Penguins

EXTERNAL FEATURES

BODY –Oval in shape Cryptic colouration(black or bluish above &white

belove) wings – devoid of quill feathers , covered with scale

like feathers-swimming &diving Legs-short and far back in the body Toes –webbed-steering Plumage covers the entire body Beak- horny plates

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Expert swimmers Breed in large group on desolute rocks Eggs- 2 to 3 at a time Incubation by both the parents Half digested food for young ones Example for bird migration by swimming

17 species Largest-Emperor penguin Examples-Emperor penguin ,King penguin , Adelic

penguin

I. Aptenodytes

Largest of all penguins Colonized in Antarctic mainland Emperor penguin-1.2m tall, King penguin 1m tall Long and curved beak Narrow and long flippers Orange patches on the side of the neck Bizarre form of behavior Krill paste Single egg at a time Incubation period -65 days for Emperor penguin &14-18months for King

penguin Make no nests

I. PYGOSCELIS

Includes Adelic penguin , Ringed penguin& Gentoo penguin

Small and highly sociable Short beak Few tail feathers present

iii. Megadytes

Long and stout beak 20 feathers on tail Confined to the island of New Zealand region Nest on forested land slopping into sea

IV. EUDYPTES

Royal penguin or Crested penguin Yellow crest Moderately long tail of 14-16 feathers Breed in immense rookeries , sometimes beside the

breeding ground of sea lions

v. EUDIPTULA

The small blue penguin Confined to New Zealand and Australia

vi. SPENISOUS

Northerly range of distribution short ,stout &compressed beak Examples – S. demurus of S.Afric , S. mendiculus of the Galapagoes island

Aquatic adaptation of Penguins

Wings are modified in to paddle or flippers Strongly webbed feet & partial fusion of metatarsals Presence of solid bones & absence of air sacs inside

the bone Short , closely & heavily packed plumage which holds

very little air Sleak and stream lined body

Pelicans

Pelicans(Pelicanus)

Local name : Neerpakshi , Narapakshi Super order :Neognathae

Order: Pelicaniformes Family : Pelicanidae

Habit

Large , web footed ,gregarious birds Widely distributed in tropical and temperate countries Large wings spread , very long bill & a pouch in the upper throat Huge body , well developed beak Short legs & fully webbed feet Upper part of bill is long flat and boat shaped usually terminated

in a hook Lower part has to flexible arches which support a large elastic

pouch This pouch serve as fishing net

Tail is short , square and soft They make huge nest of straw and reeds at the top of tree Female lays 3-4 eggs , hatch in 30 days The oil obtained from pelican fat used as medicine to treat

Rheumatisn Eg : white or rosy pelican (Pelecanus onocrotatus) spotted billed pelican or grey pelican (P.philippensis philippensis) Dalmatian pelican (P. philippensis crispus) found in India

White pelican

Grey pelican

Dalmatian pelican

Thank you

Anand p p