pengajaran dan pembelajaran secara online
DESCRIPTION
Pengajaran dan Pembelajaran secara Online. PM DR . NORAZAH MOHD. NORDIN Fakulti pendidikan ukm. Outline. Intoduction Definition Terminology Emerging Trends and Practices Technologies and Techniques Learning Theories Remarks. Online learning. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
PM DR. NORAZAH MOHD. NORDIN
FAKULTI PENDIDIKAN
UKM
Pengajaran dan Pembelajaran secara
Online
2
Intoduction
Definition
Terminology
Emerging Trends and Practices
Technologies and Techniques
Learning Theories
Remarks
Outline
Online learning
the most accessible pathway to the new knowledge
economy and related jobs for the majority of working people
includes mobile learning, e-gaming, online communities, and learning management systems that engage each user.
Online Learning
‘online learning is an educational material that is presented on a computer’
Carliner (1999)
Online Learning
‘online instruction is an innovative approach for delivering instruction to a remote audience,using the Web as the medium. Online learning, however, involves more than just the presentation and delivery of materials using the Web: the learner and the learning process should be the focus of online learning.
(Khan 1997)
Online Learning
‘online learning is [t]he use of the Internet to access learning materials; to interact with the content, instructor, and other learners; and to obtainsupport during the learning process, in order to acquire knowledge, to construct personal meaning, and to grow from the learning experience’
(Ally, 2007)
Terminologies used for online learning
e-learningInternet learningdistributed learning,networked learning tele-learningvirtual learningcomputer-assisted learningweb-based learningdistance learning
Components of Online Learning
Learners+
LMSASP/ESP
MultimediaRow dataOriginal Draft
Training delivery methods OperationSystem Reference
Technology
Contents
Service
Develop course details
Web based e-Learning for statistical education
9
Establish discussion Establish discussion guidelineguideline Develop a Develop a flexible syllabusflexible syllabus Develop Contents with Develop Contents with modulemodule
or small unitor small unit Create a Create a timelinetimeline Develop Develop assignmentsassignments Decide about Decide about evaluationevaluation
technique to usetechnique to use
Emerging Trends and Practices
Noble and Worthy MissionBringing learning to the disenfranchised
Those who have not been served by traditional classroom settings
Interesting (and exciting) times!New tools, new techniques, new theories!After centuries of sameness (since
printing press) we now are confronted with a new context in higher education
Millennial Students
Millennials Rising: The Next Great Generation, Neil Howe and William Strauss – 7 descriptors: Special Sheltered Confident Team-Oriented Achieving Pressured Conventional
They expect Student Centered Learning
Digital Natives
So if Digital Immigrant educators really want to reach Digital Natives – e.g. all their students – they will have to change. It’s high time for them to stop their grousing, and as the Nike motto of the Digital Native generation says, “Just do it!” They will succeed in the long run – and their successes will come that much sooner if their administrators support them.
Who are the Millennial Students?
Technologies and Techniques
How do we connect with the digital natives – the millennial students?
Time-shifting technologies Encourage interaction - engage Facilitate individual communication Utilize their means of communication –
digital Meet them where they are – on their turf
Learning Theories
Applying learning theories to online teaching and learning
“Personally, I’m always ready to learn, although I do not always like being taught.”
-Winston Churchill
Learning Theories
Behaviorist, Cognitivist, Behaviorist, Cognitivist, ConstructivistConstructivist
Mental RepresentationsMental RepresentationsCognitive Theory of Multimedia Cognitive Theory of Multimedia
LearningLearningConnectivismConnectivism
Learning Theories
BehavioristBehaviorist Thorndike, Pavlov, SkinnerThorndike, Pavlov, Skinner Learning = observable behavioral changesLearning = observable behavioral changes
CognitivistCognitivist Craik, Tulving, AusubelCraik, Tulving, Ausubel Learning = motivation, thinking, memory, reflectionLearning = motivation, thinking, memory, reflection
ConstrucitivstConstrucitivst Piaget, Vygotsky, BrunerPiaget, Vygotsky, Bruner Learning = observation, processing, interpretationLearning = observation, processing, interpretation
Learning Theories
Mental RepresentationsMental RepresentationsPaivio’s Paivio’s Dual Coding TheoryDual Coding Theory
Verbal and nonverbal subsystemsVerbal and nonverbal subsystems Words/pictures enhance cognitive Words/pictures enhance cognitive
codingcoding Interactive imageryInteractive imagery Research supports use of images & Research supports use of images &
texttext
Learning Theories
Cognitive Theory of Multimedia Cognitive Theory of Multimedia LearningLearning
Mayer extends Paivio’s theoryMayer extends Paivio’s theoryPictures = “animation”Pictures = “animation”Text = “narration”Text = “narration”Computer-based multimedia presentationsComputer-based multimedia presentationsPrior knowledge influences integration of Prior knowledge influences integration of
pictures and text in “working memory”pictures and text in “working memory”
Learning Theories
Connectivism “A learning theory for the digital
age” Personal knowledge is a “network” Personal to network to organization Know “where” to locate “up-to-date”
knowledge
Just Do It Right!
Motivate learnersPromote meaningful learningEncourage interaction & collaborationGive timely constructive feedbackLook at the whole person
Learner and learning process at the center
Sampling of New Technologies
Innovative trends and practices Blogs Podcasting and Enhanced
Podcasting Wikis RSS Gaming – simulations
Blogs
WeB + LOGS = BLOGS Since 1997 Reverse chronological order Quick and easy way to publish
instantly and internationally Provision for responses http://iteslj.org/Techniques/Johnson-Blo
gs/
http://grandtextauto.gatech.edu/2004/08/06/teaching-with-blogs
Blogs
How are blogs used in education? Faculty members sharing info with students Online discussions Students in virtual study groups Students sharing creative writing with world Online journaling E-Portfolios Anonymous evaluations
Incredible reach – last 24 hours for OLU
Podcasts
iPOD + broadCAST = PODCAST Born out of blogs Audio blogging using MP3 or MP4 format Listened to online or through iTunes
auto-downloaded to an iPod Dr. Margaret Maag – USF:
http://feeds.feedburner.com/NursingEducation
Dr. Burks Oakley – University of Illinois: http://burkso2.blogspot.com
Podcasts
Podcasts recorded outside the classroomSkype (Voice over Internet
Protocol) computer-to-computer or telephone – or via iTalk microphone SHU Podcast
Ed-Cast An International Collaboration to Enhance Access and Knowledge via podcasts freely shared across institutions
Vodcasts
Video On Demand + broadCAST = VODCAST
Video files commonly in blogs that can be played on a computer or a video iPod
Some example sites: http://www.vodcasts.tv/ http://research.uchicago.edu/highlights/science/i
ndex.shtml#
Pod/Vodcasts
How are Pod/Vodcasts used in education? Lecture delivery
Those who miss class Review of lectures Slider-bar for review of concepts
Voiced discussion boards Providing richer communication
Student project delivery Enabling audio/video multimedia
Wikis
Wiki = Hawaiian term for “quick” (e.g. wiki wiki buses) Online shared space for composition Normally, anyone with access can edit Wikipedia
http://www.wikipedia.org/http://www.wikipedia.org/ Wikispaces
http://rayschroeder.wikispaces.com/ http://rayschroeder.wikispaces.com/ http://rayschroeder.wikispaces.com/shuhttp://rayschroeder.wikispaces.com/shu
RSS
Rich Site Summary / Really Simple Syndication Online XML files pointing to updates
http://people.uis.edu/rschr1/onlinelearning/http://people.uis.edu/rschr1/onlinelearning/blogger_rss.xmlblogger_rss.xml
Aggregators http://newsisfree.comhttp://newsisfree.com
Enables instant sharing of resources Blogs, Podcasts, Vodcasts, Wikis
Dynamic pages http://people.uis.edu/rschr1/oluinfo.htmhttp://people.uis.edu/rschr1/oluinfo.htm
Gaming - Simulation
Millennial learners are veterans at digital gaming and simulation More hours spent with x-box than
prior generations spent with books Comfortable mode of learning http://www.merlot.org/search/http://www.merlot.org/search/
ArtifactList.po?ArtifactList.po?keyword=simulationkeyword=simulation
Theory References
Athabasca University. (2004). Foundations of Educational Theory for Online Learning. In T. Anderson, & F. Elloumi (Eds.), Theory and Practice of Online Learning. (pp. 3-31). Available at http://cde.athabascau.ca/online_book/.
Mayer, R. (2001). Multimedia learning. Cambridge, England: University Press.
Paivio, A. (1986). Mental representations: Adual coding approach. Oxford, England:Oxford University Press.
Theory References
Siemens, G. (2004). Connectivism: A Learning Theory for the Digital Age. Available at: http://www.elearnspace.org/Articles/connectivism.htm.
Technology Sources
Educause has published a free E-Book on the topic: Educating the Net Generation (July, 2005) http://www.educause.edu/http://www.educause.edu/
EducatingtheNetGeneration/5989 EducatingtheNetGeneration/5989
Online Learning Update – more than 5,000 postings since 2001 http://people.uis.edu/rschr1/onlinelearning/http://people.uis.edu/rschr1/onlinelearning/
blogger.htmlblogger.html
Future e-Learning
Web based e-Learning for statistical education
35
Future e-Learning
Learner oriented
education
Active Interactivityeducation
Continuing
& Lifelong
Education
Media based distance education
36
Just in TimeJust in Time Based on Web : WAP(Wireless Application Based on Web : WAP(Wireless Application
Protocol)Protocol) Notebook PDA based Online LearningNotebook PDA based Online Learning
Just For MeJust For Me Personalized instructional learning objects Personalized instructional learning objects
which is based on individual level and stylewhich is based on individual level and style Usable of inner and outer reference without Usable of inner and outer reference without
limitationlimitation
Future of e-Learning