji za{ hrk hock pa ghlk pbk

maggjpgkfp pa jfpkerhpk jfpa za{r magg{fjpz hf` uarl bhr`#

za{ ujcc ok h }{mmk}}i{c Yac{fpkkr&


37/127

H U K C M A G K O A A L G A _ A M M A =;

F A P K ]


38/127


39/127

^KHMK MA_^] P_HJF JFE

Aykryjku ai ^rk']kryjmk Prhjfjfe

Prhjfjfe j} hf k}}kfpjhc ~hrp ai ^khmk Mar~}

}kryjmk& Pbk eahc j} pa ejyk za{ kfa{eb }ljcc} hf` jfiarghpjaf

pa kfhock za{ pa cjyk hf` uarl kiikmpjykcz jf Garamma& Jf `ajfe

}a# uk o{jc` {~af pbk k~krjkfmk} hf` k~krpj}k za{ orjfe pa

pbk ^khmk Mar~}& Uk hfpjmj~hpk pbhp za{ ujcc h~~rahmb prhjfjfe

ujpb hf a~kf gjf`# h `k}jrk pa ckhrf# hf` h ujccjfefk}} pa

okmagk jfyacyk`& Prhjfkk} aiijmjhccz okmagk Yac{fpkkr} hipkr

}{mmk}}i{c mag~ckpjaf ai prhjfjfe&

Pbk 88'ukkl prhjfjfe ~raerhg ~rayj`k} za{ pbk a~~arp{fjpz pa

ckhrf fku }ljcc} hf` ~rhmpjmk pbkg h} pbkz h~~cz pa Garamma&

Za{ ujcc rkmkjyk prhjfjfe hf` arjkfphpjaf pbhp jfpkerhpk}

mag~afkfp} ai chfe{hek# mra}}'m{cp{rhc magg{fjmhpjaf# hrkh}p{`jk}# `kykca~gkfp j}}{k}# bkhcpb hf` ~kr}afhc }hikpz# hf`

pkmbfjmhc }ljcc} ~krpjfkfp pa za{r }~kmjijm h}}jefgkfp& Prhjfkk}

uarl paekpbkr h} h era{~ hf` bhyk h mbhfmk pa k~krjkfmk

camhc m{cp{rk hf` m{}pag} af pbkjr auf `{rjfe h }phz ujpb h

ba}p ihgjcz hf` magg{fjpz'oh}k` pkmbfjmhc prhjfjfe&

Ubkf za{ hrrjyk jf'ma{fprz# za{ ujcc }~kf` pbk ijr}p ia{r`hz} jf _hohp hf` pbkf prhykc pa h }kmpar'}~kmjijm }kgjfhr

}jpk& Ubjck jf _hohp# za{ ujcc ok ukcmagk` oz pbk Ma{fprz

@jrkmpar hf` rkmkjyk hf aykryjku ai ^khmk Mar~} jf Garamma#

ok jfpra`{mk` pa za{r ~raerhg} prhjfjfe }phii# rkmkjyk

yhmmjfhpjaf}# hf` ~hrpjmj~hpk jf jfpra`{mparz }k}}jaf} af

}hikpz hf` }km{rjpz# mra}}'m{cp{rk# hf` pkmbfjmhc h}~kmp} ai

za{r }kmpar ~raerhg& Fkp za{ ujcc prhykc aykrchf` pa za{r}kgjfhr }jpk ubkrk za{ ujcc okejf ckhrfjfe afk ai pbrkk

Garammhf chfe{hek} hf` Hrhojm }mrj~p& Hipkr pbk ijr}p ukkl#

za{ ujcc ckhyk pbk }kgjfhr }jpk hf` okejf magg{fjpz'oh}k`

prhjfjfe "MOP*& @{rjfe pbj} ~bh}k ai prhjfjfe# era{~} ai

H U K C M A G K O A A L G A _ A M M A =5


40/127

^ K H M K M A _ ^ ]=2

;'9 prhjfkk} ckhrfjfe pbk }hgk chfe{hek ujcc ok h}}jefk` pa

mafpjf{k prhjfjfe jf h ~rk'}kckmpk` yjcchek& Hp za{r MOP }jpk#

za{ ujcc cjyk ujpb h ba}p ihgjcz& ]phzjfe ujpb h ba}p ihgjcz ujccorjfe pa cjik }agk ai pbk pa~jm} maykrk` jf prhjfjfe# ejyjfe za{

h mbhfmk pa ~rhmpjmk za{r fku chfe{hek }ljcc} hf` `jrkmpcz

ao}kryk hf` ~hrpjmj~hpk jf Garammhf m{cp{rk& Pbra{eba{p pbk

prhjfjfe ~krja` za{ ujcc ok }~kf`jfe }agk pjgk hp pbk }kgjfhr

}jpk "h~~rajghpkcz => + ai za{r pjgk* hf` pbk ghdarjpz ai

za{r pjgk hp pbk magg{fjpz'oh}k` prhjfjfe "h~~rajghpkcz

5>+ ai za{r pjgk*& Orjfe h }ghcc prhykc ohe }a pbhp za{ `afpbhyk pa orjfe hcc ai za{r c{eehek# khmb pjgk za{ gayk irag pbk

}kgjfhr }jpk pa pbk MOP }jpk& Iar pbk ijfhc ukkl ai prhjfjfe#

hcc prhjfkk} ujcc ok ora{ebp paekpbkr hp h maggaf prhjfjfe

}jpk ubkrk# {~af mag~ckpjaf ai pbk ijfhc }k}}jaf}# za{ ujcc ok

}uarf jf h} h Yac{fpkkr&

Hp pbk af}kp ai ~rk'}kryjmk prhjfjfe# }phii ujcc a{pcjfk za{r

eahc} hf` pbk mrjpkrjh pbhp ujcc ok {}k` pa h}}k}} za{r

~raerk}}& Kyhc{hpjaf ai za{r ~kriarghfmk `{rjfe prhjfjfe j}

h mafpjf{hc ~ramk}} ai `jhcae{k okpukkf za{ hf` pbk prhjfjfe

}phii& ]phii ujcc uarl ujpb za{ pauhr` pbk bjebk}p ~a}}jock

hmbjkykgkfp ai prhjfjfe eahc} oz ~rayj`jfe za{ ikk`ohml

pbra{eba{p prhjfjfe& Hipkr }{mmk}}i{ccz mag~ckpjfe ~rk'}kryjmk

prhjfjfe# za{ ujcc ghlk pbk ijfhc ~rk~hrhpjaf} iar `k~hrp{rk pa

za{r }jpk&

Pkmbfjmhc Prhjfjfe

Pkmbfjmhc prhjfjfe ~rk~hrk} za{ pa uarl jf Garamma oz

o{jc`jfe af pbk }ljcc} za{ hcrkh`z bhyk hf` oz bkc~jfe za{

`kykca~ fku }ljcc} jf h ghffkr h~~ra~rjhpk pa pbk fkk`} ai

pbk ma{fprz& Pbk ^khmk Mar~} }phii# Garammhf k~krp}# hf`

m{rrkfp Yac{fpkkr} ujcc maf`{mp pbk prhjfjfe ~raerhg& Prhjfjfe

~chmk} erkhp kg~bh}j} af ckhrfjfe bau pa prhf}ikr pbk }ljcc}

za{ bhyk pa pbk magg{fjpz jf ubjmb za{ ujcc }kryk h}

h Yac{fpkkr&


41/127

Pkmbfjmhc prhjfjfe jfmc{`k} }k}}jaf} af }kmpar'}~kmjijm prkf`}

hf` bau pa prhf}chpk hf` {}k za{r }ljcc} pa uarl kiikmpjykcz jf

za{r magg{fjpz& Za{ ujcc rkyjku za{r pkmbfjmhc }kmpar} eahc}hf` ujcc gkkp ujpb pbk Garammhf hekfmjk} hf` arehfjthpjaf}

pbhp jfyjpk` pbk ^khmk Mar~} pa h}}j}p pbkg& Za{ ujcc ok

}{~~arpk` hf` kyhc{hpk` oz }phii pbra{eba{p prhjfjfe pa o{jc`

pbk mafij`kfmk hf` }ljcc} za{ fkk` pa {f`krphlk za{r ~radkmp

hmpjyjpjk} hf` ok h ~ra`{mpjyk gkgokr ai za{r magg{fjpz&

Prhjfjfe mhf ok jfpkf}k hf` j} }agkpjgk} }prk}}i{c& Pbk ok}p

h`yjmk uk mhf ejyk za{ j} pa ghjfphjf za{r }kf}k ai b{gar

ubjck przjfe pa ekp h} g{mb a{p ai ~rk'}kryjmk prhjfjfe h}

~a}}jock& Pbk ^khmk Mar~} okcjkyk} pbhp hcc ai pbk jfiarghpjaf

hf` k~krjkfmk za{ ehjf hrk mr{mjhc pa za{r }{mmk}}

h} h Yac{fpkkr&

Chfe{hek Prhjfjfe

H} h ^khmk Mar~} Yac{fpkkr# za{ ujcc ijf` pbhp chfe{hek }ljcc}

hrk pbk lkz pa ~kr}afhc hf` ~raik}}jafhc }hpj}ihmpjaf `{rjfe

za{r }kryjmk& Pbk}k }ljcc} hrk mrjpjmhc pa za{r dao ~kriarghfmk#

pbkz bkc~ za{ jfpkerhpk jfpa za{r magg{fjpz# hf` pbkz mhf

kh}k za{r ~kr}afhc h`h~phpjaf pa pbk fku }{rra{f`jfe}&

Pbkrkiark# chfe{hek prhjfjfe j} pbk bkhrp ai pbk prhjfjfe

~raerhg# hf` za{ g{}p }{mmk}}i{ccz gkkp gjfjg{g chfe{hek

rkx{jrkgkfp} pa mag~ckpk prhjfjfe hf` okmagk h Yac{fpkkr&

Garammhf chfe{hek hf` m{cp{rk ihmjcjphpar} pkhmb iarghc

mch}}k} }j `hz} h ukkl jf }ghcc era{~} ai ijyk ar }j ~ka~ck&

Jf h``jpjaf pa mch}}raag pjgk# za{ ujcc ok ejykf h}}jefgkfp}

pa uarl af a{p}j`k ai pbk mch}}raag hf` ujpb za{r ba}p ihgjcz&

Pbk eahc j} pa ekp za{ pa bhyk oh}jm }amjhc magg{fjmhpjaf

}ljcc} }a pbhp za{ mhf ~rhmpjmk hf` `kykca~ chfe{hek }ljcc}i{rpbkr af za{r auf& ^rjar pa okjfe }uarf jf h} h Yac{fpkkr#

za{ ujcc uarl af }prhpkejk} pa mafpjf{k chfe{hek }p{`jk}

`{rjfe za{r pua zkhr} ai }kryjmk& Hipkr za{ }kppck jf hp za{r

H U K C M A G K O A A L G A _ A M M A =:


42/127

^ K H M K M A _ ^ ]

}jpk# pbk ^khmk Mar~} ujcc ~rayj`k i{f`} iar h chfe{hek

p{par& H} Fkc}af Ghf`kch bh} }hj`# Ji za{ phcl pa h ghf jf h

chfe{hek pbhp bk {f`kr}phf`}# pbhp eak} pa bj} bkh`& Ji za{phcl pa bjg jf bj} auf chfe{hek# pbhp eak} pa bj} bkhrp&

Ia{r ghdar chfe{hek} hrk }~alkf jf Garamma4 Garammhf

Hrhojm "@krjdh* hf` pbk Okrokr `jhckmp} Ph}bkcbkjp# Phghtjebp#

hf` Phrjijp& Iar pbk ga}p ~hrp# Garammhf} uba uarl iar pbk

eaykrfgkfp bhyk ~{r}{k` pbkjr }kmaf`hrz hf` {fjykr}jpz

}p{`jk} jf Irkfmb& Garammhf} ghz hc}a {}k Irkfmb hp pbkjr

dao}& Pbk ^khmk Mar~} pbkrkiark bjebcz rkmaggkf`} pbhp

Yac{fpkkr} okejf }p{`zjfe ar rkyjkujfe Irkfmb okiark magjfe

pa Garamma&

Mra}}'M{cp{rhc Prhjfjfe

H} ~hrp ai za{r ~rk'}kryjmk prhjfjfe# za{ ujcc cjyk ujpb

h Garammhf ba}p ihgjcz& Pbj} k~krjkfmk ujcc kh}k za{r

prhf}jpjaf pa cjik hp za{r }jpk& Ihgjcjk} bhyk eafk pbra{eb hf

arjkfphpjaf maf`{mpk` oz ^khmk Mar~} }phii pa k~chjf pbk

~{r~a}k ai ~rk'}kryjmk prhjfjfe hf` pa h}}j}p pbkg jf bkc~jfe

za{ h`h~p pa cjyjfe jf Garamma& Ghfz Yac{fpkkr} iarg }prafe

hf` ch}pjfe irjkf`}bj~} ujpb pbkjr ba}p ihgjcjk}&

Mra}}'m{cp{rhc hf` magg{fjpz `kykca~gkfp prhjfjfe ujcc bkc~

za{ jg~rayk za{r magg{fjmhpjaf }ljcc} hf` {f`kr}phf` za{rrack h} h ihmjcjphpar ai `kykca~gkfp& Za{ ujcc ckhrf pbk }amjhc

hf` okbhyjarhc }ljcc} fkk`k` pa kfpkr za{r magg{fjpz hf`

i{fmpjaf jf h m{cp{rk }jefjijmhfpcz `jiikrkfp irag za{r auf&

Za{ ujcc ok k~a}k` pa pa~jm} }{mb h} magg{fjpz gaojcjthpjaf#

maficjmp rk}ac{pjaf# ekf`kr hf` `kykca~gkfp# fafiarghc hf`

h`{cp k`{mhpjaf }prhpkejk}# hf` ~acjpjmhc }pr{mp{rk}&

Bkhcpb Prhjfjfe

@{rjfe ~rk'}kryjmk prhjfjfe# za{ ujcc ok ejykf oh}jm gk`jmhc

prhjfjfe hf` jfiarghpjaf& Za{ ujcc ok k~kmpk` pa ~rhmpjmk

~rkykfpjyk bkhcpb mhrk hf` pa phlk rk}~af}jojcjpz iar za{r

0>


43/127

auf bkhcpb oz h`bkrjfe pa hcc gk`jmhc ~acjmjk}& Prhjfkk} hrk

rkx{jrk` pa hppkf` hcc gk`jmhc }k}}jaf}& Pbk pa~jm} jfmc{`k

~rkykfpjyk bkhcpb gkh}{rk} hf` gjfar hf` ghdar gk`jmhcj}}{k} pbhp za{ gjebp kfma{fpkr ubjck jf Garamma& ]kppjfe

{~ h }hik cjyjfe mag~a{f`# ojmzmck ghjfpkfhfmk# i{kc }hikpz#

f{prjpjaf# uhpkr prkhpgkfp# gkfphc bkhcpb# hf` bau pa hyaj`

BJY!HJ@] hf` apbkr }k{hccz prhf}gjppk` `j}kh}k} "]P@}* hrk

hc}a maykrk`&

]hikpz hf` ]km{rjpz Prhjfjfe

@{rjfe pbk }hikpz prhjfjfe }k}}jaf}# za{ ujcc ckhrf bau pa

h`a~p h cjik}pzck pbhp rk`{mk} za{r rj}l} hp bagk# hp uarl# hf`

`{rjfe za{r prhykc}& Za{ ujcc hc}a ckhrf h~~ra~rjhpk# kiikmpjyk

}prhpkejk} pa ma~k ujpb {fuhfpk` hppkfpjaf hf` hoa{p za{r

jf`jyj`{hc rk}~af}jojcjpz iar ~ragapjfe }hikpz pbra{eba{p za{r

}kryjmk&

H``jpjafhc Prhjfjfe} @{rjfe Yac{fpkkr ]kryjmk

Jf jp} maggjpgkfp pa jf}pjp{pjafhcjtk x{hcjpz prhjfjfe# pbk

^khmk Mar~} bh} jg~ckgkfpk` h prhjfjfe }z}pkg pbhp ~rayj`k}

prhjfkk} hf` Yac{fpkkr} ujpb mafpjf{hc a~~arp{fjpjk} pa

khgjfk pbkjr maggjpgkfp pa ^khmk Mar~} }kryjmk ubjck

jfmrkh}jfe pbkjr pkmbfjmhc hf` mra}}'m{cp{rhc }ljcc}& @{rjfeza{r }kryjmk# pbkrk hrk {}{hccz pbrkk prhjfjfe kykfp}& Pbk pjpck}

hf` aodkmpjyk} iar pba}k prhjfjfe} hrk h} iaccau}4

Jf'}kryjmk prhjfjfe4 ^rayj`k} hf a~~arp{fjpz iar

Yac{fpkkr} pa {~erh`k pbkjr pkmbfjmhc# chfe{hek#

hf` ~radkmp `kykca~gkfp }ljcc} ubjck }bhrjfe pbkjr

k~krjkfmk} ujpb ikccau Yac{fpkkr} hf` Garammhf

ma{fpkr~hrp}& Gj`'}kryjmk mafikrkfmk4 @{rjfe gj`'}kryjmk ~bz}jmhc

khg pjgk# Yac{fpkkr} ujcc bhyk pbk a~~arp{fjpz pa

gkkp paekpbkr# rkickmp af pbkjr ijr}p zkhr jf Garamma#

hf` }phrp ~chffjfe pbk }kmaf` zkhr ai }kryjmk&



44/127

^ K H M K M A _ ^ ]0?

Mca}k ai }kryjmk mafikrkfmk4 ^rk~hrk} Yac{fpkkr} iar

pbk i{p{rk hipkr ^khmk Mar~} }kryjmk hf` rkyjku} pbkjr

rk}~kmpjyk ~radkmp} hf` ~kr}afhc k~krjkfmk}&

Pbk f{gokr# ckfepb# hf` `k}jef ai pbk}k prhjfjfe} hrk h`h~pk`

pa ma{fprz'}~kmjijm fkk`} hf` maf`jpjaf}& Pbk lkz pa pbk

prhjfjfe }z}pkg j} pbhp prhjfjfe kykfp} hrk jfpkerhpk` hf`

jfpkrrkchpk`# irag pbk ~rk'`k~hrp{rk arjkfphpjaf pbra{eb pbk

kf` ai za{r }kryjmk& Prhjfjfe j} ~chffk`# jg~ckgkfpk`# hf`

kyhc{hpk` maa~krhpjykcz oz pbk prhjfjfe }phii# ^khmk Mar~}

}phii# hf` Yac{fpkkr}&


45/127


F A P K ]


46/127


47/127

ZA[_ BKHCPB MH_K HF@

]HIKPZ JF GA_AMMA

Pbk ^khmk Mar~} bjebk}p ~rjarjpz j} ghjfphjfjfe pbk eaa`

bkhcpb hf` }hikpz ai kykrz Yac{fpkkr& ^khmk Mar~} gk`jmhc

~raerhg} kg~bh}jtk pbk ~rkykfpjyk# rhpbkr pbhf pbk m{rhpjyk#

h~~rahmb pa `j}kh}k& Pbk ^khmk Mar~} jf Garamma ghjfphjf}

h bkhcpb {fjp ujpb pua i{cc'pjgk gk`jmhc aiijmkr}# uba phlkmhrk ai Yac{fpkkr} ~rjghrz bkhcpb'mhrk fkk`}& H``jpjafhc

gk`jmhc }kryjmk}# }{mb h} pk}pjfe hf` oh}jm prkhpgkfp# hrk hc}a

hyhjchock jf Garamma hp camhc ba}~jphc}& Ji za{ okmagk }krja{}cz

jcc# za{ ujcc ok prhf}~arpk` kjpbkr pa hf h~~ra~rjhpk gk`jmhc

ihmjcjpz jf pbk rkejaf ar pa pbk [fjpk` ]phpk}&

Bkhcpb J}}{k} jf Garamma

Ghdar bkhcpb ~raockg} hgafe Yac{fpkkr} jf Garamma hrk

rhrk hf` hrk aipkf pbk rk}{cp ai h Yac{fpkkr} fap phljfe

~rkykfpjyk gkh}{rk} pa }phz bkhcpbz& Pbk ga}p maggaf

jccfk}}k} jf Garamma hrk gjfar afk} pbhp hrk hc}a ia{f` jf

pbk [fjpk` ]phpk}4 mac`}# `jhrrbkh# }jf{} jfikmpjaf}# }ljf

jfikmpjaf}# bkh`hmbk}# `kfphc ~raockg}# gjfar jfd{rjk}#]P@}# hf` kgapjafhc ~raockg}& Pbk}k ~raockg} ghz ok

gark irkx{kfp ar mag~a{f`k` oz cjik jf Garamma okmh{}k

mkrphjf kfyjrafgkfphc ihmpar} jf pbk ma{fprz rhj}k pbk rj}l ar

khmkrohpk pbk }kykrjpz ai jccfk}}k} hf` jfd{rjk}&

Pbk ga}p maggaf ghdar bkhcpb mafmkrf j} hgakojm `z}kfpkrz#

o{p jp mhf ok hyaj`k` oz pbara{ebcz uh}bjfe ir{jp} hf`

ykekphock} hf` kjpbkr oajcjfe za{r `rjfljfe uhpkr ar {}jfe

pbk uhpkr ~{rjijmhpjaf phockp} j}}{k` jf za{r gk`jmhc ljp& Za{

ujcc ok yhmmjfhpk` hehjf}p bk~hpjpj} H hf` O# gkfjfeammhc

gkfjfejpj}# pkphf{}!`j~bpbkrjh# pz~baj`# rhojk}# GG_ "g{g~}#

gkh}ck} hf` r{okcch*# ~acja hf` rke{chr ic{&



48/127

Bkc~jfe Za{ ]phz Bkhcpbz

Pbk ^khmk Mar~} ujcc ~rayj`k za{ ujpb hcc pbk fkmk}}hrz

jfam{chpjaf}# gk`jmhpjaf}# hf` jfiarghpjaf pa }phz bkhcpbz&

[~af za{r hrrjyhc jf Garamma# za{ ujcc rkmkjyk h gk`jmhc

bhf`oaal& Hp pbk kf` ai prhjfjfe# za{ ujcc rkmkjyk h gk`jmhc

bhf`oaal hf` h gk`jmhc ljp ujpb }{~~cjk} pa phlk mhrk ai gjc`

jccfk}}k} hf` ijr}p'hj` fkk`}& Pbk mafpkfp} ai pbk ljp hrk cj}pk`

chpkr jf pbj} mbh~pkr&

@{rjfe ~rk'}kryjmk prhjfjfe# za{ ujcc bhyk hmmk}} pa oh}jmgk`jmhc }{~~cjk} pbra{eb pbk gk`jmhc aiijmkr& Baukykr# za{

ujcc ok rk}~af}jock iar za{r auf }{~~cz ai ~rk}mrj~pjaf `r{e}

hf` hfz apbkr }~kmjijm gk`jmhc }{~~cjk} za{ rkx{jrk# h} uk ujcc

fap ar`kr pbk}k jpkg} `{rjfe prhjfjfe& ^ckh}k orjfe h pbrkk'

gafpb }{~~cz ai hfz ~rk}mrj~pjaf `r{e} za{ {}k# }jfmk pbkz

ghz fap ok hyhjchock bkrk hf` jp ghz phlk }kykrhc gafpb} iar

}bj~gkfp} pa hrrjyk&

Za{ ujcc bhyk ~bz}jmhc} hp gj`}kryjmk hf` hp pbk kf` ai za{r

}kryjmk& Ji za{ `kykca~ h }krja{} gk`jmhc ~raockg `{rjfe

za{r }kryjmk# pbk ^khmk Mar~} gk`jmhc aiijmkr jf Garamma ujcc

maf}{cp ujpb pbk Aiijmk ai Gk`jmhc ]kryjmk} jf Uh}bjfepaf#

@&M& Ji jp j} `kpkrgjfk` pbhp za{r maf`jpjaf mhffap ok prkhpk`

jf Garamma# za{ ghz ok }kfp a{p ai pbk ma{fprz iar i{rpbkr

kyhc{hpjaf hf` mhrk&

Ghjfphjfjfe Za{r Bkhcpb

H} h Yac{fpkkr# za{ g{}p hmmk~p h mkrphjf hga{fp ai

rk}~af}jojcjpz iar za{r auf bkhcpb& ^ra~kr ~rkmh{pjaf} ujcc

}jefjijmhfpcz rk`{mk za{r rj}l ai }krja{} jccfk}} ar jfd{rz& Pbk

ac` h`hek Hf a{fmk ai ~rkykfpjaf j} uarpb h ~a{f` ai m{rk

okmagk} kprkgkcz jg~arphfp jf hrkh} ubkrk `jhefa}pjm hf`

prkhpgkfp ihmjcjpjk} hrk fap {~ pa pbk }phf`hr`} ai pbk [fjpk`

]phpk}& Pbk ga}p jg~arphfp ai za{r rk}~af}jojcjpjk} jf Garamma

j} pa phlk ~rkykfpjyk gkh}{rk} iar pbk iaccaujfe4

^ K H M K M A _ ^ ]09


49/127


_hojk} j} ~rkyhckfp pbra{eba{p pbk rkejaf# }a za{ ujcc rkmkjyk

h }krjk} ai jgg{fjthpjaf} hehjf}p jp ubkf za{ hrrjyk jf

Garamma& Ji za{ hrk k~a}k` pa hf hfjghc pbhp j} lfauf pabhyk ar }{}~kmpk` ai bhyjfe rhojk}# jfiarg pbk ^khmk Mar~}

gk`jmhc aiijmkr hp afmk }a pbhp za{ mhf rkmkjyk ~a}p'k~a}{rk

oaa}pkr }bap}&

Ghfz jccfk}}k} pbhp hiicjmp Yac{fpkkr} uarcùj`k hrk kfpjrkcz

~rkykfphock ji ~ra~kr iaa` hf` uhpkr ~rkmh{pjaf} hrk phlkf&

Pbk}k jccfk}}k} jfmc{`k iaa` ~aj}afjfe# ~hrh}jpjm jfikmpjaf}#

bk~hpjpj} H# `z}kfpkrz# ph~kuarg}# hf` pz~baj` ikykr& Za{r

gk`jmhc aiijmkr ujcc `j}m{}} }~kmjijm }phf`hr`} iar uhpkr hf`

iaa` ~rk~hrhpjaf jf Garamma `{rjfe ~rk'}kryjmk prhjfjfe&

Ho}pjfkfmk j} pbk afcz mkrphjf mbajmk iar ~rkykfpjfe jfikmpjaf

ujpb BJY hf` apbkr ]P@}& Za{ hrk phljfe rj}l} ji za{ mbaa}k

pa ok }k{hccz hmpjyk& Pa ck}}kf rj}l# {}k h mafàg kykrz pjgk

za{ bhyk }k& Ubkpbkr za{r ~hrpfkr j} h ba}p ma{fprz mjpjtkf#h ikccau Yac{fpkkr# ar hfzafk kc}k# à fap h}}{gk pbj} ~kr}af

j} irkk ai BJY!HJ@] ar apbkr ]P@}& Za{ ujcc rkmkjyk gark

jfiarghpjaf irag pbk gk`jmhc aiijmkr hoa{p pbj}

jg~arphfp j}}{k&

Yac{fpkkr} hrk k~kmpk` pa h`bkrk pa hf kiikmpjyk gkhf}

ai ojrpb mafprac pa ~rkykfp hf {f~chffk` ~rkefhfmz& Za{r

gk`jmhc aiijmkr mhf bkc~ za{ `kmj`k af pbk ga}p h~~ra~rjhpk

gkpba` pa }{jp za{r jf`jyj`{hc fkk`}& Mafprhmk~pjyk gkpba`}

hrk hyhjchock ujpba{p mbhrek irag pbk gk`jmhc aiijmkr&

Jp j} mrjpjmhc pa za{r bkhcpb pbhp za{ ~rag~pcz rk~arp pa pbk

gk`jmhc aiijmk ar apbkr `k}jefhpk` ihmjcjpz iar }mbk`{ck`

jgg{fjthpjaf}# hf` pbhp za{ ckp pbk gk`jmhc aiijmkr lfau

jggk`jhpkcz ai }jefjijmhfp jccfk}}k} hf` jfd{rjk}&

05


50/127

^ K H M K M A _ ^ ]

Uagkf} Bkhcpb Jfiarghpjaf

^rkefhfmz j} prkhpk` jf pbk }hgk ghffkr h} apbkr Yac{fpkkr

bkhcpb maf`jpjaf} ubjmb rkx{jrk gk`jmhc hppkfpjaf o{p

hc}a bhyk ~raerhgghpjm rhgjijmhpjaf}& Pbk ^khmk Mar~}

j} rk}~af}jock iar `kpkrgjfjfe pbk gk`jmhc rj}l hf` pbk

hyhjchojcjpz ai h~~ra~rjhpk gk`jmhc mhrk ji pbk Yac{fpkkr

rkghjf} jf'ma{fprz& Ejykf pbk mjrm{g}phfmk} {f`kr ubjmb

Yac{fpkkr} cjyk hf` uarl jf ^khmk Mar~} ma{fprjk}# jp j} rhrk

pbhp pbk ^khmk Mar~} gk`jmhc hf` ~raerhgghpjm }phf`hr`}

iar mafpjf{k` }kryjmk `{rjfe ~rkefhfmz mhf ok gkp&

]agk ikghck Yac{fpkkr} bhyk ia{f` pbhp `j}~a}hock phg~af}

hf` ~h`} hrk rhpbkr k~kf}jyk hf` oapbkr}agk pa `j}~a}k

ai jf Garamma# hf` bhyk ia{f` pbhp orjfejfe mcapb }hfjphrz

fh~ljf} hf` apbkr rk{}hock ikgjfjfk ~ra`{mp} j} g{mb gark

mafykfjkfp& Ji za{ hrk jfpkrk}pk`# bkrk hrk h iku uko}jpk} pbhp

aiikr }{mb ~ra`{mp}4uuu&ech`rhe}&mag!

uuu&~hfàrh~h`}&mag!

uuu&pbklkk~krjfm&mag!

Za{r ^khmk Mar~} Gk`jmhc Ljp

Pbk ^khmk Mar~} gk`jmhc aiijmkr ujcc ~rayj`k za{ ujpb h

gk`jmhc ljp pbhp mafphjf} oh}jm jpkg} fkmk}}hrz pa ~rkykfp hf`

prkhp jccfk}}k} pbhp ghz amm{r `{rjfe }kryjmk& Ljp jpkg} mhf ok

~krja`jmhccz rk}pamlk` hp pbk gk`jmhc aiijmk&

Gk`jmhc Ljp Mafpkfp}

Hmk ohf`hek}

H`bk}jyk ph~kHgkrjmhf _k` Mra}} Ijr}p Hj` ) ]hikpz Bhfòaal

Hfphmj` phockp} "P{g}*

Hfpjojapjm ajfpgkfp "Ohmjprhmjf!Fkagzmjf!âczgzmjf O*

Hfpj}k~pjm hfpjgjmraojhc }ljf mckhfkr "Bjojmckf}*

02


51/127

Ohf`'Hj`}

O{ppkricz mca}{rk}

Mhchgjfk capjafMk~hmac catkfek}

Mafàg}

@kfphc ica}}

@j~bkfbz`rhgjfk BMC ?; ge "Okfh`rzc*

Jf}kmp rk~kcckfp }pjml "M{ppkr}*

Cj~ ohcg "Mbh~}pjml*

Arhc rkbz`rhpjaf }hcp} hf` Ehparh`kArhc pbkrgagkpkr "Ihbrkfbkjp*

^}k{àk~bk`rjfk BMC => ge "]{`hik`*

_aojp{}}jf'@G catkfek} "iar ma{eb*

]mj}}ar}

]pkrjck eh{tk ~h`}

Pkprhbz`rathcjfk kzk`ra~} "Yj}jfk*

Pjfhmpjf "hfpji{fehc mrkhg*

Pukktkr}

Okiark Za{ Ckhyk4 H Gk`jmhc Mbkmlcj}p

Ji pbkrk bh} okkf hfz mbhfek jf za{r bkhcpb~bz}jmhc# gkfphc#

ar `kfphc}jfmk za{ }{ogjppk` za{r khgjfhpjaf rk~arp} pa

pbk ^khmk Mar~}# za{ g{}p jggk`jhpkcz fapjiz pbk Aiijmk aiGk`jmhc ]kryjmk}& Ihjc{rk pa `j}mca}k fku jccfk}}k}# jfd{rjk}#

hcckrejk}# ar ~rkefhfmz mhf kf`hfekr za{r bkhcpb hf` ghz

dka~hr`jtk za{r kcjejojcjpz pa }kryk&

Ji za{r `kfphc khg uh} àfk gark pbhf h zkhr hea# ar ji za{r

~bz}jmhc khg j} gark pbhf pua zkhr} ac`# mafphmp pbk Aiijmk

ai Gk`jmhc ]kryjmk} pa ijf` a{p ubkpbkr za{ fkk` pa {~`hpk

za{r rkmar`}& Ji za{r `kfpj}p ar ^khmk Mar~} `kfphc maf}{cphfp

bh} rkmaggkf`k` pbhp za{ {f`krea `kfphc prkhpgkfp ar

rk~hjr# za{ g{}p mag~ckpk pbhp uarl hf` ghlk }{rk za{r

`kfpj}p }kf`} rkx{k}pk` mafijrghpjaf rk~arp} ar R'rhz} pa pbk

Aiijmk ai Gk`jmhc ]kryjmk}&

H U K C M A G K O A A L G A _ A M M A 0:


52/127

Pa hyaj` bhyjfe `{~cjmhpk yhmmjfhpjaf}# mafphmp za{r

~bz}jmjhf} aiijmk# aophjf h ma~z ai za{r jgg{fjthpjaf rkmar`#

hf` orjfe jp pa za{r ~rk'`k~hrp{rk arjkfphpjaf& Ji za{ bhykhfz jgg{fjthpjaf} ~rjar pa ^khmk Mar~} }kryjmk# pbk ^khmk

Mar~} mhffap rkjgo{r}k za{ iar pbk ma}p& Pbk ^khmk Mar~}

ujcc ~rayj`k hcc pbk jgg{fjthpjaf} fkmk}}hrz iar za{r aykr}kh}

h}}jefgkfp# kjpbkr hp za{r ~rk'`k~hrp{rk arjkfphpjaf ar }barpcz

hipkr za{ hrrjyk jf Garamma&

Orjfe h pbrkk'gafpb }{~~cz ai hfz ~rk}mrj~pjaf ar aykr'pbk'

ma{fpkr gk`jmhpjaf za{ {}k af h rke{chr oh}j}# jfmc{`jfe ojrpb

mafprac ~jcc}& Hcpba{eb pbk ^khmk Mar~} mhffap rkjgo{r}k za{

iar pbj} pbrkk'gafpb }{~~cz# uk ujcc ar`kr rkijcc} `{rjfe

za{r }kryjmk&

Ubjck huhjpjfe }bj~gkfpubjmb mhf phlk }kykrhc gafpb}

za{ ujcc ok `k~kf`kfp af za{r auf gk`jmhpjaf }{~~cz&

Pbk ^khmk Mar~} ujcc fap ~hz iar bkrohc ar faf~rk}mrjok`gk`jmhpjaf}# }{mb h} ]p& Dabf} uarp# ec{ma}hgjfk# }kckfj{g#

ar hfpjaj`hfp }{~~ckgkfp}&

Za{ hrk kfma{rhek` pa orjfe ma~jk} ai gk`jmhc ~rk}mrj~pjaf}

}jefk` oz za{r ~bz}jmjhf& Pbj} j} fap h rkx{jrkgkfp# o{p pbk}k

ghz magk jf bhf`z ji za{ hrk x{k}pjafk` jf prhf}jp hoa{p

mhrrzjfe h pbrkk'gafpb }{~~cz ai ~rk}mrj~pjaf `r{e}&

Ji za{ ukhr kzkech}}k}# orjfe pua ~hjr} ujpb za{ h ~hjr pa

{}k hf` h }~hrk& Ji h ~hjr orkhl}# pbk ^khmk Mar~} ujcc rk~chmk

jp# {}jfe pbk jfiarghpjaf za{r `ampar jf pbk [fjpk` ]phpk}

~rayj`k` af pbk kzkech}}k} iarg `{rjfe za{r khgjfhpjaf&

Uk `j}ma{rhek za{ irag {}jfe mafphmp ckf}k} `{rjfe za{r

}kryjmk pa rk`{mk za{r rj}l ai `kykca~jfe h }krja{} jfikmpjaf

ar apbkr kzk `j}kh}k& Ga}p ^khmk Mar~} ma{fprjk} `a fap bhykh~~ra~rjhpk uhpkr hf` }hfjphpjaf pa }{~~arp kzk mhrk ujpb

pbk {}k ai mafphmp ckf}k}& Pbk ^khmk Mar~} ujcc fap }{~~cz

ar rk~chmk mafphmp ckf}k} ar h}}amjhpk` }ac{pjaf} {fck}} hf

^ K H M K M A _ ^ ];>


53/127

H U K C M A G K O A A L G A _ A M M A ;8

a~bpbhcgacaej}p bh} rkmaggkf`k` pbkjr {}k iar h }~kmjijm

gk`jmhc maf`jpjaf hf` pbk ^khmk Mar~} Aiijmk ai Gk`jmhc

]kryjmk} bh} ejykf h~~rayhc&

Ji za{ hrk kcjejock iar Gk`jmhrk# hrk aykr pbk hek ai ;># ar bhyk

h bkhcpb maf`jpjaf pbhp ghz rk}prjmp za{r i{p{rk ~hrpjmj~hpjaf

jf bkhcpb'mhrk ~chf}# za{ ghz uj}b pa maf}{cp hf jf}{rhfmk

}~kmjhcj}p hoa{p {fjx{k maykrhek fkk`} okiark za{r `k~hrp{rk&

Pbk ^khmk Mar~} ujcc ~rayj`k hcc fkmk}}hrz bkhcpb mhrk irag

pbk pjgk za{ ckhyk iar za{r ~rk'`k~hrp{rk arjkfphpjaf {fpjc

za{ mag~ckpk za{r }kryjmk& Ubkf za{ ijfj}b# za{ ujcc ok

kfpjpck` pa pbk ~a}p'}kryjmk bkhcpb'mhrk okfkijp} `k}mrjok` jf

pbk Yac{fpkkr Bhf`oaal& Za{ ghz uj}b pa maf}j`kr lkk~jfe

hf kj}pjfe bkhcpb ~chf jf kiikmp `{rjfe za{r }kryjmk ji za{

pbjfl hek ar ~rkkj}pjfe maf`jpjaf} gjebp ~rkykfp za{ irag

rkkfraccjfe jf za{r m{rrkfp ~chf ubkf za{ rkp{rf bagk&

]hikpz hf` ]km{rjpzA{r ^hrpfkr}bj~

]kryjfe h} h Yac{fpkkr aykr}kh} kfphjc} mkrphjf }hikpz

hf` }km{rjpz rj}l}& Cjyjfe hf` prhykcjfe jf hf {fihgjcjhr

kfyjrafgkfp# h cjgjpk` {f`kr}phf`jfe ai pbk camhc chfe{hek

hf` m{cp{rk# hf` pbk ~krmk~pjaf ai okjfe h ukhcpbz Hgkrjmhf

hrk }agk ai pbk ihmpar} pbhp mhf ~{p h Yac{fpkkr hp rj}l&

^ra~krpz pbkip} hf` o{rechrjk} hrk fap {fmaggaf& Jfmj`kfp}

ai ~bz}jmhc hf` }k{hc h}}h{cp `a amm{r# hcpba{eb hcga}p hcc

Yac{fpkkr} mag~ckpk pbkjr pua zkhr} ai }kryjmk ujpba{p }krja{}

~kr}afhc }hikpz ~raockg}& Jf h``jpjaf# gark pbhf 20 ~krmkfp

ai Yac{fpkkr} }{rykzk` jf pbk ?>>0 ^khmk Mar~} Yac{fpkkr

]{rykz }hz pbkz ua{c` dajf pbk ^khmk Mar~} hehjf&

Pbk ^khmk Mar~} h~~rahmbk} }hikpz hf` }km{rjpz h} h~hrpfkr}bj~ ujpb za{& Pbj} Ukcmagk Oaal mafphjf} }kmpjaf}

af4 Cjyjfe Maf`jpjaf} hf` Yac{fpkkr Cjik}pzck< ^khmk Mar~}

Prhjfjfe< hf` Za{r Bkhcpb Mhrk hf` ]hikpz& Hcc ai pbk}k

}kmpjaf} jfmc{`k jg~arphfp }hikpz hf` }km{rjpz jfiarghpjaf&


54/127

^ K H M K M A _ ^ ]

Pbk ^khmk Mar~} ghlk} kykrz kiiarp pa ejyk Yac{fpkkr} pbk

paac} pbkz fkk` pa i{fmpjaf jf pbk }hik}p hf` ga}p }km{rk uhz

~a}}jock# okmh{}k uarljfe pa ghjgjtk pbk }hikpz hf` }km{rjpzai Yac{fpkkr} j} a{r bjebk}p ~rjarjpz& Fap afcz à uk ~rayj`k

za{ ujpb prhjfjfe hf` paac} pa ~rk~hrk iar pbk {fk~kmpk`# o{p

uk pkhmb za{ pa j`kfpjiz hf` ghfhek pbk rj}l} za{

ghz kfma{fpkr&

Ihmpar} pbhp Mafprjo{pk pa Yac{fpkkr _j}l

Pbkrk hrk }kykrhc ihmpar} pbhp mhf bkjebpkf h Yac{fpkkr}

rj}l# ghfz ai ubjmb hrk ujpbjf pbk Yac{fpkkr} mafprac&

Oh}k` af jfiarghpjaf ehpbkrk` irag jfmj`kfp rk~arp}

uarcùj`k jf ?>>0# pbk iaccaujfe ihmpar} }phf` a{p h} rj}l

mbhrhmpkrj}pjm} iar h}}h{cp}& H}}h{cp} maf}j}p ai ~kr}afhc

mrjgk} maggjppk` hehjf}p Yac{fpkkr}# hf` à fap jfmc{`k

~ra~krpz mrjgk} "}{mb h} yhf`hcj}g ar pbkip*& Camhpjaf4 Ga}p mrjgk} amm{rrk` ubkf Yac{fpkkr}

ukrk jf ~{ocjm hrkh} "k&e }prkkp# ~hrl# okhmb# ~{ocjm

o{jc`jfe}*& ]~kmjijmhccz# 0= ~krmkfp ai h}}h{cp} paal

~chmk ubkf Yac{fpkkr} ukrk huhz irag pbkjr }jpk}&

Pjgk ai `hz4 H}}h{cp} {}{hccz paal ~chmk af pbk

ukklkf` `{rjfe pbk kykfjfe okpukkf ;4>> ~&g& hf`

?4>> h&g& ujpb ga}p h}}h{cp} amm{rrjfe hra{f`

84>> h&g&

Ho}kfmk ai apbkr}4 H}}h{cp} {}{}hccz amm{rrk` ubkf pbk

Yac{fpkkr uh} {fhmmag~hfjk`& Jf 2? ~krmkfp ai pbk

}k{hc h}}h{cp} pbk Yac{fpkkr uh} {fhmmag~hffjk` hf`

jf ;; ~krmkfp ai ~bz}jmhc h}}h{cp} pbk Yac{fpkkr

uh} {fhmmag~hfjk`&

_kchpjaf}bj~ pa h}}hjchfp4 Jf ga}p h}}h{cp}# pbk

Yac{fpkkr `j` fap lfau pbk h}}hjchfp&

Maf}{g~pjaf ai hcmabac4 Iarpz ~krmkfp ai hcc h}}h{cp}

jfyacyk` hcmabac maf}{g~pjaf oz Yac{fpkkr}

hf`!ar h}}hjchfp}&

;?


55/127


]{gghrz ]prhpkejk} pa _k`{mk _j}l

Okiark hf` `{rjfe }kryjmk# za{r prhjfjfe ujcc h``rk}} pbk}k

hrkh} ai mafmkrf }a pbhp za{ mhf rk`{mk pbk rj}l} za{ ihmk&

Iar khg~ck# bkrk hrk }agk }prhpkejk} Yac{fpkkr} kg~caz4

]prhpkejk} pa rk`{mk pbk rj}l!jg~hmp ai pbkip4

Lfau pbk kfyjrafgkfp hf` mbaa}k }hik ra{pk}!pjgk}

iar prhykc

Hyaj` bjeb'mrjgk hrkh} ~kr ^khmk Mar~} e{j`hfmk

Lfau pbk yamho{chrz pa ekp bkc~ jf hf kgkrekfmz

Mhrrz yhc{hock} jf `jiikrkfp ~amlkp}!~chmk}

Mhrrz h `{ggz uhcckp h} h `kmaz

]prhpkejk} pa rk`{mk pbk rj}l!jg~hmp ai o{rechrz4

Cjyk ujpb h camhc ihgjcz ar af h ihgjcz mag~a{f`

^{p }prafe caml} af `aar} hf` lkk~ yhc{hock} jf h caml

oa ar pr{fl

Ckhyk jrrk~chmkhock aodkmp} hp bagk jf pbk [&]&

Iaccau ^khmk Mar~} e{j`kcjfk} af ghjfphjfjfe bagk

}km{rjpz

]prhpkejk} pa rk`{mk pbk rj}l!jg~hmp ai h}}h{cp4

Ghlk camhc irjkf`}

Ghlk }{rk za{r h~~khrhfmk j} rk}~kmpi{c ai camhc

m{}pag}< `afp `rhu fkehpjyk hppkfpjaf pa za{r}kci oz

ukhrjfe jfh~~ra~rjhpk mcapbjfe

Ekp pa lfau camhc aiijmjhc}# ~acjmk# hf` fkjeboar}

Prhykc ujpb }agkafk ubkfkykr ~a}}jock

Hyaj` lfauf bjeb mrjgk hrkh}

Cjgjp hcmabac maf}{g~pjaf

;=


56/127

]{~~arp irag ]phii

Jf Ghrmb ?>>=# pbk ^khmk Mar~} mrkhpk` pbk Aiijmk ai

]hikpz hf` ]km{rjpz ujpb jp} gj}}jaf pa ia}pkr jg~rayk`

magg{fjmhpjaf# maar`jfhpjaf# aykr}jebp# hf` hmma{fphojcjpz ai

hcc ^khmk Mar~} }hikpz hf` }km{rjpz kiiarp}& Pbk fku aiijmk

j} ck` oz hf H}}amjhpk @jrkmpar iar ]hikpz hf` ]km{rjpz uba

rk~arp} pa pbk ^khmk Mar~} @jrkmpar hf` jfmc{`k} pbk iaccaujfe

`jyj}jaf}4 Yac{fpkkr ]hikpz hf` Aykr}kh} ]km{rjpz< Jfiarghpjaf

hf` ^kr}affkc ]km{rjpz< Kgkrekfmz ^rk~hrk`fk}}# ^chf}#

Prhjfjfe hf` Kkrmj}k< hf` Mrjgk ]phpj}pjm} hf` Hfhcz}j}&

Pbk ghdar rk}~af}jojcjpjk} ai pbk Yac{fpkkr ]hikpz hf`

Aykr}kh} ]km{rjpz @jyj}jaf hrk pa maar`jfhpk pbk aiijmk}

aykr}kh} a~krhpjaf} hf` `jrkmp pbk ^khmk Mar~} }hikpz hf`

}km{rjpz aiijmkr} uba hrk camhpk` jf yhrja{} rkejaf} hra{f`

pbk uarc` pbhp bhyk ^khmk Mar~} ~raerhg}& Pbk }hikpz hf`

}km{rjpz aiijmkr} maf`{mp }km{rjpz h}}k}}gkfp}< rkyjku }hikpzprhjfjfe}< prhjf prhjfkr} hf` ghfhekr}< prhjf Yac{fpkkr }hikpz

uhr`kf}# camhc e{hr`}# hf` }phii< `kykca~ }km{rjpz jfmj`kfp

rk}~af}k ~ramk`{rk}< hf` ~rayj`k mrj}j} ghfhekgkfp }{~~arp&

Ji h prhjfkk ar Yac{fpkkr j} pbk yjmpjg ai h }hikpz jfmj`kfp#

^khmk Mar~} }phii j} ~rk~hrk` pa ~rayj`k }{~~arp& Hcc ^khmk

Mar~} ~a}p} bhyk ~ramk`{rk} jf ~chmk pa rk}~af` pa jfmj`kfp}

ai mrjgk maggjppk` hehjf}p Yac{fpkkr}& Pbk ijr}p ~rjarjpz iar

hcc ~a}p} jf pbk hipkrghpb ai hf jfmj`kfp j} pa kf}{rk pbhp pbk

Yac{fpkkr j} }hik hf` rkmkjyjfe gk`jmhc prkhpgkfp h} fkk`k`&

Hipkr h}}{rjfe pbk }hikpz ai pbk Yac{fpkkr# ^khmk Mar~} }phii

~rayj`k }{~~arp oz rkh}}k}}jfe pbk Yac{fpkkr} uarl }jpk

hf` ba{}jfe hrrhfekgkfp} hf` ghljfe hfz h`d{}pgkfp}#

h} fkk`k`& Jf }agk mh}k}# pbk fhp{rk ai pbk jfmj`kfp ghz

fkmk}}jphpk h }jpk ar ba{}jfe prhf}ikr& ^khmk Mar~} }phii ujcc

hc}a h}}j}p Yac{fpkkr} ujpb ~rk}kryjfe pbkjr rjebp} pa ~{r}{k

ckehc }hfmpjaf} hehjf}p pbk ~kr~kprhpar} ai pbk mrjgk& Jp j} ykrz

jg~arphfp pbhp Yac{fpkkr} rk~arp jfmj`kfp} h} pbkz amm{r# fap

^ K H M K M A _ ^ ];0


57/127


afcz pa ~rapkmp pbkjr ~kkr Yac{fpkkr}# o{p hc}a pa ~rk}kryk pbk

i{p{rk rjebp pa ~ra}km{pk& ]ba{c` Yac{fpkkr} `kmj`k chpkr jf

pbk ~ramk}} pbhp pbkz uhfp pa ~ramkk` ujpb pbk ~ra}km{pjafai pbkjr h}}hjchfp# pbj} a~pjaf ghz fa cafekr kj}p ji pbk

kyj`kfmk ai pbk kykfp bh} fap okkf ~rk}kryk` hp pbk pjgk ai

pbk jfmj`kfp&

Pbk ma{fprz'}~kmjijm `hph mbhrp okcau }bau} pbk jfmj`kfmk

rhpk} hf` pbk hykrhek f{gokr ai jfmj`kfp} ai pbk ghdar pz~k}

ai }hikpz jfmj`kfp} rk~arpk` oz ^khmk Mar~} Yac{fpkkr}!

prhjfkk} jf Garamma h} mag~hrk` pa hcc apbkr K{ra~k#

Gk`jpkrrhfkhf hf` H}jh rkejaf ~raerhg} h} h uback# irag

?>>>?>>0& Jp j} ~rk}kfpk` pa za{ jf h }agkubhp pkmbfjmhc

ghffkr iar }phpj}pjmhc hmm{rhmz&

Pa i{ccz h~~rkmjhpk pbk macckmpk` `hph okcau# hf k~chfhpjaf ai

pbk erh~b j} ~rayj`k` h} iaccau}4

Pbk jfmj`kfmk rhpk iar khmb pz~k ai mrjgk j} pbk f{gokr ai

mrjgk kykfp} rkchpjyk pa pbk Yac{fpkkr!prhjfkk ~a~{chpjaf&

Jp j} k~rk}}k` af pbk mbhrp h} h rhpja ai mrjgk pa Yac{fpkkr

hf` prhjfkk zkhr} "ar Y!P zkhr}# ubjmb j} h gkh}{rk ai 8? i{cc

gafpb} ai Y!P }kryjmk* pa hccau iar h }phpj}pjmhccz yhcj` uhz

pa mag~hrk mrjgk `hph hmra}} ma{fprjk}& Hf jfmj`kfp j} h

}~kmjijm aiikf}k# ~kr ^khmk Mar~} mch}}jijmhpjaf ai aiikf}k}#

hf` ghz jfyacyk afk ar gark Yac{fpkkr!prhjfkk yjmpjg}& Iar

khg~ck# ji pua Yac{fpkkr} hrk raook` hp pbk }hgk pjgk hf`

~chmk# pbj} j} mch}}jijk` h} afk raookrz jfmj`kfp&

;;


58/127

^ K H M K M A _ ^ ];9

JF]K_P MA[FP_Z']^KMJIJM E_H^B BK_K

8Pbk hykrhek f{gokr} ai jfmj`kfp} hrk jf ~hrkfpbk}j} hf` kx{hc pbk hykrhekrk~arpk` h}}h{cp} iar khmb zkhr okpukkf ?>>8?>>;&

?Jfmj`kfp rhpk} kx{hc pbk f{gokr ai h}}h{cp} ~kr 8>> Yac{fpkkr} hf` prhjfkk}~kr zkhr "Y!P zkhr}*& ]jfmk ga}p }k{hc h}}h{cp} amm{r hehjf}p ikghck}# afcz

ikghck Y!P} hrk mhcm{chpk` jf rh~k} hf` gjfar }k{hc h}}h{cp}& F{gokr} aijfmj`kfp} hrk h~~rajghpk `{k pa ra{f`jfe&

=@hph macckmpjaf iar Garamma okehf h} ai ?>>8

]a{rmk `hph af jfmj`kfp} hrk `rhuf irag H}}h{cp Fapjijmhpjaf ]{rykjcchfmk]z}pkg "HF]]* hf` K~j`kgjacaejm ]{rykjcchfmk ]z}pkg "K]]*< pbkjfiarghpjaf j} hmm{rhpk h} ai >5!?5!>9&

Pbk mbhrp j} }k~hrhpk` jfpa kjebp mrjgk mhpkearjk}& Pbk}k

jfmc{`k yhf`hcj}g "ghcjmja{} `kihmkgkfp ar `hghek ai

~ra~krpz*< pbkip "phljfe ujpba{p iarmk ar jcckehc kfprz*?&9:?&?:88# ar oz k'ghjc hp

yjackfpmrjgkbapcjfkN~khmkmar~}&eay&

]km{rjpz J}}{k} jf Garamma

Ubkf jp magk} pa za{r }hikpz hf` }km{rjpz jf pbk ^khmk Mar~}#

za{ bhyk pa ok ujccjfe pa h`h~p za{r okbhyjar hf` cjik}pzck pa

gjfjgjtk pbk ~apkfpjhc iar okjfe h phrekp ai mrjgk& H} ujpb

hfzubkrk jf pbk uarc`# mrjgk àk} kj}p jf Garamma& Za{

mhf rk`{mk za{r rj}l oz hyaj`jfe }jp{hpjaf} pbhp ghlk za{

ikkc {fmagiarphock hf` oz phljfe ~rkmh{pjaf}& Mrjgk hp pbk

yjcchek ar pauf ckykc j} ck}} irkx{kfp pbhf jf pbk chrek mjpjk}

Magg{fjpz jfpkerhpjaf j} lkz pa pbk }{mmk}} ai h Yac{fpkkr&

Jfyk}pjfe pjgk jf za{r }jpk `kgaf}prhpk} za{r maggjpgkfp

pa pbk magg{fjpz hf`# jf p{rf# za{r magg{fjpz ujcc maf}j`krza{ h ~hrp ai pbkg# hf` fap h pa{rj}p& ^khmk Mar~} rkx{jrk}

pbhp khmb ^khmk Mar~} ma{fprz bhyk hf a{p'ai'}jpk ~acjmz

hf` pbhp za{# h} h Yac{fpkkr# mag~cz i{ccz ujpb pbj} ~acjmz&

^khmk Mar~}!Garamma bh} `kykca~k` hf a{p'ai'}jpk ~acjmz pbhp

kfma{rhek} Yac{fpkkr} pa jfyk}p pjgk jf pbkjr }jpk}# o{p hp

pbk }hgk pjgk rkhcjtk} pbhp àuf pjgk j} hc}a jg~arphfp iar

Yac{fpkkr}& Pbk m{rrkfp ~acjmz# iar khg~ck# àk} hccau za{ packhyk za{r }jpk pujmk h gafpb iar pua faf'uarl `hz} ujpb hf

aykrfjebp& Pbkrk ujcc hc}a ok pjgk} pbhp za{ ujcc ok a{p ai za{r

}jpk iar uarl'rkchpk` ~{r~a}k}& Za{ ujcc ok k~kmpk` pa iaccau

k}phocj}bk` ~ramk`{rk} hfz pjgk za{ mafpkg~chpk ckhyjfe

za{r }jpk oz rkx{k}pjfe h~~rayhc hf`!ar ~rayj`jfe fapjijmhpjaf

ai za{r prhykc ~rjar pa ckhyjfe za{r }jpk& Pbk mag~ckpk a{p'

ai'}jpk ~acjmz ujcc ok k~chjfk` jf erkhpkr `kphjc `{rjfe za{r

jf'ma{fprz prhjfjfe& Hcpba{eb pbj} ~acjmz ujcc ~{p cjgjphpjaf}

af za{r prhykc}# }agkpbjfe za{ fkk` pa rkmaefjtk# jp ujcc

ck}}kf hfz rj}l} pbhp za{ ghz ihmk ubjck prhykcjfe hra{f` pbk

ma{fprz& Ga}p jg~arphfpcz# jp ujcc kfhock ^khmk Mar~}!Garamma

pa camhpk za{ hp hfz pjgk }ba{c` pbkrk ok hf kgkrekfmz kjpbkr

rkchpjfe pa ihgjcz ohml jf pbk ]phpk} ar fhp{rhc `j}h}pkr} }{mb

h} icaa`} ar khrpbx{hlk}&

]k a{p}j`k ai ghrrjhek j} jcckehc jf Garamma hf` ghz

dka~hr`jtk za{r }hikpz ar za{r hojcjpz pa `kykca~ g{p{hccz

rk}~kmpi{c rkchpjaf}bj~} jf za{r magg{fjpz hf` hp za{r dao& Jf

h``jpjaf# baga}k{hc okbhyjar j} hc}a jcckehc jf Garamma# hf`

ehz hf` ck}ojhf rjebp} hrk fap ~rapkmpk` {f`kr pbk Garammhf

Maf}pjp{pjaf& Garkaykr# }agk Garammhf} hrk baga~baojm#

hf` pbkrk bhyk okkf jf}phfmk} ai yjackfmk pauhr` jf`jyj`{hc}uba hrk a~kfcz ehz& Ehz hf` ck}ojhf Yac{fpkkr} pbkrkiark ujcc

bhyk pa ~rhmpjmk `j}mrkpjaf& Pbk ^khmk Mar~} j} maggjppk` pa

~rayj`jfe }{~~arp iar hcc Yac{fpkkr} rkehr`ck}} ai

}k{hc arjkfphpjaf&


63/127


]phzjfe ]hik4 @afp Ok h Phrekp iar Mrjgk

Za{ g{}p ok ~rk~hrk` pa phlk af h chrek rk}~af}jojcjpz iar

za{r auf }hikpz& Afcz za{ mhf ghlk za{r}kci ck}} ai h phrekp#

kf}{rk pbhp za{r ba{}k j} }km{rk# hf` `kykca~ rkchpjaf} jf

za{r magg{fjpz pbhp ujcc ghlk za{ hf {fcjlkcz yjmpjg ai

mrjgk& Jf magjfe pa Garamma# à ubhp za{ ua{c` à ji za{

gayk` pa h chrek mjpz jf pbk [fjpk` ]phpk}4 ok mh{pja{}# mbkml

pbjfe} a{p# h}l x{k}pjaf}# ckhrf hoa{p za{r fkjeboarbaa`#

lfau ubkrk pbk gark rj}lz camhpjaf} hrk# {}k maggaf }kf}k#

hf` ok huhrk& Za{ mhf rk`{mk za{r y{cfkrhojcjpz pa mrjgk oz

jfpkerhpjfe jfpa za{r magg{fjpz# ckhrfjfe pbk camhc chfe{hek#

hmpjfe rk}~af}jocz# hf` hoj`jfe oz ^khmk Mar~} ~acjmjk} hf`

~ramk`{rk}& ]kryjfe }hikcz hf` kiikmpjykcz jf Garamma ghz

rkx{jrk pbhp za{ hmmk~p }agk rk}prjmpjaf} af za{r

m{rrkfp cjik}pzck&

Yac{fpkkr} hpprhmp h cap ai hppkfpjaf oapb jf chrek mjpjk} hf`hp pbkjr }jpk}# o{p pbkz hrk cjlkcz pa rkmkjyk gark fkehpjyk

hppkfpjaf jf bjebcz ~a~{chpk` mkfpkr} ubkrk pbkz hrk

hfafzga{}# pbhf hp pbkjr }jpk}# hf` jf }ghcckr pauf}# ubkrk

ihgjcz# irjkf`}# hf` macckhe{k} caal a{p iar pbkg& Ubjck

{fuhfpk` hppkfpjaf j} ihjrcz maggaf af pbk }prkkp# pbj}

okbhyjar mhf ok rk`{mk` ji za{ `rk}} maf}kryhpjykcz# hyaj` kzk

mafphmp# hf` à fap rk}~af`& Jf h``jpjaf# lkk~ za{r gafkza{p ai }jebp< à fap lkk~ za{r gafkz jf a{p}j`k ~amlkp} ai

ohml~hml}# jf mahp ~amlkp}# ar jf ihffz ~hml}< hf` hcuhz} uhcl

ujpb h mag~hfjaf hp fjebp&

^rk~hrjfe iar pbk [fk~kmpk`4 ]hikpz Prhjfjfe hf` Yac{fpkkr

]{~~arp jf Garamma

Pbk ^khmk Mar~} }hikpz ~raerhg phlk} h ijyk'~rafek`

h~~rahmb pa bkc~jfe za{ }phz }hik `{rjfe za{r pua'zkhr

}kryjmk4 jfiarghpjaf' }bhrjfe# Yac{fpkkr prhjfjfe# }jpk }kckmpjaf


64/127

^ K H M K M A _ ^ ]9?

mrjpkrjh# h `kphjck` kgkrekfmz hmpjaf ~chf# hf` ~rapamac} iar

h``rk}}jfe }hikpz hf` }km{rjpz jfmj`kfp}& Garamma} jf'ma{fprz

}hikpz ~raerhg j} a{pcjfk` okcau&

Pbk ^khmk Mar~}!Garamma aiijmk ujcc lkk~ Yac{fpkkr}

h~~rj}k` ai hfz j}}{k} pbhp ghz jg~hmp Yac{fpkkr }hikpz

pbra{eb jfiarghpjaf }bhrjfe& _ke{chr {~`hpk} hrk aiikrk` jf

^khmkuarl}# pbk Yac{fpkkr fku}ckppkr# hf` jf gkgarhf`h

irag pbk ma{fprz `jrkmpar& Jf pbk kykfp ai h mrjpjmhc }jp{hpjaf

ar kgkrekfmz# Yac{fpkkr} ujcc ok mafphmpk` pbra{eb pbk

kgkrekfmz magg{fjmhpjaf fkpuarl&

Yac{fpkkr prhjfjfe ujcc jfmc{`k }k}}jaf} af }~kmjijm }hikpz hf`

}km{rjpz j}}{k} jf Garamma& Pbj} prhjfjfe ujcc ~rk~hrk za{ pa

h`a~p h m{cp{rhccz h~~ra~rjhpk cjik}pzck hf` kkrmj}k d{`egkfp

pbhp ~ragapk} }hikpz hf` rk`{mk} rj}l} jf za{r bagk# hp uarl#

hf` ubjck prhykcjfe& ]hikpz prhjfjfe j} aiikrk` pbra{eba{p za{r

}kryjmk hf` j} jfpkerhpk` jfpa pbk chfe{hek# mra}}'m{cp{rhc#bkhcpb# hf` apbkr mag~afkfp} ai prhjfjfe&

]jpk }kckmpjaf mrjpkrjh hrk {}k` pa `kpkrgjfk yjhock uarl

h}}jefgkfp} hf` }hik }jpk} iar Yac{fpkkr} okiark pbkjr hrrjyhc&

Pbk ^khmk Mar~} }phii uarl} mca}kcz ujpb ba}p magg{fjpjk}

hf` ma{fpkr~hrp hekfmjk} pa ~rk~hrk pbkg iar h Yac{fpkkr}

hrrjyhc hf` pa k}phocj}b k~kmphpjaf} ai pbkjr rk}~kmpjyk rack}

jf }{~~arpjfe pbk Yac{fpkkr& Khmb }jpk j} jf}~kmpk` okiark pbk

Yac{fpkkr} hrrjyhc pa kf}{rk ~chmkgkfp jf h~~ra~rjhpk# }hik#

hf` }km{rk ba}p ihgjcz bagk} hf` uarl }jpk}& ]jpk }kckmpjaf j}

oh}k` jf ~hrp af hfz rkckyhfp }jpk bj}parz< hmmk}} pa gk`jmhc#

ohfljfe# ~a}phc# hf` apbkr k}}kfpjhc }kryjmk}< hyhjchojcjpz ai

magg{fjmhpjaf}# prhf}~arphpjaf# h~~ra~rjhpk ba{}jfe hf`

ghrlkp}< hf` apbkr Yac{fpkkr }{~~arp fkk`}&

Za{ ujcc hc}a ckhrf hoa{p ^khmk Mar~}!Garamma} `kphjck`

kgkrekfmz hmpjaf ~chf# ubjmb j} jg~ckgkfpk` jf pbk kykfp ai

mjyjc ar ~acjpjmhc {frk}p ar h fhp{rhc `j}h}pkr& Ubkf za{ hrrjyk


65/127


hp za{r }jpk# za{ ujcc mag~ckpk hf` }{ogjp h }jpk camhpar iarg

ujpb za{r h``rk}}# mafphmp jfiarghpjaf# hf` h gh~ pa za{r

ba{}k& Ji pbkrk j} h }km{rjpz pbrkhp# Yac{fpkkr} jf Garammaujcc ehpbkr hp ~rk`kpkrgjfk` camhpjaf} {fpjc pbk }jp{hpjaf j}

rk}acyk` ar pbk ^khmk Mar~} `kmj`k} pa kyhm{hpk&

Ijfhccz# jf ar`kr iar pbk ^khmk Mar~} pa ok i{ccz rk}~af}jyk

pa pbk fkk`} ai Yac{fpkkr}# jp j} jg~krhpjyk pbhp Yac{fpkkr}

jggk`jhpkcz rk~arp hfz }km{rjpz jfmj`kfp pa pbk ^khmk Mar~}

gk`jmhc aiijmkr& Pbk ^khmk Mar~} bh} k}phocj}bk`~rapamac}

iar h``rk}}jfe }hikpz hf` }km{rjpz jfmj`kfp} jf h pjgkcz

hf` h~~ra~rjhpk ghffkr# hf` jp macckmp} hf` kyhc{hpk} }hikpz

hf` }km{rjpz `hph pa prhml prkf`} hf` `kykca~ }prhpkejk} pa

gjfjgjtk rj}l} pa i{p{rk Yac{fpkkr}&


66/127


67/127

@J YK _]JPZ HF@ M_A]]'

M[CP[_HC J]][K]

Jf i{cijccjfe pbk ^khmk Mar~} ghf`hpk pa }bhrk pbk ihmk ai

Hgkrjmh ujpb a{r ba}p ma{fprjk}# uk hrk ghljfe }~kmjhc

kiiarp} pa }kk pbhp hcc ai Hgkrjmh} rjmbfk}} j} rkickmpk` jf

pbk Yac{fpkkr mar~}& Gark Hgkrjmhf} ai macar hrk }kryjfe

jf pa`hz} ^khmk Mar~} pbhf hp hfz pjgk jf rkmkfp zkhr}&@jiikrkfmk} jf rhmk# kpbfjm ohmlera{f`# hek# rkcjejaf# hf`

}k{hc arjkfphpjaf hrk k~kmpk` hf` ukcmagk` hgafe a{r

Yac{fpkkr}& ^hrp ai pbk ^khmk Mar~} gj}}jaf j} pa bkc~ `j}~kc

hfz fapjaf pbhp Hgkrjmhf} hrk hcc ai afk arjejf ar rhmk hf`

pa k}phocj}b pbhp khmb ai {} j} h} pbara{ebcz Hgkrjmhf h} pbk

apbkr `k}~jpk a{r ghfz `jiikrkfmk}&

A{r `jykr}jpz bkc~} {} hmmag~cj}b pbhp eahc& Jf apbkr uhz}#

baukykr# jp ~a}k} mbhcckfek}& Jf Garamma# h} jf apbkr

^khmk Mar~} ba}p ma{fprjk}# Yac{fpkkr} okbhyjar# cjik}pzck#

ohmlera{f`# hf` okcjki} hrk d{`ek` jf h m{cp{rhc mafpkp ykrz

`jiikrkfp irag pbkjr auf& Mkrphjf ~kr}afhc ~kr}~kmpjyk} ar

mbhrhmpkrj}pjm} maggafcz hmmk~pk` jf pbk [fjpk` ]phpk} ghz

ok x{jpk {fmaggaf# {fhmmk~phock# ar kykf rk~rk}}k`

jf Garamma&

A{p}j`k ai Garamma} mh~jphc# rk}j`kfp} ai r{rhc magg{fjpjk}

bhyk bh` rkchpjykcz cjppck `jrkmp k~a}{rk pa apbkr m{cp{rk}#

rhmk}# rkcjejaf}# hf` cjik}pzck}& Ubhp ~ka~ck yjku h} pz~jmhc

Hgkrjmhf okbhyjar ar farg} ghz ok h gj}mafmk~pjaf# }{mb

h} pbk okcjki pbhp hcc Hgkrjmhf} hrk rjmb hf` bhyk ocaf` bhjr

hf` oc{k kzk}& Pbk ~ka~ck ai Garamma hrk d{}pcz lfauf iarpbkjr ekfkra{} ba}~jphcjpz pa iarkjefkr}< baukykr# gkgokr} ai

pbk magg{fjpz jf ubjmb za{ ujcc cjyk ghz `j}~chz h rhfek ai

rkhmpjaf} pa m{cp{rhc `jiikrkfmk} pbhp za{ ~rk}kfp&



68/127

Pa kh}k pbk prhf}jpjaf hf` h`h~p pa cjik jf Garamma# za{ ghz

fkk` pa ghlk }agk pkg~arhrz# zkp i{f`hgkfphc mag~ragj}k}

jf bau za{ ~rk}kfp za{r}kci h} hf Hgkrjmhf hf` h} hfjf`jyj`{hc& Iar khg~ck# ikghck prhjfkk} hf` Yac{fpkkr} ghz

fap ok hock pa kkrmj}k pbk jf`k~kf`kfmk hyhjchock pa pbkg

jf pbk [fjpk` ]phpk}< ~acjpjmhc `j}m{}}jaf} fkk` pa ok bhf`ck`

ujpb erkhp mhrk< hf` }agk ai za{r ~kr}afhc okcjki} ghz ok}p

rkghjf {f`j}mca}k`& Za{ ujcc fkk` pa `kykca~ pkmbfjx{k} hf`

~kr}afhc }prhpkejk} iar ma~jfe ujpb pbk}k hf` apbkr cjgjphpjaf}&

Pbk ^khmk Mar~} }phii ujcc ckh` `jykr}jpz hf` }kf}jpjyjpz`j}m{}}jaf} `{rjfe ~rk'}kryjmk prhjfjfe hf` ujcc ok af mhcc pa

~rayj`k }{~~arp# o{p pbk mbhcckfek {cpjghpkcz ujcc ok

za{r auf&

Aykryjku ai @jykr}jpz jf Garamma

Pbk ^khmk Mar~} }phii jf Garamma rkmaefjtk} pbk mbhcckfek}hf` h`d{}pgkfp j}}{k} pbhp magk ujpb `jykr}jpz hf` kf`khyar}

pa ~rayj`k gkhfjfei{c }{~~arp hf` e{j`hfmk& ^khmk Mar~}!

Garamma bh} h uarljfe era{~ ai Yac{fpkkr} rk~rk}kfpjfe

Hgkrjmhf `jykr}jpz ph}lk` ujpb }bhrjfe# `am{gkfpjfe hf`

~rk}kfpjfe pbkjr k~krjkfmk} pa ^khmk Mar~} }phii hf`

Yac{fpkkr} jf ar`kr pa jfmrkh}k huhrkfk}} hf` {f`kr}phf`jfe

ai pbk mbhcckfek} pbhp pbkz bhyk ihmk`& Pbj} era{~ j} hc}a`kykca~jfe ghpkrjhc} pbhp mhf ok {}k` oz hcc Yac{fpkkr} pa

k`{mhpk Garammhf} hoa{p pbk `jykr}jpz ai Hgkrjmhf}&

@{rjfe ~rk'}kryjmk prhjfjfe# }kykrhc }k}}jaf} ujcc ok bkc` pa

`j}m{}} `jykr}jpz hf` ma~jfe gkmbhfj}g}& Uk caal iaruhr`

pa bhyjfe ghck hf` ikghck Yac{fpkkr} irag h yhrjkpz ai

rhmk}# kpbfjm era{~}# hek}# rkcjejaf}# hf` }k{hc arjkfphpjaf}#

hf` ba~k pbhp za{ ujcc okmagk ~hrp ai h `jykr}k era{~ ai

Hgkrjmhf} uba phlk ~rj`k jf }{~~arpjfe afk hfapbkr hf`

`kgaf}prhpjfe pbk rjmbfk}} ai Hgkrjmhf m{cp{rk&

^ K H M K M A _ ^ ]99


69/127

Ubhp Gjebp h Yac{fpkkr Ihmk1

Ujpb gark hf` gark ~ka~ck irag apbkr ma{fprjk} yj}jpjfe

Garamma# ~ka~ck jf za{r magg{fjpz ghz jfjpjhccz pbjfl za{

hrk h pa{rj}p& Jp ujcc phlk pjgk hf` ~hpjkfmk pa bkc~ ~ka~ck

jf za{r magg{fjpz {f`kr}phf` uba za{ hrk# ubz za{ bhyk

magk hf` pbhp za{ ~chf pa }phz iar gark pbhf h iku `hz}&

Ghfz Garammhf} ijf` jp bhr` pa okcjkyk pbhp Hgkrjmhf} ua{c`

hcpr{j}pjmhccz hf` yac{fphrjcz `afhpk pua zkhr} ai pbkjr cjyk} pa

h}}j}p pbk ~ka~ck ai hfapbkr ma{fprz& Okmh{}k pbk mafmk~p ai

yac{fpkkrj}g j} fap rkh`jcz {f`kr}paa`# za{ ghz ok }{}~kmpk`

ai okjfe hf hekfp iar pbk jfpkccjekfmk'ehpbkrjfe magg{fjpz&

Hcpkrfhpjykcz# za{ ghz ok ~krmkjyk` h} }agkafk uba j} }pjcc

`ajfe rk}khrmb pa mag~ckpk h `kerkk rhpbkr pbhf }agkafk

uba j} hcrkh`z pkmbfjmhccz mag~kpkfp&

Hfapbkr ~apkfpjhccz ~raockghpjm hrkh j} ~acjpjm}& Hfz ~{ocjm

k~rk}}jaf ai a~jfjaf oz Yac{fpkkr} af j}}{k} maf}j`krk`~acjpjmhc ar mafpraykr}jhc jf Garamma ma{c` }krja{}cz

mag~ragj}k pbkjr kiikmpjykfk}} hf` pbhp ai pbk ^khmk Mar~}

~raerhg& Ubhpkykr za{

peace corps morocco welcome book | october 2006

Documents