people-to-people connectivity between central …...vang tao mukdahan – savannakhet nam phao –...

Institute of Developing Economies, JETRO

People-to-People Connectivity

between Central Vietnam, Lao

PDR and Thailand

Masami Ishida

Institute of Developing Economies

Japan External Trade Organization

1


Today’s Topic

I. Exchange through Tourism

II. Cooperation in Education

III. Sister – City Relations

IV. Background of Deepened Relations

2


I. Exchange through Tourism

3


Thai Tourists Visit Central Vietnam

Khon Kaen

Mukdahan

Ubon Ratchathani

Hue

Hoi An

Da Nang

From 2004 or 2005 Thai tourists who visit Central Vietnam Had Increased.

1st 3rd

2nd

3 Nights4 DaysTrip


Arrivals to Laos by Vietnamese and Thai

5

0

200,000

400,000

600,000

800,000

1,000,000

2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

0

20,000

40,000

60,000

80,000

100,000

2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

0

20,000

40,000

60,000

80,000

100,000

2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

0

20,000

40,000

60,000

80,000

100,000

2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

0

5,000

10,000

15,000

20,000

25,000

30,000

2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

0

200,000

400,000

600,000

800,000

1,000,000

2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 0

50,000

100,000

150,000

200,000

250,000

300,000

2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

0

50,000

100,000

150,000

200,000

2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 20150

50,000

100,000

150,000

200,000

250,000

300,000

2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

0

50,000

100,000

150,000

200,000

250,000

300,000

2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

0

5,000

10,000

15,000

20,000

2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

Tay Trang – Pang Hok

2.7 – 4.8%

Na Meo – Nam Xoi

0.2 – 1.8%

Nam Can – Nam Khan

0.2 – 2.1%

0

50,000

100,000

150,000

200,000

250,000

300,000

2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

0

50,000

100,000

150,000

200,000

2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

Cau Treo – Nam Phao 1.1 – 7.4%

0

5,000

10,000

15,000

20,000

25,000

30,000

35,000

40,000

2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

Cha Lo – Naphao 0.9 – 7.0%

Lao Bao – Den

Savanh 8.6 – 27.3%Bo Y – Phou Keua

0.5 – 5.0%

Vang Tao – Chong

Mek 1.7 – 3.1%

Savannakhet – Mukdahan 3.3 – 4.5%

Thakhek –

Nakhon Phanom

16.2 – 35.6%

Pakxan – Bueng Kan

5.6 – 13.5%

Vientiane – Nong Khai 8.4 – 20.4%

Nam Heuang –

Nong Phur 0.8 – 9.0%

Nam Ngeun –

Huay Kon 0.8 – 1.7%

Huay Xai –

Chiang Kohn 2.8 – 8.5%

: Entry by Thai people.

: Entry by Vietnamese people.

0

50,000

100,000

150,000

200,000

2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015


6

30,179 31,669 22,489 25,099 33,576 26,499 31,749

80,568

145,126161,717

190,876

236,984

280,772 291,825

0

50,000

100,000

150,000

200,000

250,000

300,000

2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

Tourist Arrivals at Den Savanh Border

Source: Statistical Report on Tourism in Laos.

Thai tourists created

the new trend of

people-to- people

connectivity. But the

number of Thai tourist

show sluggish Trend

recently.

1. Thai government

regulation to

government

officials business

tour has become

tight.

2. Competition

between LCC and

bus tour has

become tough.

3. Thai tourists do

not repeat visits to

the same spot

Central Vietnam.0

200,000

400,000

600,000

800,000

1,000,000

2005 2010 2015

Savannakhet + Den Savanh Border

: Entry by Thai people.

: Entry by Vietnamese people.


7

58,963 49,800 56,040 59,709

90,236103,120

132,456

11,377 9,635 13,68325,230

40,53757,048

29,134

0

50,000

100,000

150,000

200,000

2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

Tourist Arrivals at 3rd Mekong Bridge & Thakhek

442,168513,870 517,300

709,946767,382 789,390

925,043

40,496 91,629115,157 129,090

152,548 201,790129,112

0

100,000

200,000

300,000

400,000

500,000

600,000

700,000

800,000

900,000

1,000,000

2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

Tourist Arrivals at 1st Mekong Bridge (near Vientiane)

November 11, 2011

Completion of Third Mekong Bridge

Vietnamese people

who moves from Nong

Khai to Vientiane and

from Nakhon Phanom

to Thakhek have

increased.


Vietnamese Tourists Visit Thailand & LaosVientiane

Udon Thani

Nakhon Phanom

Vinh

2nd

1st

Shopping

2 Nights 3 DaysTour


II. Cooperation in Education

9


10

Pham Van Dong Univ. (Lao)

Da Nang

Ha Tinh Univ. (Lao)Quang Binh Univ.

(Lao)

Hue

0

20

40

60

80

100

2005 2010 2015

0

20

40

60

80

100

2005 2010 2015

Quang Nam Univ. (Lao)

0

20

40

60

80

100

2005 2010 2015

Da Nang Foreign

Language Univ.

（Foreign)Da Nang

Education College

Under Graduate (Lao)

Graduate (Lao)

0

100

200

300

400

500

2005 2010 2015

Hue Medical College (Lao)

Hue Educational

College (Lao)Hue Univ. (Foreign)

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2005 2010 2015

0

100

200

300

400

500

2005 2010 2015

Vinh Univ. (Foreign)

0

20

40

60

80

100

2005 2010 2015

Thai

Lao

Chinese

0

20

40

60

80

100

2005 2010 2015

0

20

40

60

80

100

2005 2010 2015

Under

GraduateLanguage

Foreign Students Enroll in Central Vietnam

Quang Tri Education

College (Lao)

Nghe An Educational

College (Lao)

Quang Ngai

Tam Ky

Dong Ha

Da Nang

Dong Hoi

Vinh

Source: Graphs are based on data collected by Vietnam Institute of Economics

from Ministry of Education in Vietnam.

Dong Hoi

College (Lao)


The Number of Lao Students in Vietnam

Qaung Nam Univ.

Da Nang Univ.

Hue Univ.

Quang Binh Univ.

Ha Tinh Univ.

Vinh Univ.

179 Students

517 Students

310 Students

1900 Students

642 Students

Students do not have to use air plane. They can move to the cities from their home towns by bus. Thisis an effect of cross-border roadinfrastructure development

140 Students (2015)

Source: Interviews with the universities conducted in October 2016 and in

December 2015.


Other Examples of Exchange of Students

12

2013 2014 2015 2016

Science & Technology 177 202 236 213

Health 182 219 250 225

Humanities & Society 364 435 401 480

Total 723 856 977 918

🔶 Increase in the number of foreign students at Khon Kaen Univ.

Source: Survey conducted by Khon Kaen Univ.

Many of them are

from CLMV countries

including Laos

🔶 Another case study

Mukdahan

Industrial College

Chaophraya

University

Hue

Industrial College

1 or 2 students

Vietnamese

study tourism

as of 2015

12 trainees of

business

experience as

of 2015

Source: Survey conducted by Khon Kaen Univ and Vietnamese Institute of Economics.


III. Sister-City Relations

13


MOUs between Neighboring Provinces

14

Nghe An

Ha Tinh

Quang TriThua Thien

Hue

Quang Binh

Da Nang

Quang

Nam

Xieng

Khouang

Bolikhamxay

Khammouane

Savannakhet

Salavan

Sekong

Attapeu

Champasak

Mukdahan

Ubon

Ratchathani

Preah

Vihear

Bangkok

: A Sister – City Relation between neighboring provinces. : Cooperative relations based on Emerald Triangle.

: Cooperative relations based on MOUs on education and tourism.

Source: Interview at People’s Committees

and DPI of Vietnamese provinces and

commercial department of Ubon

Ratchathani province in 2015 and

2016.


Sister City Relations and MOU in General

15

Nghe An

Ha Tinh

Quang Tri

Thua Thien

Hue

Quang Binh

Da Nang

Quang

Nam

Xieng

Khouang

Bolikhamxay

Khammouane

Savannakhet

Salavan

Sekong

Attapeu

Champasak

Mukdahan

Ubon

Ratchathani

Bangkok

Source: Interview at DPI in Thua Thien Hue Province and Department of Foreign Affairs of Da Nang City in December 2015, and at DPI

of Quang Tri Province in October 2016.


MOUs between Vietnam and Lao PDR

16

Thua Thien

Hue

Da Nang

Khammouane

Savannakhet

Salavan

Sekong

Attapeu

Champasak

Thua Thien Hue

Province and Da

Nang Concluded

MOU with 6

Provinces in Lao

PDR

Source: Interview at DPI in Thua Thien Hue Province and Department of Foreign Affairs of Da Nang City in December 2015.


Nine Provinces’ Cooperative Relations

17

Bolikhamxay

Khammouane

Nghe An

Bueng

KanHa Tinh

Nakhon

Phanom

Sakon

Nakhon

Nong Khai

1996 Plan of Vietnam –

Thailand Friendship

Village was started in

Nakhon Phanom

1996 Sister – city relation of

2 Lao Provinces, 3

Vietnamese provinces

and Nakhon Phanom

2011 The third Mekong

Friendship Bridge was

completed

3 Thai provinces

added

Meeting twice in a year

Promoting trade, tourism

and road development

Quang

Binh

Source: Interviews at People’s Committee of Ha Tinh Province and DPI of Nghe An Province

in October 2016.


EWEC Business Database Project

18

Da Nang

Thua Thien

Hue

Quang Tri

Savannakhet

MukdahanKalasinKhon

Kaen

Phit

SanulokTak

Mon

Karen

Source: Based on my experience of working for Mekong Institute as a consultant in 2012.


IV. Background of Deepened

Relation

19


First Generation (18 – 19 century)

1) Vietnamese who accompanied with Nguyen Phuc Anh (later called as

Gia Long, the First Emperor of Nguyen Dynasty) when escaped to

Bangkok in 1783 and continued to live in Thailand.

2) Vietnamese Christians who escaped to Thailand from oppression

under the Nguyen dynasty since Emperor Ming Mang rejected French

missionaries in 1825

Second Generation (1890s – 1930s)

Vietnamese nationalists who utilized Thailand as a safe place to

escape from French police from the end of 19 century to 1930s. The

leaders of pro-independence movement such as Mr. Phan Boi Chau

and Mr. Ho Chi Minh also visited Thailand.

Third Generation (1975 – 80)

People called as “boat people” who escaped from Southern and

Central part of Vietnam.20

Overseas Vietnamese in Thailand


Overseas Vietnamese in Thailand and Laos

21

Vinh

Ha Tinh

Dong Ha

Hue

Quang Binh

Da Nang

Quang

Nam

Bolikhamxay

Khammouane

Savannakhet

Ubon

Ratchathani

Bangkok

Source : Takahashi (2012) and Foreign Language Publishing House (1962).

Khon

Kaen

Udon

Thani

Mukdahan

Sakhon

Nakhon

Nakhon

Phanom

Nong Khai

Phichit

: Cities where Association of Vietnamese People exists.

: Cities where Mr. Ho Chi Minh stayed between 1928-31.


Tourist Spots as Connector

22

World Cultural

and Natural

Heritages

of UNESCO

Nguyen Dynasty Palace at Hue, 11 Apr. 2010.

Japan Bridge at Hoi An, 13 Apr. 2110.

My Son Sanctuary, 9 Sep. 2009.

Anousavary Patuxay at Vientiane,

18 Jul. 2013.

Ho Chi Minh’s House at Nakhon

Phanom, 22 Jul.. 2015.

Phong Nha Ke Bang National Park

https://www.google.co.jp/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0ahUKEwiU2dPHnJ3VAhVElZQKHUz8CkAQjRwIBw&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dreamstime.com%2Fstock-photo-entrance-to-phong-nha-ke-bang-underground-river-caves-limestone-karsts-formations-unesco-world-heritage-site-quang-binh-image56485670&psig=AFQjCNEIJg2y0buQSgzhL7q_vS0BY65SAA&ust=1500824322131239


Before & After 2nd Friendship Bridge

5 September 2016

27 August 2006

23 July 2015

December 26 2006

Completion of 2nd Mekong Bridge

between Mukdahan－Savannakhet

（1,600m）


Before & After 3rd Friendship Bridge

Opening Ceremony on November 11, 2011 Third Mekong Friendship Bridge on July 22, 2015

Ferry before the completion December 19, 2012

November 11, 2011

Completion of 3rd Mekong Bridge

between Mukdahan－Savannakhet

（780m）


Short Distance (Highway No. 9, 8, 12)

25

Chiang Khong –

Houayxai

Pang Hok –

Tay Trang

Huaykon –

Nam Ngeun

Nong Phur –

Nam Heuan

Bridge

Nong Khai –

Thanaleng

Nakhon Phanom –

Thakhek

Chong Mek –

Vang Tao

Mukdahan –

Savannakhet

Nam Phao –

Cau Treo

Nam Suoy – Na Meo

Den Savanh – Lao Bao

Na Pao – Cha Lo

Lalay – La Lay

Phou Keua – Bo Y

470km

505km

160km

89km218km

94km

258km

Vinh

Vung An (Ky Anh)

Dong Ha

Quy Nhon

246km

82km

Vientiane

Ha Noi

282km

350km

Note: The distance is

measured when I

passed road

(except roads to Na

Meo – Nam Suoy,

Huaykon – Nam

Noeun, Nong Phur

– Nam Heuan

Bridge and Lalay –

Lalay). These

secdions’ distances

are measured by

maps sold at book

shops.

Source : Created by

presenter.

485km

284km

Khon Kaen

Ubon Ratchathani

388km

700km

690km

274km92km

Hue103km

From border

to border in

Laos

Border to HW

No.1 in Vietnam

From Ubon

Ratchathani

to border in

Thailand


ConclusionsPeople-to-people connectivity between Central Vietnam,

Laos and Northeastern Thailand have been deepened:

1) in tourism (started with Thai tourists’ visits and the number of

Vietnamese tourists’ visits to Thailand and Laos)

2) in education (Lao students who study in Central Vietnam and in

Thailand have increased)

3) in sister – city relations and MOUs between local governments

Backgrounds of the deepened connectivity are:

1) Overseas Vietnamese people who live in Central Laos and in

Northeastern Thailand as a connector

2) Tourist’s spots as a connector

3) Infrastructure development including bridges over Mekong River

4) Especially short distance between borders with Thailand and with

Vietnam in Laos (Highway No. 9, Highway 12 and Highway 8)

26


Thank you !

27

people-to-people connectivity between central …...vang tao mukdahan – savannakhet nam phao –...

Documents